Blasting vibration reduction method and blasting device for ultra-deep well perforation operation

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses a blasting vibration reduction method for ultra-deep well perforation operation and a blasting device, and relates to the technical field of well perforation completion. The method comprises the following steps: constructing a tubular column vibration dynamic model of a blasting device, and obtaining blasting vibration response data during blasting based on the tubular column vibration dynamic model; the explosion vibration response data represents a perforation parameter and stress wave superposition interference rule; determining an optimal perforation parameter combination based on the tubular column vibration dynamic model and the explosion vibration response data by using an NSGA-II genetic optimization algorithm; the perforation parameter combination at least comprises a detonation delay interval between adjacent blasting bullets; and the blasting device is configured according to the optimal perforation parameter combination, so that after a delayed detonation controller of the blasting device receives a detonation instruction, all blasting bombs in the blasting device are sequentially triggered to detonate according to the detonation delay time interval, the impact vibration of the pipe column can be reduced, and the safety of perforation operation is improved. The method is suitable for the ultra-deep well perforation operation scene.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of deep well perforation and completion technology, and in particular to a blasting vibration reduction method and blasting device for ultra-deep well perforation operations. Background Technology

[0002] As oil and gas exploration and development moves towards deeper depths, ultra-deep well perforation and completion technology has become crucial for ensuring increased oil and gas reserves and production. Statistics show that over 60% of the world's undiscovered oil and gas resources are buried in formations deeper than 4500m, with ultra-deep wells exceeding 8000m facing significant technical challenges. In ultra-deep well perforation operations, due to the extreme environment of downhole temperatures exceeding 200℃ and pressures exceeding 160MPa, traditional perforation techniques, while improving perforation efficiency, often cause severe tubing string vibration, leading to operational failure.

[0003] Studies have shown that the vibration acceleration of the perforation string during traditional perforation operations can reach over 100g, which can lead to deformation, sealing failure, and even fracture in severe cases. Current research on vibration control for perforation strings mainly focuses on passive vibration reduction measures, failing to effectively control the vibration at the source of the explosion energy release. Although delayed detonation technology has been proposed as a potential solution, existing delay devices still have many limitations, especially in setting the delay parameters. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, embodiments of the present invention provide a blasting vibration reduction method and blasting device for ultra-deep well perforation operations, which can reduce the impact vibration of the tubing string and improve the safety of perforation operations.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for blasting vibration reduction in ultra-deep well perforation operations, comprising the steps of: constructing a tubing vibration dynamics model of a blasting device; obtaining explosion vibration response data during blasting based on the tubing vibration dynamics model; the explosion vibration response data characterizing the law of interference between perforation parameters and stress waves; using the NSGA-II genetic optimization algorithm to determine an optimal combination of perforation parameters based on the tubing vibration dynamics model and the explosion vibration response data; the optimal combination of perforation parameters including at least an initiation delay interval between adjacent explosive charges; configuring the blasting device according to the optimal combination of perforation parameters, so that after receiving an initiation command, the time-delay initiation controller of the blasting device sequentially triggers the explosives filled in each explosive charge within the blasting device to detonate according to the initiation delay interval.

[0006] Optionally, the explosion vibration response data during blasting includes: tubing vibration acceleration and stress field distribution data; wherein, constructing a tubing vibration dynamic model of the blasting device, and obtaining the explosion vibration response data during blasting based on the tubing vibration dynamic model, includes: constructing dynamic control equations characterizing the tubing vibration dynamic model based on Timoshenko beam theory and the co-rotation coordinate method; solving the dynamic control equations according to the input initial perforation parameters to obtain the tubing vibration acceleration and stress field distribution data during blasting.

[0007] Optionally, the dynamic control equations include: lateral vibration control equations, rotational dynamic control equations, and explosion load distribution equations; wherein, the lateral vibration control equations are expressed as:

[0008] In the formula, This indicates the material density of the tubular column. This represents the cross-sectional area of ​​the tubular column. Let x represent the lateral displacement function of the tubing, where x represents the axial position coordinate of the tubing, 0≤x≤L, L is the total length of the tubing, and t is the time variable; G represents the shear correction factor, and G represents the material shear modulus. Indicates the cross-sectional rotation angle; Indicates the lateral distribution load of the explosion;

[0009] The control equation for the rotation dynamics is expressed as follows:

[0010] In the formula, The moment of inertia of the column section is represented by E, and the elastic modulus of the material is represented by E. Indicates distributed bending moment; Represents the cross-sectional rotation angle function;

[0011] The explosion load distribution equation is expressed as:

[0012] In the formula, This indicates the peak pressure of a single high-explosive shell explosion; This represents the spatial attenuation coefficient, used to characterize the pressure distribution characteristics along the axial direction of the tubing. Indicates the axial position of the i-th explosive projectile. This represents the detonation delay time of the i-th explosive projectile; This represents the Dirac function, used to characterize the instantaneous nature of explosive loads.

[0013] Optionally, the vibration acceleration of the tubular column obtained by solving is expressed as:

[0014] ;in, The time function representing the vibration acceleration of the tubing is used to characterize the dynamic acceleration response of the tubing in the axial and lateral directions under explosive loads.

[0015] The stress field distribution data is represented as follows:

[0016] ;

[0017] ;

[0018] ( );

[0019] in, Indicates the total stress. Indicates bending stress. Represents shear stress. Indicates bending strain. Let E represent the shear strain, E represent the elastic modulus of the material, and G represent the shear modulus of the material. This represents the shear correction factor.

[0020] Optionally, the step of using the NSGA-II genetic optimization algorithm to determine the optimal perforation parameter combination based on the tubing vibration dynamics model and the explosion vibration response data includes: constructing an objective optimization function with peak vibration acceleration and main crack extension length as dual objectives, wherein the peak vibration acceleration is no greater than 50g and the main crack extension length is no less than 1.5m; using the NSGA-II genetic optimization algorithm framework, randomly generating N sets of perforation parameter combinations, and setting a maximum number of generations G; for each set of parameter combinations, calling the tubing vibration dynamics model to perform numerical simulation, obtaining the tubing vibration acceleration and stress field distribution data corresponding to each set of parameter combinations, and extracting the peak tubing vibration acceleration and main crack extension length as objective function values; iteratively optimizing the generated N sets of perforation parameter combinations based on non-dominated sorting, crowding distance calculation, and genetic operations, and finally determining the optimal perforation parameter combination.

[0021] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention also provide a blasting device for ultra-deep well perforation operations, applied to any of the blasting methods for ultra-deep well perforation operations described in the first aspect above. The blasting device includes: a perforation gun barrel, a delayed detonation controller, explosives, explosive charges, and detonating cord; the perforation gun barrel is a hollow cylindrical structure with openings at both ends, and symmetrical openings are axially spaced on the perforation gun barrel; the explosive charges are disposed in the perforation gun barrel through the openings and are symmetrically arranged radially along the perforation gun barrel; along the perforation... Two explosive projectiles arranged radially symmetrically on the barrel body constitute an explosive projectile group; the explosive projectile groups are distributed at intervals along the axial direction of the perforation barrel body, and adjacent explosive projectile groups are arranged at a predetermined phase angle; the explosive is filled in the explosive projectile; the detonating cord is arranged along the axial direction of the perforation barrel body on the center line connecting all the explosive projectile groups; a time-delay detonation controller is respectively provided between each perforation projectile and the detonating cord, and the time-delay detonation controller has a detonation delay interval inside, which is used to delay the detonation of the explosive filled in the explosive projectile.

[0022] Optionally, a fixing member is provided at the contact point between the opening structure and the explosive projectile, and the explosive projectile is fixedly installed inside the firing barrel body by the fixing member.

[0023] Optionally, it also includes: a multimodal detection module for real-time acquisition of explosion vibration response data generated during blasting; the multimodal detection module includes: a distributed optical fiber sensor and a high-frequency accelerometer; wherein, the distributed optical fiber sensor is arranged along the axial direction of the perforation gun barrel for monitoring stress field distribution data; the high-frequency accelerometer is deployed on some nodes of the perforation gun barrel for acquiring vibration acceleration data generated during blasting.

[0024] Optionally, the delayed detonation controller includes a timing control module, a detonation drive module, and an anti-interference module; the timing control module is used to receive an external detonation command and generate a delayed detonation trigger signal according to a preset delayed detonation interval, which is then transmitted to the detonation drive module; the detonation drive module is connected to the timing control module and is used to receive the delayed detonation trigger signal and convert it into a high-energy detonation pulse to trigger the detonation of the explosive filling the explosive shell; the anti-interference module is used to suppress interference during the transmission of the detonation command and the delayed detonation trigger signal.

[0025] Optionally, the housing of the time-delay detonation controller is made of galvanized steel plate, and the modules inside the time-delay detonation controller are shielded.

[0026] This invention provides a blasting vibration reduction method and blasting device for ultra-deep well perforation operations. Based on the law of stress wave superposition interference, a tubing vibration dynamics model is established for simulation. The NSGA-II genetic optimization algorithm is used to obtain the optimal perforation parameters that can reduce vibration. The blasting device is configured according to the optimal perforation parameter combination, so that after receiving the detonation command, the delayed detonation controller of the blasting device triggers the explosive charges in the blasting device sequentially according to the detonation delay interval. In this way, by precisely controlling the detonation sequence of the explosive charges, the time-domain optimization superposition of the explosive load is achieved by utilizing the stress wave interference superposition principle, thereby significantly reducing the impact vibration of the tubing and improving the safety of perforation operations. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a blasting vibration reduction method for ultra-deep well perforation operations provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating step S110 of a blasting vibration reduction method for ultra-deep well perforation operations provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a blasting device architecture for ultra-deep well perforation operations provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a blasting device for ultra-deep well perforation operations provided in an embodiment of the present invention during blasting.

[0032] Figure 5 This is a horizontal cross-sectional view of a blasting device for ultra-deep well perforation operations provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 This is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a blasting device for ultra-deep well perforation operations provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 7 A longitudinal cross-sectional view of a blasting device for ultra-deep well perforation operations provided in another embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a delayed detonator architecture provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0037] It should be understood that the described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] In the existing technology, although delayed detonation technology has been proposed as a vibration reduction solution, the existing delayed drilling structure is complex, and the setting of delay parameters lacks sufficient theoretical guidance, failing to utilize the stress wave interference superposition effect.

[0039] This invention proposes a precise timing-based blasting vibration reduction method. Based on the stress wave interference superposition effect, it sets a precise detonation delay interval to control the detonation sequence of multiple explosive shells with high precision. This causes the stress waves generated by each explosive shell to form a specific phase difference as they propagate in the perforation gun barrel. When the wave crests and troughs meet, the overall vibration energy is reduced through destructive interference. Furthermore, when the wave crests superimpose, the instantaneous impact load is reduced through spatiotemporal energy dispersion, thereby improving the safety and reliability of perforation operations.

[0040] See Figure 1 As shown, the blasting vibration reduction method provided in this embodiment of the invention includes the following steps:

[0041] S110. Construct a tubular vibration dynamic model of the blasting device, and obtain explosion vibration response data during blasting based on the tubular vibration dynamic model; the explosion vibration response data characterizes the law of interference between perforation parameters and stress wave superposition.

[0042] In this step, when setting the delay parameters based on the stress wave interference superposition effect, in order to obtain accurate delay parameters, this embodiment of the invention constructs a pipe column vibration dynamics model of the blasting device to describe the nonlinear vibration response behavior of the pipe column under multi-point delayed blasting load. Data simulation is performed through the pipe column vibration dynamics model to obtain waveform data during blasting, thereby obtaining the law of parameter influence on waveform, which facilitates the determination of accurate delay parameters based on the stress wave interference superposition effect. At the same time, the data generated by the pipe column vibration dynamics model simulation is highly consistent with the actual perforation excitation form and pipe column structural characteristics, providing a theoretical basis for subsequent delay parameter optimization and field test verification.

[0043] S120. Using the NSGA-II genetic optimization algorithm, determine the optimal perforation parameter combination based on the tubing vibration dynamics model and the explosion vibration response data; the optimal perforation parameter combination includes at least the detonation delay interval between adjacent explosive charges.

[0044] In this step, based on a multi-parameter collaborative optimization mechanism, the NSGA-II genetic optimization algorithm is used to optimize the perforation parameter combination that affects the blasting effect, obtaining the optimal perforation parameter combination. The perforation parameters are key technical indicators affecting the blasting effect, well productivity, and downhole safety after underground perforation operations using explosive projectiles (such as perforating projectiles). These include the geometric parameters of the explosive projectiles, such as hole density, hole diameter, and phase angle. Hole density refers to the number of explosive projectiles fired per meter, hole diameter refers to the diameter of the explosive projectile, and phase angle refers to the angle at which the explosive projectiles are distributed. Other parameters include explosive projectile performance parameters, such as charge quantity, and perforation operation process parameters, such as detonation sequence. In this embodiment of the invention, detonation sequence, hole density, and phase angle are selected as the perforation parameter combination for optimization to improve the blasting effect. Specifically, the perforation parameter combination in this embodiment includes the detonation delay interval between adjacent explosive projectiles, the phase angle between adjacent explosive projectile groups (in this embodiment, two explosive projectiles symmetrically arranged in the same plane constitute one explosive projectile group), and the explosive projectile density in the blasting device. The explosive projectile in this embodiment is used for perforation operations and can be a perforation projectile, a shaped charge cutter, or a shaped charge perforation projectile, etc.

[0045] S130. Configure the blasting device according to the optimal perforation parameter combination, so that after receiving the detonation command, the time-delay detonation controller of the blasting device will sequentially trigger the explosives filled in each explosive shell in the blasting device to detonate according to the detonation delay interval.

[0046] In this step, the blasting device is configured based on the optimal perforation parameter combination obtained in steps S110 and S120. The explosive projectiles are deployed according to the explosive projectile density and the phase angle between adjacent explosive projectile groups. The detonation delay interval is written into the delay detonation controller in the blasting device, and the explosives filled in the explosive projectiles are detonated sequentially according to the detonation delay interval.

[0047] After step S130, the method further includes: monitoring the entire perforation process in real time by using distributed fiber optic sensors and high-frequency accelerometers deployed in the blasting device to obtain vibration reduction indicators, and comparing them with the vibration reduction indicators obtained by the control group using the traditional perforation blasting method. The vibration reduction indicators may include data such as peak vibration acceleration, sealing pressure, and main crack extension length.

[0048] The blasting vibration reduction method provided in this embodiment is based on the law of stress wave superposition interference. It establishes a dynamic model of the tubing vibration for simulation and uses the NSGA-II (Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithms) genetic optimization algorithm to obtain the optimal perforation parameters that reduce vibration. The blasting device is configured according to the optimal perforation parameter combination, so that after receiving the detonation command, the delayed detonation controller of the blasting device sequentially triggers the explosives filled in each explosive shell according to the detonation delay interval. In this way, by precisely controlling the detonation sequence of multiple explosive shells, the temporal optimization superposition of the explosive load is achieved using the principle of stress wave interference superposition, thereby significantly reducing the peak vibration of the tubing and improving the safety and reliability of perforation operations.

[0049] Optionally, in some embodiments, in step S110, the explosion vibration response data during blasting includes: tubular vibration acceleration and stress field distribution data;

[0050] Among them, see Figure 2 As shown, step S110 constructs a string vibration dynamic model of the blasting device, and obtains explosion vibration response data during blasting based on the string vibration dynamic model, including:

[0051] S111. Based on Timoshenko beam theory and the co-rotation coordinate method, construct the dynamic control equations characterizing the vibration dynamics model of the tubular column;

[0052] S113. Solve the dynamic control equations based on the input initial perforation parameters to obtain the vibration acceleration and stress field distribution data of the tubing during blasting.

[0053] Specifically, in order to obtain the dynamic characteristics of the perforating gun barrel of the blasting device, finite element software was used to perform vibration modeling and simulation calculations of the barrel structure as a co-rotating beam barrel. First, the geometric dimensions, material properties, and perforation hydraulic pressure amplitude of the barrel were determined before modeling. Among them, the geometric dimensions include the length L, outer diameter D, and wall thickness h of the perforating gun barrel; the material properties include the elastic modulus E, density ρ, and damping coefficient η.

[0054] Furthermore, in establishing the dynamic control equations characterizing the vibration dynamics of the tubing, and solving the dynamic control equations based on the input initial perforation parameters to obtain the data on the vibration acceleration and stress field distribution of the tubing during blasting, the steps include:

[0055] Step 1: Model the beam based on Timoshenko beam theory;

[0056] Step 1.1: Define the displacement field and strain relationship: Set the lateral displacement and cross section rotation angle The lateral displacement direction is perpendicular to the axis of the tubular column.

[0057] Step 1.2: Considering shear deformation and rotational inertia, the transverse vibration control equation, the rotational dynamic control equation, and the explosive load distribution equation are obtained to describe the nonlinear vibration response behavior of the tubing under multi-point delayed blasting loads; among them, the transverse vibration control equation is expressed as:

[0058] ;

[0059] In the formula, This indicates the material density of the tubular column. This represents the cross-sectional area of ​​the tubular column. Let x represent the lateral displacement function of the tubing, where x represents the axial position coordinate of the tubing, 0≤x≤L, L is the total length of the tubing, and t is the time variable; G represents the shear correction factor, and G represents the material shear modulus. Indicates the cross-sectional rotation angle; Indicates the lateral distribution load of the explosion;

[0060] The governing equations for rotational dynamics are expressed as follows:

[0061] In the formula, The moment of inertia of the column section is represented by E, and the elastic modulus of the material is represented by E. Indicates distributed bending moment; Represents the cross-sectional rotation angle function;

[0062] The explosion load distribution equation is expressed as:

[0063] In the formula, This indicates the peak pressure of a single high-explosive shell explosion; This represents the spatial attenuation coefficient, used to characterize the pressure distribution characteristics along the axial direction of the tubing. Indicates the axial position of the i-th explosive projectile. This represents the detonation delay time of the i-th explosive projectile; The Dirac function (Dirac delta function) is used to characterize the instantaneous nature of explosive loads.

[0064] Step 1.3: Discretize it into a finite element model and generate the element stiffness matrix K. e and mass matrix M e ;

[0065] Wherein, the stiffness matrix K e Represented as:

[0066] ;

[0067] In the formula, For unit length, It is a corner-shaped function matrix. Let E be the shape function matrix for lateral displacement, and E represent the elastic modulus of the material. The moment of inertia of the tubular section is represented by the inertia of the tubular section. G represents the shear correction factor, and G represents the material shear modulus. This indicates the cross-sectional area of ​​the tubular column;

[0068] Mass matrix M e Represented as:

[0069] In the formula, This indicates the material density of the tubular column. This represents the cross-sectional area of ​​the tubular column. D is the outer diameter, and h is the wall thickness; The moment of inertia of the tubular section is represented by the inertia of the tubular section. ; It is a corner-shaped function matrix. It is the matrix of lateral displacement shape functions.

[0070] Step 2: Define a local coordinate system for each element using the co-rotation coordinate method.

[0071] Step 2.1: Define the global coordinate system and the local co-rotating coordinate system:

[0072] Global coordinate system (X,Y): A fixed reference system that describes the overall motion of the tubing (e.g., the direction of the cylinder axis).

[0073] Locally co-rotating coordinate system (x', y'): The origin is located at the node of the beam element, and the x' axis is always aligned with the tangent direction after element deformation; coordinate transformation is achieved through rotation matrix R.

[0074] , In the formula, The angle represents the rotation of the local coordinate system.

[0075] Step 2.2: Decouple rigid body motion and deformation using rotation matrix R: Perform total displacement decomposition:

[0076] In the formula, For rigid body displacement, described by global coordinates; For local deformation, the dynamic governing equations of the Timoshenko beam are used for calculation in the local coordinate system. This represents the displacement of the pipe node in the global coordinate system.

[0077] Step 3: Apply explosive load: Based on the initial perforation parameters, such as the detonation delay interval between adjacent explosive charges. Generate periodic loads:

[0078] In the formula, This indicates the peak pressure of a single high-explosive shell explosion; This represents the spatial attenuation coefficient, used to characterize the pressure distribution characteristics along the axial direction of the tubing. Indicates the axial position of the i-th explosive projectile. This represents the detonation delay time of the i-th explosive projectile; This represents the Dirac function, used to characterize the instantaneous nature of explosive loads;

[0079] It should be noted that when applying explosive loads, perforation parameters can be applied individually for specific analysis, or all perforation parameters can be applied. The initial perforation parameters (the perforation parameter combination includes the detonation delay interval between adjacent explosive charges) should be considered. Phase angle between adjacent explosive charge groups When the density n of the explosive charges in the blasting device is fully applied, the explosive load is expressed as:

[0080] ;

[0081] In the formula, This represents the peak pressure of a single explosive charge, where n represents the density of the explosive charge in the blasting device. This indicates the phase angle between adjacent explosive charge groups. Indicates the detonation delay interval between adjacent explosive charges. Indicates stress wave velocity, E represents the elastic modulus of the material. This indicates the material density of the tubular column.

[0082] Step 4: Utilize HHT- The numerical solution method was used to obtain the vibration acceleration of the tubing during blasting. and stress field distribution data ;

[0083] The vibration acceleration of the tubular column obtained by the solution is expressed as:

[0084] ;in, The time function representing the vibration acceleration of the tubing is used to characterize the dynamic acceleration response of the tubing in the axial and lateral directions under explosive loads; v(x,t) represents the lateral displacement.

[0085] The stress field distribution data is represented as follows:

[0086] ;

[0087] ;

[0088] G( );

[0089] in, Indicates the total stress. Indicates bending stress. Represents shear stress. Indicates bending strain. Let E represent the shear strain, E represent the elastic modulus of the material, and G represent the shear modulus of the material. This represents the shear correction factor.

[0090] Step 4.1 Obtain the peak vibration acceleration max(|a(t)|) based on the tubing vibration acceleration; obtain the main crack extension length based on the stress field distribution data. :

[0091] in, ;

[0092] In the formula, This represents dynamic stress field distribution data. H(·) represents the material fracture threshold stress, and H(·) represents the Heaviside step function. ≥ (T is set to 1 if the simulation is successful, otherwise it is set to 0), T represents the total simulation duration, and L represents the length of the tubing.

[0093] Optionally, in some embodiments, step S120, using the NSGA-II genetic optimization algorithm to determine the optimal perforation parameter combination based on the tubing vibration dynamics model and the explosion vibration response data, includes:

[0094] Construct a target optimization function with the peak vibration acceleration and the main crack extension length as dual objectives, wherein the peak vibration acceleration is no greater than 50g and the main crack extension length is no less than 1.5m;

[0095] The NSGA-II genetic optimization algorithm framework is adopted to randomly generate N sets of perforation parameter combinations and set the maximum number of generations G.

[0096] For each set of parameters, the vibration dynamics model of the tubing column is called to perform numerical simulation, and the vibration acceleration and stress field distribution data of the tubing column corresponding to each set of parameters are obtained. The peak value of the vibration acceleration of the tubing column and the extension length of the main crack are extracted as the objective function value.

[0097] The generated N sets of perforation parameter combinations are iteratively optimized based on non-dominated sorting, crowding distance calculation, and genetic operations, and finally the optimal perforation parameter combination that satisfies the objective optimization function is output.

[0098] In this embodiment, the tubular vibration dynamics model in step S110 provides a database of perforation parameters and corresponding explosion vibration response data. Iterative optimization is performed using the NSGA-II genetic optimization algorithm in step S120 to determine the optimal combination of perforation parameters (the detonation delay interval between adjacent explosive charges). Phase angle between adjacent explosive charge groups And the density n of the explosive charge in the blasting device.

[0099] Specifically, the optimization objectives and constraints are constructed as follows: An objective optimization function is constructed with the peak vibration acceleration and the main crack extension length as dual objectives, where the peak vibration acceleration is no greater than 50g and the main crack extension length is no less than 1.5m, expressed as:

[0100] max(|a(t)|)≤50g;

[0101] ≥1.5m;

[0102] Constraints: Feasible region for perforation parameters, such as the detonation delay interval between adjacent high-explosive shells. ∈[5,25]ms, the phase angle between adjacent explosive charge groups ∈[0°,180°], the density of explosive shells in the blasting device is n∈[8,16] holes / m.

[0103] The NSGA-II genetic optimization algorithm is used to optimize parameters and obtain the optimal perforation parameter combination. N sets of perforation parameter combinations are randomly generated based on the set feasible region, with a maximum evolutionary generation G. For example, with 100 sets of perforation parameter combinations, the evolutionary generation is 200, and the crossover probability is set to 0.8, with a crossover probability of 0.1 for iterative optimization. For each parameter combination, a tubing vibration dynamics model is used for numerical simulation. The resulting tubing vibration acceleration and stress field distribution data are extracted, and the peak value of the tubing vibration acceleration and the main crack extension length are used as objective function values ​​for subsequent non-dominated sorting. Parameter combinations that do not meet the objectives are marked as infeasible solutions. Sorting and selection are performed based on non-dominated sorting, and the solution set is graded according to the Pareto front, prioritizing solutions that simultaneously satisfy both objectives. Crowding distance calculations are used to ensure the diversity of the solution set. Iterative optimization is performed based on genetic operations, ultimately outputting the optimal perforation parameter combination that satisfies a peak vibration acceleration of no more than 50g and a main crack extension length of no less than 1.5m. The detonation delay interval between adjacent explosive charges is also considered. =15ms, phase angle between adjacent explosive charge groups =90° and the density of the explosive shells in the blasting device n=12 holes / m.

[0104] In some embodiments, after determining the optimal perforation parameters, field results are verified.

[0105] Specifically, the detonation delay interval is written into the EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory) of each delay detonator in the blasting device via a programmer. Each delay detonator is set with a different delay value: for example... 1 = 0ms 2 = 15ms 3 = 30ms, ... 12 =165ms;

[0106] Explosive projectiles are deployed in the perforation barrel of the explosive device, according to the projectile density n=12 perforations / m and the phase angle between adjacent projectile groups. The deployment angle is 90°, meaning 6 groups of explosive projectiles are deployed, with a 90° phase angle between each group. For example, when using perforating projectiles as explosive projectiles, 6 groups are deployed at intervals along the axial direction of the perforating gun barrel, with 2 projectiles in each group, symmetrically arranged in the same plane. That is, the phase angle between the two projectiles in each group is 180°, and the phase angle between each group is 90°. Alternatively, when using shaped charge cutters as explosive projectiles, 6 groups are deployed at intervals along the axial direction of the perforating gun barrel, with 2 projectiles in each group, symmetrically arranged in the same plane. That is, the phase angle between the two cutters in each group is 180°, and the phase angle between each group is 90°. Or, when using both cutters and perforating projectiles as explosive projectiles, the number of perforating projectile groups and cutter groups can be limited according to actual needs, which will not be elaborated here. After deployment, the main controller first sends a preparation command. After confirming that all controllers are in normal condition, it sends a unified detonation command. Upon receiving the command, each controller triggers the explosive charges to detonate sequentially according to a preset timing sequence. By using distributed fiber optic sensors and high-frequency accelerometers deployed in the blasting device to monitor the entire perforation process in real time, field test results show that the precise timing blasting vibration reduction structure and method of this invention can reduce the peak vibration acceleration of the perforation string by 52.6%, significantly improving the safety and reliability of perforation operations.

[0107] Example 2

[0108] This invention also provides a blasting device for ultra-deep well perforation operations, see below. Figures 3-7 As shown, the blasting device includes: a perforating gun barrel 1, a delayed detonation controller 2, explosives 3, blasting projectiles 4, and a detonating cord 5; the perforating gun barrel 1 is a hollow cylindrical structure with openings at both ends, and symmetrical opening structures 6 are axially spaced on the perforating gun barrel 1; the blasting projectiles 4 are disposed on the perforating gun barrel 1 through the opening structures 6, and are symmetrically arranged radially along the perforating gun barrel 1; two blasting projectiles 4 arranged symmetrically radially along the perforating gun barrel 1 constitute a blasting projectile group; the blasting projectile group The explosive projectile groups are spaced apart along the axial direction of the perforation gun barrel 1 and are arranged at a predetermined phase angle between adjacent groups; the explosive 4 is filled in the explosive projectile 4; the detonating cord 5 is arranged along the axial direction of the perforation gun barrel 1 on the center line connecting all the explosive projectile groups; a time-delay detonation controller 2 is respectively provided between each explosive projectile 4 and the detonating cord 5, and the time-delay detonation controller 2 is provided with a detonation delay interval inside, which is used to delay the detonation of the explosive 3 filled in the explosive projectile 4.

[0109] Optionally, a fixing member is provided at the contact point between the opening structure 6 and the explosive projectile 4, and the explosive projectile is fixedly disposed inside the firing barrel by the fixing member. See Figure 3 As shown, the opening structure 6 on the perforating gun barrel is adapted to the selected explosive projectile. For example, when a perforating projectile is selected, a circular opening structure is opened, and a fixing component, such as a locking device, is set at the opening structure. Alternatively, the perforating projectile can be fixed inside the perforating gun barrel by casting. When a cutter is used, a 90° opening structure is opened on the perforating gun barrel to fix the cutter inside the perforating gun barrel.

[0110] In some embodiments, when the opening structure is made according to the size of the explosive shell, no fasteners are required, and the explosive shell can be directly fixed in the opening structure. The specific settings can be made according to the blasting requirements, and will not be elaborated here.

[0111] For details, please refer to Figures 3-7As shown, the blasting device takes one section of the perforating gun barrel as an example, and the blasting projectiles take the perforating projectiles and cutters as examples. It includes a perforating gun barrel 1, in which a cutter 41 and a blasting projectile in the form of a perforating projectile 42 are installed. In this embodiment, two sets of cutters 41 are arranged, with two cutters 41 in each set arranged symmetrically. The two sets of cutters 41 are respectively set at the top and bottom of the perforating gun barrel 1. Four sets of perforating projectiles 42 are arranged, with two perforating projectiles 42 in each set. The two perforating projectiles 42 in each set are also arranged symmetrically. Each set of perforating projectiles is set between two sets of cutter sets, and each set of blasting projectiles is set with a phase angle of 90°. The detonating cord 5 is axially arranged along the center line of all the explosive charge groups on the perforating gun barrel 1. A delayed detonation controller 2 is installed between each explosive charge 4 (perforating charge 41 and cutter 42) and the detonating cord 5. The delayed detonation controller 2 has an internal detonation delay interval to delay the detonation of the explosive charge 3 filled in the explosive charge 4. In actual use, each perforating gun section is 1 meter long, and the sections can be connected using connectors to achieve the required length.

[0112] It should be noted that the cutter 41 and the perforating projectile 42 serve as two different forms of the explosive projectile 4 to perform the perforation operation. Taking the perforating projectile structure as an example, the perforating projectile 42 structure includes a casing 7, explosive 3, a shaped charge liner 8, and a detonation hole 9. (See attached diagram.) Figure 7 As shown, the perforating projectile 42 in this embodiment is externally equipped with a shell 7 and internally filled with explosive 3. A shaped charge liner 8 is provided outside the explosive 3, and the detonation port 9 is located at the tail of the projectile structure. The shell is mostly made of steel and is required to have pressure resistance. The explosive is the energy source for forming the shaped charge jet, usually a high-energy solid explosive. The shaped charge liner is used to generate a jet beam after the explosive is detonated and compressed. The detonation port is used to connect the detonating cord 5 and the delayed detonation device 2 to receive the detonation wave. Specifically, the perforating projectile 42 utilizes the detonation wave of the explosive 3 that is filled inside to converge energy along the direction of the conical shaped charge liner, forming a metal jet with a diameter of about 5 mm and a velocity of 8000 m / s under high temperature and high pressure. Figure 4 The cone-shaped shock wave generated after the perforating projectile 42 explodes impacts the surrounding rock mass and penetrates it.

[0113] The cutter 41 has the same structure as the perforating projectile, and its structure also includes a casing 7, explosive 3, shaped charge liner 8, and detonation port 9. For details, please refer to [link / reference]. Figures 5-6 As shown, the cutter 41 is installed inside the perforating gun barrel 1, and the cutter 41 is equipped with a shell 7. Explosive 3 is installed inside the cutter 41, and a shaped charge liner 8 is installed outside the explosive 3. The detonation port 9 is located at the tail of the projectile structure. The shell is mostly made of steel. When the cutter detonates, the detonation wave generated by the explosive 3 inside is concentrated through the shaped charge liner 7. During the explosion, the shaped charge liner 7 is compressed by the high-pressure detonation wave to form a jet of metallic fluid. Figure 4The fan-shaped shock wave generated after the cutter 41 in the diagram explodes directly acts on the surrounding rock mass, cutting the surrounding rock mass through impact and compression.

[0114] In some embodiments, the cutter can also be arranged in a circumferential manner, and when the explosive detonates, it is compressed by the high-pressure detonation wave to form a ring-shaped jet of molten metal that acts directly on the surrounding rock mass, cutting the surrounding rock mass through impact and compression, thereby improving blasting efficiency.

[0115] Optionally, in some embodiments, the blasting device further includes: a multi-modal detection module for real-time acquisition of explosion vibration response data generated during blasting; the multi-modal detection module includes: a distributed optical fiber sensor and a high-frequency accelerometer; wherein, the distributed optical fiber sensor is arranged along the axial direction of the perforating gun barrel for monitoring stress field distribution data; the high-frequency accelerometer is deployed on some nodes of the perforating gun barrel for acquiring vibration acceleration data generated during blasting.

[0116] Optionally, in some embodiments, see Figure 7 As shown, the delayed detonation controller 2 includes a timing control module 21, a detonation drive module 22, and an anti-interference module 23. The timing control module 21 is used to receive external detonation commands and generate delayed detonation trigger signals according to preset delayed detonation intervals, which are then transmitted to the detonation drive module 22. The detonation drive module 22 is connected to the timing control module 21 and is used to receive the delayed detonation trigger signals and convert them into high-energy detonation pulses to trigger the detonation of the explosives filled in the cutter and the perforating projectile. The anti-interference module 23 is used to suppress interference during the transmission of the detonation commands and the delayed detonation trigger signals.

[0117] In this embodiment, see Figure 8 As shown, the timing control module 21 includes: a main control unit: using an STM32L433 low-power microcontroller, responsible for delay timing and trigger logic control; a clock unit: integrating a DS3231 temperature-compensated clock chip, with a clock accuracy better than 0.1ms / day; a storage unit: configured with an AT24C02 EEPROM chip to store preset delay parameters; and a communication unit: including signal input and signal output terminals, which remotely configures delay parameters via RS485 and supports status monitoring and data feedback.

[0118] See Figure 6 As shown, the detonation drive module 22 includes: a drive circuit using an IRF640N power MOSFET with a drive capability of 2A / 400V; an energy storage unit with a built-in 100μF / 100V supercapacitor to ensure transient energy supply; and a protection circuit integrating overcurrent, overvoltage, and short-circuit protection functions.

[0119] See Figure 7 As shown, the anti-interference protection module 23 includes: a power supply filtering structure: employing a π-type LC filter to suppress conducted interference; a signal isolation structure: configuring a 6N137 opto-isolator to block common-mode interference. It also includes a transient suppression structure: all I / O interfaces are connected in series with TVS diodes (transient voltage suppressor diodes).

[0120] Optionally, in some embodiments, the housing of the time-delay detonation controller 2 is made of galvanized steel plate, and the modules inside the time-delay detonation controller are shielded. Specifically, the housing of the time-delay detonation controller is made of 1mm galvanized steel plate, and the internal circuit is partitioned and shielded to shield noise signals between modules.

[0121] Example 3

[0122] In a well at a depth of 8200m, the blasting device and blasting vibration reduction method for ultra-deep well perforation operations provided in this embodiment of the invention are used. A cutter and perforating projectiles are deployed in the perforation gun barrel of the blasting device, according to a density n=12 holes / m and a phase angle between adjacent perforating projectiles. The deployment angle is 90°, meaning 6 sets of explosive projectiles are deployed, with 2 projectiles in each set. One set of cutters is placed symmetrically above and below each set of cutters, and 4 sets of perforating projectiles are placed symmetrically between the two sets of cutters. The phase angle between each set of explosive projectiles is set to 90°. The detonation interval is set to 15ms in the detonation delay controller. According to the actual measured results, the vibration acceleration of the tube column decreased from 100g to 47g, and the success rate of the blasting operation increased from 60% to 92%.

[0123] Furthermore, simulation results show that the main crack extension length can be increased to 1.8m using the method of the present invention, which is 40% higher than that of the traditional process, thus verifying the effectiveness and engineering applicability of the present invention.

[0124] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0125] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a related manner. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments.

[0126] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above methods. The storage medium can be a magnetic disk, optical disk, read-only memory (ROM), or random access memory (RAM), etc.

[0127] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for vibration reduction through blasting in ultra-deep well perforation operations, characterized in that, include: A dynamic model of the tubular vibration of the blasting device is constructed, and the explosion vibration response data during blasting is obtained based on the model. The explosion vibration response data characterizes the law of interference between the perforation parameters and the superposition of stress waves. The optimal perforation parameter combination is determined using the NSGA-II genetic optimization algorithm based on the tubing vibration dynamics model and the explosion vibration response data; the optimal perforation parameter combination includes at least the detonation delay interval between adjacent explosive charges. The blasting device is configured according to the optimal perforation parameter combination so that, after receiving the detonation command, the time-delay detonation controller of the blasting device sequentially triggers the explosives filled in each explosive shell in the blasting device to detonate according to the detonation delay interval.

2. The blasting vibration reduction method for ultra-deep well perforation operations according to claim 1, characterized in that, The explosion vibration response data during the blasting includes: tubular vibration acceleration and stress field distribution data; The process includes constructing a tubular vibration dynamic model of the blasting device, and obtaining explosion vibration response data during blasting based on the tubular vibration dynamic model, including: Dynamic governing equations characterizing the vibration dynamics of the tubular column were constructed based on Timoshenko beam theory and the co-rotation coordinate method. The dynamic control equations are solved based on the input initial perforation parameters to obtain the data on the vibration acceleration and stress field distribution of the tubing during blasting.

3. The blasting vibration reduction method for ultra-deep well perforation operations according to claim 2, characterized in that, The dynamic control equations include: lateral vibration control equation, rotation dynamic control equation, and explosion load distribution equation; Among them, the transverse vibration control equation is: In the formula, This indicates the material density of the tubular column. This represents the cross-sectional area of ​​the tubular column. Let x represent the lateral displacement function of the tubing, where x represents the axial position coordinate of the tubing, 0≤x≤L, L is the total length of the tubing, and t is the time variable; G represents the shear correction factor, and G represents the material shear modulus. Indicates the cross-sectional rotation angle; Indicates the lateral distribution load of the explosion; The governing equations for rotational dynamics are: In the formula, The moment of inertia of the column section is represented by E, and the elastic modulus of the material is represented by E. Indicates distributed bending moment; Represents the cross-sectional rotation angle function; The explosion load distribution equation is: In the formula, This indicates the peak pressure of a single high-explosive shell explosion; This represents the spatial attenuation coefficient, used to characterize the pressure distribution characteristics along the axial direction of the tubing. Indicates the axial position of the i-th explosive projectile. This represents the detonation delay time of the i-th explosive projectile; This represents the Dirac function, used to characterize the instantaneous nature of explosive loads.

4. The blasting vibration reduction method for ultra-deep well perforation operations according to claim 2, characterized in that, The vibration acceleration of the tubular column obtained by the solution is expressed as: ;in, The time function representing the vibration acceleration of the tubing is used to characterize the dynamic acceleration response of the tubing in the axial and lateral directions under explosive loads. The stress field distribution data is represented as follows: ； ； ( )； in, Indicates the total stress. Indicates bending stress. Represents shear stress. Indicates bending strain. Let E represent the shear strain, E represent the elastic modulus of the material, and G represent the shear modulus of the material. This represents the shear correction factor.

5. The blasting vibration reduction method for ultra-deep well perforation operations according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of determining the optimal perforation parameter combination based on the tubing vibration dynamics model and the explosion vibration response data using the NSGA-II genetic optimization algorithm includes: Construct a target optimization function with the peak vibration acceleration and the main crack extension length as dual objectives, wherein the peak vibration acceleration is no greater than 50g and the main crack extension length is no less than 1.5m; The NSGA-II genetic optimization algorithm framework is adopted to randomly generate N sets of perforation parameter combinations and set the maximum number of generations G. For each set of parameters, the vibration dynamics model of the tubing column is called to perform numerical simulation, and the vibration acceleration and stress field distribution data of the tubing column corresponding to each set of parameters are obtained. The peak value of the vibration acceleration of the tubing column and the extension length of the main crack are extracted as the objective function value. The generated N sets of perforation parameter combinations are iteratively optimized based on non-dominated sorting, crowding distance calculation, and genetic operations, and the optimal perforation parameter combination is finally determined.

6. A blasting device for ultra-deep well perforation operations, characterized in that, The blasting method for ultra-deep well perforation operations as described in claims 1-5, wherein the blasting device comprises: Perforating gun barrel, delayed detonation controller, explosives, explosive charges and detonating cord; The perforating gun barrel is a hollow cylindrical structure with openings at both ends, and the perforating gun barrel is provided with symmetrical openings spaced axially. The explosive projectiles are disposed on the perforating gun barrel body through the perforation structure and are symmetrically arranged radially along the perforating gun barrel body; two explosive projectiles symmetrically arranged radially along the perforating gun barrel body constitute an explosive projectile group; the explosive projectile groups are distributed at intervals along the axial direction of the perforating gun barrel body and adjacent explosive projectile groups are arranged at a predetermined phase angle. The explosive is filled into the explosive shell; The detonating cord is arranged along the axial direction of the perforation gun barrel on the center line connecting all the explosive charge groups; Each of the perforating projectiles and the detonating cord is provided with a time-delay detonation controller. The time-delay detonation controller has a detonation delay interval inside, which is used to delay the detonation of the explosive filling the explosive projectile.

7. The blasting device for ultra-deep well perforation operations according to claim 6, characterized in that, A fixing member is provided at the contact point between the opening structure and the explosive projectile, and the explosive projectile is fixedly installed inside the firing barrel body by the fixing member.

8. The blasting device for ultra-deep well perforation operations according to claim 6, characterized in that, Also includes: The multimodal detection module is used to collect explosion vibration response data generated during blasting in real time; The multimodal detection module includes a distributed optical fiber sensor and a high-frequency accelerometer; wherein, the distributed optical fiber sensor is arranged along the axial direction of the perforation gun barrel to monitor stress field distribution data; the high-frequency accelerometer is deployed on some nodes of the perforation gun barrel to collect vibration acceleration data generated during blasting.

9. The blasting device for ultra-deep well perforation operations according to claim 6, characterized in that, The delayed detonation controller includes a timing control module, a detonation drive module, and an anti-interference module; The timing control module is used to receive external detonation commands and generate delayed detonation trigger signals according to preset delayed detonation intervals, which are then transmitted to the detonation drive module. The detonation drive module is connected to the timing control module and is used to receive the delayed detonation trigger signal and convert the delayed detonation trigger signal into a high-energy detonation pulse to trigger the detonation of the explosive filling the explosive shell. The anti-interference module is used to suppress interference during the transmission of the detonation command and the delayed detonation trigger signal.

10. The blasting device for ultra-deep well perforation operations according to claim 6, characterized in that, The housing of the time-delay detonation controller is made of galvanized steel plate, and the modules inside the time-delay detonation controller are shielded.

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