Speed-adjustable negative pressure drainage device used after abdominal cavity and thoracic cavity operation

Abstract

The speed-adjustable negative pressure drainage device comprises a drainage tube, a bottle body, a cover body and a negative pressure source connector, the cover body is rotated to drive a top ring cambered surface protrusion to jack up a bead body, a through hole is opened according to the angle gradient, external air enters dilution negative pressure, and linear speed regulation without negative pressure source adjustment is achieved; the bead body periodically opens and closes the through holes to form pulsating type instantaneous suction force, so that the adhesive force between blood clots and the tube wall is destroyed, and blockage is actively prevented; the gradient section of the drainage tube accelerates liquid flow through abrupt drop to generate local negative pressure to pull rear liquid flow; the upper convex hulls enlarge the sectional area of a pipe cavity before sharp drop, decelerate liquid flow and form a vortex region, so that blood clots are separated and deposited due to inertia, and liquid-solid layering is realized; the device has the functions of mechanical blockage prevention, precise pressure control and overload protection, the clinical blockage rate is reduced from 30% to 5% or below, power support is not needed, the device is suitable for postoperative drainage scenes such as the abdominal cavity and the thoracic cavity, and the medical operation load and the complication risk of a patient are remarkably reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of medical devices, specifically an adjustable-speed negative pressure drainage device for postoperative abdominal and thoracic cavities. Background Technology

[0002] In clinical surgery, postoperative drainage is crucial for preventing wound fluid accumulation, controlling infection, and promoting tissue healing. Negative pressure wound therapy devices continuously remove exudate, necrotic tissue, and blood clots from the wound cavity, maintaining wound cleanliness and accelerating healing. However, existing technologies have significant drawbacks in practical application, severely limiting their clinical efficacy and safety, specifically in the following aspects: 1. Traditional negative pressure drainage devices require direct adjustment of the negative pressure source output via an electric negative pressure pump or manual valve (such as adjusting the motor speed or valve opening). However, the negative pressure source in hospitals is generally centrally controlled, involving multiple areas such as wards and operating rooms, making it difficult to adjust from the negative pressure source. Furthermore, the adjustment accuracy from the negative pressure source cannot be very high, requiring repeated adjustments, and it is difficult to determine whether the target negative pressure adjustment has been achieved.

[0003] 2. Existing drainage tubes mostly use a constant negative pressure suction mode, with a single fluid flow velocity, lacking a dynamic intervention mechanism for deposits within the tube lumen: Blood clots and fibrin adhesion: Fibrinogen in postoperative exudate is prone to deposit on the tube wall, gradually forming a dense adhesion layer (experiments show that the blockage rate of traditional straight tubes is >30%), requiring frequent flushing or catheter replacement, which not only increases the burden on medical staff, but also increases the risk of infection.

[0004] Limitations of passive anti-clogging design: Although some technologies attempt to loosen deposits through periodic pressure fluctuations, they rely on complex electronic control systems, which are costly and unreliable, making them difficult to widely apply.

[0005] Traditional drainage tubes are mostly straight tubes or have a uniform aperture design. Their fluid characteristics result in low liquid-solid separation efficiency. In laminar flow conditions, blood clots flow synchronously with the liquid, making effective separation impossible (solid retention rate <10%). Although some improved designs have added filters, the filter pores are easily blocked by cellulose, requiring frequent disassembly and cleaning, thus limiting their practicality. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide an adjustable-speed negative pressure drainage device for postoperative abdominal and thoracic pelvic drainage. Through pure mechanical structural innovation and fluid dynamics optimization, this invention systematically overcomes the above-mentioned limitations and provides a brand-new solution for the field of postoperative drainage.

[0007] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows: An adjustable-speed negative pressure drainage device for abdominal and thoracic surgery includes a drainage tube and a drainage bottle; the drainage bottle includes a bottle body and a cap; the cap is detachably and rotatably connected to the upper end of the bottle body. The upper part of the cover is provided with an air extraction pipe that connects the inside and outside of the cover, and the air extraction pipe is connected to an external negative pressure suction device; A liquid inlet pipe is vertically inserted through the center of the upper part of the cover. The liquid inlet pipe extends upward out of the cover and is detachably connected to the drainage pipe. The other end extends into the drainage bottle. The lower part of the cover body is connected from the outside to the inside in sequence with a first rigid ring plate, an elastic ring membrane and a second rigid ring plate; the outer circumferential surface of the first rigid ring plate is fixed to the inner wall of the cover body, and the inner circumferential surface of the second rigid ring plate is fixed to the outer wall of the liquid inlet pipe. The first rigid ring plate has several through holes, and a bead is placed on each through hole. The diameter of the bead is larger than the diameter of the through hole and its weight is greater than the pressure difference force when the negative pressure is attracted. The bottle body has a top ring at the upper opening, and the top ring has an arc-shaped protrusion corresponding to the through hole. When the cap rotates relative to the bottle body, the arc-shaped protrusion lifts the bead to open the through hole.

[0008] The through holes are divided into two groups symmetrically distributed on the first rigid ring plate, and the area occupied does not exceed half of its circumference; the corresponding arc-shaped protrusions are also divided into two groups symmetrically distributed.

[0009] The cover body is also provided with a stop ring, and its lower surface is provided with a matching concave surface corresponding to the bead.

[0010] The drainage tube includes at least one gradient section, which is composed of multiple downwardly steep segments, with the upper part of the tube wall at the position before the steep drop of each segment forming an upper bulge.

[0011] The gradient segment is manufactured using an integral molding or post-molding process.

[0012] The bottle body is provided with an openable and closable drain port at the bottom, and the drain port is equipped with an anti-backflow sealing valve.

[0013] The elastic ring membrane is made of silicone, and its thickness gradually decreases from the first rigid ring sheet to the second rigid ring sheet, forming a gradually changing elastic response zone.

[0014] The inlet tube and the drainage tube adopt a threaded connection structure, and the interface is provided with an annular sealing groove and a medical silicone sealing ring.

[0015] The drainage method of the device includes the following steps: S1. Connect the drainage tube and the liquid inlet tube, and connect the suction tube to the negative pressure suction system; S2. Rotate the cap or bottle to make the curved surface bulge up the bead to the stop ring, and adjust the number of through holes opened by controlling the rotation angle; S3. In the unrotated state, the elastic ring membrane bulges upward and deforms due to the air pressure difference; during rotation, the elastic ring membrane undergoes adaptive elastic deformation as the air pressure difference changes.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention include: 1. The negative pressure drainage device of the present invention can achieve speed adjustment of negative pressure drainage without adjusting the negative pressure of the negative pressure source. Furthermore, the structure design of its bead body and through hole allows for pulsed adjustment during the speed adjustment process, thereby generating instantaneous suction during the adjustment process. This breaks the adhesion between blood clots or fibrin and the tube wall, causing the deposits or blockages in the drainage tube to loosen and move. In addition, the design of the elastic ring membrane can prevent the instantaneous suction from exceeding the preset value.

[0017] 2. The gradient section of the drainage tube in this invention enables the fluid flow to accelerate instantaneously during a steep descent, creating a momentary negative pressure behind it, thereby pulling the fluid flow and preventing blockage. The upper convex bulge reduces the fluid flow velocity before the steep descent, increases the velocity difference before and after the descent, and improves the pulling effect. Furthermore, the structure of the upper convex bulge promotes the separation of liquid and clots in the fluid flow, preventing blockage. It also increases the descent velocity. When the fluid flow decelerates, denser blood clots and fibrin, located in the lower part of the upper convex bulge, continue to move forward due to inertia, while the liquid forms eddies in the expansion area due to viscosity, leading to solid-liquid misalignment and separation. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the negative pressure drainage device of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a bottom view of the cover. Figure 3 This is a top view of the bottle.

[0019] In the diagram, 1 is the drainage tube; 11 is the gradient section; 12 is the upper convex bulge; 2 is the drainage bottle; 21 is the bottle body; 211 is the top ring; 212 is the arc-shaped convex surface; 213 is the drain port; 22 is the cap; 220 is the suction tube; 221 is the inlet tube; 222 is the first rigid ring plate; 223 is the elastic ring membrane; 224 is the second rigid ring plate; 225 is the through hole; 226 is the bead; and 227 is the stop ring. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0021] Example 1: Linkage adjustment structure between the drainage bottle and the cap In one implementation scheme, see Figures 1 to 3An adjustable-speed negative pressure drainage device for postoperative abdominal and thoracic surgeries includes a drainage bottle 2 and a drainage tube 1 connected thereto. The drainage bottle 2 consists of a bottle body 21 and a cap 22, wherein the cap 22 is detachably and rotatably connected to the upper end of the bottle body 21 via a snap-fit ​​structure. A liquid inlet tube 221 is vertically inserted through the center of the upper part of the cap 22, one end of which extends into the bottle body 21, and the other end is threadedly connected to the drainage tube 1. The interface is provided with an annular sealing groove and a medical silicone sealing ring to prevent leakage.

[0022] The top of the cap 22 is equipped with a suction pipe 220, which is connected to an external negative pressure suction device to maintain negative pressure inside the bottle. From the outside to the inside, a first rigid ring 222, an elastic ring 223, and a second rigid ring 224 are sequentially fixed to the lower part of the cap 22. The outer edge of the first rigid ring 222 is bonded to the inner wall of the cap 22, and the inner edge of the second rigid ring 224 is fixed to the outer wall of the liquid inlet pipe 221. Two sets of through holes 225 are symmetrically distributed on the first rigid ring 222, with each set of through holes 225 occupying no more than half of the ring's circumference. Each through hole 225 contains a bead 226 made of stainless steel with a density greater than 7.8 g / cm³ and a diameter tolerance of ±0.05 mm. The bead's weight is greater than the negative pressure difference force, and it normally seals the through hole.

[0023] A top ring 211 is provided at the opening at the upper end of the bottle body 21, and an arc-shaped protrusion 212 is provided on its surface corresponding to the position of the through hole 225. When the cap 22 is rotated, the arc-shaped protrusion 212 pushes the bead 226 up to the stop ring 227 inside the cap 22, exposing the through hole 225 to adjust the gas flow. The lower surface of the stop ring 227 has a concave surface that fits the bead 226 to ensure that the bead is stably locked in place. The elastic ring membrane 223 is made of silicone material, and its thickness gradually decreases from the outside to the inside. It generates adaptive deformation when the gas pressure difference changes, buffering negative pressure fluctuations.

[0024] Example 2: Structural Design of Gradient Section Drainage Tube In one implementation scheme, see Figure 1 The gradient section 11 of the drainage tube 1 is composed of multiple downwardly steep segments, with the upper part of the tube wall before the steep drop of each segment bulging upward to form an upper bulge 12. This structure can slow down the flow rate of the drainage fluid and prevent blockage of the lumen. The gradient section 11 can be integrally molded or post-molded, preferably made of medical-grade PVC or silicone, which combines flexibility and pressure resistance.

[0025] Example 3: Drainage port and anti-backflow design In one embodiment, the bottom of the bottle body 21 is provided with an openable and closable drain port 213, which is equipped with an anti-backflow sealing valve. The drain port 213 is opened and closed by rotation or pressing, and the valve core is made of elastic rubber to ensure one-way drainage and prevent backflow of external contaminants.

[0026] Example 4: Negative pressure regulation and drainage method In one implementation, the operating steps of the device are as follows: Connection device: Connect the drainage tube 1 to the liquid inlet tube 221 by screwing it on, and connect the air extraction tube 220 to the negative pressure source.

[0027] Adjusting negative pressure: Rotate the cap 22 or the bottle 21, the arc-shaped protrusion 212 lifts the bead 226 to the stop ring 227, the number of through holes 225 opens increases with the increase of the rotation angle, the gas flow rate increases, and the negative pressure inside the bottle is enhanced.

[0028] The elastic ring diaphragm is self-adaptive: when not rotating, the elastic ring diaphragm 223 bulges upward due to the air pressure difference; during rotation, when the air pressure changes suddenly at the moment the through hole opens or closes, the elastic ring diaphragm 223 balances the pressure fluctuation through deformation to ensure the negative pressure is stable.

[0029] Drainage procedure: Open the anti-backflow valve of drain port 213, and the drainage fluid will be discharged under gravity to avoid backflow.

[0030] Example 5: Precision fit between the bead and the through hole In one embodiment, the surface of the bead 226 is polished, and the inner wall of the through hole 225 is coated with a micron-level lubricating coating such as polytetrafluoroethylene to reduce frictional resistance. When the arc-shaped protrusion 212 lifts the bead, it can quickly disengage from the through hole, rotate back to its original position, and then seal precisely by gravity, ensuring the sensitivity and reliability of negative pressure regulation.

[0031] Example 6: Dynamic Response of Elastic Circular Membrane The elastic ring diaphragm 223 has a gradient thickness design with the outer edge being thicker than the inner edge, which causes it to exhibit graded deformation when the negative pressure changes: the outer edge deforms slightly under low negative pressure, and the inner edge bends significantly under high negative pressure, thereby expanding the pressure regulation range and extending the component life.

[0032] The clinical operation process of the adjustable-speed negative pressure drainage device of the present invention is as follows: I. Preoperative preparation Negative pressure source preparation: Connect the suction pipe 220 to the hospital's central negative pressure system or electric negative pressure pump, and set the initial negative pressure value (e.g., -20kPa).

[0033] Patient positioning and incision management: Adjust the patient's position according to the surgical site (e.g., abdominal or thoracic cavity) to fully expose the area where drainage tube 1 will be inserted. Clean the skin around the surgical incision and drape it with sterile towels to avoid contaminating the tube.

[0034] II. Intraoperative Connections and Initial Setup Drainage tube insertion and fixation: Insert the distal end (patient end) of drainage tube 1 into the wound cavity through the incision, to a depth of approximately 10-15 cm (abdominal cavity) or 5-8 cm (thoracic cavity), ensuring that the steep descent segment of gradient segment 11 faces the direction of drainage fluid flow. Suture and fix drainage tube 1 to the skin to prevent slippage.

[0035] Connecting pipes: The proximal end of the drainage pipe 1 is screwed onto the liquid inlet pipe 221 on the cover 22, ensuring that the silicone sealing ring at the threaded interface is fully compressed.

[0036] Start the negative pressure: Turn on the negative pressure suction device and observe whether the elastic ring membrane 223 bulges upward to confirm that there is no air leakage.

[0037] III. Negative Pressure Dynamic Adjustment Operation Rotate the cover 22 clockwise: for every 15° rotation, the arc-shaped protrusion 212 of the top ring 211 lifts up two beads 226, and the number of through holes 225 that are opened increases by two.

[0038] Example: Rotate 30°: Opens 4 through holes, increases gas flow by 50%, and reduces negative pressure to -50 kPa (suitable for postoperative abdominal surgery with large amounts of effusion).

[0039] Rotate 60°: Opens 8 through holes, further reducing the negative pressure to -30 kPa (suitable for closed chest drainage to avoid lung damage).

[0040] Reverse rotation reset: Rotate the cover 22 counterclockwise, the bead 226 falls back to close the through hole 225, and the negative pressure is restored to the initial setting value.

[0041] The buffering function of the elastic ring membrane 223: When the negative pressure changes suddenly (such as when the through hole is opened quickly), the outer edge (thickness 2.0mm) of the elastic ring membrane 223 deforms only slightly (0.5mm), while the inner edge (thickness 1.0mm) is significantly concave (3-4mm), absorbing the pressure impact and preventing negative pressure overload.

[0042] IV. Drainage fluid management and drainage operation Record drainage volume: Record the volume of fluid in the bottle every 4 hours. If the drainage volume in 24 hours is >500mL (abdominal cavity) or >200mL (pleural cavity), be alert for bleeding or infection.

[0043] Observe the characteristics: bloody fluid should raise suspicion of active bleeding; turbid purulent fluid suggests infection and should be retained for testing.

[0044] Drainage procedure: Turn off negative pressure: Stop the negative pressure suction device to prevent air backflow during drainage.

[0045] Open drain port 213: Rotate the drain port valve counterclockwise, and the drainage fluid will flow out through the anti-backflow valve under the action of gravity.

[0046] Anti-backflow mechanism: The silicone duckbill valve automatically closes when the negative pressure disappears, preventing outside air from entering the bottle.

[0047] Cleaning and Reset: After emptying, close the valve, wipe the drain port 213 with an alcohol swab, and restart the negative pressure suction.

[0048] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adjustable-speed negative pressure drainage device for postoperative abdominal and thoracic surgery, comprising a drainage tube (1) and a drainage bottle (2); the drainage bottle (2) comprises a bottle body (21) and a cap (22); characterized in that: The cap (22) is detachably and rotatably connected to the upper end of the bottle (21); The upper part of the cover (22) is provided with an air extraction pipe (220) that connects the inside and outside of the cover (22), and the air extraction pipe (220) is connected to an external negative pressure suction device; The upper center of the cover (22) is vertically connected to the liquid inlet pipe (221), which extends upward out of the cover (22) and is detachably connected to the drainage pipe (1), and the other end extends into the drainage bottle (2); The lower part of the cover (22) is connected from the outside to the inside in sequence with a first rigid ring plate (222), an elastic ring membrane (223) and a second rigid ring plate (224); the outer circumferential surface of the first rigid ring plate (222) is fixed to the inner wall of the cover (22), and the inner circumferential surface of the second rigid ring plate (224) is fixed to the outer wall of the liquid inlet pipe (221); The first rigid ring plate (222) is provided with a plurality of through holes (225), and a bead (226) is placed on each through hole (225). The diameter of the bead (226) is larger than the diameter of the through hole (225) and its weight is greater than the pressure difference force when the negative pressure is attracted. The bottle body (21) has a top ring (211) at the upper opening. The top ring (211) has an arc-shaped protrusion (212) corresponding to the through hole (225). When the cap (22) rotates relative to the bottle body (21), the arc-shaped protrusion (212) lifts the bead (226) to open the through hole (225).

2. The adjustable-speed negative pressure drainage device for postoperative abdominal and thoracic pelvic effusion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The through holes (225) are divided into two groups symmetrically distributed on the first rigid ring plate (222), and the area occupied does not exceed half of its circumference; the corresponding arc protrusions (212) are also divided into two groups symmetrically distributed.

3. The adjustable-speed negative pressure drainage device for postoperative abdominal and thoracic surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cover (22) is also provided with a stop ring (227), and its lower surface is provided with a matching concave surface corresponding to the bead (226).

4. The adjustable-speed negative pressure drainage device for postoperative abdominal and thoracic surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drainage tube (1) includes at least one gradient section (11), which is composed of multiple downwardly steeply descending segments, and the upper part of the tube wall at the position before the steep descent of each segment forms an upper bulge (12).

5. The adjustable-speed negative pressure drainage device for postoperative abdominal and thoracic surgery according to claim 4, characterized in that: The gradient segment (11) is manufactured using an integral molding or post-molding process.

6. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower part of the bottle body (21) is provided with an openable and closable drain port (213), and the drain port (213) is equipped with an anti-backflow sealing valve.

7. The adjustable-speed negative pressure drainage device for postoperative abdominal and thoracic pelvic effusion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic ring membrane (223) is made of silicone, and its thickness gradually decreases from the first rigid ring (222) to the second rigid ring (224) to form a gradually changing elastic response zone.

8. The adjustable-speed negative pressure drainage device for postoperative abdominal and thoracic surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inlet tube (221) and the drainage tube (1) adopt a threaded connection structure, and the interface is provided with an annular sealing groove and a medical silicone sealing ring.

9. A drainage method based on the adjustable-speed negative pressure drainage device for abdominal and thoracic surgery as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Connect the drainage tube (1) and the liquid inlet tube (221), and connect the suction tube (220) to the negative pressure suction system; S2. Rotate the cap (22) or bottle (21) to make the arc surface protrusion (212) lift the bead (226) to the stop ring (227), and adjust the number of through holes (225) opened by controlling the rotation angle; S3. In the unrotated state, the elastic ring membrane (223) bulges upward due to the air pressure difference; during rotation, the elastic ring membrane (223) undergoes adaptive elastic deformation as the air pressure difference changes.

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