Battery thermal management system with precise temperature control structure

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of battery thermal management, in particular to a battery thermal management system with a precise temperature control structure, which comprises a new energy storage cabinet shell, a liquid cooling circulation assembly, a switching control assembly and a high-pressure gas delivery pipe, and can realize concentrated liquid cooling of a target battery pack, liquid cooling interruption of other battery packs and concentrated supply of liquid cooling flow. The heat exchange efficiency is greatly improved, the local hot spot temperature can be quickly reduced, the response is quick, and the problem that the service life of the battery pack is influenced due to the fact that each path of valve is independently controlled, the operation is tedious and the temperature control is delayed in the prior art is solved; in an emergency high-temperature scene, the pressure of high-pressure air exceeds the opening pressure of the one-way valve, enters the flow dividing air groove and the strengthening air groove and is blown to the battery pack, auxiliary air cooling is formed, the temperature of the energy storage cabinet is temporarily maintained in a safety interval, time is bought for operators to rush to the scene, and the operation and maintenance flexibility and safety of the system are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery thermal management technology, specifically to a battery thermal management system with a precise temperature control structure, which is particularly suitable for collaborative temperature control scenarios of multiple battery packs in new energy storage cabinets. Background Technology

[0002] The battery thermal management system is a core component ensuring the safety and economy of battery pack charging, discharging, storage, and operation. It regulates battery temperature and optimizes temperature distribution through active or passive temperature control technologies. Its core functions include precise temperature control, uniform temperature control, and thermal safety protection. In the field of energy storage batteries, if localized hot spots in the battery pack cannot be addressed in a timely manner, it can easily lead to capacity decay, shortened lifespan, and increased replacement costs. Conversely, if effective heating is not achieved in low-temperature environments, battery capacity and charging / discharging efficiency will significantly decrease. Therefore, real-time monitoring and dynamic temperature control are necessary to maintain the battery pack operating within a suitable temperature range.

[0003] In the prior art, invention patent CN104993189B discloses a liquid-cooled thermal management structure for lithium battery packs. This structure uses a modular pipe frame, temperature sensors, a controller, and a heating device to form a closed-loop temperature control circuit, enabling both high-temperature heat dissipation and low-temperature heating. The detachable pipe frame can accommodate different numbers of lithium battery cells. However, this technical solution has significant drawbacks in multi-pack parallel applications: to achieve synchronous temperature control of multiple battery packs, the liquid cooling modules are arranged in parallel, with a centralized temperature sensing module only located at the liquid cooling return end. When a single or partial battery pack experiences temperature anomalies, such as localized overheating, the coolant in the parallel branches remains evenly distributed. It is impossible to directionally deliver a higher flow rate of coolant to the abnormally hot battery pack to enhance heat dissipation, and it is also difficult to individually block or intervene in the abnormal battery pack. This results in insufficient temperature control accuracy, an inability to quickly resolve the risk of localized thermal runaway, and impacts the operational safety and efficiency of the entire energy storage system.

[0004] In existing technologies, the coolant valves of parallel battery packs are normally open. To regulate the temperature of a particular pipe, the valves of pipes that do not require cooling must be closed one by one, while the valves of pipes requiring cooling remain open. This type of invention has been documented in patent documents such as CN114865849A. Therefore, each pipe requires a separate valve control, making the control operation complex and inefficient, and failing to meet the actual need for efficient cooling response of the battery pack.

[0005] To address the shortcomings of the existing technologies, this invention proposes a battery thermal management system with a precise temperature control structure. By optimizing the liquid cooling connection structure and adding a response switching component, it enables targeted and batch control of battery packs with abnormal temperatures, thereby improving the system's emergency response efficiency and maintenance convenience. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing multi-battery pack liquid cooling systems where parallel branches cannot specifically handle battery packs with abnormal temperatures. It provides a battery thermal management system with a precise temperature control structure, achieving the following objectives: when one or more battery packs experience abnormal temperatures, it directionally enhances the liquid cooling flow to the abnormal battery pack while simultaneously blocking the liquid cooling supply to the normal battery pack, ensuring that coolant is prioritized for temperature control of the abnormal battery pack. This centralized cutoff operation provides rapid response, optimizes the battery pack liquid cooling operating system, and reduces maintenance costs.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a battery thermal management system with a precise temperature control structure, comprising: A new energy storage cabinet housing, wherein at least two battery packs are provided inside the new energy storage cabinet housing, and each battery pack is equipped with a liquid cooling mounting base for realizing liquid cooling temperature control; A liquid cooling circulation assembly includes a water supply pipe, a water return pipe, and a main conveying pipe corresponding to each battery pack. The two ends of the main conveying pipe are respectively connected to the water supply pipe, the water return pipe, and the liquid cooling mounting base to deliver coolant to each battery pack. A switching control component includes a transfer bypass pipe and a switching plug pipe corresponding to each of the conveying main pipes. The transfer bypass pipe is connected in parallel to the conveying main pipe and is equipped with an electrically controlled ball valve. The switching plug pipe is equipped with a plug piston for controlling the on / off state of the conveying main pipe. The high-pressure gas delivery pipe is connected to all the switching and blocking pipes and can synchronously drive all the blocking pistons to achieve synchronous on / off of all the delivery main pipes. In conjunction with the opening of the electrically controlled ball valve of a single transfer bypass pipe, targeted liquid cooling control of the corresponding battery pack is completed.

[0008] Preferably, the liquid cooling circulation assembly further includes a temperature module disposed on the main delivery pipe connected to the return water connector. The temperature module is communicatively connected to the electrically controlled ball valve corresponding to the transfer bypass pipe through a control system. The control system controls the opening and closing of the electrically controlled ball valve according to the monitored target battery pack coolant temperature.

[0009] Preferably, the switching and blocking tube is a receiving component connected to the main delivery tube, and the blocking piston is movably disposed inside the switching and blocking tube; the high-pressure gas delivery tube is connected to the switching and blocking tube and can deliver high-pressure gas into the switching and blocking tube to drive the blocking piston to move, so as to block or open the main delivery tube.

[0010] Preferably, the switching and blocking tube is provided with a first piston groove and a second piston groove distributed vertically. The first piston groove is in a cross-shaped connection with the main conveying tube, and a prismatic guide groove is provided between the second piston groove and the first piston groove. The blocking piston is located in the first piston groove, and a pressing piston is provided in the second piston groove. The pressing piston and the blocking piston are connected by a prismatic guide rod that passes through the prismatic guide groove. The section of the prismatic guide rod located in the second piston groove is fitted with a reset spring for resetting the pressing piston.

[0011] Preferably, the blocking piston has a through groove that is coaxial with the conveying main pipe, and a filter plate is provided in the through groove. The diameter of the filter plate is larger than the inner diameter of the conveying main pipe. When the blocking piston is located at the top of the first piston groove, the through groove is in communication with the conveying main pipe. When the blocking piston moves to the bottom of the first piston groove, the blocking piston blocks the conveying main pipe.

[0012] Preferably, the lower end of the switching plugging tube is provided with a plugging cover that is threadedly connected. The plugging cover is connected to the first piston groove, and when the plugging piston moves to the bottom of the first piston groove, its end abuts against the inner wall of the plugging cover.

[0013] Preferably, the new energy storage cabinet housing is provided with an overlapping mounting assembly for installing the battery pack. The overlapping mounting assembly includes a U-shaped mounting bracket fixed to the inner wall of the new energy storage cabinet housing. The U-shaped mounting bracket has a mounting groove for horizontal insertion of the liquid-cooled mounting seat of the battery pack. The inner wall of the mounting groove is provided with a constraint block and a mounting spring for limiting the position of the liquid-cooled mounting seat.

[0014] Preferably, the front sections of both sides of the mounting slide are provided with telescopic grooves, the constraint block is slidably disposed in the telescopic groove, the mounting spring connects the constraint block to the inner wall of the telescopic groove, and the overlapping mounting assembly also includes a release rod that passes through the U-shaped mounting frame and is connected to the constraint block; the side of the constraint block away from the mounting spring abuts against the side wall of the liquid-cooled mounting base, and the side of the constraint block away from the liquid-cooled mounting base is an inclined surface.

[0015] Preferably, the main conveying pipe is connected to the water supply connector and the return connector of the liquid cooling mounting base via a water hose, and the water hose is sealed and plugged into the main conveying pipe, the water supply connector, and the return connector respectively.

[0016] Preferably, this application also includes an emergency heat dissipation component, which includes a diversion air slot disposed in the U-shaped mounting bracket, an inclined heat dissipation window opened on the side wall of the battery pack cover of the battery pack, and a reinforced air slot disposed on the U-shaped mounting bracket and connecting the diversion air slot and the inclined heat dissipation window. The diversion gas trough is connected to the high-pressure gas delivery pipe via a second gas hose equipped with a one-way valve. The high-pressure gas delivery pipe is also connected to the upper end of the second piston groove via a first gas hose, which can deliver high-pressure gas to the diversion gas trough and blow it towards the inclined heat dissipation window through the enhanced gas trough to achieve emergency air cooling.

[0017] The present invention has the following technical effects: 1. The high-pressure gas delivery pipe of the present invention is connected to all switching and sealing pipes, i.e., the main circuit switching carrier. Each liquid-cooled main circuit's delivery main pipe is connected to a parallel transfer bypass pipe and equipped with an electrically controlled ball valve. The blocking pistons in all switching and sealing pipes are driven synchronously to control the on / off of the delivery main pipe. With the opening of the single-circuit transfer bypass electrically controlled ball valve, it is not necessary to operate the main circuit valves of each battery pack one by one. This can realize the liquid cooling of the other battery packs and the centralized liquid cooling of the target battery pack, with a rapid response. It solves the problems of separate valve control for each circuit, cumbersome operation, and temperature control delay that affect the battery pack life in the prior art. Moreover, after all delivery main pipes are switched on and off synchronously, the coolant in the water supply pipe flows to the target battery pack only through the opened bypass branch. The liquid cooling flow is concentrated, the heat exchange efficiency is greatly improved, and the local hot spot temperature can be quickly reduced.

[0018] 2. The high-pressure gas delivery pipe of this invention connects to the distribution gas slot and the reinforcement gas slot of the U-shaped mounting bracket via a second gas hose equipped with a one-way valve. In emergency high-temperature scenarios, the high-pressure gas pressure exceeds the opening pressure of the one-way valve and enters the distribution gas slot and the reinforcement gas slot, blowing towards the battery pack to form auxiliary air cooling. This can remove heat dissipation from the surface of the battery pack and simultaneously reduce the ambient temperature inside the entire new energy storage cabinet, preventing the spread of thermal runaway risk. Emergency air cooling temporarily maintains the temperature of the energy storage cabinet within a safe range, eliminating the need for operators to rush to the site. This overcomes the limitation of existing systems requiring immediate shutdown under high temperatures, improving system operation and maintenance flexibility and safety. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the battery pack mounting structure of the present invention; Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 Schematic diagram of part A; Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 1 Schematic diagram of part B; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the U-shaped mounting bracket and the battery pack of the present invention; Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 Schematic diagram of part C; Figure 6 This is a side sectional view of the connection between the transfer bypass pipe and the switching sealing pipe of the present invention; Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 6 Schematic diagram of part D; Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 7 Schematic diagram of part E; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the sealing piston structure of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the U-shaped mounting bracket structure of the present invention; Figure 11 For the present invention Figure 10 Schematic diagram of part F; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the multi-battery pack of the present invention inside the housing of the new energy storage cabinet.

[0020] In the diagram: 1. New energy storage cabinet shell; 2. Battery pack cover; 3. Liquid cooling mounting base; 4. Water supply connector; 5. Water return connector; 6. Water supply pipe; 7. Water return pipe; 8. Adapter; 9. Main conveying pipe; 10. Adapter bypass pipe; 11. U-shaped mounting bracket; 12. Mounting slide; 13. Telescopic groove; 14. Constraint block; 15. Release rod; 16. Mounting spring; 17. Water hose; 18. Temperature module; 19. Electrically controlled ball valve; 20. Switching sealing pipe; 21. First piston groove; 22. Second piston groove; 23. Sealing piston; 24. Sealing cover; 25. Through groove; 26. Filter plate; 27. Downward piston; 28. Prism-shaped guide rod; 29. ​​Reset spring; 30. High-pressure gas delivery pipe; 31. First gas hose; 32. Diverting gas groove; 33. Strengthening gas groove; 34. One-way valve; 35. Second gas hose; 36. Inclined heat dissipation window. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clear and complete, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention, and are merely illustrative of the embodiments of the present invention. They are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Please see Figures 1-12 The present invention provides the following technical solutions: A battery thermal management system with a precise temperature control structure mainly includes a new energy storage cabinet shell, a liquid cooling circulation component, and a switching control component. The specific structure and connection relationship of each component are described below.

[0023] First, we will introduce the housing and battery pack installation structure of the new energy storage cabinet.

[0024] Please refer to this carefully. Figure 1 and Figure 12 The new energy storage cabinet shell 1 is a closed cabinet structure, with multiple battery packs horizontally layered inside via overlapping installation components. Each layer of battery packs corresponds to a set of overlapping installation components. This application does not limit the number of battery packs, but preferably, the battery packs are vertically distributed in layers.

[0025] The battery pack includes a battery pack housing 2 and a liquid cooling mounting base 3. The liquid cooling mounting base 3 is fixed to the lower end of the battery pack housing 2, and its cross-sectional area is larger than that of the battery pack housing 2. It has a serpentine liquid cooling channel (not shown) inside, which is used to contain coolant and exchange heat with the battery pack inside the battery pack housing 2.

[0026] For high-power battery packs, such as those with an operating current ≥100A, the serpentine flow channel of the liquid cooling mounting base can be changed to a double spiral structure to increase the heat exchange area. At the same time, the diameter of the main delivery pipe can be increased to Φ20mm to improve the coolant flow rate.

[0027] Please refer to Figures 2 to 5 , Figure 10 and Figure 11 The mounting assembly includes a U-shaped mounting bracket 11 and two constraint blocks 14. The U-shaped mounting bracket 11 is fixed to the inner wall of the new energy storage cabinet shell 1. The layer spacing of the U-shaped mounting bracket 11 is set according to the height of the battery pack. For example, when the battery pack height is 200mm, the layer spacing is 250mm to allow for air circulation. The inner side of the U-shaped mounting bracket 11 has a mounting groove 12 that is adapted to the liquid-cooled mounting base 3. The three sides and the rear end of the liquid-cooled mounting base 3 are horizontally inserted into the groove to achieve rapid positioning of the battery pack. In one specific embodiment, the width of the mounting groove 12 is about 2mm larger than that of the liquid-cooled mounting base 3, and the depth is 50mm to ensure that the liquid-cooled mounting base can be smoothly inserted and removed horizontally.

[0028] The inner walls of the front sections of both sides of the mounting groove 12 are provided with telescopic grooves 13. Two constraint blocks 14 are slidably inserted into the two telescopic grooves 13 respectively. The side of the constraint block 14 away from the liquid-cooled mounting base 3 is inclined to facilitate automatic compression and contraction when the liquid-cooled mounting base is inserted. The side of the constraint block 14 close to the liquid-cooled mounting base 3 abuts against the side wall of the liquid-cooled mounting base 3. A 1mm thick rubber pad is provided on the side of the constraint block 14 close to the liquid-cooled mounting base to increase the friction between the constraint block 14 and the liquid-cooled mounting base. A release lever 15 is provided on the other side of the constraint block 14. The release lever 15 extends through the side wall of the U-shaped mounting bracket 11 to the outside. A mounting spring 16 is sleeved on the part of the release lever 15 located in the telescopic groove 13. The mounting spring 16 is a tension spring to ensure the clamping force of the constraint block on the liquid-cooled mounting base. The two ends of the mounting spring 16 are fixed to the constraint block 14 and the inner wall of the telescopic groove 13 respectively. The spring force ensures that the constraint block 14 always limits the liquid-cooled mounting base 3. Pulling the release lever 15 can release the constraint and realize the quick disassembly of the battery pack.

[0029] The specific structure of the liquid-cooled connection assembly is described below.

[0030] Please refer to Figures 1 to 5 The liquid cooling connection assembly is used to realize the circulation of coolant between each battery pack and the main pipeline. It mainly includes a water supply connector 4, a water return connector 5, a water supply pipe 6, a water return pipe 7, an adapter 8, and a liquid cooling delivery main pipe 9.

[0031] Both the water supply pipe 6 and the return water pipe 7 are vertically fixed to the inside of the new energy storage cabinet shell 1 on both sides. The water supply pipe 6 is used to transport low-temperature coolant, and the return water pipe 7 is used to recover the high-temperature coolant after heat absorption.

[0032] Both the water supply connector 4 and the water return connector 5 are fixed to the upper end of the liquid-cooled mounting base 3 near the outer side of the new energy storage cabinet shell 1, and are respectively connected to the two ends of the liquid-cooled flow channel inside the liquid-cooled mounting base 3.

[0033] Each of the water supply pipe 6 and the return pipe 7 has an adapter 8 on the side closest to each battery pack. One end of the adapter 8 is connected to the water supply pipe 6 and the return pipe 7, and the other end is connected to the liquid cooling delivery main pipe 9. The end of the liquid cooling delivery main pipe 9 away from the adapter 8 is sealed and inserted into the water supply connector 4 and the return connector 5 respectively through the liquid cooling water hose 17 to realize the flexible delivery of coolant and adapt to the installation and removal of the battery pack.

[0034] All pipe connections in this application have been properly sealed to prevent leakage.

[0035] The specific structure of the response switching component is described below.

[0036] Please refer to Figures 6 to 8The response switching component is integrated on the liquid cooling delivery main pipe 9 near the water supply connector 4. It is used to switch the coolant delivery path when the battery pack temperature is abnormal. It includes a transfer bypass pipe 10, a switching plug pipe 20 and a plug piston 23.

[0037] The two ends of the transfer bypass pipe 10 are connected to both sides of the liquid-cooled delivery main pipe 9, forming a bypass branch. The reliable connection between the two ends of the transfer bypass pipe 10 and the delivery main pipe ensures no high-pressure leakage during pressure testing. An electrically controlled ball valve 19 is connected in series in the middle of the transfer bypass pipe 10 to control the opening and closing of the bypass branch. Preferably, the electrically controlled ball valve 19 has a voltage of DC24V, a response time ≤0.3 seconds, and is connected to the control system via a relay.

[0038] A temperature module 18 is installed in the middle of the liquid-cooled delivery main pipe 9, which connects to the return water connector 5. In one specific embodiment, the temperature module 18 uses a PT100 platinum resistance sensor with a measurement range of -50℃ to 150℃ and an accuracy of ±0.1℃. It is installed on the delivery main pipe 5cm from the return water connector, with the sensor probe inserted 3mm into the pipe to ensure contact with the coolant. It communicates with the control system (not shown) via an RS485 bus. The control system can monitor the return water flow temperature in real time and trigger the operation of the electrically controlled ball valve 19.

[0039] The switching sealing tube 20 is vertically fixed in the middle of the liquid-cooled delivery main tube 9, and has a first piston groove 21 and a second piston groove 22 that are connected vertically inside. The first piston groove 21 is located at the bottom and is connected to the liquid-cooled delivery main tube 9 in a cross shape, while the second piston groove 22 is located at the top and its inner diameter is larger than that of the first piston groove 21. The first piston groove 21 and the second piston groove 22 are connected by a prismatic guide groove, which is used to guide the sealing piston 23.

[0040] The sealing piston 23 is vertically slidable within the first piston groove 21, and its outer wall is provided with at least two U-shaped sealing rings, preferably with a diameter larger than the inner diameter of the liquid-cooled delivery main pipe 9, so as to completely seal the liquid-cooled delivery main pipe 9. Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, a horizontal through-groove 25 is horizontally opened in the middle of the blocking piston 23. A filter plate 26, made of 316L stainless steel sintered mesh, is snapped into the through-groove 25, with O-rings sealing the edges to prevent impurities from flowing around. The diameter of the filter plate 26 is larger than the inner diameter of the liquid-cooled delivery main pipe 9, and it is used to filter impurities in the coolant. When the blocking piston 23 is at the uppermost end of the first piston groove 21, the through-groove 25 is coaxial with the liquid-cooled delivery main pipe 9, and the coolant can flow into the liquid-cooled mounting base 3 through the through-groove 25 and the filter plate 26. When the blocking piston 23 descends to its maximum stroke, its lower end abuts against the inner bottom wall of the blocking cover 24, and its upper end blocks the liquid-cooled delivery main pipe 9, cutting off the main delivery.

[0041] The lower end of the switching plugging tube 20 is fitted with a plugging cover 24 via a threaded connection. The plugging cover 24 communicates with the first piston groove 21 and is used to seal the lower end of the first piston groove 21 and limit the downward stroke of the plugging piston 23. The plugging cover 24 has a built-in nitrile rubber gasket for sealing the first piston groove.

[0042] like Figure 8 As shown, a downward-pressing piston 27 is slidably disposed within the second piston groove 22. As is known, a sealing ring is installed on the sealing piston 23 and tightly fits the second piston groove 22 to seal the high-pressure gas above. A prismatic guide rod 28, adapted to the prismatic guide groove, is vertically fixed between the lower end face of the downward-pressing piston 27 and the upper end face of the sealing piston 23. The prismatic guide rod 28 slides vertically through the prismatic guide groove, preventing the sealing piston 23 from rotating and ensuring that the filter plate 26 is directly facing the conveying main pipe 9. A return spring 29 is fitted onto the portion of the prismatic guide rod 28 located within the second piston groove 22. The two ends of the return spring 29 are fixed to the lower end face of the downward-pressing piston 27 and the bottom wall of the second piston groove 22, respectively, for resetting the downward-pressing piston 27 and the sealing piston 23. This application does not specifically limit the shape of the prismatic guide rod 28 and the prismatic guide groove, as long as the anti-rotation function is achieved.

[0043] This application also includes an emergency heat dissipation component, which provides auxiliary air cooling when the battery pack temperature is abnormal, assists the liquid cooling component in dissipating heat from the high-temperature battery pack, and provides emergency heat dissipation for battery packs whose liquid cooling function is temporarily disabled. The specific structure of the emergency heat dissipation component is described below.

[0044] The emergency heat dissipation component includes a high-pressure gas delivery pipe 30, a diversion gas channel 32, and a reinforced gas channel 33.

[0045] The high-pressure gas delivery pipe 30 is fixed inside the shell 1 of the new energy storage cabinet. One end of the pipe is connected to a high-pressure gas source (not shown), and the other end is connected to the upper end of the second piston groove 22 of each switching and sealing pipe 20 through the first gas hose 31. The pipe is used to deliver high-pressure gas into the second piston groove 22 and push the lower piston 27 down.

[0046] Please refer to Figure 5 , Figure 10-11 The U-shaped mounting bracket 11 has a gas diversion groove 32 inside, which is connected to the high-pressure gas delivery pipe 30 through a second gas hose 35. A one-way valve 34 is connected in series on the second gas hose 35. The one-way valve 34 only allows high-pressure gas to flow from the high-pressure gas delivery pipe 30 to the gas diversion groove 32. The opening pressure of the selected one-way valve 34 is high enough to ensure that the high-pressure gas can simultaneously push the sealing piston 23 into place and open the one-way valve, avoiding the situation where the one-way valve is opened but the sealing piston cannot be pushed down. During the channel throttling process, the gas changes from high pressure to low pressure. Under the combined action of the positive Joule-Thomson effect and adiabatic expansion, the gas temperature drops, thereby cooling the battery pack and the surrounding environment.

[0047] The battery pack cover 2 has several inclined heat dissipation windows 36 on both sides of its side walls, which are inclined downwards to allow hot air to escape from the inside of the cover. The U-shaped mounting bracket 11 has several reinforced air grooves 33 on both the upper and lower side walls near the inclined heat dissipation windows 36. Each reinforced air groove 33 is connected to the diversion air groove 32 and is inclined towards the inclined heat dissipation window 36, ensuring that the airflow can be directly blown into the inside of the battery pack cover 2 to achieve auxiliary heat dissipation and cooling.

[0048] This application employs a PLC controller, such as the Siemens S7-1200, or an embedded MCU, such as the STM32F407, which features analog signal acquisition and digital signal output, and can control actuators such as electrically controlled ball valves and air compressors. Optional 4G / 5G communication modules are available for remote alarm functionality. The threshold settings in this application are adapted to the battery type. For example, for lithium iron phosphate batteries, the normal threshold is set to 25-40℃, the abnormal threshold to 40-55℃, and the emergency threshold to ≥55℃; for ternary lithium batteries, the normal threshold is set to 20-35℃, the abnormal threshold to 35-50℃, and the emergency threshold to ≥50℃. Of course, the above is merely an illustrative example and does not constitute a limitation on this application.

[0049] The following describes the collaborative working process of the various components of this invention, which is divided into three stages: normal working state, abnormal temperature response state, and emergency heat dissipation state. When the system is in normal working condition: The battery pack is securely installed using overlapping mounting components. The constraint block 14 abuts against the side wall of the liquid-cooled mounting base 3 under the elastic force of the mounting spring 16, thus limiting its position. To remove the battery pack, pull outwards on the release rod 15 to retract the constraint block 14 within the telescopic groove 13 to avoid the battery pack, allowing the battery pack to be pulled out horizontally. The operation is convenient.

[0050] When the temperature of each battery pack in the new energy storage cabinet is within the normal range, such as 25℃-40℃, the system is in normal cooling mode: the temperature module 18 detects that the return water temperature is normal, the electronically controlled ball valve 19 remains closed, and the bypass branch of the transfer bypass pipe 10 is disconnected; the high-pressure gas delivery pipe 30 has no high-pressure gas output, and the reset spring 29 pushes the downward piston 27 upward through its own elasticity, causing the prismatic guide rod 28 and the sealing piston 23 to rise synchronously to the uppermost end of the first piston groove 21. At this time, the through groove 25 of the sealing piston 23 is coaxial with the liquid cooling delivery main pipe 9.

[0051] The low-temperature coolant in the water supply pipe 6 flows sequentially through the adapter 8, the liquid-cooled main supply pipe 9, the through tank 25, the filter plate 26, the liquid-cooled water hose 17, and the water supply connector 4 into the liquid-cooled flow channel of the liquid-cooled mounting base 3, where it exchanges heat with the battery pack inside the battery pack cover 2. The high-temperature coolant, after absorbing heat, is discharged through the return water connector 5, the liquid-cooled water hose 17, the liquid-cooled main supply pipe 9, and the return water pipe 7, completing the circulation.

[0052] The filter plate 26 filters impurities in the coolant to prevent them from clogging the liquid cooling channels and extend the maintenance cycle of the liquid cooling system.

[0053] When the system is in an abnormal temperature response state: When the temperature module 18 of a certain battery pack detects that the return water temperature exceeds a preset threshold, such as 45°C, the system triggers a temperature anomaly response. The temperature module 18 sends a temperature anomaly electrical signal to the control system, which then controls the corresponding electrically controlled ball valve 19 to open and the bypass branch of the transfer bypass pipe 10 to be connected; at the same time, the control system sends a signal to the high-pressure gas source to start the high-pressure gas delivery pipe 30 to deliver high-pressure gas.

[0054] High-pressure gas enters the second piston groove 22 of all switching and sealing pipes 20 simultaneously through the first gas hose 31, overcoming the elastic force of the return spring 29 to push all the downward pistons 27 down, causing the prismatic guide rod 28 and the sealing piston 23 to descend synchronously.

[0055] When the blocking piston 23 descends to its maximum stroke, its lower end abuts against the inner bottom wall of the blocking cover 24, and its upper end completely blocks the main path of the liquid cooling delivery main pipe 9. At this time, except for the battery pack with abnormal temperature, the liquid cooling delivery main pipe 9 of the other battery packs is blocked simultaneously, and the coolant cannot be delivered through the main path.

[0056] Because the electrically controlled ball valve 19 is open, the low-temperature coolant in the water supply pipe 6 can only flow into the liquid-cooled mounting base 3 of the battery pack corresponding to the abnormal temperature battery pack through the transfer bypass pipe 10, the liquid-cooled water hose 17, and the water supply connector 4. Since the liquid-cooled branches of the other battery packs are blocked, the coolant flow is concentrated on the battery pack with abnormal temperature. Taking five battery packs connected in parallel as an example, the coolant flow is concentrated on the target battery pack, and its instantaneous flow rate increases rapidly. The coolant velocity in the flow channel increases from 0.5 m / s to 2.2 m / s, the heat exchange efficiency increases by about 3 times, and the battery pack temperature is rapidly reduced.

[0057] Because only the electrically controlled ball valve of the target battery pack's bypass pipe is opened, and high-pressure gas synchronously drives all sealing pistons to seal the corresponding delivery main pipe, there is no need to operate the main valve of each battery pack one by one. Only two steps are needed: opening the bypass on a single path and centrally cutting off the cooling main line of each battery pack. This achieves liquid cooling cut-off for the remaining battery packs and centralized liquid cooling of the target battery pack, resulting in a rapid response and reducing the temperature control response time by more than 50%.

[0058] When the temperature of the battery pack with abnormal temperature flows through the temperature module 18, the control system immediately controls the electric ball valve 19 to close and stops the high-pressure gas delivery. The reset spring 29 pushes the pressing piston 27 and the sealing piston 23 to reset, and the system is coaxial with the liquid cooling delivery main pipe 9 through the groove 25, and the system returns to normal working mode.

[0059] When the system is in emergency cooling mode: When the temperature module 18 detects that the return water temperature exceeds the emergency threshold, such as 55°C, the control system increases the air supply pressure. When the air pressure in the high-pressure air delivery pipe 30 exceeds the opening pressure of the one-way valve 34, the system triggers the emergency cooling mode.

[0060] High-pressure gas in the high-pressure gas delivery pipe 30 overcomes the resistance of the one-way valve 34 and flows into the diversion gas slot 32 of the U-shaped mounting bracket 11 through the second gas hose 35. The high-pressure gas in the diversion gas slot 32 is directionally blown towards the inclined heat dissipation window 36 of the battery pack cover 2 through each reinforced gas slot 33, and enters the interior of the battery pack cover 2 to provide auxiliary air cooling for the battery pack. After throttling expansion and the Joule-Thomson effect, the temperature of the high-pressure gas drops to about 18°C. After being blown into the interior of the battery pack cover, it directly contacts the battery surface and can remove about 20W of heat. At the same time, the airflow forms convection inside the new energy storage cabinet shell, reducing the ambient temperature inside the cabinet from 45°C to 32°C, preventing other battery packs from being affected by high temperatures.

[0061] Therefore, while the target battery pack is rapidly cooled by centralized liquid cooling, high-pressure airflow is delivered to the inside of the battery pack casing and the energy storage cabinet by air cooling. On the one hand, air cooling can remove about 15% to 25% of the heat dissipation on the surface of the battery pack, assisting in the heat dissipation of the target battery pack. On the other hand, it reduces the ambient temperature inside the entire new energy storage cabinet casing, preventing the spread of thermal runaway risk.

[0062] At the same time, the emergency heat dissipation mechanism and the liquid cooling enhancement mechanism operate simultaneously. On the one hand, the temperature of the abnormal battery pack is reduced by the centralized liquid cooling flow, and on the other hand, the ambient temperature of the entire energy storage cabinet is controlled by the auxiliary air cooling, so as to allow sufficient time for operators to arrive at the scene to deal with the fault, such as 15 to 30 minutes, to avoid the spread of thermal runaway risk.

[0063] Once the battery pack temperature drops to a safe range, the high-pressure gas supply stops, the one-way valve 34 closes, and the emergency cooling mechanism stops operating.

[0064] When filter plate 26 needs to be replaced, the operator can perform the following steps: Start the high-pressure gas delivery pipe 30 to deliver high-pressure gas to the switching and sealing pipe 20 corresponding to the target battery pack, and push the sealing piston 23 down to its maximum stroke. Unscrew the sealing cover 24 at the lower end of the switching sealing tube 20 to expose the lower end of the sealing piston 23; Remove the old filter plate 26 from the passage 25, replace it with a new filter plate, and then tighten the sealing cover 24 again. The high-pressure gas supply is stopped, and the sealing piston 23 is reset under the action of the return spring 29, completing the maintenance.

[0065] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A battery thermal management system with a precise temperature control structure, characterized in that, include: The new energy storage cabinet housing (1) is provided with at least two battery packs, and each battery pack is equipped with a liquid cooling mounting base (3) for liquid cooling temperature control. The liquid cooling circulation assembly includes a water supply pipe (6), a water return pipe (7), and a delivery main pipe (9) corresponding to each battery pack. The two ends of the delivery main pipe (9) are respectively connected to the water supply pipe (6), the water return pipe (7), and the liquid cooling mounting base (3) to deliver coolant to each battery pack. The switching control component includes a transfer bypass pipe (10) and a switching blocking pipe (20) provided for each of the conveying main pipes (9). The transfer bypass pipe (10) is connected in parallel to the conveying main pipe (9) and is provided with an electric ball valve (19). The switching blocking pipe (20) is provided with a blocking piston (23) for controlling the opening and closing of the conveying main pipe (9). The high-pressure gas delivery pipe (30) is connected to all the switching and blocking pipes (20) and can synchronously drive all the blocking pistons (23) to achieve synchronous on / off of all the delivery main pipes (9). With the opening of the electric ball valve (19) of a single transfer bypass pipe (10), the targeted liquid cooling control of the corresponding battery pack is completed.

2. The battery thermal management system with a precise temperature control structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid cooling circulation assembly also includes a temperature module (18) located on the main delivery pipe (9) of the connecting return water connector (5). The temperature module (18) is connected to the electrically controlled ball valve (19) corresponding to the transfer bypass pipe (10) through the control system. The control system controls the opening and closing of the electrically controlled ball valve (19) according to the monitored target battery pack coolant temperature.

3. A battery thermal management system with a precise temperature control structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The switching and blocking tube (20) is a receiving component that communicates with the main conveying tube (9). The blocking piston (23) is movably disposed inside the switching and blocking tube (20). The high-pressure gas conveying tube (30) is connected to the switching and blocking tube (20) and can deliver high-pressure gas into the switching and blocking tube (20) to drive the blocking piston (23) to move, so as to block or open the main conveying tube (9).

4. A battery thermal management system with a precise temperature control structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The switching and blocking pipe (20) is provided with a first piston groove (21) and a second piston groove (22) distributed vertically. The first piston groove (21) is in a cross-shaped connection with the conveying main pipe (9). A prismatic guide groove is provided between the second piston groove (22) and the first piston groove (21). The blocking piston (23) is located in the first piston groove (21). A pressing piston (27) is provided in the second piston groove (22). The pressing piston (27) and the blocking piston (23) are connected by a prismatic guide rod (28) that passes through the prismatic guide groove. A reset spring (29) for resetting the pressing piston (27) is sleeved on the section of the prismatic guide rod (28) located in the second piston groove (22).

5. A battery thermal management system with a precise temperature control structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The blocking piston (23) has a through groove (25) that is coaxial with the conveying main pipe (9). A filter plate (26) is provided in the through groove (25). The diameter of the filter plate (26) is larger than the inner diameter of the conveying main pipe (9). When the blocking piston (23) is located at the top of the first piston groove (21), the through groove (25) is connected to the conveying main pipe (9). When the blocking piston (23) moves to the bottom of the first piston groove (21), the blocking piston (23) blocks the conveying main pipe (9).

6. A battery thermal management system with a precise temperature control structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The lower end of the switching plug tube (20) is provided with a plug cover (24) connected by a threaded sleeve. The plug cover (24) is connected to the first piston groove (21), and when the plug piston (23) moves to the bottom of the first piston groove (21), its end abuts against the inner wall of the plug cover (24).

7. A battery thermal management system with a precise temperature control structure according to any one of claims 5 or 6, characterized in that: The new energy storage cabinet housing (1) is provided with an overlapping installation assembly for installing the battery pack. The overlapping installation assembly includes a U-shaped mounting bracket (11) fixed to the inner wall of the new energy storage cabinet housing (1). The U-shaped mounting bracket (11) is provided with an installation groove (12) for horizontal insertion of the liquid-cooled mounting seat (3) of the battery pack. The inner wall of the installation groove (12) is provided with a constraint block (14) and an installation spring (16) for limiting the liquid-cooled mounting seat (3).

8. A battery thermal management system with a precise temperature control structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The front sections of the left and right sides of the mounting slide (12) are provided with telescopic grooves (13). The constraint block (14) is slidably disposed in the telescopic groove (13). The mounting spring (16) connects the constraint block (14) and the inner wall of the telescopic groove (13). The overlapping mounting assembly also includes a release rod (15) that passes through the U-shaped mounting bracket (11) and is connected to the constraint block (14). The side of the constraint block (14) away from the mounting spring (16) abuts against the side wall of the liquid-cooled mounting base (3), and the side of the constraint block (14) away from the liquid-cooled mounting base (3) is an inclined surface.

9. A battery thermal management system with a precise temperature control structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main conveying pipe (9) is connected to the water supply connector (4) and the return water connector (5) of the liquid cooling mounting base (3) via a water hose (17), and the water hose (17) is sealed and plugged into the main conveying pipe (9), the water supply connector (4), and the return water connector (5) respectively.

10. A battery thermal management system with a precise temperature control structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: It also includes an emergency heat dissipation component, which includes a diversion air channel (32) disposed in the U-shaped mounting bracket (11), an inclined heat dissipation window (36) opened on the side wall of the battery pack cover (2) of the battery pack, and a reinforced air channel (33) disposed on the U-shaped mounting bracket (11) and connecting the diversion air channel (32) and the inclined heat dissipation window (36). The diversion gas trough (32) is connected to the high-pressure gas delivery pipe (30) through a second gas hose (35) equipped with a one-way valve (34). The high-pressure gas delivery pipe (30) is also connected to the upper end of the second piston groove (22) through a first gas hose (31), which can deliver high-pressure gas to the diversion gas trough (32) and blow it to the inclined heat dissipation window (36) through the strengthening gas trough (33) to achieve emergency air cooling.

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