Header structure for a steam boiler

Abstract

This invention discloses a header structure for a steam boiler, relating to the field of steam boiler technology. The invention includes a reciprocating grate and a side header. The side header is designed to be inclined and closely attached to the top of the reciprocating grate. Several flow equalization distributors are installed on the top of the side header, and water-cooled furnace tubes are mounted on the top of the flow equalization distributors. Each flow equalization distributor includes a base vertically mounted on the top of the side header. The top of the base has a locking thread. A flow control sleeve is rotatably mounted inside the base. The inner wall of the flow control sleeve has an inner spiral guide groove, and the outer side of the flow control sleeve has an outer guide strip. A drive rope reel is fixedly mounted on the outer side of the flow control sleeve. This invention uses a flow equalization distributor to ensure consistent water flow in each connected water-cooled tube, preventing localized dry burning in some water-cooled furnace tubes due to excessively slow flow velocity, which could lead to overheating and tube rupture.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of steam boiler technology, and more specifically to a header structure for a steam boiler. Background Technology

[0002] The main purpose of the header is to improve boiler efficiency. The drum boiler has gradually developed into the tube boiler to increase the heat transfer area. The boiler water flows from the boiler drum into the lower box through the downcomer, and is distributed by the box to each tube bundle. The water in these tube bundles continuously absorbs heat energy, collects in the upper box, and then flows back into the boiler drum.

[0003] In conventional reciprocating grate boilers, the headers are typically horizontal. Because the grate's combustion surface is inclined, this creates a triangular area. This triangular area lacks cooling protection from boiler water pipes, resulting in extremely high temperatures (800℃). This leads to high heat stress on the furnace walls, shortened lifespan, increased cracking, increased air leakage, and high surface temperature with significant heat dissipation. Chinese patent (publication number: CN119532716A) discloses an inclined header for a reciprocating grate steam boiler, comprising a boiler body, a grate inside the boiler body, and a lower header inclinedly positioned inside the boiler body. The lower header is closely attached to the grate, and multiple water-cooled walls are connected to its outer side wall. Drain pipes are installed on the side wall of the lower header, and a header head is installed at the front end of the lower header. Although this patent also adopts an inclined header design, allowing the lower header to be close to the grate without affecting the main furnace radiant heating area or wasting steel, and the service life of the water-cooled furnace wall is much longer than that of the brick furnace wall, avoiding furnace wall maintenance costs, in actual installation, due to the inclined header design, the water flow will concentrate at the bottom of the header during actual use. This may result in some parts of the header having a stronger water flow and others having a weaker water flow, which may lead to uneven water flow distribution. Especially when flowing into the water-cooled pipes, this causes uneven water flow velocity and distribution inside the water-cooled pipes. At the same time, the required flow restriction effect for each water-cooled pipe corresponding to the inclined header is different in order to achieve equal flow in multiple water-cooled pipes. Since the tilt angle of the header may differ from the design during actual installation, and some water-cooled pipes may need to be partially bent during installation or subsequent maintenance to leave room for the installation of other components, the flow restriction effect inside each water-cooled pipe needs to be adjusted separately during actual installation, resulting in low installation efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a header structure for a steam boiler in order to solve the above problems.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention specifically adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A header structure for a steam boiler includes a reciprocating grate and a side header. The side header is designed to be inclined and close to the top of the reciprocating grate. Several flow distributors are provided on the top of the side header, and water-cooled furnace tubes are installed on the top of the flow distributors.

[0007] The flow distribution device includes a base vertically mounted on the top of the side header. The top of the base is provided with a locking thread. A flow control sleeve is rotatably mounted inside the base. The inner wall of the flow control sleeve is provided with an inner spiral guide groove. An outer guide bar is provided on the outer side of the flow control sleeve. A drive rope disc is fixedly mounted on the outer side of the flow control sleeve. The winding radius of the drive rope disc increases from top to bottom. A locking screw sleeve is sleeved on the outer side of the flow control sleeve. The inner wall of the locking screw sleeve is provided with a guide groove. The outer guide bar is inserted into the guide groove.

[0008] An inner guide shaft is fixedly installed inside the side header. A flow control sleeve is slidably sleeved on the outside of the inner guide shaft. A flow control spiral blade is provided on the outside of the flow control sleeve, and the flow control spiral blade is threadedly connected in the inner spiral guide groove.

[0009] Furthermore, the outer side of the flow control jacket is provided with a sealing protrusion, and the inner wall of the base is provided with a sealing groove, with the sealing protrusion rotating in the sealing groove.

[0010] Furthermore, the top of the flow control jacket is rotatably sealed with a connecting flange, and the bottom of the water-cooled furnace tube is provided with an installation flange.

[0011] Furthermore, the side header is designed horizontally beyond the reciprocating grate portion.

[0012] Furthermore, the outer side of the inner guide shaft is provided with an outer protrusion, and the inner wall of the flow control sleeve is provided with an inner groove, in which the outer protrusion is slidably connected.

[0013] Furthermore, the cross-section of the inner spiral guide groove is semi-circular, and the outer edge of the flow control spiral blade is designed with an arc.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes a pull tube, on which a graduated strip is wound on the drive rope reel, and several wire ropes are simultaneously tied to the pull tube.

[0015] Furthermore, the inner bottom of the side header is provided with a mounting threaded hole, and the bottom end of the inner guide shaft is provided with a threaded joint, which is threadedly connected to the mounting threaded hole.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0017] 1. The reciprocating grate steam boiler of this invention adopts an inclined design for the headers on both sides, which can avoid the large amount of heat loss caused by the grate and headers not fitting together during current use, extend the service life of the boiler furnace wall by more than 1.5 times, increase the boiler heating area by 5%, accelerate the boiler heating speed, reduce the boiler heat loss by 0.1%, reduce the boiler flue gas temperature by 2-5℃, and save 0.2-0.4% of boiler energy.

[0018] 2. The present invention adopts a flow equalization distributor to ensure that the water flow in each connected water-cooled pipe is consistent, and to prevent local dry burning in some water-cooled furnace tubes due to excessively slow flow velocity, which could lead to overheating and tube bursting.

[0019] 3. The flow distribution device of this invention can complete the flow distribution adjustment of all water-cooled furnace tubes at one time, and can adjust the water flow resistance of a single water-cooled furnace tube according to the actual installation environment. It has high installation efficiency and is convenient for later maintenance and adjustment.

[0020] 4. The flow distribution device of this invention uses a spiral flow control plate to control the flow, so that the cooling water is spirally controlled, reducing pressure fluctuations and vibrations caused by uneven flow, and ensuring the stability of the fluid in the side header and water-cooled furnace tube. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the header structure of an existing steam boiler;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the steam boiler header structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the side header structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the flow distribution device of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 This is an exploded view of the flow distribution device of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the flow control jacket structure of the present invention.

[0028] Reference numerals: 1. Reciprocating grate; 2. Side header; 3. Water-cooled furnace tube; 4. Flow distributor; 41. Base; 42. Locking thread; 43. Flow control sleeve; 431. Inner spiral guide groove; 432. Outer guide bar; 433. Sealing protrusion; 44. Connecting flange; 45. Drive rope reel; 46. Locking nut; 47. Inner guide shaft; 48. Flow control sleeve; 49. Flow control spiral blade. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] Example 1, as Figures 1-7 As shown, a header structure for a steam boiler includes a reciprocating grate 1 and a side header 2. The side header 2 is designed to be inclined and close to the top of the reciprocating grate 1. Several flow equalizers 4 are provided on the top of the side header 2, and water-cooled furnace tubes 3 are installed on the top of the flow equalizers 4.

[0031] The flow distribution unit 4 includes a base 41 vertically mounted on the top of the side header 2. The top of the base 41 is provided with a locking thread 42. A flow control sleeve 43 is rotatably mounted inside the base 41. An inner spiral guide groove 431 is opened on the inner wall of the flow control sleeve 43. An outer guide bar 432 is provided on the outer side of the flow control sleeve 43. A drive rope disc 45 is fixedly mounted on the outer side of the flow control sleeve 43. The winding radius of the drive rope disc 45 increases from top to bottom. A locking screw sleeve 46 is sleeved on the outer side of the flow control sleeve 43. A guide groove is opened on the inner wall of the locking screw sleeve 46. The outer guide bar 432 is inserted into the guide groove.

[0032] An inner guide shaft 47 is fixedly installed inside the side header 2. A flow control sleeve 48 is slidably sleeved on the outside of the inner guide shaft 47. A flow control spiral blade 49 is provided on the outside of the flow control sleeve 48. The flow control spiral blade 49 is threadedly connected in the inner spiral guide groove 431.

[0033] Furthermore, it also includes a pull tube, with graduated strips wound on the drive rope reel 45, and several wire ropes tied to the pull tube at the same time.

[0034] The flow distributor 4 is pre-assembled. The base 41 is made by welding a tee. Then, the inner guide shaft 47 is installed. Then, the flow control spiral blade 49 is spiraled into the inner spiral guide groove 431. Finally, the flow control jacket 43 is sealed and installed on the base 41, and the inner guide shaft 47 is slidably sleeved on the inner guide shaft 47 to complete the assembly.

[0035] Install the side header 2 tightly against the reciprocating grate 1. After installation, measure the actual tilt angle of the side header 2. Then, tie all the wire ropes to the same pull pipe. Connections can also be achieved using hanging rings and scrapers. Make the pull pipe parallel to the side header 2 and taut the wire ropes. At this point, based on the measured actual tilt angle of the side header 2 and the pre-calculated tilt angle scale on the coil, pull the pull pipe parallel away from the side header 2. Observe the tilt angle scale on the coil, ensuring all coils are pulled the same distance. However, because the winding radius of the drive rope disc 45 increases sequentially from top to bottom, the drive rope disc will move at the same distance. The rotation angle of the rope disc 45 decreases from top to bottom. That is, with the same linear velocity, the smaller the radius, the greater the angular velocity. The rope disc 45 drives the flow control jacket 43 to rotate. The flow control jacket 43 rotates relative to the flow control spiral blade 49. Under the action of the inner spiral guide groove 431, the flow control spiral blade 49 moves into the side header 2. The flow control spiral blade 49 in the flow control jacket 43 is reduced, and the flow control resistance is reduced. Therefore, from top to bottom, the flow control resistance increases according to the actual tilt angle to eliminate the situation where the water flow velocity is too high at the bottom due to the action of gravity, thereby making the water flow in each water-cooled furnace tube 3 uniform.

[0036] During subsequent maintenance, the flow control effect of a single pipe can be adjusted simply by rotating the corresponding drive rope disc 45, as shown in the attached diagram. Figure 3 As shown, some of the water-cooled furnace tubes 3 are bent, and the required flow control resistance needs to be reduced accordingly.

[0037] This invention employs a spiral blade flow control method to reduce pressure fluctuations and vibrations caused by uneven flow, ensuring fluid stability in the side header and water-cooled furnace tubes. During adjustment, the flow control jacket 43 drives the locking screw sleeve 46 to rotate synchronously via the outer guide bar 432. The locking screw sleeve 46 is threaded onto the locking thread part 42, and the flow control jacket 43 is locked by the self-locking of the small-pitch thread, so that the flow distributor 4 remains stable during actual flow control.

[0038] This invention employs a simple and effective method to achieve flow equalization control of the inclined side header 2. It can be quickly adjusted according to the actual installation environment, resulting in high installation efficiency. Furthermore, during subsequent maintenance or when adding components, the flow equalization control can also be achieved based on the misalignment and bending of the water-cooled furnace tube 3, eliminating the need to replace the flow equalizer separately and reducing subsequent modification costs.

[0039] Based on practical experience and user feedback data.

[0040] 1. Extends the service life of boiler furnace walls by more than 1.5 times;

[0041] 2. The boiler's heating surface area increases by 5%, resulting in a faster boiler heating rate;

[0042] 3. Boiler heat loss is reduced by 0.1%, boiler flue gas temperature can be reduced by 2-5℃, and boiler energy saving is 0.2-0.4%;

[0043] 4. Installation time can be reduced to one-twentieth of the original time, and the steam boiler can be modified in a wider range of ways, reducing modification costs.

[0044] In the second embodiment, based on the above embodiment, a sealing protrusion 433 is provided on the outer side of the flow control jacket 43, and a sealing groove is provided on the inner wall of the base 41. The sealing protrusion 433 rotates in the sealing groove to improve the sealing performance between the flow control jacket 43 and the base 41.

[0045] In embodiment three, based on the above embodiments, the flow control jacket 43 is further provided with a connecting flange 44 that is rotatably sealed on the top, and an installation flange is provided on the bottom of the water-cooled furnace tube 3. With this design, the flow control jacket 43 can be rotated to achieve flow control adjustment without disassembling the water-cooled furnace tube 3.

[0046] Example 4, based on the above examples, further includes a horizontal design for the portion of the side header 2 that extends beyond the reciprocating grate 1, thereby improving the stability of the side header 2.

[0047] Example 5, based on the above examples, further includes an outer protrusion on the outer side of the inner guide shaft 47, an inner groove on the inner wall of the flow control sleeve 48, and the outer protrusion slidingly connected in the inner groove. Through this design, the flow control spiral blade 49 will not rotate relative to the flow control outer sleeve 43, and can rise and fall stably.

[0048] Furthermore, the cross-section of the inner spiral guide groove 431 is semi-circular, and the outer edge of the flow control spiral blade 49 is designed with an arc, which reduces the adjustment resistance and provides a good sealing effect. The flow control spiral blade 49 and the flow control outer jacket 43 have a high degree of sealing.

[0049] Furthermore, the inner bottom of the side header 2 is provided with a mounting threaded hole, and the bottom end of the inner guide shaft 47 is provided with a threaded joint. The threaded joint is threadedly connected in the mounting threaded hole, making it easy to install the inner guide shaft 47.

[0050] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A header structure for a steam boiler, comprising a reciprocating grate (1) and a side header (2), characterized in that, The side header (2) is designed to be inclined close to the top of the reciprocating grate (1). Several flow equalizers (4) are provided on the top of the side header (2), and water-cooled furnace tubes (3) are installed on the top of the flow equalizers (4). The flow distribution device (4) includes a base (41) vertically mounted on the top of the side header (2). The top of the base (41) is provided with a locking thread (42). A flow control sleeve (43) is rotatably mounted inside the base (41). An inner spiral guide groove (431) is opened on the inner wall of the flow control sleeve (43). An outer guide bar (432) is provided on the outer side of the flow control sleeve (43). A drive rope disc (45) is fixedly mounted on the outer side of the flow control sleeve (43). The winding radius of the drive rope disc (45) increases from top to bottom. A locking screw sleeve (46) is sleeved on the outer side of the flow control sleeve (43). A guide groove is opened on the inner wall of the locking screw sleeve (46). The outer guide bar (432) is inserted into the guide groove. An inner guide shaft (47) is fixedly installed inside the side header (2). A flow control sleeve (48) is slidably sleeved on the outside of the inner guide shaft (47). A flow control spiral blade (49) is provided on the outside of the flow control sleeve (48). The flow control spiral blade (49) is threadedly connected in the inner spiral guide groove (431).

2. The header structure of a steam boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer side of the flow control jacket (43) is provided with a sealing protrusion (433), and the inner wall of the base (41) is provided with a sealing groove. The sealing protrusion (433) rotates in the sealing groove.

3. The header structure of a steam boiler according to claim 2, characterized in that, The top of the flow control jacket (43) is sealed and rotatably mounted with a connecting flange (44), and the bottom of the water-cooled furnace tube (3) is provided with an installation flange.

4. The header structure of a steam boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that, The side header (2) is horizontally designed beyond the reciprocating grate (1).

5. The header structure of a steam boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer side of the inner guide shaft (47) is provided with an outer protrusion, and the inner wall of the flow control sleeve (48) is provided with an inner groove, and the outer protrusion is slidably connected in the inner groove.

6. The header structure of a steam boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cross-section of the inner spiral guide groove (431) is semi-circular, and the outer edge of the flow control spiral blade (49) is designed with an arc.

7. The header structure of a steam boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a pull tube, on which a graduated strip is wound on the drive rope reel (45), and several wire ropes are tied to the pull tube at the same time.

8. The header structure of a steam boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner bottom of the side header (2) is provided with a mounting threaded hole, and the bottom end of the inner guide shaft (47) is provided with a threaded joint, which is threadedly connected to the mounting threaded hole.

Images