Self-righting spray gun for enhancing hydraulic sand blasting perforation and hydraulic jet fracturing effects

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas field development, in particular to a self-righting spray gun capable of enhancing hydraulic sand blasting perforation and hydraulic jet fracturing effects, which comprises a righting wing, a nozzle and a spray gun with a tubular structure, and at least one righting component is distributed on the outer side of the spray gun at intervals along the length direction; the righting assembly comprises a plurality of righting wings fixed to the outer side of the spray gun at intervals in the circumferential direction. The structure is reasonable and compact, the nozzle is arranged in the mounting hole of the centralizing wing, the centralizing distance of the two sides of the nozzle is shortened, the adverse effect of jittering of the spray gun on the perforating effect is reduced, and the perforating effect is improved; the length of the hydraulic sand blasting perforation downhole tool string is shortened, the change of the outer diameter is reduced, the trafficability of the downhole tool string is improved, the nozzles are detachably mounted in the mounting holes, and the requirements for diversity of downhole operation and the service life of tools can be met; the spray gun is used for replacing a conventional spray gun and centralizers at the two ends of the spray gun.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of oil and gas field development technology, and is a self-centralizing spray gun that enhances the effects of hydraulic sandblasting perforation and hydraulic jet fracturing. Background Technology

[0002] During hydraulic jetting perforation and fracturing, in order to prevent the spray gun from shaking and affecting the perforation effect, it is usually necessary to install centralizers on both sides of the spray gun. This increases the number of tools to be inserted into the well, increases the length of the tool string, and affects the passage of the tool string. At the same time, when using a conventional spray gun, the outer diameter of the spray gun is smaller than the outer diameter of the centralizer, resulting in a large spray distance between the spray gun nozzle and the inner wall of the casing and a decrease in the jet velocity, which affects the jet spraying effect. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides a self-centralizing spray gun that enhances the effects of hydraulic sandblasting perforation and hydraulic jet fracturing, overcoming the shortcomings of the prior art. It can effectively solve the problems of increasing the length of the wellhead tool due to the installation of centralizers on both sides of the existing spray gun, affecting the passage of the wellhead tool string and the jet spraying effect.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is achieved through the following measures: a self-centralizing spray gun that enhances the effect of water jet sandblasting and water jet fracturing, comprising centralizing wings, nozzles and a tubular structure spray gun, at least one centralizing component is distributed at intervals along the length direction on the outer side of the spray gun, the centralizing component includes several centralizing wings fixed at intervals along the circumferential direction on the outer side of the spray gun, the centralizing wings of two adjacent centralizing components are staggered, the outer side of the centralizing wing is provided with an outward opening mounting groove, the inner wall of the mounting groove is provided with a mounting hole communicating with the inner wall of the spray gun, and a nozzle is detachably installed in the mounting hole.

[0005] The following are further optimizations and / or improvements to the above-mentioned technical solution: The aforementioned mounting groove can be trapezoidal with a wider outer edge and a narrower inner edge, and the width of the mounting groove is the same as the width of the straightening wing.

[0006] The depth of the aforementioned mounting groove can be 3.0 to 4.0 mm, and the distance between the nozzle tip and the inner wall of the spray gun is less than the distance between the outer side of the straightening wing and the inner wall of the spray gun.

[0007] The upper inner side of the spray gun may be provided with a trapezoidal internal thread, and the lower outer side of the spray gun is provided with a trapezoidal external thread. The straightening component is located on the outside of the spray gun between the trapezoidal internal thread and the trapezoidal external thread.

[0008] The upper outer side of the spray gun at the position above the trapezoidal internal thread can be provided with at least one radially penetrating positioning screw hole at intervals along the circumference.

[0009] At least two sealing ring grooves can be provided at intervals on the outer side of the lower end of the spray gun at the position below the corresponding trapezoidal external thread.

[0010] This invention features a reasonable and compact structure. The nozzle is positioned within the mounting hole of the centralizing wing, reducing the centralizing distance on both sides of the nozzle and ensuring a better centralizing effect. This reduces the adverse effects of spray gun vibration on the perforation effect, thus improving the perforation efficiency. Furthermore, it shortens the length of the downhole tool string for hydraulic sandblasting perforation, reduces outer diameter variations, and improves the maneuverability of the downhole tool string. The nozzle is detachably mounted within the mounting hole, accommodating diverse downhole operations and extending tool life. During hydraulic sandblasting perforation and hydraulic jet fracturing operations, this spray gun replaces conventional spray guns and their centralizers. Attached Figure Description

[0011] Appendix Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main cross-sectional structure of three straightening components in Embodiments 1 to 6 of the present invention.

[0012] Appendix Figure 2 For the appendix Figure 1 Enlarged cross-sectional view of the structure at point AA.

[0013] Appendix Figure 3 For the appendix Figure 1 Enlarged cross-sectional view of the structure at point BB.

[0014] Appendix Figure 4 For the appendix Figure 1 A magnified cross-sectional view of the structure at point CC.

[0015] Appendix Figure 5 For the appendix Figure 1 Enlarged cross-sectional view of the structure at DD.

[0016] Appendix Figure 6 For the appendix Figure 1 Enlarged cross-sectional view of the structure at EE.

[0017] Appendix Figure 7 For the appendix Figure 1 A magnified cross-sectional view of the structure at FF.

[0018] Appendix Figure 8 This is a front sectional view of the structure of a single straightening component in Embodiments 1 to 6 of the present invention.

[0019] Appendix Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the main cross-sectional structure of a single nozzle in Embodiments 1 to 6 of the present invention.

[0020] The codes in the attached diagram are as follows: 1 is the straightening wing, 2 is the nozzle, 3 is the spray gun, 4 is the mounting groove, 5 is the trapezoidal internal thread, 6 is the trapezoidal external thread, 7 is the positioning screw hole, and 8 is the sealing ring groove. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and the specific implementation can be determined according to the technical solution of the present invention and the actual situation.

[0022] In this invention, for ease of description, the description of the relative positions of the components is based on the appendix to the specification. Figure 1 The layout is described using a diagrammatic method, such as front, back, top, bottom, left, right, etc. The positional relationships are determined based on the layout direction of the attached diagram in the instruction manual.

[0023] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments and accompanying drawings: Example 1: As shown in the attached document Figures 1 to 9 As shown, the self-centralizing spray gun that enhances the effects of water jet sandblasting and water jet fracturing includes a centralizing wing 1, a nozzle 2, and a tubular spray gun 3. At least one centralizing component is distributed at intervals along the length direction on the outer side of the spray gun 3. The centralizing component includes several centralizing wings 1 that are fixed at intervals along the circumferential direction on the outer side of the spray gun 3. The centralizing wings 1 of two adjacent centralizing components are staggered. The outer side of the centralizing wing 1 is provided with an outward-opening mounting groove 4. The inner wall of the mounting groove 4 is provided with a mounting hole that communicates with the inner wall of the spray gun 3. The nozzle 2 can be detachably installed in the mounting hole.

[0024] According to requirements, the outer surface of the straightening wing 1 is arc-shaped. The straightening wing 1 is integrally set with the spray gun 3 and is heat-treated after processing to improve hardness. The mounting groove 4 is located in the middle of the straightening wing 1, and the nozzle 2 is located in the middle of the mounting groove 4. The nozzle 2 can be detachably installed in the mounting hole by means of threaded connection, which is convenient for the replacement of the nozzle 2. The straightening assembly can be one, two or more. The straightening assembly includes two straightening wings 1 fixed at intervals along the circumferential direction on the outside of the spray gun 3. The arrangement of the straightening wings 1 is designed according to the required number of nozzles 2 and the hole arrangement method. The position of the straightening wing 1 is the hole arrangement position of the nozzle 2. The straightening wings 1 are axially symmetrically distributed, that is, the straightening assembly includes several straightening wings 1 evenly distributed and fixed on the outside of the spray gun 3 along the circumferential direction. The position of the straightening wing 1 is consistent with the design position of the nozzle 2. If only one nozzle 2 needs to be installed, the mounting hole on the axially symmetrical part of the straightening wing 1 is designed as a blind hole or a plug is installed in the mounting hole on the axially symmetrical part of the straightening wing 1.

[0025] During use, nozzle 2 is set in the mounting hole of the centralizing wing 1, reducing the centralizing distance on both sides of nozzle 2, thus ensuring the centralizing effect of nozzle 2 and reducing the adverse effects of spray gun 3 vibration on the perforation effect, which is conducive to improving the perforation effect. It also shortens the length of the downhole tool string for hydraulic sandblasting perforation, reduces the change in outer diameter, and improves the passability of the downhole tool string. Nozzle 2 can be detachably installed in the mounting hole, which can meet the diversity of downhole operations and the service life of tools. During hydraulic sandblasting perforation and hydraulic jet fracturing operations, this spray gun 3 is used to replace the conventional spray gun and its centralizers at both ends.

[0026] The self-centralizing spray gun that enhances the effects of water jet sandblasting perforations and water jet fracturing can be further optimized and / or improved according to actual needs: Example 2: As an optimization of the above examples, as shown in the appendix. Figure 1 , 3 As shown in Figures 5, 7, 8, and 9, the mounting groove 4 is a trapezoid with a wider outer edge and a narrower inner edge, and the width of the mounting groove 4 is the same as the width of the straightening wing 1.

[0027] Depending on the requirements, the mounting groove 4 may also include a rectangular groove and a trapezoidal groove connected sequentially from the inside to the outside. During use, the mounting groove 4 has a trapezoidal opening that is wider at the outside and narrower at the inside, which can reduce the impact of liquid splash erosion, prevent the straightening wing 1 and the spray gun 3 from being punctured, and extend their service life. The width of the mounting groove 4 is the same as the width of the straightening wing 1, that is, the two sides of the mounting groove 4 extend to the two sides of the straightening wing 1 in the width direction, which facilitates the processing of the mounting groove 4.

[0028] Example 3: As an optimization of the above examples, as shown in the appendix. Figure 1 , 3 As shown in Figures 5, 7, 8, and 9, the depth of the mounting groove 4 is 3.0 to 4.0 mm, and the distance between the end of the nozzle 2 and the inner wall of the spray gun 3 is less than the distance between the outer side of the straightening wing 1 and the inner wall of the spray gun 3.

[0029] As required, the depth of the mounting groove 4 is 3.5mm, meaning the distance between the inner wall of the mounting groove 4 and the outer side of the centralizing wing 1 is 3.5mm. During use, since the distance between the outer side of the centralizing wing 1 and the inner wall of the casing is between 3 and 4.5mm, the target distance of the nozzle 2 can be controlled within the optimal target distance range of 6.5 to 8mm, improving the spraying effect of the nozzle 2. This also reduces the spray distance between the nozzle 2 and the inner wall of the casing, placing the target in the jet velocity core zone, controlling the attenuation of the jet velocity, and reducing the vibration of the spray gun 3, thereby enhancing the hydraulic sandblasting perforation and hydraulic jet fracturing effects.

[0030] Example 4: As an optimization of the above examples, as shown in the appendix. Figure 1 , 8 As shown in Figures 9 and 1, the spray gun 3 has a trapezoidal internal thread 5 on the upper inner side and a trapezoidal external thread 6 on the lower outer side. The straightening component is located on the outer side of the spray gun 3 between the trapezoidal internal thread 5 and the trapezoidal external thread 6.

[0031] During use, the trapezoidal thread makes the connection between the upper and lower ends of the spray gun 3 and the tool string tighter, preventing the connection from loosening. The trapezoidal thread can ensure the strength of the thread and reduce the failure rate when used in the high temperature and high pressure environment downhole.

[0032] Example 5: As an optimization of the above examples, as shown in the appendix. Figure 1 , 8As shown in Figures 9 and 1, at least one radially penetrating positioning screw hole 7 is provided on the outer side of the upper end of the spray gun 3 at intervals along the circumference, corresponding to the position above the trapezoidal internal thread 5.

[0033] During use, by setting the positioning screw hole 7, a positioning screw can be installed, so that the end of the positioning screw is located in the corresponding positioning groove or hole of the tool string, which can play a role in preventing loosening and rotation, thereby ensuring the relative position of the nozzle 2 and improving the accuracy of the perforation.

[0034] Example 6: As an optimization of the above examples, as shown in the appendix Figure 1 , 8 As shown in Figures 9 and 1, at least two sealing ring grooves 8 are provided on the outer side of the lower end of the spray gun 3 at intervals below the position corresponding to the trapezoidal external thread 6.

[0035] As required, there are two sealing ring grooves 8. This design facilitates the installation of the sealing ring during use, improves the sealing performance between the spray gun 3 and the tool string, reduces pressure loss within the spray gun 3, and ensures the flow rate and pressure of the fluid exiting the nozzle 2.

[0036] The above technical features constitute the embodiments of the present invention, which have strong adaptability and implementation effect. Unnecessary technical features can be added or removed according to actual needs to meet the needs of different situations.

Claims

1. A self-aligning spray gun that enhances the effects of water jet sandblasting perforation and water jet fracturing, characterized in that... The spray gun includes a straightening wing, a nozzle, and a tubular structure. At least one straightening component is distributed at intervals along the length of the outer side of the spray gun. The straightening component includes several straightening wings that are fixed at intervals along the circumferential direction on the outer side of the spray gun. The straightening wings of two adjacent straightening components are staggered. The outer side of the straightening wing is provided with an outward-opening mounting groove. The inner wall of the mounting groove is provided with a mounting hole that communicates with the inner wall of the spray gun. A nozzle can be detachably installed in the mounting hole.

2. The self-aligning spray gun for enhancing the effects of hydraulic sandblasting perforation and hydraulic jet fracturing as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The mounting slot is trapezoidal, wider at the outside and narrower at the inside, and its width is the same as that of the straightening wing.

3. The self-aligning spray gun for enhancing the effects of hydraulic sandblasting perforation and hydraulic jet fracturing as described in claim 2, characterized in that... The depth of the mounting groove is 3.0 to 4.0 mm, and the distance between the nozzle tip and the inner wall of the spray gun is less than the distance between the outer side of the straightening wing and the inner wall of the spray gun.

4. The self-aligning spray gun for enhancing the effects of hydraulic sandblasting perforation and hydraulic jet fracturing according to claim 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that... The spray gun has a trapezoidal internal thread on the upper inner side and a trapezoidal external thread on the lower outer side. The straightening component is located on the outside of the spray gun between the trapezoidal internal thread and the trapezoidal external thread.

5. The self-aligning spray gun for enhancing the effects of hydraulic sandblasting perforation and hydraulic jet fracturing according to claim 4, characterized in that... At least one radially penetrating positioning screw hole is provided on the outer side of the upper end of the spray gun corresponding to the position above the trapezoidal internal thread along the circumference.

6. The self-aligning spray gun for enhancing the effects of water jet sandblasting perforation and water jet fracturing as described in claim 4, characterized in that... At least two sealing ring grooves are provided at intervals on the outer side of the lower end of the spray gun corresponding to the position below the trapezoidal external thread.

7. The self-aligning spray gun for enhancing the effects of water jet sandblasting perforation and water jet fracturing as described in claim 5, characterized in that... At least two sealing ring grooves are provided at intervals on the outer side of the lower end of the spray gun corresponding to the position below the trapezoidal external thread.

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