Liquefied high remote landslide experimental system and method

Abstract

Disclosed are a liquefied high-position long-range landslide experiment system and method, wherein the system comprises a chute device, a groundwater simulation device, a deposition collection device and a monitoring device; the chute device comprises a chute support and at least one chute section, the total length of all chute sections is not less than 10 meters, and the width of any chute section is not less than 1 meter; the left side plate and / or the right side plate of the chute is a transparent side plate and is provided with a marker for identifying a scale; the groundwater level height of a slope body is simulated by controlling the water surface height of water contained in the groundwater simulation device, the groundwater simulation device comprises a permeation surface, the groundwater simulation device abuts against one side surface of the slope body through the permeation surface, and the water contained in the groundwater simulation device enters the slope body through the permeation surface; the technical scheme provided by the disclosure is favorable for improving the authenticity of the liquefied high-position long-range landslide experiment and the accuracy and integrity of the experimental results, thereby being favorable for reducing the loss caused by the liquefied high-position long-range landslide.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of landslide disaster prevention, and in particular to a liquefied high-altitude long-range landslide experimental system and a liquefied high-altitude long-range landslide experimental method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Liquefied high-altitude long-range landslide is a special landslide type in which a solid accumulation body is rapidly converted into a fluidized motion under specific conditions. Due to the characteristics of a sharp rise in pore water pressure and a sudden drop in soil strength during the motion process of this type of landslide, a large-scale high-speed long-range migration of landslide materials will occur, that is, liquefied high-altitude long-range landslide usually has the characteristics of strong burst, fast motion speed and long motion distance, thereby making the liquefied high-altitude long-range landslide more serious.

[0003] Through the research on fluidized landslides including liquefied high-altitude long-range landslides, it is generally believed that the sliding stage of fluidized landslides usually accompanies the phenomenon of "static liquefaction", for example, the generation of excess pore pressure and potential sliding surface, thereby causing the decrease of effective stress of the slope body and the conversion of solid into fluidized motion form.

[0004] Since the research on fluidized landslides is beneficial to the prediction of landslide disasters, it is necessary to study fluidized landslides, especially liquefied high-altitude long-range landslides. How to make the prediction of liquefied high-altitude long-range landslide disasters more detailed and accurate, thereby reducing the loss caused by liquefied high-altitude long-range landslides, is a technical problem worthy of attention. SUMMARY

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present disclosure is proposed. Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a liquefied high-altitude long-range landslide experimental system and an experimental method.

[0006] According to a first aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a liquefied high-position long-distance landslide experimental system, which comprises a chute device, a groundwater simulation device, a deposition collection device and a monitoring device; the chute device is used to set a slope body thereon and provide a sliding channel for a liquefied landslide body when the slope body forms the liquefied landslide body due to a landslide phenomenon; the chute device comprises a chute support and at least one chute section, the chute support is used to support all chute sections and make the inclination angle of any chute section based on a horizontal plane be between 20 degrees and 50 degrees, in the case that the chute device comprises multiple chute sections, two adjacent chute sections are connected end to end, the slope body is arranged at the upper region of any chute section; the total length of all chute sections is not less than 10 meters, and the width of any chute section is not less than 1 meter; any chute section comprises a left side plate, a right side plate and a chute bottom plate, and the left side plate and / or the right side plate are transparent side plates, the left side plate and / or the right side plate are provided with markers for identifying scales; the groundwater simulation device is used to hold water, and the water level of the groundwater of the slope body is simulated by controlling the water level of the water held in the groundwater simulation device; the groundwater simulation device comprises a permeation surface, the groundwater simulation device abuts against one side surface of the slope body through the permeation surface, and the water held in the groundwater simulation device enters the slope body through the permeation surface; the deposition collection device is used to collect the liquefied landslide body flowing down in the chute, in the case that the chute device comprises multiple chute sections, the deposition collection device is connected to the tail end of the most downstream chute section; the monitoring device is used to monitor the physical property parameters of the slope body and the liquefied landslide body, and the monitoring device comprises an external monitoring module arranged outside the slope body and an internal monitoring module arranged in the slope body.

[0007] According to a second aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a liquefied high-position long-distance landslide experimental method, which is used to perform a liquefied high-position long-distance landslide experiment by using the above-mentioned liquefied high-position long-distance landslide experimental system, and the experimental method comprises the following steps: determining the mixing ratio of various materials used to form the slope body of the present experiment according to the rock-soil state of the slope body to be simulated, and mixing various materials according to the mixing ratio to form a mixed material; laying the mixed material on the upper region of a chute section of the chute device in the liquefied high-position long-distance landslide experimental system according to the shape of the slope body to be simulated to form the slope body of the present experiment, and arranging the internal monitoring module during the process of laying the mixed material to form the slope body; arranging the external monitoring module outside the slope body; controlling the water level of the water held in the groundwater simulation device according to the groundwater level of the slope body to be simulated; obtaining the physical property parameters of the slope body and the liquefied landslide body formed by the slope body according to the monitoring data of the internal monitoring module and the external monitoring module.

[0008] The liquefied high-position long-distance landslide experimental system and the experimental method based on the experimental system are provided according to the above-mentioned embodiments of the present disclosure. The underground water simulation device is arranged, and the permeation surface of the underground water simulation device is in abutment with one side surface of the slope body arranged in the upper region of the chute of the chute device. In this way, the water contained in the underground water simulation device can enter the slope body through the permeation surface, thereby creating an underground water environment for the slope body. By controlling the level height of the water contained in the underground water simulation device, the erosion of the slope body by underground water of different heights can be simulated, such as the rising of the underground water level under the rainfall infiltration condition. By using the chute support to support and adjust the inclination angle of the chute based on the horizontal plane to be between 20 degrees and 50 degrees, a plurality of sliding surfaces generated by the real slope body in the field can be simulated. By making the total length of all the chute segments not less than 10 meters and the width of each chute segment not less than 1 meter, the influence of the scale effect and the boundary effect of the viscous fluid medium can be reduced. By making the chute device include a plurality of chute segments connected end to end, and using the chute support to adjust the inclination angle of at least one chute segment based on the horizontal plane, the sliding environment of the liquefied landslide body formed by the real slope body in the field can be simulated. By setting the left side plate and / or the right side plate of the chute as a transparent side plate, and making the transparent side plate have a marker for identifying the scale, the liquefied landslide body can be monitored from the side during the formation of the liquefied landslide body by the slope body and the flow of the liquefied landslide body in the chute. By setting the deposition collection device at the tail end of the most downstream chute segment, the liquefied landslide body can be provided with a stacking area while avoiding the leakage of the liquefied landslide body falling down. By setting the external monitoring module outside the slope body and the internal monitoring module in the slope body, the instability initiation, disintegration and fragmentation, liquefaction, long-distance migration and accumulation of the slope body can be monitored respectively. Therefore, the technical solution provided by the present disclosure is beneficial to simulate the real slope body in the field, and is beneficial to study the whole process of the liquefied high-position long-distance landslide, thereby improving the authenticity of the liquefied high-position long-distance landslide experiment and the accuracy and integrity of the experimental results, and further improving the risk quantitative evaluation and landslide disaster prediction of the liquefied high-position long-distance landslide, and ultimately reducing the loss caused by the liquefied high-position long-distance landslide.

[0009] The technical solution of the present disclosure will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0010] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:

[0011] Figure 1 A structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of a liquefied high-position long-range landslide experimental system of the present disclosure;

[0012] Figure 2 A structural schematic diagram of another embodiment of a liquefied high-position long-range landslide experimental system of the present disclosure;

[0013] Figure 3 A structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of a permeable plate of the present disclosure;

[0014] Figure 4 A structural schematic diagram of another embodiment of a liquefied high-position long-range landslide experimental system of the present disclosure;

[0015] Figure 5 A position schematic diagram of a slope body and an internal monitoring module arranged in the slope body of the present disclosure;

[0016] Figure 6 A structural schematic diagram of a measurement module of the present disclosure;

[0017] Figure 7 A structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of a liquefied high-position long-range landslide experimental system provided with a slope body of the present disclosure;

[0018] Figure 8 A particle grading curve diagram under different fractal dimensions of the present disclosure;

[0019] Figure 9 A flowchart of an embodiment of a liquefied high-position long-range landslide experimental method of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] Example embodiments according to the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of embodiments of the present disclosure, and are not all embodiments of the present disclosure. It should be understood that the present disclosure is not limited by the example embodiments described herein.

[0021] It should be noted that: unless otherwise specified, the relative arrangement, numerical expression and numerical value of the components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present disclosure.

[0022] Those skilled in the art can understand that the terms "first", "second" and the like in the embodiments of the present disclosure are only used to distinguish different steps, devices or modules, and do not represent any specific technical meaning, nor indicate their logical order.

[0023] It should also be understood that in the embodiments of the present disclosure, "multiple" can mean two or more, and "at least one" can mean one, two or more.

[0024] It should also be understood that for any component, data or structure mentioned in the embodiments of the present disclosure, it can be understood as one or more in general without explicit limitation or in the context of the opposite indication given by the preceding or following text.

[0025] In addition, the term "and / or" in the present disclosure is only a description of the association relationship of the associated objects, which means that there can be three relationships, such as A and / or B, which can represent the three cases of A alone, A and B together, and B alone. In addition, the character " / " in the present disclosure generally represents an "or" relationship between the front and rear associated objects.

[0026] It should also be understood that the description of various embodiments of the present disclosure focuses on the differences between various embodiments, and the same or similar parts can be referred to each other, and for the sake of brevity, will not be repeated.

[0027] At the same time, it should be understood that in order to facilitate the description, the size of each part shown in the drawings is not drawn according to the actual proportional relationship.

[0028] The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and does not in any way limit the disclosure and its application or uses.

[0029] Techniques, methods, and devices known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art can not be discussed in detail, but should be considered part of the specification where appropriate.

[0030] It should be noted that similar reference numbers and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, so once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0031] In the process of implementing the present disclosure, the inventors found that the current research on flow-type landslides mainly includes three methods: method one, taking field entity landslides as research objects to study flow-type landslides; method two, using numerical simulation methods to study flow-type landslides, and the numerical simulation methods can be discrete element method and continuum model theory, etc.; method three, studying flow-type landslides through physical simulation experiments, that is, setting up a small-scale water tank in the laboratory, and observing the landslide process by simulating rainfall.

[0032] The above method one is not only affected by many factors such as topography, geological conditions and environment of field entity landslide, but also lacks controllability and repeatability of research results, so that the application value of research results is seriously affected.

[0033] The above method two can use numerical simulation methods such as discrete element method and continuum model theory to simulate the movement process of liquefied high-altitude long-range landslide (for example, by adjusting numerical parameters to study the movement characteristics of liquefied high-altitude long-range landslide), but numerical simulation method can reveal the interaction between particles and flow characteristics, but it is often limited by parameter calibration difficulty and boundary condition simplification, and it is difficult to fully and truly reflect the complex dynamic movement process of actual landslide. In addition, although numerical simulation method can analyze the movement process by adjusting parameters, the analysis results are greatly affected by model assumptions, and the accuracy of model assumptions needs to be further verified and improved.

[0034] The above method three has controllability of research object and repeatability of experiment, but due to the size effect of viscous fluid medium on the movement characteristics of debris flow, there are often problems such as significant scale effect and strong boundary effect, which leads to large differences between experimental results and real situation of real landslide, especially in the aspects of liquefaction triggering and long-range accumulation, which makes the accuracy of experimental results poor. In addition, the simulation of rainfall cannot truly reflect the actual situation of slope, which also affects the accuracy of experimental results. Specifically, rainfall is an important factor affecting slope stability, and groundwater is also an important factor affecting slope stability. Due to the characteristics of short time limit (such as several hours or several days) and limited area of rainfall (such as rainfall covering only a small area), and the influence of rainfall on slope can be considered as from top to bottom, while groundwater has the characteristics of long-term erosion persistence and regional connectivity (such as the slope is not in the rainfall area or part of the slope is not in the rainfall area, but the groundwater of the area covered by the slope and the rainfall area is connected), and the influence of groundwater on slope can be considered as from bottom to top, so for some scenes, the influence of groundwater on slope stability is more important, and if the influence of groundwater on slope stability is considered in the process of physical simulation experiment of flow type landslide, it is helpful to improve the accuracy of experimental results.

[0035] In addition, the current research on flow-type landslide mostly focuses on the related mechanism in the sliding stage, while the liquefied high-altitude long-range landslide has the characteristics of strong burst, fast movement speed, and large movement distance, which makes it more serious, and therefore, it is necessary to study the whole process of the liquefied high-altitude long-range landslide, which is conducive to more comprehensive understanding of the landslide movement law, making the risk quantitative evaluation and the prediction of landslide disaster more detailed and accurate, so as to further reduce the loss caused by the liquefied high-altitude long-range landslide.

[0036] The liquefied high-altitude long-range landslide experimental system and experimental method of the present disclosure can be applied in application scenarios such as building a landslide dynamics model and numerical simulation. Specifically, the present disclosure can obtain a plurality of sets of physical property parameters of the slope and the liquefied landslide by adjusting the inclination of the chute based on the horizontal plane, the friction coefficient between the chute bottom plate in the chute and the slope / liquefied landslide, the ratio of various materials forming the slope, and the water surface height of the water contained in the groundwater simulation device. All sets of physical property parameters can be used to modify the existing landslide dynamics model, or to build a new landslide dynamics model, so that the modified landslide dynamics model / new landslide dynamics model is more in line with the actual situation of the liquefied high-altitude long-range landslide. Further, the modified landslide dynamics model / new landslide dynamics model can be used for risk quantitative evaluation and numerical simulation (such as adjusting the parameters used for numerical simulation using all sets of physical property parameters), etc., so as to make the results of risk quantitative evaluation and numerical simulation more accurate.

[0037] The liquefied high-altitude long-range landslide experimental system of the present disclosure is a large experimental equipment. For example, the width (i.e. the depth direction of the experimental system) and the height of the experimental system of the present disclosure are usually more than 10 meters. In a more specific example, the height of the experimental system can be tens of meters or twenties of meters, the width of the experimental system can be twenties of meters or thirties of meters, and the length of the experimental system can be several meters or tens of meters. Therefore, the experimental system of the present disclosure is usually set outdoors. The experimental system of the present disclosure will be described below in combination with Figures 1 to 8 The liquefied high-altitude long-range landslide experimental system of the present disclosure will be described below.

[0038] Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 4 are structural schematic diagrams of an embodiment of the liquefied high-altitude long-range landslide experimental system of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 4 , the experimental system mainly includes a chute device, a groundwater simulation device, a sediment collection device 100, and a monitoring device. The chute device, the groundwater simulation device, the sediment collection device 100, and the monitoring device will be described below. Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 4Each part of the device will be described separately.

[0039] The chute device is mainly used to set up the slope 110 on it, and to provide a sliding channel for the liquefied landslide when the slope 110 landslides and forms a liquefied landslide. That is, the dynamic behaviors of the slope 110, such as instability initiation, disintegration and liquefaction, and long-distance movement, will occur in the chute device.

[0040] The chute device mainly includes: a chute support and at least one section of chute 120. In one example, the chute device includes: a chute support and one section of chute 120 (e.g., Figure 1 As shown), the chute device is a single-section chute device. In another example, the chute device includes: a chute support and two sections of chute 120 (as shown). Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown), the chute device is a two-stage chute device. That is, the chute device disclosed herein can be an N-stage chute device, where N is typically 1, 2, or 3, etc. When the chute device includes multiple chute segments 120, adjacent chute segments 120 are typically connected end-to-end, and the slope 110 can be located in the upper region of any chute segment 120. For example, in the case of a two-stage chute device, the slope can be located in the upstream chute (e.g.,...). Figure 2 and Figure 4 The upper region of 120-1 in the middle can also be set in the downstream chute (such as Figure 2 and Figure 4 The upper region of 120-2).

[0041] The chute support is mainly used to provide support for all sections of the chute 120, and to ensure that the inclination angle (hereinafter referred to as inclination angle) of each section of the chute 120 relative to the horizontal plane is between 20 degrees and 50 degrees. Since the inclination angle of slope movement in nature is usually 30 degrees to 40 degrees, this experimental system can cover most natural conditions. In one example, the inclination angle of a portion of the chute 120 can be adjusted by the chute support; in another example, the inclination angle of all sections of the chute 120 can be adjusted by the chute support. For example, in the case of a two-section chute device, the adjustment of the chute support can make the inclination angle of the upstream chute 120-1 x degrees and the inclination angle of the downstream chute 120-2 y degrees. The values ​​of x and y can be the same or different, and both x and y are not less than 20 degrees and not greater than 50 degrees.

[0042] In one example, when the chute device includes multiple chute segments 120, the inclination angles of adjacent chute segments 120 can typically be made different by using chute supports, thereby forming a corner at the junction of the two chute segments 120 (e.g., Figure 4 (the turning point in the middle), and the upstream chute in the two adjacent chute sections 120 (such as...)Figure 2 The inclination angle of the upstream chute (e.g., the chute 120-1) is generally greater than the inclination angle of the downstream chute (e.g., the chute 120-2). In one more specific example, the inclination angle of the upstream chute 120-1 is 40 degrees, and the inclination angle of the downstream chute 120-2 is 30 degrees. The inclination angle of the upstream chute being greater than the inclination angle of the downstream chute is advantageous for simulating the real geographical environment in which the field entity landslide is located, thereby improving the authenticity of the liquefied high-altitude long-range landslide experiment and the accuracy of the experimental results. Figure 4 The inclination angle of the upstream chute (e.g., the chute 120-1) is generally greater than the inclination angle of the downstream chute (e.g., the chute 120-2). In one more specific example, the inclination angle of the upstream chute 120-1 is 40 degrees, and the inclination angle of the downstream chute 120-2 is 30 degrees. The inclination angle of the upstream chute being greater than the inclination angle of the downstream chute is advantageous for simulating the real geographical environment in which the field entity landslide is located, thereby improving the authenticity of the liquefied high-altitude long-range landslide experiment and the accuracy of the experimental results. Figure 2 The inclination angle of the upstream chute (e.g., the chute 120-1) is generally greater than the inclination angle of the downstream chute (e.g., the chute 120-2). In one more specific example, the inclination angle of the upstream chute 120-1 is 40 degrees, and the inclination angle of the downstream chute 120-2 is 30 degrees. The inclination angle of the upstream chute being greater than the inclination angle of the downstream chute is advantageous for simulating the real geographical environment in which the field entity landslide is located, thereby improving the authenticity of the liquefied high-altitude long-range landslide experiment and the accuracy of the experimental results. Figure 4 The inclination angle of the upstream chute (e.g., the chute 120-1) is generally greater than the inclination angle of the downstream chute (e.g., the chute 120-2). In one more specific example, the inclination angle of the upstream chute 120-1 is 40 degrees, and the inclination angle of the downstream chute 120-2 is 30 degrees. The inclination angle of the upstream chute being greater than the inclination angle of the downstream chute is advantageous for simulating the real geographical environment in which the field entity landslide is located, thereby improving the authenticity of the liquefied high-altitude long-range landslide experiment and the accuracy of the experimental results.

[0043] In one example, the chute support of the present disclosure can include a hydraulic system, by controlling which the height of at least one end of any section of the chute 120 can be adjusted, so that the inclination angle of the section of the chute 120 is between 20 degrees and 50 degrees. The specific implementation of the hydraulic system supporting the chute 120 will not be described in detail here.

[0044] In one example, the total length of all sections of the chute 120 is not less than 10 meters, and the width of all sections of the chute 120 is not less than 1 meter. For example, in all sections of the chute 120 included in the chute device, at least one section of the chute 120 has a length of 8 meters to 15 meters, and all sections of the chute 120 have a width of 1 meter to 3 meters. In one more specific example, in the case where the chute device includes only one section of the chute 120, the length of the section of the chute 120 can be 11 meters, and the width can be 1.2 meters. In another more specific example, in the case where the chute device includes only two sections of the chute 120, the lengths of the two sections of the chute 120 can be 11 meters respectively, and the widths can be 1.2 meters respectively. It should be noted that the lengths of different sections of the chute 120 can be the same or different, but the widths of all sections of the chute 120 included in the chute device are generally the same.

[0045] In one example, any section of the chute 120 in the chute device can include a left side plate, a right side plate, and a chute bottom plate, and at least one of the left side plate and the right side plate is a transparent side plate, for example, both the left side plate and the right side plate are transparent tempered glass side plates. The height of the left side plate and the right side plate of the chute 120 is generally related to the height of the slope body 110, for example, the height of the left side plate and the right side plate of the chute 120 is generally not less than the height of the slope body 110.

[0046] In one example, the height of the left side plate and the right side plate of the chute 120 can be between 0.4 meters and 0.6 meters, for example, the height of the left side plate and the right side plate of the chute 120 can be 0.5 meters, at this time, the height of the slope body 110 is at most 0.5 meters.

[0047] In one example, at least one of the left side plate and the right side plate of the chute 120 is provided with a marker for indicating the scale, and the side plate provided with the marker should be the transparent side plate. The marker can be grid lines or a scale or the starting point and the ending point of the unit interval, etc. which are drawn / stuck on the outside of the side plate. The marker for indicating the scale is mainly used to assist the external monitoring module outside the slope body 110 to monitor and obtain the physical property parameters of the slope body and the liquefied landslide body.

[0048] In one example, the present disclosure can be provided with multiple chute bottom plates for a chute 120 (such as the upstream chute 120-1 or the downstream chute 120-2), and the friction coefficients between different chute bottom plates and the slope body / liquefied landslide body are generally different, that is, the roughness of different chute bottom plates is generally different. For example, the roughness of at least two of all the chute bottom plates provided for a chute 120 is different. The chute bottom plate installed in the chute 120 can be referred to as a working chute bottom plate, and the chute bottom plate not installed in the chute 120 can be referred to as a standby chute bottom plate. Since the roughness of the standby chute bottom plate is generally different from that of the working chute bottom plate, the friction condition between the actual slope and the mountain slope in the field can be simulated by replacing the chute bottom plate of the chute 120 with a chute bottom plate of different roughness, thereby facilitating the improvement of the authenticity of the liquefied high-altitude long-distance landslide experiment and the accuracy of the experimental results.

[0049] In another example, the present disclosure can be provided with one or more first enhanced friction members for a chute 120 (such as the upstream chute 120-1 or the downstream chute 120-2). The first enhanced friction member can be fixed on the chute bottom plate, for example, a first enhanced friction member is fixed on the chute bottom plate, and for another example, multiple first enhanced friction members are fixed on the chute bottom plate at the same time. The first enhanced friction member is used to improve the roughness of the chute bottom plate, thereby enhancing the friction between the slope body / liquefied landslide body and the chute bottom plate. The ability of different first enhanced friction members to improve the roughness of the chute bottom plate can be different. The first enhanced friction member can be a deceleration hill, a deceleration platform, or a deceleration grid, etc. Similarly, since the first enhanced friction member can change the roughness of the chute bottom plate, by setting the first enhanced friction member on the chute bottom plate, the friction condition of the actual mountain slope in the field can be simulated, thereby facilitating the improvement of the authenticity of the liquefied high-altitude long-distance landslide experiment and the accuracy of the experimental results. It should be noted that the present disclosure can set the first enhanced friction member in part of the area of the chute bottom plate (such as the upper half area or the lower half area, etc.), or set the first enhanced friction member in the entire area of the chute bottom plate.

[0050] The groundwater simulation device is mainly used for containing water, and the water level of the water contained in the groundwater simulation device can be used to determine the groundwater level of the slope body 110, so that the groundwater level of the slope body 110 can be controlled by controlling the amount of water contained in the groundwater simulation device.

[0051] The amount of water contained in the groundwater simulation device can be controlled by the user according to the experimental requirements. In one example, the groundwater simulation device includes a water container, and the water container has a water inlet component and a water outlet component. The user controls the water inlet component and the water outlet component to add or reduce water, so that the water level of the water contained in the groundwater simulation device reaches the expected height. Since the expected height is related to the groundwater level of the slope body 110, the groundwater level of the slope body 110 can be controlled by the user.

[0052] In one example, the groundwater simulation device includes a permeation surface 130, and the permeation surface 130 of the groundwater simulation device abuts against one side surface of the slope body 110, so that the water contained in the groundwater simulation device can enter the slope body 110 through the permeation surface 130, forming the phenomenon that the slope body 110 is immersed in groundwater of a corresponding height.

[0053] The permeation surface 130 in the present disclosure can be a permeation plate 140, and the permeation plate 140 can be a flat plate with a plurality of holes, for example, Figure 3 The permeation plate 140 shown has a plurality of holes (i.e. through holes) arranged in a two-dimensional matrix, and the permeation plate 140 can be a transparent tempered glass plate or the like. The water contained in the groundwater simulation device can enter the slope body 110 through the holes on the permeation plate 140. In this case, the horizontal height of the hole located at the highest position in the permeation plate 140 can be considered as the highest height of the groundwater level of the slope body 110. The present disclosure can determine the groundwater level of the slope body 110 according to the highest height of the hole on the permeation plate 140 covered by the water level of the water contained in the groundwater simulation device. Of course, it can also be roughly considered that the water level of the water contained in the groundwater simulation device is the groundwater level of the slope body 110.

[0054] In one example, the groundwater simulation device 100 comprises a water collection module 101, a connecting module 102, and a water storage module 103. The water collection module 101 is configured to store water, the connecting module 102 is configured to connect the water collection module 101 and the water storage module 103, and the water storage module 103 is configured to store water introduced from the water collection module 101 through the connecting module 102. In other words, the water stored in the water collection module 101 can flow to the water storage module 103 through the connecting module 102, so that the water stored in the water collection module 101 and the water stored in the water storage module 103 can have the same water level through the connecting module 102. The present disclosure can simulate the groundwater level at the location of the slope 110 by controlling the water level of the water stored in the water collection module 101.

[0055] In one example, the water collection module 101 and the water storage module 103 can be large water tanks or large water pools, and the water storage module 103 can be fixed on the chute 120 to avoid the water storage module 103 from pressing the slope 110. One end of the connecting module 102 is connected to the water outlet of the water collection module 101, and the other end of the connecting module 102 is connected to the water inlet of the water storage module 103. The water inlet of the water collection module 101 is usually arranged at the upper region of the water collection module 101, so as to introduce water from a high position to the water collection module 101. The water outlet of the water collection module 101 is usually arranged at the bottom or the lower region of the side wall of the water collection module 101, and the water collection module 101 can comprise a plurality of water outlets. In addition to the water outlet connected to the connecting module 102, the other water outlets can be used to lower the water level in the water collection module 101. The water inlet of the water storage module 103 is usually arranged at the bottom or the lower region of the side wall of the water storage module 103, and the water storage module 103 can also be provided with a water outlet. In addition, the water outlet of the water storage module 103 can be used to lower the water level in the water storage module 103. In addition, the height of the water collection module 101 (e.g. the height of the water tank as the water collection module) is usually not less than the height of the water storage module 103 (e.g. the height of the water tank as the water storage module).

[0056] In one example, the water storage module 103 comprises a permeable plate 140, which can be a side wall of the water storage module 103 and is configured to form a permeable surface of the water storage module 103. The permeable plate 140 can have a rectangular shape, and the length of the permeable plate 140 is usually the same as the width of the chute 120 (e.g. 1.2 meters) and the length of the slope 110 (e.g. 1.2 meters), and the width of the permeable plate 140 is usually the same as the height of the left and right side plates of the chute 120 and the height of the slope 110 (e.g. 0.6 meters). Figure 5The width of the permeable plate 140 is usually not less than the height of the left and right side plates of the chute 120 and the height of the slope body 110, and can be equal to the height of the water storage module 103. For example, when the height of the left and right side plates of the chute 120 is 50 cm, the width of the permeable plate 140 can be 50 cm. The permeable plate 140 abuts against the back side of the slope body 110 in the chute 120, so that the water in the water storage module 103 enters the slope body 110 from the back side of the slope body 110 through the permeable plate 140.

[0057] In addition, the disclosed technology can be provided with ladders on both sides of the chute 120, which can facilitate the maintenance and adjustment of the chute 120 and the underground water simulation device 100, and facilitate the laying / removal of the first friction-enhancing member and the installation of the slope body 110 in the upper region of the chute 120.

[0058] In one example, the water storage module 101 can be provided with a water level sensor (also referred to as a liquid level sensor, not shown in the figure), which can be connected to a water level control device (not shown in the figure) such as a single-chip microcomputer or a computer. The water level control device can obtain the current water level of the water storage module 101 in time by collecting the water level signal transmitted by the water level sensor. When the water level control device determines that the water level in the water storage module 101 is lower than the predetermined water level, it can supplement water into the water storage module 101 by controlling the water inlet component (such as a water inlet component with an electromagnetic valve). During the water supplementing process, when the water level control device determines that the water level in the water storage module 101 reaches the predetermined water level, it can stop supplementing water into the water storage module 101 by controlling the water inlet component. In addition, when the water level control device determines that the water level in the water storage module 101 is higher than the predetermined water level, it can discharge the water in the water storage module 101 by controlling the water outlet component (such as a water outlet component with an electromagnetic valve). During the water discharging process, when the water level control device determines that the water level in the water storage module 101 reaches the predetermined water level, it can stop the water discharging process of the water storage module 101 by controlling the water outlet component.

[0059] The deposition collection device 100 is mainly used for collecting the liquefied landslide from the chute 120, i.e., to form a pile of the liquefied landslide in the deposition collection device 100 while avoiding the overflow of the liquefied landslide, so that the dynamic behavior of the liquefied landslide such as flat migration and accumulation can occur in the deposition collection device 100.

[0060] In the case that the chute device only includes one chute 120, the deposition collecting device 100 is connected to the tail end of the chute 120, so that the liquefied landslide enters the deposition collecting device 100 from the tail end of the chute 120 and continues to slide on the ground in the deposition collecting device 100 until the accumulation is formed and the movement is stopped.

[0061] In the case that the chute device includes multiple chutes 120, the deposition collecting device 100 is connected to the tail end of the most downstream chute (e.g., the downstream chute 120-2 in FIG. 1C), so that the liquefied landslide enters the deposition collecting device 100 from the tail end of the most downstream chute and continues to slide on the ground in the deposition collecting device 100 until the accumulation is formed and the movement is stopped. Figure 2

[0062] The deposition collecting device 100 can include a left baffle, a right baffle, a front baffle, and a collecting bottom plate. The deposition collecting device 100 is usually horizontally placed, for example, the collecting bottom plate is usually arranged on the horizontal ground and is horizontally arranged. The width of the deposition collecting device 100 can be usually the same as the chute width of the chute 120, and can also be greater than the chute width of the chute 120. In one example, the height of the left baffle, the right baffle, and the front baffle of the deposition collecting device 100 can be 0.5 m, the length of the collecting bottom plate can be 12 m, and the width of the collecting bottom plate can be 1.2 m.

[0063] In one example, the deposition collecting device 100 can be equipped with multiple collecting bottom plates, and the friction coefficients between different collecting bottom plates and the liquefied landslide are usually different, that is, the roughness of different collecting bottom plates is usually different, for example, the roughness of at least two collecting bottom plates among all the collecting bottom plates equipped in the deposition collecting device 100 is different. The collecting bottom plate installed in the deposition collecting device 100 can be referred to as a working collecting bottom plate, and the collecting bottom plate not installed in the deposition collecting device 100 can be referred to as a standby collecting bottom plate. Since the roughness of the standby collecting bottom plate is usually different from the roughness of the working collecting bottom plate, the friction conditions of the accumulation environment under the actual slope in the field can be simulated by replacing the collecting bottom plates with different roughness in the deposition collecting device 100, so as to facilitate improving the authenticity of the liquefied high-altitude long-range landslide experiment and the accuracy of the experimental results.

[0064] ​In another example, the present disclosure can be equipped with one or more second friction-enhancing members for the deposition collection device 100. The second friction-enhancing members can be fixed on the collection floor, for example, one second friction-enhancing member is fixed on the collection floor, and for another example, a plurality of second friction-enhancing members are fixed on the collection floor at the same time. The second friction-enhancing members are used to enhance the roughness of the collection floor, thereby enhancing the friction between the liquefied landslide and the collection floor. The different second friction-enhancing members can have different abilities to enhance the roughness of the collection floor. The second friction-enhancing members can be facilities such as deceleration hills, deceleration tables, or deceleration grids. Similarly, since the second friction-enhancing members can change the roughness of the collection floor, by setting the second friction-enhancing members on the collection floor, the friction conditions of the deposition environment under the actual slope in the field are simulated, thereby facilitating the authenticity of the liquefied high-altitude long-range landslide experiment and the accuracy of the experimental results.

[0065] The monitoring device 130 is mainly used to obtain the physical property parameters of the slope 110 and the liquefied landslide by monitoring. The physical property parameters refer to parameters used to represent the specific conditions of the slope 110 or the liquefied landslide in the physical characteristic level, for example, the physical property parameters can include: the velocity distribution of the liquefied landslide in the sliding / deposition process, the thickness change of the liquefied landslide in the sliding / deposition process, the turbulent structure formed by the liquefied landslide in the sliding / deposition process, the pore water pressure of the slope 110, the vibration acceleration of the slope 110, the vibration acceleration of the liquefied landslide in the sliding / deposition process (i.e. the acceleration signal in the vibration process), the acoustic emission signal of the slope 110, and the acoustic emission signal of the liquefied landslide in the sliding / deposition process, etc., so as to obtain the stress field and liquefaction characteristics of the slope 110, and the velocity field of the liquefied landslide in the sliding / deposition process, etc.

[0066] In one example, the monitoring device 130 can include an external monitoring module arranged outside the slope 110 and an internal monitoring module arranged in the slope 110, that is, the external monitoring module is arranged outside the area where the slope 110 is located, and the internal monitoring module is arranged in the area where the slope 110 is located.

[0067] In one example, the internal monitoring module can include a plurality of pore pressure sensors 150 and a plurality of acoustic emission sensors 151, and all the pore pressure sensors 150 and all the acoustic emission sensors 151 can be arranged in the slope 110 in a three-dimensional matrix arrangement (as shown in Figure 5 Figure 5 ​The length of the slope body 110 can be the same as the chute width of the chute 120, such as both being 1.2 meters, the height of the slope body 110 is 0.5 meters, and the maximum width of the slope body 110 is 1.67 meters. In addition, the internal monitoring module can further include one or more measurement modules 152, which can be a module combined by a force sensor 154 (such as a pressure sensor, etc.), a pore pressure sensor 150, and a vibration acceleration sensor 153 (such as Figure 6 The measurement module 152 belonging to the internal monitoring module can be arranged in the slope body 110. In addition, the measurement module 152 can also be arranged at the bottom of the slope body 110, such as arranging one or more measurement modules 152 in the area range covered by the slope body 100 on the chute bottom plate, and the measurement module 152 arranged at the bottom of the slope body 110 can belong to the external monitoring module or the internal monitoring module.

[0068] In an example, the external monitoring module can include a plurality of measurement modules 152 and at least one high-speed camera 160, and the external monitoring module can further include at least one ordinary camera 170 and at least one laser ranging sensor. The measurement module 152 belonging to the external monitoring module is usually arranged on the chute bottom plate, such as uniformly arranging a plurality of measurement modules 152 on the chute bottom plate before arranging the slope body 110 on the chute bottom plate (such as Figure 7 The measurement module 152 should be arranged in the area where the slope body is located on the chute bottom plate and the flowing area of the liquefied landslide body.

[0069] The above-mentioned high-speed camera 160 can refer to a professional image device that can capture fast motion or transient events by shooting at a frame rate far exceeding human vision and ordinary cameras, for example, the high-speed camera 160 can be a camera that shoots at a frame rate of thousands of frames per second. The disclosure can obtain the microscopic characteristics such as particle size rearrangement and particle flow state by combining the image shot by the high-speed camera 160 with the PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) technology, and can also obtain the velocity distribution and turbulent structure on different profiles of the liquefied landslide body.

[0070] The high-speed camera 160 of the present disclosure can be arranged on one side of the chute 120; for example, in the case that the left side plate of the chute 120 is a transparent side plate, one high-speed camera 160 or multiple high-speed cameras 160 can be arranged on the outside of the left side plate of the chute 120; for another example, in the case that the right side plate of the chute 120 is a transparent side plate, one high-speed camera 160 or multiple high-speed cameras 160 can be arranged on the outside of the right side plate of the chute 120; for another example, the present disclosure can arrange one high-speed camera 160 or multiple high-speed cameras 160 above the chute 120. In addition, the present disclosure can also arrange one high-speed camera 160 above the deposition and collection device 100 (as shown in Figure 4 ).

[0071] In one example, the present disclosure can arrange one or more displacement markers in the slope body 110 by pre-buried method, so that the velocity distribution and turbulent structure on different profiles of the liquefied landslide can be accurately obtained by the displacement markers captured by the high-speed camera 160 combined with the PIV technology, so that the velocity distribution and evolution law of the slope body 110 in the whole process of solid state, flow state and migration stop can be obtained, which is beneficial to the intuitive and quantitative research on the flow type landslide movement. The specific implementation process of obtaining the velocity distribution and turbulent structure on different profiles of the liquefied landslide by the high-speed camera 160, displacement markers and PIV technology is not described in detail here.

[0072] The ordinary camera 170 in the present disclosure refers to a camera with a frame rate that cannot meet the requirement of clearly capturing fast motion or transient events. The ordinary camera 170 can be arranged in the front end area of the deposition and collection device 100, outside the area of the deposition and collection device 100 or above the deposition and collection device 100; for example, Figure 4 , the ordinary camera 170 is arranged in the front end area of the deposition and collection device 100; for another example, the ordinary camera 170 can be arranged above the deposition and collection device 100 in the form of a drone. The image captured by the ordinary camera 170 is beneficial to obtaining the shape of the slope body 110 and the accumulation topography of the liquefied landslide flow, and in addition, it is also beneficial to viewing the whole process of the experiment.

[0073] The laser ranging sensor in the present disclosure can be arranged above the chute 120, and the arrangement position of the laser ranging sensor can be related to the arrangement position of the high-speed camera 160; in one example, the plane formed by the coordinate position of one high-speed camera 160 and the coordinate position of one laser ranging sensor can be a section of the chute 120; in a more specific example, Figure 4 , the four arrows in the figure represent the laser emitted by the laser ranging sensor, Figure 4The four planes formed by the coordinate positions of the four high-speed cameras 160 and the four laser ranging sensors in the device are parallel to each other and are the four cross sections of the chute 120.

[0074] In one example, the present disclosure can also be provided with a plurality of laser ranging sensors above the deposition collection device 100, so that the deposition range and thickness of the liquefied landslide in the deposition collection device 100 can be obtained by the plurality of laser ranging sensors, and the deposition form of the liquefied landslide can be obtained automatically. Of course, the deposition range and thickness of the liquefied landslide in the deposition collection device 100 can also be obtained by manual measurement.

[0075] The liquefied high-altitude long-range landslide experiment method of the present disclosure using the liquefied high-altitude long-range landslide experiment system described above is shown in the flowchart of Figure 9 . Figure 9 The method shown includes S900, S910, S920, S930, and S940. In addition, the experimental method of the present disclosure can also optionally include S950. It should be particularly noted that Figure 9 the execution order of each step shown can vary, for example, S920 and / or S930 can be located before S900, or between S900 and S910. The steps included in the experimental method of the present disclosure are described below.

[0076] S900, according to the rock-soil state of the to-be-simulated slope body, determine the proportioning of each type of material for forming the slope body of the present experiment, and mix each type of material according to the proportioning to form a mixture.

[0077] The to-be-simulated slope body in the present disclosure can be a scaled-down model of a real slope body in the field or a slope body model set in advance based on experience, etc. The to-be-simulated slope body usually has a slope angle, a predetermined volume, a shape (such as a slope height and a slope width, etc.), and a rock-soil state, etc. Among them, the slope angle of the to-be-simulated slope body can be realized by adjusting the inclination angle of the corresponding section of the chute 120 in the experimental system; the cross-sectional shape of the shape of the to-be-simulated slope body can be trapezoidal (for example, as shown in Figure 5 ), and the rock-soil state of the to-be-simulated slope body can be embodied by parameters such as particle size gradation, maximum (minimum) void ratio, permeability coefficient, shear strength, and density.

[0078] In one example, the state of the rock-soil body of the slope to be simulated in the present disclosure can determine the proportioning of different types of materials. For example, the present disclosure can determine the fractal dimension of the materials used to form the slope in the present experiment according to the state of the rock-soil body of the slope to be simulated, and determine the proportioning of different types of materials according to the fractal dimension. The present disclosure can form different material proportionings by using different fractal dimensions, so as to obtain multiple sets of experimental data by the experimental method of the present disclosure, thereby facilitating the accurate modification of the existing landslide dynamics model or the construction of a new landslide dynamics model, and facilitating the quantitative evaluation of the risk of the liquefied high-altitude long-range landslide experiment.

[0079] In one example, the present disclosure can use sand, stone and soil in the particle size range of 0.5 mm-8 mm, proportion the materials according to the fractal dimensions of 2, 2.5 and 3 respectively, and perform multiple experiments with the mixed materials proportioned. Each fractal dimension can also be divided into dry group mixed materials, semi-saturated group mixed materials and saturated group mixed materials based on different water contents, so as to perform multiple experiments and obtain experimental results of the slope under different water conditions. An example of the size and mass cumulative proportion of the material particle size corresponding to different fractal dimensions is shown in FIG. 2. Figure 8 Figure 8 The medium red curve represents the mass cumulative proportion of each material with a particle size of 0.5-8 mm when the fractal dimension is 3, the blue curve represents the mass cumulative proportion of each material with a particle size of 0.5-8 mm when the fractal dimension is 2.5, and the green curve represents the mass cumulative proportion of each material with a particle size of 0.5-8 mm when the fractal dimension is 2. In addition, the present disclosure can also determine the water content of the mixed materials according to the state of the rock-soil body of the slope to be simulated.

[0080] S910, according to the shape of the slope to be simulated, laying mixed materials in the upper region of a section of the chute 120 in the chute device of the liquefied high-altitude long-range landslide experiment system to form the slope 110 in the present experiment, and arranging the internal monitoring module in the process of laying the mixed materials to form the slope 110.

[0081] In one example, the present disclosure can first set the inclination angle of the chute 120 according to the inclination angle of the slope to be simulated. In the case where the chute device includes multiple sections of the chute 120, the present disclosure can set the slope in the upper region of the most downstream chute, or set the slope in the upper region of the upstream chute according to the experimental requirements. In addition, multiple experiments can be realized based on the step-by-step adjustment of the inclination angle of the chute 120, so as to obtain the influence of different inclination angles (i.e. energy conditions) on the liquefaction of the slope 110 and the movement of the liquefied landslide.

[0082] ​In one example, the present disclosure can first uniformly arrange a plurality of measuring modules on the chute bottom plate of the chute 120, wherein at least one measuring module is located in the area covered by the bottom of the slope (i.e. the upper area of the chute bottom plate), secondly, part of the mixed material is arranged in the upper area of the chute bottom plate of the chute device, and the mixed material is covered in the shape of the bottom of the slope, and the laid mixed material can be tamped by light tapping (the degree of tamping can depend on the shear strength and density of the slope to be simulated and other parameters), thereby forming a slope layer; then, in the process of laying mixed material layer by layer and tamping to form a slope layer, if it is determined according to the pre-set setting position of the internal monitoring module that the internal monitoring module (such as a pore pressure sensor or an acoustic emission sensor) needs to be arranged on the current formed slope layer, the internal monitoring module is arranged on the current formed slope layer, then the mixed material is laid again, and the process of forming a slope layer is continued until a slope with the shape of the slope to be simulated is formed. It should be noted that the pore pressure sensor and the acoustic emission sensor can be located in different slope layers.

[0083] S920, arranging an external monitoring module on the outside of the slope 110.

[0084] In one example, the present disclosure can set a high-speed camera 160 on the side (such as the outer side of the left / right side plate) of the chute 120, and can also set a high-speed camera 160 and a laser ranging sensor above the chute 120, and can also set a high-speed camera 160 above the deposition and collection device 100, and set a normal camera 170 on the front side of the deposition and collection device 100, so as to shoot the whole process of the experiment, and facilitate to know the shape of the slope 110 and the accumulation morphology of the liquefied slope flow.

[0085] S930, controlling the water level of the water in the underground water simulation device according to the underground water level of the slope to be simulated.

[0086] In one example, the present disclosure can adjust the water level in the water storage module 103 by adding or reducing water in the water collection module 101, so that the water level in the water storage module 103 meets the underground water level of the slope 110.

[0087] In addition, after the slope body 110 is arranged in the chute 120, and before water is injected into the water collection module 101, initial monitoring data such as the pore water pressure obtained based on the sensors arranged in the slope body 110 and the measuring module arranged at the bottom region of the slope body 110 can be recorded. When the seepage action needs to be simulated, water is continuously injected into the water collection module 101, so that the water gradually seeps into the slope body 110 from the trailing edge of the slope body 110 through the connecting device 102 and the permeable plate of the water storage module 103, until the slope body 110 reaches a limit stress state, the structure of the slope body 110 is broken and liquefied under the action of gravity and pore water pressure, a liquefied landslide body is formed, and the liquefied landslide body flows and slides along the chute 120.

[0088] S940, obtaining physical property parameters of the slope body 110 and the liquefied landslide body formed by the slope body 110 according to the monitoring data of the internal monitoring module and the external monitoring module.

[0089] In one example, the physical property parameters of the slope body 110 obtained by the present disclosure based on the monitoring data can include: pore water pressure sudden rise and sudden drop information at different positions in the slope body 110, bearing information and vibration acceleration at the bottom of the slope body 110, and acoustic emission information at different positions in the slope body 110. The physical property parameters of the liquefied landslide body obtained by the present disclosure include: bearing information, pore water pressure, vibration acceleration information at the bottom of the liquefied landslide body at different positions during the sliding process of the liquefied landslide body, motion velocity distribution of the liquefied landslide body during the sliding / accumulation process, thickness change of the liquefied landslide body during the sliding / accumulation process, and turbulent structure and acoustic emission signal formed by the liquefied landslide body during the sliding / accumulation process.

[0090] S950, correcting an existing landslide dynamics model or constructing a new landslide dynamics model according to the physical property parameters of the slope body 110 and the liquefied landslide body formed by the slope body 110, and using the corrected landslide dynamics model / the new landslide dynamics model to quantitatively evaluate the risk of the liquefied high-altitude long-range landslide experiment.

[0091] In one example, the present disclosure can analyze the triggering condition of the liquefaction of the slope body 110 and the starting mechanism of the liquefied high-altitude long-range landslide by means of the pore water pressure, the acoustic emission information, and the displacement data of the particles in the slope body 110. In addition, the present disclosure can reveal the commonalities and differences of the liquefied high-altitude long-range landslide in the starting burst, the speed evolution law, and the accumulation mode by means of all experimental results of the slope body 110 with different densities and different water contents.

[0092] The specific implementation process of correcting or constructing a new landslide dynamics model using the physical property parameters of the existing landslide dynamics model, and the specific implementation process of the risk quantitative evaluation of the liquefied high-altitude long-range landslide experiment are not described in detail here. In addition, the specific application scenarios of the obtained physical property parameters of the slope body 110 and the liquefied landslide body are not limited in the present disclosure, for example, they can also be used in application scenarios such as numerical simulation of liquefied high-altitude long-range landslide experiments.

Claims

1. A liquefied high-altitude long-range landslide experimental system, characterized in that, The system includes: a chute device, a groundwater simulation device, a sediment collection device, and a monitoring device; The chute device is used to set up a slope on it and to provide a sliding channel for the liquefied landslide when the slope causes a landslide and forms a liquefied landslide. The chute device includes: a chute support and at least one chute section, wherein the chute support is used to support all chute sections and to make the inclination angle of any chute section relative to the horizontal plane between 20 degrees and 50 degrees; in the case where the chute device includes multiple chute sections, adjacent chute sections are connected end to end, and the slope is provided in the upper region of any chute section. The total length of all sections of the chute shall not be less than 10 meters, and the width of any section of the chute shall not be less than 1 meter. Each section of the chute includes: a left side plate, a right side plate, and a chute bottom plate. The left side plate and / or the right side plate are transparent side plates, and the left side plate and / or the right side plate have markers for indicating dimensions. The groundwater simulation device is used to hold water. By controlling the water level in the groundwater simulation device, the groundwater level of the slope is simulated. The groundwater simulation device includes a permeable surface. The groundwater simulation device abuts against one side of the slope through the permeable surface, and the water in the groundwater simulation device enters the slope through the permeable surface. The sediment collection device is used to collect the liquefied landslide material flowing down from the chute. In the case where the chute device includes multiple chute sections, the sediment collection device is connected to the tail end of the most downstream chute section. The monitoring device is used to monitor the physical properties of the slope and the liquefiable landslide, and the monitoring device includes: an external monitoring module disposed outside the slope and an internal monitoring module disposed inside the slope; The groundwater simulation device includes: a water collection module, a connection module, and a water storage module; The water collection module is used to hold water, and the water level in the water collection module is controlled to simulate the groundwater level at the slope location. The connecting module is used to connect the water collection module and the water storage module, so that the water level in the water collection module and the water storage module is the same. The water storage module is used to hold water introduced from the water collection module through the connecting module, and the water storage module includes a permeable plate, which forms the permeable surface of the groundwater simulation device. The permeable plate abuts against the rear side of the slope body set in the chute. The water in the water storage module enters the slope body through the permeable plate. The water storage module is rectangular and is fixed on the chute.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the chute device includes multiple chute segments, the inclination angles of two adjacent chute segments relative to the horizontal plane are not the same, and the inclination angle of the upstream chute relative to the horizontal plane is greater than that of the downstream chute relative to the horizontal plane among two adjacent chute segments. The slope is set in the upper region of the upstream chute.

3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least one section of the chute further includes: a spare chute base plate, wherein the coefficient of friction between the spare chute base plate and the bottom of the slope / the liquefied landslide body is different from the coefficient of friction between the chute base plate and the bottom of the slope / the liquefied landslide body; and / or The chute device further includes a first friction-enhancing member, which, when the first friction-enhancing member is fixed on the chute bottom plate, enhances the coefficient of friction between the chute bottom plate and the bottom of the slope / the liquefied landslide.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least one section of the chute is 8 to 15 meters long; At least one section of the chute has a width of 1 to 3 meters; The height of the left and right side plates of at least one section of the chute is 0.4 meters to 0.6 meters.

5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The permeation plate comprises: a flat plate with multiple holes.

6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sediment collection device includes a collection base plate, and the sediment collection device further includes a spare collection base plate, and the friction coefficient between the spare collection base plate and the liquefied landslide body is different from the friction coefficient between the collection base plate and the liquefied landslide body; and / or The sediment collection device further includes a second friction-enhancing member, which, when fixed to the collection base plate, enhances the coefficient of friction between the collection base plate and the liquefied landslide.

7. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The internal monitoring module includes multiple pore pressure sensors and multiple acoustic emission sensors, and the multiple pore pressure sensors and / or multiple acoustic emission sensors are arranged in a three-dimensional matrix in the slope. The external monitoring module includes: multiple measurement modules containing force sensors, pore pressure sensors and vibration acceleration sensors, and at least one high-speed camera; The measuring module is mounted on the bottom plate of the chute, and some of the measuring modules are located in the area of ​​the bottom plate of the chute that is covered by the bottom of the slope. The high-speed camera is positioned outside the transparent side plate of the chute, above the chute, and / or above the deposition collection device.

8. An experimental method for liquefied high-altitude long-distance landslides, characterized in that, A liquefaction-type high-altitude long-distance landslide experiment is conducted using the experimental system for liquefaction-type high-altitude landslides described in any one of claims 1-7, and the experimental method includes: The proportions of various materials used to form the slope in this experiment are determined based on the rock and soil conditions of the slope to be simulated, and the various materials are mixed according to the proportions to form a mixture. According to the shape of the slope to be simulated, the mixed material is laid in the upper part of a section of the chute of the liquefaction-type high-level remote landslide experimental system to form the slope of this experiment. During the process of laying the mixed material to form the slope, an internal monitoring module is installed. An external monitoring module is installed outside the slope. The water level in the groundwater simulation device is controlled according to the groundwater level of the slope to be simulated. Based on the monitoring data from the internal and external monitoring modules, the physical properties of the slope and the liquefied landslide formed by the slope are obtained.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The process of determining the proportions of various materials used to form the slope in this experiment based on the soil and rock conditions of the slope to be simulated includes: The fractal dimension of the materials used to form the slope in this experiment is determined based on the rock and soil conditions of the slope to be simulated, and the proportion of various materials is determined based on the fractal dimension. The process involves laying the mixed material in the upper part of a section of the chute in the liquefaction-type high-altitude long-distance landslide experimental system, according to the shape of the slope to be simulated, to form the slope for this experiment, including: At least one measuring module is provided in the area covered by the bottom of the slope in the chute device; A portion of the mixture is placed in the upper region of the chute bottom plate of the chute device, and a slope layer is formed by light compaction. If it is determined that an internal monitoring module needs to be installed in the currently formed slope layer based on the preset location of the internal monitoring module, the internal monitoring module is installed in the currently formed slope layer. Slope layers are added one by one until a slope with the shape of the slope to be simulated is formed.

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