Battery pack

Abstract

Embodiments provide a battery pack for a power tool. The battery pack includes a housing having at least one terminal configured to electrically connect the battery pack to a power tool. The battery pack also includes a battery cell support structure disposed within the housing. The battery cell support structure is configured to receive and support a plurality of battery cells. The battery pack also includes a circuit board for selectively providing power from the plurality of battery cells to the at least one terminal. Each of the plurality of battery cells has an alternating current internal resistance (ACIR) of less than about 4 milliohms (m [Omega]). The battery pack has a battery pack energy density of at least about 100 watt-hour / liter (Wh / L).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Embodiments of the present invention relate to battery packs. Summary of the Invention

[0002] The operation of power tools under high loads may be limited by the energy density of the battery pack powering the tool. Additionally, power tools used in confined spaces may require more compact battery packs. High internal resistance within the battery cells adversely affects the current output of the battery pack.

[0003] Therefore, one embodiment provides a battery pack for a power tool. The battery pack includes a housing having at least one terminal configured to electrically connect the battery pack to the power tool. The battery pack also includes a battery cell support structure disposed within the housing. The battery cell support structure is configured to receive and support a plurality of battery cells. The battery pack also includes a circuit board for selectively supplying power from the plurality of battery cells to the at least one terminal. Each of the plurality of battery cells has an alternating current internal resistance (ACIR) of less than about 4 milliohms (mΩ). The battery pack has a battery pack energy density of at least about 100 watt-hours per liter (Wh / L).

[0004] In one aspect, each of the multiple battery cells has an AICR of approximately 3.05 mΩ.

[0005] On the other hand, each of the multiple battery cells is a seamless cylindrical battery cell.

[0006] On the other hand, each of the multiple battery cells has a nominal battery cell capacity of approximately 4Ah.

[0007] On the other hand, the battery pack has a nominal capacity of 8Ah and an energy density of at least approximately 140.0Wh / L.

[0008] On the other hand, the multiple battery cells include two sets of battery cells, each set of battery cells being connected in parallel, and each set of battery cells including at least five battery cells connected in series.

[0009] On the other hand, the multiple battery cells include two sets of battery cells, each set of battery cells is connected in parallel, and each set of battery cells includes ten battery cells connected in series.

[0010] On the other hand, the battery pack has a nominal capacity of 12Ah and an energy density of at least approximately 200.0Wh / L.

[0011] On the other hand, the multiple battery cells include three groups of battery cells, each group of battery cells is connected in parallel, and each group of battery cells includes ten battery cells connected in series.

[0012] On the other hand, each of the multiple battery cells has a nominal battery cell capacity of approximately 3Ah.

[0013] On the other hand, the battery pack has a nominal capacity of 6Ah and an energy density of at least approximately 130.0Wh / L.

[0014] On the other hand, the multiple battery cells include two sets of battery cells, each set of battery cells is connected in parallel, and each set of battery cells includes ten battery cells connected in series.

[0015] On the other hand, the battery pack energy density is at least approximately 150.0 Wh / L.

[0016] On the other hand, multiple battery cells include two sets of battery cells, each set of battery cells is connected in parallel, and each set of battery cells includes five battery cells connected in series.

[0017] On the other hand, the battery pack has a nominal capacity of 15Ah and an energy density of at least approximately 120.0Wh / L.

[0018] On the other hand, the multiple battery cells include five groups of battery cells, each group of battery cells is connected in parallel, and each group of battery cells includes twenty battery cells connected in series.

[0019] On the other hand, the battery pack has a nominal capacity of at least about 4 ampere-hours (Ah). Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a first example perspective view of a battery pack according to some embodiments.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a second example perspective view of a battery pack according to some embodiments.

[0022] Figure 3 According to some embodiments Figure 1 The first example cross-sectional view of the battery pack.

[0023] Figure 4 According to some embodiments Figure 2 The second example cross-sectional view of the battery pack.

[0024] Figure 5A According to some embodiments Figure 1 The first example side view of the battery pack.

[0025] Figure 5B According to some embodiments Figure 1 The first example front view of the battery pack.

[0026] Figure 6AThis is a second example side view of a battery pack according to some embodiments.

[0027] Figure 6B According to some embodiments Figure 6A The second example front view of the battery pack.

[0028] Figure 7A This is a third example side view of a battery pack according to some embodiments.

[0029] Figure 7B According to some embodiments Figure 7A The third example front view of the battery pack.

[0030] Figure 8A This is a fourth example side view of a battery pack according to some embodiments.

[0031] Figure 8B According to some embodiments Figure 8A The fourth example front view of the battery pack.

[0032] Figure 9A This is a fifth example side view of a battery pack according to some embodiments.

[0033] Figure 9B According to some embodiments Figure 8A The fifth example front view of the battery pack.

[0034] Figure 10A This is a sixth example side view of a battery pack according to some embodiments.

[0035] Figure 10B According to some embodiments Figure 8A The sixth example front view of the battery pack.

[0036] Figure 11A This is a seventh example side view of a battery pack according to some embodiments.

[0037] Figure 11B According to some embodiments Figure 8A The seventh example front view of the battery pack.

[0038] Figure 12A This is an eighth example side view of a battery pack according to some embodiments.

[0039] Figure 12B According to some embodiments Figure 8A The eighth example front view of the battery pack.

[0040] Figure 13A This is a ninth example side view of a battery pack according to some embodiments.

[0041] Figure 13BAccording to some embodiments Figure 8A The ninth example front view of the battery pack. Detailed Implementation

[0042] Before explaining any embodiments in detail, it should be understood that the application of the invention is not limited to the details of the construction and arrangement of the components set forth in the following description or shown in the following drawings. The invention can have other embodiments and can be implemented or performed in various ways. Moreover, it should be understood that the wording and terminology used herein are for descriptive purposes and should not be considered limiting.

[0043] Features shown or described as part of one embodiment may be used in conjunction with another embodiment to produce yet another embodiment. Therefore, this disclosure is intended to cover these modifications and variations that fall within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents. Detailed descriptions use numerals and letter designations to refer to features in the drawings. Identical or similar designations in the drawings and specification are used to denote identical or similar portions of the invention.

[0044] As used herein, the terms “first,” “second,” and “third” are used interchangeably to distinguish one component from another and are not intended to indicate the location or importance of an individual component. The singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural references unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms “connected,” “fixed,” “attached to,” etc., refer to direct connection, fixation, or attachment, as well as indirect connection, fixation, or attachment via one or more intermediate components or features, unless otherwise specified in the invention. As used herein, the terms “comprising,” “including,” “containing,” “having,” or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of features is not necessarily limited to those features but may include other features not expressly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, articles, or apparatus. Furthermore, unless expressly stated to the contrary, “or” means inclusive or, not exclusive or. For example, any of the following conditions A or B are satisfied: A is true (or exists) and B is false (or does not exist), A is false (or does not exist) and B is true (or exists), and both A and B are true (or exist).

[0045] Approximate terms, such as “generally,” “approximately,” or “substantially,” include values ​​that are within 10% larger or smaller than the stated value. When used in the context of angles or directions, such terms include those within ten degrees greater or less than the stated angle or direction. For example, “generally vertical” includes directions within ten degrees of vertical in any direction (e.g., clockwise or counterclockwise).

[0046] The benefits, other advantages, and solutions to problems are described below with reference to specific embodiments. However, the benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any features that may cause any benefit, advantage, or solution to appear or become more significant should not be construed as key, essential, or fundamental features of any or all claims.

[0047] Figure 1 - Figure 2 The illustrations show corresponding first and second example perspective views of a battery pack 10 according to some embodiments, the battery pack 10 including a battery pack housing 14 having at least one terminal 16 configured to electrically connect the battery pack 10 to an external device. In some embodiments, the battery pack 10 is configured as a high-power battery pack (e.g., having a nominal voltage of at least 80 volts (V)) that can be connected to and operatively powered by a variety of motorized power tools (e.g., cutting saws, miter saws, table saws, core drills, augers, breaker hammers, hydraulic breakers, compactors, vibrators, compressors, drain cleaners, welding machines, cable pullers, pumps, etc.), outdoor tools (e.g., chainsaws, rope trimmers, hedge trimmers, blowers, lawnmowers, ride-on lawnmowers, etc.), other motorized devices (e.g., vehicles, multi-purpose carts, material handling carts, etc.), and non-motorized electric devices (e.g., power supplies, lights, AC / DC adapters, generators, personal electronic devices, etc.). Any of these devices may now be referred to herein as a "device". In some embodiments, the battery pack 10 has a nominal voltage of 40V and can be connected to and operated to power various handheld power tools (e.g., drills, fasteners, saws, pipe cutters, grinders, nailers, staplers, vacuum cleaners, etc.) and other electrical devices. In some embodiments, the battery pack 10 has a nominal voltage of 18V and can be connected to and operated to power various handheld power tools (e.g., drills, fasteners, saws, pipe cutters, grinders, nailers, staplers, vacuum cleaners, etc.) and other electrical devices.

[0048] Figure 3 - Figure 4 Corresponding first and second example cross-sectional views of the battery pack 10 according to some embodiments are shown. Figure 3 - Figure 4As shown, the battery pack housing 14 includes an internal cavity 18 defined therein. A battery cell assembly 22 is located within the internal cavity 18. The battery cell assembly 22 includes a plurality of battery cells 26 and a support structure 30 configured to receive and support the plurality of battery cells 26 within the internal cavity 18. The shape and size of the battery pack housing 14 are adapted to accommodate a predetermined number of battery cells 26 (e.g., ten battery cells, twenty battery cells, one hundred battery cells, etc.). In some embodiments, the battery cell assembly 22 may include two or more battery cells 26. The battery cells 26 may be connected in series, parallel, or a series-parallel combination to provide the desired electrical characteristics of the battery pack 10 (e.g., nominal voltage, current output, current capacity, power capacity, etc.). The battery pack housing 14 also includes a circuit board 32 for selectively supplying power from the plurality of battery cells 26 to at least one terminal. The circuit board 32 can provide operational control of the battery pack 10. For example, the circuit board 32 can control one or more electrical components within the battery pack 10 to control the charging / discharging of the battery cells 26. The circuit board 32 may also receive one or more signals from various sensors. Such signals can indicate one or more characteristics of the battery pack and / or battery cell 26 (e.g., but not limited to, the voltage, current and temperature of the battery cell 26).

[0049] Each battery cell 26 may be a seamless cylindrical battery cell with a wound arrangement (e.g., a jelly roll battery cell). Each battery cell 26 may have a battery cell volume defined by its diameter and length. In some embodiments, each battery cell 26 has approximately 16,540 cubic millimeters (mm). 3 The volume of the cell is defined by a diameter between approximately 16 mm and approximately 20 mm (e.g., approximately 18 mm) and a length between approximately 63 mm and approximately 67 mm (e.g., approximately 65 mm). In other embodiments, each battery cell 26 has a diameter of approximately 24245 mm. 3 The volume is defined by a diameter between approximately 19 mm and approximately 23 mm (e.g., approximately 21 mm) and a length between approximately 68 mm and approximately 72 mm (e.g., approximately 70 mm). In other embodiments, each battery cell 26 may be a cylindrical battery cell with tabs. However, in other embodiments, each battery cell 26 may be a pouch-type battery cell.

[0050] Each battery cell 26 may have a nominal voltage between approximately 3V and approximately 5V. For example, each battery cell 26 has a nominal voltage of 3.6V. Each battery cell 26 may have a nominal capacity between approximately 2Ah and approximately 6Ah (in some cases, between approximately 3Ah and approximately 5Ah). For example, in some embodiments, each battery cell 26 has a nominal capacity of 3Ah or approximately 11 watt-hours (Wh). In some embodiments, each battery cell 26 has a nominal capacity of 4Ah or approximately 14Wh. The battery cell 26 may be any rechargeable battery cell chemistry type, such as lithium (Li), lithium-ion (Li-ion), and / or other lithium-based chemistry types.

[0051] Each battery cell 26 has a battery cell energy density defined by its nominal capacity and volume. In some embodiments, each battery cell 26 has a battery cell energy density of at least 550 Wh / L. For example, according to some embodiments, it has a nominal capacity of approximately 11 Wh and a volume of approximately 16540 mm². 3 The battery cell 26, with its volume, can have a battery cell energy density between approximately 638 Wh / L and approximately 668 Wh / L (e.g., approximately 653 Wh / L). According to other embodiments, it has a nominal capacity of approximately 14 Wh and a thickness of approximately 24245 mm². 3 The volumetric battery cell 26 can have a battery cell energy density between approximately 579 Wh / L and approximately 609 Wh / L (e.g., approximately 594 Wh / L).

[0052] In some embodiments, each battery cell 26 has a low internal resistance (IR), resulting in a reduced temperature rise and higher energy retention during operation of the battery pack 10. For example, each battery cell 26 may have an AC internal resistance (ACIR) of less than 4 milliohms (mΩ) (e.g., approximately 3.05 mΩ). Because the low internal resistance in the battery cells 26 results in a lower operating temperature, the battery pack 10 can be operated to deliver more energy to the device before a cutoff condition (e.g., an overheating event, which in some embodiments causes circuitry 32 to prevent battery cells 26 from discharging when the sensed temperature exceeds a threshold) occurs. Thus, for example, the battery pack 10 can power devices with high continuous loads (e.g., lawnmowers, snow blowers, etc.) or high pulse currents (e.g., chainsaws) for longer periods of time.

[0053] Furthermore, at lower operating temperatures, the battery cells 26 can be arranged closer together within the battery cell assembly 22. Using a more compact battery cell assembly 22 reduces the overall volume of the battery pack 10 defined by the battery pack housing 14, resulting in a higher total energy density for the battery pack 10. The compact battery pack can then be used in a more confined working space compared to conventional battery packs. In some cases, the battery cell assembly 22 occupies between approximately 60% and approximately 90% of the volume of the internal chamber 18. In other cases, the battery cell assembly 22 occupies between approximately 70% and approximately 85% of the volume of the internal chamber 18.

[0054] Figure 5A - Figure 5B The first set of exemplary dimensions of the battery pack housing 14 is shown. The battery pack 10 has a battery pack volume defined by a housing length L1 between about 371.2 mm and about 391.2 mm (e.g., about 381.2 mm), a housing width W1 between about 223.2 mm and about 243.2 mm (e.g., about 233.2 mm), and a housing height H1 between about 89.6 mm and about 109.6 mm (e.g., about 98.6 mm), such that the battery pack volume is between about 7.36 liters and about 10.36 liters (e.g., about 8.77 liters).

[0055] Still referencing Figure 5A - Figure 5B The battery pack housing 14 can be sized such that the plurality of battery cells 26 comprises 100 battery cells. The plurality of battery cells 26 may include five groups of battery cells, each group connected in parallel. Each group of battery cells may include twenty battery cells connected in series. The battery pack 10 may have a nominal capacity of 15 Ah, or approximately 1080 Wh. Furthermore, the battery pack 10 may have a battery pack energy density of at least 100 Wh / L, defined by the ratio of battery pack capacity to battery pack volume. In the example shown, the battery pack 10 may have a battery pack energy density between approximately 118.2 Wh / L and approximately 128.2 Wh / L (e.g., approximately 123.2 Wh / L).

[0056] Figure 6A - Figure 6BA second set of exemplary dimensions for the battery pack housing 14 is shown. In the example shown, the battery pack 10 has a battery pack volume defined by a housing length L2 between approximately 173.5 mm and approximately 193.5 mm (e.g., approximately 183.5 mm), a housing width W2 between approximately 90.4 mm and approximately 110.4 mm (e.g., approximately 100.4 mm), and a housing height H2 between approximately 76.0 mm and approximately 96.0 mm (e.g., approximately 86.6 mm), such that the battery pack volume is between approximately 1.19 liters and approximately 2.05 liters (e.g., approximately 1.58 liters).

[0057] Still referencing Figure 6A - Figure 6B The battery pack housing 14 can be sized such that the plurality of battery cells 26 include twenty battery cells. The plurality of battery cells 26 may include two groups of battery cells, each group connected in parallel. Each group of battery cells may include ten battery cells connected in series. The battery pack 10 may have a nominal capacity of 6 Ah, or approximately 216 Wh. The battery pack 10 may have a battery pack energy density of at least 130 Wh / L. For example, the battery pack 10 may have a battery pack energy density between approximately 131.7 Wh / L and approximately 141.7 Wh / L (e.g., approximately 136.7 Wh / L).

[0058] Figure 7A - Figure 7B A third set of exemplary dimensions for the battery pack housing 14 is shown. In the example shown, the battery pack 10 has a battery pack volume defined by a housing length L3 between approximately 173.5 mm and approximately 193.5 mm (e.g., approximately 183.5 mm), a housing width W3 between approximately 90.4 mm and approximately 110.4 mm (e.g., approximately 100.4 mm), and a housing height H3 between approximately 98.2 mm and approximately 118.2 mm (e.g., approximately 108.2 mm), such that the battery pack volume is between approximately 1.79 liters and approximately 2.59 liters (e.g., approximately 1.99 liters).

[0059] Still referencing Figure 7A - Figure 7B The battery pack housing 14 can be sized such that the plurality of battery cells 26 comprises twenty battery cells. The plurality of battery cells 26 may include two groups of battery cells, each group connected in parallel. Each group of battery cells may include ten battery cells connected in series. The battery pack 10 may have a nominal capacity of 8 Ah, or approximately 288 Wh. The battery pack 10 may have a battery pack energy density of at least 135 Wh / L. For example, the battery pack 10 may have a battery pack energy density between approximately 139.5 Wh / L and approximately 149.5 Wh / L (e.g., approximately 144.5 Wh / L).

[0060] Figure 8A - Figure 8B A fourth set of exemplary dimensions for the battery pack housing 14 is shown. In the example shown, the battery pack 10 has a battery pack volume defined by a housing length L4 between approximately 107.5 mm and approximately 127.5 mm (e.g., approximately 117.5 mm), a housing width W4 between approximately 65.0 mm and approximately 85.0 mm (e.g., approximately 75.0 mm), and a housing height H4 between approximately 69.0 mm and approximately 89.0 mm (e.g., approximately 79.0 mm), such that the battery pack volume is between approximately 0.63 liters and approximately 0.91 liters (e.g., approximately 0.70 liters).

[0061] Still referencing Figure 8A - Figure 8B The battery pack housing 14 can be sized such that the plurality of battery cells 26 include ten battery cells. The plurality of battery cells 26 may include two groups of battery cells, each group connected in parallel. Each group of battery cells may include five battery cells connected in series. The battery pack 10 may have a nominal capacity of 6 Ah or approximately 108 Wh. The battery pack 10 may have a battery pack energy density of at least 150 Wh / L. For example, the battery pack 10 may have a battery pack energy density between approximately 150.2 Wh / L and approximately 160.2 Wh / L (e.g., approximately 155.2 Wh / L).

[0062] Figure 9A - Figure 9B A fifth set of exemplary dimensions for the battery pack housing 14 is shown. In the example shown, the battery pack 10 has a battery pack volume defined by a housing length L5 between approximately 140.9 mm and approximately 160.9 mm (e.g., approximately 150.9 mm), a housing width W5 between approximately 74.5 mm and approximately 94.5 mm (e.g., approximately 84.5 mm), and a housing height H5 between approximately 46.4 mm and approximately 66.4 mm (e.g., approximately 56.4 mm), such that the battery pack volume is approximately 0.72 liters.

[0063] Still referencing Figure 9A - Figure 9B The battery pack housing 14 can be sized such that the plurality of battery cells 26 include five battery cells. The plurality of battery cells 26 can include a group of battery cells. Each group of battery cells can include five battery cells connected in series. The battery pack 10 can have a nominal capacity of 4 Ah, or approximately 72 Wh. The battery pack 10 can have a battery pack energy density of at least 100 Wh / L. For example, the battery pack 10 can have a battery pack energy density of approximately 100.1 Wh / L. Figure 10A - Figure 10BA sixth set of exemplary dimensions for the battery pack housing 14 is shown. In the example shown, the battery pack 10 has a battery pack volume defined by a housing length L6 between approximately 140.9 mm and approximately 160.9 mm (e.g., approximately 150.9 mm), a housing width W6 between approximately 74.5 mm and approximately 94.5 mm (e.g., approximately 84.5 mm), and a housing height H6 between approximately 68.0 mm and approximately 88.0 mm (e.g., approximately 78.0 mm), such that the battery pack volume is approximately 1.11 liters.

[0064] Still referencing Figure 10A - Figure 10B The battery pack housing 14 can be sized such that the plurality of battery cells 26 include ten battery cells. The plurality of battery cells 26 may include two groups of battery cells, each group connected in parallel. Each group of battery cells may include five battery cells connected in series. The battery pack 10 may have a nominal capacity of 8 Ah, or approximately 144 Wh. The battery pack 10 may have a battery pack energy density of at least 140 Wh / L. For example, the battery pack 10 may have a battery pack energy density of approximately 144.8 Wh / L.

[0065] Figure 11A - Figure 11B A seventh set of exemplary dimensions for the battery pack housing 14 is shown. In the example shown, the battery pack 10 has a battery pack volume defined by a housing length L7 between approximately 173.4 mm and approximately 193.4 mm (e.g., approximately 183.4 mm), a housing width W7 between approximately 90.4 mm and approximately 110.4 mm (e.g., approximately 100.4 mm), and a housing height H7 between approximately 67.0 mm and approximately 87.0 mm (e.g., approximately 77.0 mm), such that the battery pack volume is approximately 1.42 liters.

[0066] Still referencing Figure 11A - Figure 11B The battery pack housing 14 can be sized such that the plurality of battery cells 26 include ten battery cells. The plurality of battery cells 26 may include a group of battery cells. Each group of battery cells may include ten battery cells connected in series. The battery pack 10 may have a nominal capacity of 4 Ah, or approximately 144 Wh. The battery pack 10 may have a battery pack energy density of at least 100 Wh / L. For example, the battery pack 10 may have a battery pack energy density of approximately 100.1 Wh / L.

[0067] Figure 12A - Figure 12BAn eighth set of exemplary dimensions of the battery pack housing 14 is shown. In the example shown, the battery pack 10 has a battery pack volume defined by a housing length L8 between approximately 173.4 mm and approximately 193.4 mm (e.g., approximately 183.4 mm), a housing width W8 between approximately 90.4 mm and approximately 110.4 mm (e.g., approximately 100.4 mm), and a housing height H8 between approximately 98.0 mm and approximately 118.0 mm (e.g., approximately 108.0 mm), such that the battery pack volume is approximately 1.99 liters.

[0068] Still referencing Figure 12A - Figure 12B The battery pack housing 14 can be sized such that the plurality of battery cells 26 comprises twenty battery cells. The plurality of battery cells 26 may include two groups of battery cells. Each group of battery cells may be connected in parallel. Each group of battery cells may include ten battery cells connected in series. The battery pack 10 may have a nominal capacity of 8 Ah, or approximately 288 Wh. The battery pack 10 may have a battery pack energy density of at least 140 Wh / L. For example, the battery pack 10 may have a battery pack energy density of approximately 144 Wh / L.

[0069] Figure 13A - Figure 13B A ninth set of exemplary dimensions for the battery pack housing 14 is shown. In the example shown, the battery pack 10 has a battery pack volume defined by a housing length L9 between approximately 173.4 mm and approximately 193.4 mm (e.g., approximately 183.4 mm), a housing width W9 between approximately 90.4 mm and approximately 110.4 mm (e.g., approximately 100.4 mm), and a housing height H9 between approximately 107.0 mm and approximately 127.0 mm (e.g., approximately 117.0 mm), such that the battery pack volume is approximately 2.15 liters.

[0070] See also Figure 13A - Figure 13B The dimensions of the battery pack housing 14 can be determined such that the plurality of battery cells 26 comprises thirty battery cells. The plurality of battery cells 26 may include three groups of battery cells. Each group of battery cells may be connected in parallel. Each group of battery cells may include ten battery cells connected in series. The battery pack 10 may have a nominal capacity of 12 Ah, or approximately 432 Wh. The battery pack 10 may have a battery pack energy density of at least 190 Wh / L. For example, the battery pack 10 may have a battery pack energy density of approximately 200.5 Wh / L.

[0071] While various aspects of this disclosure have been described in detail with reference to certain embodiments, variations and modifications exist within the scope and spirit of one or more of the described individual aspects. Various features of this disclosure are set forth in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A battery pack for a power tool, the battery pack comprising: A housing, the housing including at least one terminal configured to electrically connect the battery pack to the power tool; A battery cell support structure is disposed within the housing, the battery cell support structure being configured to receive and support multiple battery cells; A circuit board for selectively supplying power from the plurality of battery cells to the at least one terminal; Each of the plurality of battery cells has an AC internal resistance (ACIR) of less than approximately 4 milliohms (mΩ), and The battery pack has a battery pack energy density of at least about 100 watt-hours per liter (Wh / L).

2. The battery pack according to claim 1, wherein, Each of the plurality of battery cells has an AICR of approximately 3.05 mΩ.

3. The battery pack according to claim 1, wherein, Each of the plurality of battery cells is a seamless cylindrical battery cell.

4. The battery pack according to claim 3, wherein, Each of the plurality of battery cells has a nominal battery cell capacity of approximately 4Ah.

5. The battery pack according to claim 4, wherein, The battery pack has a nominal capacity of approximately 8 Ah and a battery pack energy density of at least approximately 140.0 Wh / L.

6. The battery pack according to claim 5, wherein, The plurality of battery cells includes two groups of battery cells, each group of battery cells is connected in parallel, and each group of battery cells includes at least five battery cells connected in series.

7. The battery pack according to claim 5, wherein, The plurality of battery cells includes two groups of battery cells, each group of battery cells is connected in parallel, and each group of battery cells includes ten battery cells connected in series.

8. The battery pack according to claim 1, wherein, The battery pack has a nominal capacity of approximately 12 Ah and a battery pack energy density of at least approximately 200.0 Wh / L.

9. The battery pack according to claim 8, wherein, The plurality of battery cells include three groups of battery cells, each group of battery cells is connected in parallel, and each group of battery cells includes ten battery cells connected in series.

10. The battery pack according to claim 3, wherein, Each of the plurality of battery cells has a nominal battery cell capacity of approximately 3Ah.

11. The battery pack according to claim 10, wherein, The battery pack has a nominal capacity of approximately 6 Ah and a battery pack energy density of at least approximately 130.0 Wh / L.

12. The battery pack according to claim 11, wherein, The plurality of battery cells includes two groups of battery cells, each group of battery cells is connected in parallel, and each group of battery cells includes ten battery cells connected in series.

13. The battery pack according to claim 10, wherein, The battery pack has a battery pack energy density of at least about 150.0 Wh / L.

14. The battery pack according to claim 13, wherein, The plurality of battery cells include two groups of battery cells, each group of battery cells is connected in parallel, and each group of battery cells includes five battery cells connected in series.

15. The battery pack according to claim 10, wherein, The battery pack has a nominal capacity of approximately 15 Ah and a battery pack energy density of at least approximately 120.0 Wh / L.

16. The battery pack according to claim 15, wherein, The plurality of battery cells includes five groups of battery cells, each group of battery cells is connected in parallel, and each group of battery cells includes twenty battery cells connected in series.

17. The battery pack according to claim 1, wherein, The battery pack has a nominal capacity of at least about 4 ampere-hours (Ah).

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