Vegetable straw comprehensive treatment method based on quality-based graded recycling

Abstract

The invention discloses a vegetable straw comprehensive treatment method based on quality-based graded recycling, and relates to the technical field of agricultural waste resource utilization, the method comprises the following steps: S1, a pretreatment stage: firstly, carrying out water control drying on harvested crop straws, and carrying out impurity separation and sorting on the straws in the drying process or after drying is completed, the clean straw subjected to drying and impurity separation is packaged or transported in bulk to a centralized processing center; s2, a primary processing stage: classifying the straw into first-grade products, second-grade products, third-grade products and special products according to the characteristics and cleanliness of the straw, then performing crushing treatment, crushing the straw into proper particle sizes, and finally performing compression packaging. According to the comprehensive treatment method for the vegetable straws, the problems of resource waste and environmental pollution which are caused by improper treatment of the vegetable straws and become an important bottleneck for restricting green and sustainable development of agriculture are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural waste resource utilization technology, specifically a comprehensive treatment method for vegetable straw based on quality and graded resource utilization. Background Technology

[0002] Vegetable stalks are the stems, leaves, and vines remaining after the edible parts of vegetables are harvested. Vegetable stalks come from a wide range of sources, and their morphological characteristics vary considerably among different vegetables. For example, the stalks of solanaceous vegetables such as tomatoes and eggplants have a relatively high degree of lignification and thicker stems; the stalks of leafy vegetables such as cabbage and spinach have soft leaves and a high water content; and the stalks of cucurbit vegetables such as cucumbers and pumpkins have long, thin, and highly branched vines. Vegetable stalks contain certain nutrients, such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, as well as small amounts of minerals such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. However, if not properly handled, the indiscriminate disposal of vegetable stalks not only takes up space and affects the aesthetics of the environment, but may also breed bacteria and pests, spreading diseases and pests.

[0003] Vegetable straw. Except for a small amount of straw from a few varieties such as kidney beans, which is used for animal husbandry, the vast majority of vegetable straw, such as that from solanaceous and leafy vegetables, is considered agricultural waste after harvest and is often discarded by farmers indiscriminately in fields or ditches. With the rapid development of facility agriculture and the continuous expansion of the industry, the production of vegetable straw has surged. The resource waste and environmental pollution caused by its improper disposal have become increasingly prominent, and have become a major bottleneck restricting the green and sustainable development of agriculture. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems mentioned in the background art, the present invention aims to provide a comprehensive treatment method for vegetable straw based on quality and graded resource utilization, which has the advantage of being able to classify and treat various types of vegetable straw, and solves the problems of resource waste and environmental pollution in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a comprehensive treatment method for vegetable straw based on quality and graded resource utilization, the method comprising, S1. Pre-treatment stage: First, the harvested crop straw needs to be dried with controlled moisture. During or after the drying process, the straw is separated and sorted to remove impurities. The clean straw after drying and impurity separation is then packaged or transported in bulk to a centralized processing center. S2. Initial processing stage: Based on the characteristics and cleanliness of the straw, it is divided into first-grade, second-grade, third-grade and special categories. Then, it is crushed to a suitable particle size and finally compressed and packaged. S3. Deep Processing Stage: Based on the initial processing grading results, targeted conversion technology is used to process different grades of blocky straw raw materials into high value-added products, which is divided into four pathways: Approach 1: Production of high-quality crude fiber feed raw materials: First-grade straw raw materials are processed using compound microbial enzyme synergistic fermentation technology; Method 2: Edible fungus cultivation substrate: Replace part of the corn cob with first-grade straw raw material (crushed material or fermented material) as the main carbon source, and mix it with auxiliary materials such as wheat bran and gypsum in a scientific ratio to prepare edible fungus cultivation substrate; Approach 3: Production of bio-organic fertilizer: Second-grade straw raw materials, mushroom residue, and livestock and poultry manure are mixed in an optimized ratio; high-efficiency compound fermentation agents are added, and the mixture is processed using a high-temperature aerobic composting fermentation process; Approach 4: Biomass solid fuel preparation: Grade III straw raw materials and special types of straw raw materials are processed into high-density biomass briquettes or pellets under high temperature and high pressure conditions using biomass molding equipment.

[0006] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, during the drying and dehydration stage of the pretreatment, the straw is not taken out of the shed and is naturally dried using the environment inside the shed, in order to fully reduce the moisture content of the straw; this step can significantly reduce the energy consumption of subsequent transportation and crushing, and inhibit mold growth.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sorting and grading in the initial processing stage is based on a strict grading standard established according to the physicochemical properties and cleanliness of the straw. Grade 1: The straw is pure, has a normal color, and is free of mold; Grade II: The straw is pure, but some mold is present; Grade 3: The straw still contains impurities such as plastic that have not been completely separated; Special categories: mainly refers to solanaceous straw, which has a high degree of lignification or may contain specific alkaloids and other components.

[0008] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. This invention innovatively proposes a graded resource utilization strategy based on straw quality (cleanliness, mold status, and species characteristics), which significantly improves the utilization value and product quality of straw of different qualities.

[0009] 2. The deep processing stage of this invention integrates advanced technologies such as microbial-enzyme synergistic fermentation (for feed), substrate utilization (for replacing corn cobs), high-temperature aerobic composting (for fertilizer), and high-pressure densification molding (for fuel), ensuring high efficiency in resource conversion and high added value of products.

[0010] 3. This invention solves the environmental pollution problem caused by the random disposal of vegetable straw, while reducing dependence on fossil fuels (biomass fuel) and mineral resources (organic fertilizer replacing part of chemical fertilizer), which is in line with the development direction of circular economy and green agriculture. Attached Figure Description

[0011] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0012] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0013] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0014] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The phrase "in one embodiment" appearing in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a single or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0015] Secondly, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the schematic diagrams. When detailing the embodiments of the present invention, for ease of explanation, the cross-sectional views illustrating the device structure may be partially enlarged, not according to the usual scale. Furthermore, the schematic diagrams are merely examples and should not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. In addition, actual fabrication should include three-dimensional spatial dimensions of length, width, and depth.

[0016] Example 1 Reference Figure 1 This is the first embodiment of the present invention, and the method includes, S1. Pre-treatment stage: First, the harvested crop straw needs to be dried with controlled moisture. During or after the drying process, the straw is separated and sorted to remove impurities. The clean straw after drying and impurity separation is then packaged or transported in bulk to a centralized processing center. During the drying and dehydration stage, the straw is temporarily left in the shed and naturally dried using the shed's environment, aiming to fully reduce the straw's moisture content. This step can significantly reduce subsequent transportation and crushing energy consumption and inhibit mold growth. S2. Initial processing stage: Based on the characteristics and cleanliness of the straw, it is divided into first-grade, second-grade, third-grade and special categories. Then, it is crushed to a suitable particle size and finally compressed and packaged. The sorting and grading in the initial processing stage is based on strict grading standards established according to the physical and chemical properties and cleanliness of straw. Grade 1: The straw is pure, has a normal color, and is free of mold; Grade II: The straw is pure, but some mold is present; Grade 3: The straw still contains impurities such as plastic that have not been completely separated; Special categories: mainly refers to solanaceous straw, which has a high degree of lignification or may contain specific alkaloids and other components; S3. Deep Processing Stage: Based on the initial processing grading results, targeted conversion technology is used to process different grades of blocky straw raw materials into high value-added products, which is divided into four pathways: Approach 1: Production of High-Quality Crude Fiber Feed Raw Materials: Grade A straw raw materials are processed using a compound microbial enzyme synergistic fermentation technology. Solid-state fermentation is carried out under suitable temperature, humidity, and fermentation cycle by selecting cellulose-degrading bacteria, hemicellulose-degrading bacteria, and corresponding enzyme preparations. This process effectively degrades the lignocellulose structure in straw, significantly increases crude protein content, improves palatability and digestibility, and ultimately produces high-quality crude fiber feed raw materials specifically for ruminants (cattle, sheep, etc.) and large herbivores. Method 2: Edible fungus cultivation substrate: Replace part of the corn cob with first-grade straw raw material (crushed material or fermented material) as the main carbon source, and mix it with auxiliary materials such as wheat bran and gypsum in a scientific ratio to prepare edible fungus cultivation substrate; or after further decomposition and conditioning treatment, it can be used for horticultural crop seedling cultivation or soilless cultivation substrate. Approach 3: Bio-organic fertilizer production: Second-grade straw raw materials, mushroom residue, and livestock and poultry manure are mixed in an optimized ratio; high-efficiency compound fermentation agents are added, and high-temperature aerobic composting fermentation process is used for treatment; temperature, moisture, aeration and turning frequency during fermentation are strictly controlled to ensure full decomposition, kill pathogens and weed seeds, degrade antibiotic residues, and finally produce high-quality bio-organic fertilizer that meets the standards. Approach 4: Biomass Solid Fuel Preparation: Grade III and special types of straw raw materials are processed into high-density biomass briquettes or pellets under high temperature and pressure using biomass molding equipment. This process effectively solidifies small amounts of impurities such as plastics, improving the fuel's energy density, combustion efficiency, and ease of transportation. The product is sold directly as clean biomass fuel for industrial boilers or residential heating. Working principle First, the harvested crop straw needs to be dried with controlled moisture. During or after drying, impurities are separated and sorted. The clean straw, after drying and impurity separation, is then packaged or transported in bulk to a centralized processing center. Based on the straw's characteristics and cleanliness, it is categorized into Grade 1, Grade 2, Grade 3, and special grades. It then undergoes crushing to a suitable particle size and is finally compressed and packaged. Based on the initial processing and grading results, targeted conversion technology is used to process different grades of blocky straw raw materials into high-value-added products through four pathways: Pathway 1: Production of high-quality crude fiber feed raw materials: Grade 1 straw raw materials are processed using compound microbial enzymes... The process involves four main approaches: Approach 1: Fermentation technology; Approach 2: Edible mushroom cultivation substrate: First-grade straw raw materials (crushed or fermented materials) are used to replace part of the corn cobs as the main carbon source, and mixed with auxiliary materials such as bran and gypsum in a scientific ratio to prepare edible mushroom cultivation substrate; Approach 3: Bio-organic fertilizer production: Second-grade straw raw materials, mushroom residue, and livestock and poultry manure are mixed in an optimized ratio; high-efficiency compound fermentation agents are added, and high-temperature aerobic composting fermentation technology is used for processing; Approach 4: Biomass solid fuel preparation: Third-grade straw raw materials and special types of straw raw materials are processed into high-density biomass briquettes or pellets under high temperature and high pressure conditions using biomass molding equipment.

[0017] In summary, the comprehensive treatment method for vegetable straw has the advantage of being able to classify and process various types of vegetable straw, thus solving the problems of resource waste and environmental pollution in existing technologies.

[0018] It is important to note that the constructions and arrangements of this application shown in several different exemplary embodiments are merely illustrative. Although only a few embodiments are described in detail in this disclosure, those who consult this disclosure will readily understand that many modifications are possible (e.g., changes in the size, dimensions, structure, shape, and proportions of various elements, as well as parameter values ​​(e.g., temperature, pressure, etc.), mounting arrangements, use of materials, color, orientation, etc.) without substantially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the subject matter described in this application). For example, an element shown as integrally formed may be composed of multiple parts or elements, the position of elements may be inverted or otherwise altered, and the nature or number or position of discrete elements may be changed or altered. Therefore, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the invention. The order or sequence of any process or method steps may be changed or rearranged according to alternative embodiments. In the claims, any "device plus function" clause is intended to cover the structure described herein that performs the function, and not only structurally equivalent but also equivalent in structure. Other substitutions, modifications, alterations, and omissions may be made in the design, operation, and arrangement of the exemplary embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments, but extends to various modifications that still fall within the scope of the appended claims.

[0019] Furthermore, in order to provide a concise description of exemplary embodiments, not all features of actual embodiments (i.e., those features that are not relevant to the best mode of carrying out the invention as currently considered, or those features that are not relevant to implementing the invention) may be omitted.

[0020] It should be understood that numerous specific implementation decisions can be made during the development of any practical implementation, such as in any engineering or design project. Such development efforts may be complex and time-consuming, but for those skilled in the art who benefit from this disclosure, the development effort will be a routine work of design, manufacturing, and production without requiring much experimentation.

[0021] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A comprehensive treatment method for vegetable straw based on quality and graded resource utilization, characterized in that: The methods include, S1. Pre-treatment stage: First, the harvested crop straw needs to be dried with controlled moisture. During or after the drying process, the straw is separated and sorted to remove impurities. The clean straw after drying and impurity separation is then packaged or transported in bulk to a centralized processing center. S2. Initial processing stage: Based on the characteristics and cleanliness of the straw, it is divided into first-grade, second-grade, third-grade and special categories. Then, it is crushed to a suitable particle size and finally compressed and packaged. S3. Deep Processing Stage: Based on the initial processing grading results, targeted conversion technology is used to process different grades of blocky straw raw materials into high value-added products, which is divided into four pathways: Approach 1: Production of high-quality crude fiber feed raw materials: First-grade straw raw materials are processed using compound microbial enzyme synergistic fermentation technology; Method 2: Edible fungus cultivation substrate: First-grade straw raw materials replace part of the corn cob as the main carbon source, and are mixed with auxiliary materials such as wheat bran and gypsum in a scientific ratio to prepare edible fungus cultivation substrate; Approach 3: Production of bio-organic fertilizer: Second-grade straw raw materials, mushroom residue, and livestock and poultry manure are mixed in an optimized ratio; high-efficiency compound fermentation agents are added, and the mixture is processed using a high-temperature aerobic composting fermentation process; Approach 4: Biomass solid fuel preparation: Grade III straw raw materials and special types of straw raw materials are processed into high-density biomass briquettes or pellets under high temperature and high pressure conditions using biomass molding equipment.

2. The comprehensive treatment method for vegetable straw based on graded and classified resource utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the drying and dehydration stage of pretreatment, the straw is temporarily not taken out of the shed and is naturally dried using the shed environment, aiming to fully reduce the moisture content of the straw. This step can significantly reduce the energy consumption of subsequent transportation and crushing, and inhibit mold growth.

3. The comprehensive treatment method for vegetable straw based on quality and graded resource utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sorting and grading in the initial processing stage is based on strict grading standards established according to the physical and chemical properties and cleanliness of straw. Grade 1: The straw is pure, has a normal color, and is free of mold; Grade II: The straw is pure, but some mold is present; Grade 3: The straw still contains impurities such as plastic that have not been completely separated; Special categories: mainly refers to solanaceous straw, which has a high degree of lignification or may contain specific alkaloids and other components.

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