Method and system for treating oil pollution in high-cold and hypoxic areas

Abstract

This invention discloses a method and system for treating oil spills in high-altitude, oxygen-deficient areas, belonging to the field of oil spill treatment technology. The method includes pretreatment, pyrolysis, energy conversion, and thermal energy circulation steps. The system includes a sealed tank, a horizontal sealed rotary reactor, a condensation recovery unit, a catalytic oxidation reactor, and thermal energy circulation pipelines. The oily material is first dehydrated by low-pressure, low-temperature flash evaporation in the sealed tank; then, it undergoes oxygen-free pyrolysis in the rotary reactor using microwave heating, separating oil gas and residual carbon; after condensation to recover liquid oil, the remaining non-condensable combustible gas and residual carbon enter the catalytic oxidation reactor together, where they are oxidized in an oxygen-rich environment to produce high-temperature flue gas; this flue gas supplies heat to the pretreatment and pyrolysis steps through the thermal energy circulation pipelines. This invention solves the problem of energy insufficiency caused by the failure of conventional combustion in high-altitude, oxygen-deficient environments, achieving clean, efficient, and energy-self-sufficient oil spill resource recovery.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of oil pollution treatment, in particular to an oil pollution treatment method and system in high-cold and oxygen-deficient areas. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the process of oil exploitation, transportation and refining, a large amount of oil sludge is inevitably produced. The oil sludge is complex in composition, containing a large amount of petroleum hydrocarbons, heavy metals and other toxic and harmful substances, and is listed as hazardous solid waste. If not properly disposed of, it will not only seriously pollute the soil and groundwater environment, but also cause waste of valuable oil resources. Therefore, harmless, reduction and resourceful treatment of oil sludge is an important issue of common concern in the fields of environmental protection and energy.

[0003] At present, there are various technical means for treating oil sludge, including physical separation method, chemical extraction method and thermal treatment method, etc. Among them, the thermal treatment method with pyrolysis technology as the core is considered to be an effective way to realize resource utilization because it can convert organic matter in oil sludge into high-value oil and gas products. Some advanced pyrolysis processes even design an energy self-consistent cycle system, i.e. using the combustible gas and residual carbon produced by pyrolysis to provide heat, so as to reduce the dependence on external energy.

[0004] However, most of the existing technologies are designed based on conventional environmental conditions, and when the application scene shifts to high-cold, oxygen-deficient and low-pressure areas with special geological conditions (such as plateau oilfields), it exposes the technical problems and internal contradictions that are difficult to overcome. First of all, the high-cold environment causes the oil sludge to freeze or become a high-viscosity semi-solid, which requires a large amount of initial energy for thawing and preheating, whether it is physical separation or pyrolysis treatment, which makes the energy demand of the system increase sharply. Secondly, and most fatally, the air is thin and the oxygen content is low in high-altitude areas, which makes the energy self-consistent cycle design relying on atmospheric combustion fundamentally ineffective. Oxygen-deficient combustion not only has low efficiency and cannot provide enough stable heat source, but also produces a large amount of pollutants such as carbon monoxide and black carbon, causing serious secondary pollution. Therefore, under the dual pressure of "increasing energy demand" and "severe energy supply constraints", how to build a clean, efficient and stable oil sludge treatment scheme in the extreme environment of high-cold and oxygen-deficient areas, which is energy self-sufficient, has become a technical problem to be solved in the current technical field. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide an oil pollution treatment method and system in high-cold and oxygen-deficient areas, to solve the problem that the existing technology cannot efficiently, reliably and energy self-consistently treat oil pollution in the extreme environment of high-cold, oxygen-deficient and low pressure.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present application specifically provides the following technical scheme:

[0007] An oil treatment system for high-cold and oxygen-deficient areas, comprising:

[0008] a pyrolysis unit, which is a sealed structure for pyrolyzing oil-containing materials in an oxygen-free environment, comprising a material inlet, a heat energy input port, and a fuel outlet for discharging pyrolysis products;

[0009] an oxygen-rich catalytic oxidation unit, which comprises an oxygen-rich gas source and a catalytic oxidation reactor, the fuel inlet of the catalytic oxidation reactor being connected to the fuel outlet of the pyrolysis unit, for oxidizing the pyrolysis products to produce high-temperature flue gas, and having a high-temperature flue gas outlet; and

[0010] a heat energy circulation pipeline, which connects the high-temperature flue gas outlet of the oxygen-rich catalytic oxidation unit and the heat energy input port of the pyrolysis unit, to heat the pyrolysis unit with high-temperature flue gas as a heat source.

[0011] Further, it further comprises:

[0012] a pretreatment unit arranged upstream of the material inlet of the pyrolysis unit;

[0013] wherein the heat energy circulation pipeline further connects the high-temperature flue gas outlet of the oxygen-rich catalytic oxidation unit and the heat energy input port of the pretreatment unit;

[0014] the pretreatment unit is a sealed tank provided with a jacketed heating structure, for heating and dehydrating the oil-containing materials under reduced pressure.

[0015] Further, it further comprises:

[0016] a condensation recovery unit arranged between the fuel outlet of the pyrolysis unit and the fuel inlet of the oxygen-rich catalytic oxidation unit;

[0017] wherein the fuel outlet of the pyrolysis unit is configured as a gas phase product outlet and a solid phase product outlet, and the condensation recovery unit is used to separate the gas phase product into liquid oil products and non-condensable combustible gas, and to deliver the non-condensable combustible gas to the oxygen-rich catalytic oxidation unit.

[0018] Further, the pyrolysis unit comprises a horizontal reactor and a plurality of microwave generators arranged to be able to feed the microwave energy generated by them into the interior of the horizontal reactor.

[0019] Further, the oxygen-rich gas source is a pressure swing adsorption oxygen generator.

[0020] Further, it further comprises:

[0021] an external heat source, the external heat source having a heat energy output pipeline; and

[0022] A heat source switching valve is used to selectively connect the heat energy output pipe of the heat energy circulation pipe or external heat source with the heat energy input port of the pyrolysis unit and / or pretreatment unit.

[0023] Further, the heat exchange switching valve comprises:

[0024] A housing, a first inlet, a second inlet and a heat source outlet are formed on the housing, all of which are in communication with the outside of the housing and arranged along the circumferential direction of the housing;

[0025] A circular valve core is coaxially arranged in the housing, and the outer wall of the valve core is in dynamic sealing cooperation with the inner wall of the housing;

[0026] A rotary drive device is arranged on the outside of the housing for driving the rotation of the circular valve core;

[0027] The circular valve core is formed with an integrated communication channel, one end of the communication channel is always in communication with the heat source outlet;

[0028] The other end of the communication channel is continuously changed between 0% and 100% by the rotation of the circular valve core, so as to realize the smooth switching of the heat source from the first inlet to the second inlet.

[0029] Further, the rotary drive device comprises:

[0030] A memory alloy torsional spring is arranged in the second inlet, a driving shaft is rotatably arranged on the bottom wall of the second inlet, the upper and lower ends of the memory alloy torsional spring are connected with the inner wall of the housing and the driving shaft in the circumferential direction, and the driving shaft penetrates the housing downward and extends to the outside;

[0031] A transmission mechanism is arranged on the outside of the housing, one end of which is fixedly connected with the driving shaft, and the other end is fixedly connected with the rotation shaft of the circular valve core;

[0032] The transmission mechanism transmits the rotation force generated by the memory alloy torsional spring to the circular valve core;

[0033] A gas flow hole is formed in the second inlet for the high-temperature flue gas to flow through the memory alloy torsional spring continuously;

[0034] Further, the side of the housing away from the transmission mechanism is provided with a sealing plate coaxially fixed with the rotary valve core, the opening degree of the gas flow hole is continuously changed between 0% and 100% by the rotation of the circular valve core, and the sealing plate completely closes the gas flow hole when the second inlet is fully opened.

[0035] A method for treating oil pollution in high-cold and hypoxic areas, comprising the following steps:

[0036] S1, fuel preparation step: pyrolysis of oil-containing material in an anaerobic environment to produce pyrolysis products containing combustible gas and residual carbon;

[0037] S2, energy conversion step: catalytic oxidation of the pyrolysis products in an oxygen-rich environment to generate high-temperature flue gas; and

[0038] S3, heat energy circulation step: circulation of the high-temperature flue gas and use of the same as a heat source for the fuel preparation step.

[0039] Advantages of the present application:

[0040] 1. The present application no longer relies on atmospheric combustion which is severely restricted by the environment, but actively creates a controllable and efficient oxidation environment that is not affected by the oxygen content of the outside world by integrating an oxygen-rich gas source and a catalytic oxidation reactor in the system. This environment ensures the complete oxidation of pyrolysis by-products, avoiding the large amount of black carbon and carbon monoxide produced by conventional hypoxic combustion from the source. The intrinsically clean high-temperature flue gas generated is recycled, solving the fundamental technical contradiction between "huge heat demand" and "difficult clean heating" in high-altitude environments.

[0041] 2. The present application creatively utilizes the natural condition of low atmospheric pressure in plateau regions. By heating the oil sludge in a reduced pressure environment, the boiling point of water is significantly reduced, allowing water to be quickly vaporized (flash) at a lower temperature. Compared to the conventional dehydration process which requires heating to above 100℃, the pretreatment step of the present application has lower energy consumption and higher efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0042] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only exemplary, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from the provided drawings without creative labor.

[0043] Figure 1 is a system composition diagram of the present application;

[0044] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional structure schematic diagram of the present application when the rotating valve core of the heat source switching valve is in the initial position;

[0045] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional structure schematic diagram of the present application when the rotating valve core of the heat source switching valve is in the rotating end position;

[0046] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional structure schematic diagram of the present application when the rotating valve core of the heat source switching valve is in the rotating process;

[0047] Figure 5 The cross-sectional view of the rotary drive device of the heat source switching valve of the present application;

[0048] Figure 6 The circumferential limiting connection schematic diagram of the memory alloy torsion spring and the spring seat of the heat source switching valve of the present application;

[0049] Figure 7 The principle schematic diagram of the transmission mechanism of the heat source switching valve of the present application;

[0050] The numbers in the figures represent the following respectively:

[0051] Horizontal reactor-101; material inlet-101a; heat energy input port-101b; fuel outlet-103; gas phase product outlet-103a; solid phase product outlet-103b;

[0052] Oxygen-rich gas source-201; catalytic oxidation reactor-202; fuel inlet-202a; high-temperature flue gas outlet-202b;

[0053] Heat energy circulation pipeline-30;

[0054] Sealed tank-401; heat energy input port-401a; water gas pipe-401b;

[0055] Condensation recovery unit-50; oil product outlet-501;

[0056] Heat energy output pipe-601; heat source switching valve-602; shell-6021; first inlet-6021a; second inlet-6021b; heat source outlet-6021c; airflow through hole-6021d; circular valve core-6022; integrated communication channel-6022a; rotary shaft-6022b;

[0057] Memory alloy torsion spring-701; driving rotary shaft-702; sealing plate-703; spring seat-704; limiting groove-704a;

[0058] Flue gas purification and discharge device-80;

[0059] Gear set-90. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all the other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0061] Reference Figure 1As shown, the high-cold hypoxic region oil pollution treatment system provided by the embodiment of the present application has a basic framework of an energy self-consistent engine composed of a pyrolysis unit, an oxygen-rich catalytic oxidation unit, and a heat energy circulation pipeline 30. Specifically, the system comprises: a pyrolysis unit, which is a sealed structure for pyrolyzing oil-containing materials in an anaerobic environment, and comprises a material inlet 101a, a heat energy input port 101b, and a fuel outlet 103 for discharging pyrolysis products; an oxygen-rich catalytic oxidation unit, which comprises an oxygen-rich gas source 201 and a catalytic oxidation reactor 202, the fuel inlet 202a of the catalytic oxidation reactor 202 is connected to the fuel outlet 103 of the pyrolysis unit, for oxidizing the pyrolysis products to produce high-temperature flue gas, and has a high-temperature flue gas outlet 202b; and a heat energy circulation pipeline 30, which connects the high-temperature flue gas outlet 202b of the oxygen-rich catalytic oxidation unit and the heat energy input port 101b of the pyrolysis unit, so as to use the high-temperature flue gas as a heat source to heat the pyrolysis unit.

[0062] In a preferred embodiment, to treat the frozen or high-viscosity oil sludge commonly found in high-cold regions, the system further comprises a pretreatment unit arranged upstream of the material inlet 101a of the pyrolysis unit; wherein the heat energy circulation pipeline 30 further connects the high-temperature flue gas outlet 202b of the oxygen-rich catalytic oxidation unit and the heat energy input port 401a of the pretreatment unit, to provide heat for the pretreatment process. More specifically, the pretreatment unit can be a sealed tank 401 provided with a jacketed heating structure, for heating and dehydrating (water vapor is discharged from the water vapor pipe 401b of the sealed tank 401) the oil-containing materials under reduced pressure, so as to ingeniously utilize the low-pressure environment of the plateau to achieve efficient water flash separation at a lower temperature.

[0063] To realize the resource recovery of oil sludge, the system can further comprise a condensation recovery unit 50 arranged between the fuel outlet 103 of the pyrolysis unit and the fuel inlet 202a of the oxygen-rich catalytic oxidation unit. In this configuration, the fuel outlet 103 of the pyrolysis unit is specifically configured as a gas phase product outlet 103a and a solid phase product outlet 103b, and the condensation recovery unit 50 is used to separate the gas phase products produced by pyrolysis into high-value liquid oil products (collected from the oil product outlet 501 of the condensation recovery unit 50) and incombustible combustible gas, and to deliver the incombustible combustible gas to the oxygen-rich catalytic oxidation unit as fuel.

[0064] To further improve the processing efficiency, the pyrolysis unit can include a horizontal reactor 101, and a plurality of microwave generators arranged to be able to feed the microwave energy generated by them into the inside of the horizontal reactor 101. The external conduction heat provided by the heating interlayer of the pyrolysis unit and the internal body heating provided by the microwaves form a synergistic effect, realizing the rapid pyrolysis of the material. At the same time, the oxygen-enriched gas source 201 in the oxygen-enriched catalytic oxidation unit, which is preferably a pressure swing adsorption oxygen generator, separates high-concentration oxygen from air on site to provide stable support for subsequent cleaning and complete oxidation.

[0065] Considering that the system needs to be started from a cold state, the system also includes an external heat source (such as a fuel burner) and a heat source switching valve 602. The heat source switching valve 602 is used to selectively connect the heat energy output pipe 601 of the heat energy circulation pipeline 30 or the external heat source to the heat energy input port 101b, 401a of the pyrolysis unit and / or the pretreatment unit. In a high-cold and oxygen-deficient environment, to ensure that the external heat source can work efficiently and stably, the oxygen-enriched gas source 201 can also supply oxygen-enriched gas to it to ensure complete combustion. Referring to Figures 2 to 7 The specific structure of the heat source switching valve 602 can include a housing 6021, a circular valve core 6022 coaxially rotatably arranged inside the housing 6021, and a rotary drive device.

[0066] The rotary drive device can adopt different technical solutions. In one solution, it can be an electric control driving system composed of a motor linked with the temperature sensor signal, realizing the switching of the heat source through active control.

[0067] In a more delicate passive automatic implementation scheme, the rotary drive device includes a memory alloy torsional spring 701. The spring is arranged inside an inlet (such as the second inlet 6021b) of the valve, and a gas flow through hole 6021d for the continuous flow of high-temperature flue gas through the memory alloy torsional spring 701 is formed in the inlet. The torque generated by the spring is transmitted to the circular valve core 6022 through a transmission mechanism. The transmission mechanism can be a gear set 90, the input end of which is connected with the driving main shaft 702 of the memory alloy torsional spring 701, and the output end is connected with the rotating shaft 6022b of the circular valve core 6022. When the system is cold-started, the external heat source is working, and the circulating hot flue gas generated by the system itself will be guided to flow through the gas flow through hole 6021d, heating the memory alloy torsional spring 701, and when the flue gas reaches the preset temperature, the memory alloy torsional spring 701 is heated to the phase transition temperature, and the torsional force generated by it drives the valve core to rotate through the transmission mechanism, thereby automatically switching the heat source from the external heat source to the heat energy circulation pipeline.

[0068] The circumferential limiting connection torque transmission of the memory alloy torsion spring 701 can be realized by the upper and lower spring seats 704, each of which is formed with a limiting groove 704a for embedding the force arm of the memory alloy torsion spring 701, wherein the upper spring seat 704 is fixed to the top wall of the second inlet 6021b, and the lower spring seat is coaxially fixed to the driving shaft 702, since the upper end of the memory alloy torsion spring 701 is fixed to the inner wall of the shell, the torsional force generated by the phase change of the memory alloy torsion spring 701 drives the rotation of the lower spring seat 704 together with the driving shaft 702.

[0069] In order to realize smooth and controllable switching process, a sealing plate 703 coaxially fixed to the rotary valve core 6022 can be arranged on the side of the valve shell 6021 away from the transmission mechanism. The sealing plate 703 realizes continuous adjustment of the opening degree of the airflow passage hole 6021d between 0% and 100% through the rotation of the circular valve core 6022. When the opening degree of the valve main passage gradually increases, the sealing plate 703 will synchronously make the opening degree of the airflow passage hole 6021d gradually decrease, forming a negative feedback, so that the high-temperature flue gas can enter the heat energy circulation pipeline, ensuring the stability of the system operation.

[0070] The application also includes a complete oil pollution treatment process in high-cold and hypoxic areas, covering the whole process from cold equipment start-up, material treatment, system switching to stable self-consistent operation and product disposal.

[0071] Step one: system cold start and preheating

[0072] Start preparation: before the system starts, confirm that the heat source switching valve 602 is in the initial position, that is, the heat energy output pipe 601 of the external heat source (such as a burner) is connected to the heat energy input port of the system.

[0073] Oxygen-rich supply: start the oxygen-rich gas source 201 to supply high-concentration oxygen to the external heat source to overcome the problem of low combustion efficiency in high-cold and hypoxic environments, and ensure that the start-up process is fast and stable.

[0074] System preheating: start the external heat source, and the high-temperature heat flow generated by the external heat source is heated through the heat energy circulation pipeline 30 to heat the heating interlayer of the pretreatment unit (sealed tank 401) and the pyrolysis unit (horizontal reactor 101), until the two units reach their respective preset working temperatures (for example, the pretreatment unit reaches 70-85 DEG C, and the pyrolysis unit reaches 400-500 DEG C).

[0075] Step two: material pretreatment and feeding

[0076] Physical crushing: the frozen or high-viscosity solid oil pollution collected from the field is first sent to a crushing device for mechanical crushing to form small-sized block materials.

[0077] Dehydration under reduced pressure: The crushed material is sent into the preheated pretreatment unit (sealed tank 401). Under the reduced pressure close to the local atmospheric pressure, the material is heated by the heat in the jacket, and the water in it is rapidly vaporized in the form of flash steam and is extracted through the water vapor outlet and condensed for recovery. This step completes the thawing, dehydration and homogenization of the material, forming an oil slurry.

[0078] Transportation of the feed: The pretreated oil slurry is sent into the preheated pyrolysis unit (horizontal reactor 101) through the material transportation device.

[0079] Step three: pyrolysis reaction and product separation

[0080] Anaerobic pyrolysis: In the anaerobic sealed environment of the pyrolysis unit, the continuously tumbling material is rapidly heated and undergoes pyrolysis reaction through the combined action of the basic heating of the external jacket and the bulk heating of the internal microwave generator, and is separated into gaseous products (pyrolysis oil gas) and solid products (pyrolysis residual carbon).

[0081] Oil recovery: The high-temperature gaseous products generated by pyrolysis are guided to the condensation recovery unit 50 for cooling treatment. The high-value hydrocarbon vapors are condensed into liquid oil products and collected, and the remaining non-condensable combustible gas is separated out.

[0082] Step four: system switching and self-consistent cycle establishment

[0083] Energy conversion start: The non-condensable combustible gas separated out in step three and the discharged solid product (pyrolysis residual carbon) are sent into the oxygen-rich catalytic oxidation unit as fuel. At the same time, the oxygen-rich gas source 201 supplies high-concentration oxygen to it to start the catalytic oxidation reaction and begin to generate high-temperature circulating flue gas.

[0084] Temperature sensing automatic switching: The generated high-temperature circulating flue gas flows back to the heat source switching valve 602 through the heat energy circulation pipeline 30. The flue gas first flows through the memory alloy torsional spring 701 through the pre-set airflow passage 6021d (bypass passage) on the valve, and is heated. When the spring reaches the phase change temperature, the torque generated by the spring drives the valve core to rotate through the transmission mechanism, thereby automatically switching the heat source from the external heat source to the heat energy circulation pipeline 30. During the switching process, the sealing plate 703 linked with the valve core synchronously and continuously adjusts the opening degree of the airflow passage 6021d from 100% to 0%, realizing smooth transition of the switching process and finally closing the bypass.

[0085] External heat source shutdown: After the switching is completed, the external heat source and its oxygen-rich supply can be shut down, and the system enters the energy self-consistent operation mode.

[0086] Step five: stable operation and product disposal

[0087] Continuous production: after the system enters a stable running state, the cycle of steps two, three and four is continuously carried out, and the oil-contaminated material is continuously treated. The high-temperature flue gas generated by the oxygen-rich catalytic oxidation unit is circulated through the heat energy circulation pipeline 30 to provide continuous and stable heat energy for the pretreatment unit and the pyrolysis unit.

[0088] Product output: the liquid oil product output by the condensation recovery unit 50 is continuously collected.

[0089] Residue disposal: inert ash is periodically or continuously discharged from the ash outlet of the oxygen-rich catalytic oxidation unit and sent to the residue utilization unit for resource treatment (e.g., prepared into building materials).

[0090] Tail gas treatment: the flue gas cooled after heat exchange at the end of the heat energy circulation pipeline 30 is sent to the flue gas purification and discharge device for treatment and discharge after reaching the standard.

[0091] The above examples are only exemplary embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is defined by the claims. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or equivalent replacements to the present application within the spirit and protection scope of the present application, and such modifications or equivalent replacements shall also be considered as falling within the protection scope of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. An oil spill treatment system for high-altitude, oxygen-deficient regions, characterized in that, include: The pyrolysis unit is a sealed structure for pyrolyzing oily materials in an oxygen-free environment, and includes a material inlet (101a), a heat energy inlet (101b), and a fuel outlet (103) for discharging pyrolysis products. An oxygen-enriched catalytic oxidation unit includes an oxygen-enriched source (201) and a catalytic oxidation reactor (202), wherein the fuel inlet (202a) of the catalytic oxidation reactor is connected to the fuel outlet (103) of the pyrolysis unit for oxidizing the pyrolysis products to generate high-temperature flue gas, and has a high-temperature flue gas outlet (202b); and A heat energy circulation pipeline (30) connects the high-temperature flue gas outlet (202b) of the oxygen-enriched catalytic oxidation unit to the heat energy input port (101b) of the pyrolysis unit, so as to use the high-temperature flue gas as a heat source to heat the pyrolysis unit. A pretreatment unit is located upstream of the material inlet (101a) of the pyrolysis unit; The thermal energy circulation pipeline (30) is also connected to the high-temperature flue gas outlet (202b) of the oxygen-enriched catalytic oxidation unit and the thermal energy input port (401a) of the pretreatment unit. The pretreatment unit is a sealed tank (401) with a jacketed heating structure, used to heat and dehydrate the oily material under reduced pressure. A condensation recovery unit (50) is disposed between the fuel outlet (103) of the pyrolysis unit and the fuel inlet (202a) of the oxygen-enriched catalytic oxidation unit. The fuel outlet (103) of the pyrolysis unit is configured as a gaseous product outlet (103a) and a solid product outlet (103b). The condensation recovery unit (50) is used to separate the gaseous products into liquid oil and non-condensable combustible gas, and to transport the non-condensable combustible gas to the oxygen-enriched catalytic oxidation unit. The pyrolysis unit includes a horizontal reactor (101) and a plurality of microwave generators configured to feed the microwave energy generated therefrom into the interior of the horizontal reactor (101). The oxygen-enriched source (201) is a pressure swing adsorption oxygen generator; Also includes: An external heat source having a heat output pipe (601); and A heat source switching valve (602) is used to selectively connect the heat energy circulation pipeline (30) or the heat energy output pipe (601) of the external heat source to the heat energy input port (101b, 401a) of the pyrolysis unit and / or pretreatment unit. The heat source switching valve (602) includes: The housing (6021) has a first inlet (6021a), a second inlet (6021b) and a heat source outlet (6021c) formed on it. All three are connected to the outside of the housing (6021) and are arranged along the circumferential direction of the housing (6021). A circular valve core (6022) is rotatably disposed inside the housing (6021) and the outer wall of the circular valve core (6022) is dynamically sealed to the inner wall of the housing (6021). A rotary drive device is disposed on the outside of the housing (6021) for driving the circular valve core (6022) to rotate; The circular valve core (6022) has an integral connecting channel (6022a) inside, and one end of the connecting channel (6022a) is always connected to the heat source outlet; At the other end of the connecting channel (6022a), the overlapping area with the first inlet (6021a) and the second inlet (6021b) is continuously varied between 0% and 100% by the rotation of the circular valve core (6022), thereby achieving a smooth switching of the heat source from the first inlet (6021a) to the second inlet (6021b).

2. The oil spill treatment system for high-altitude, oxygen-deficient areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotary drive device includes: A shape memory alloy torsion spring (701) is disposed in the second inlet (6021b). An active rotating shaft (702) is rotatably disposed on the bottom wall of the second inlet (6021b). The upper and lower ends of the shape memory alloy torsion spring (701) are respectively circumferentially limited and connected to the inner wall of the housing (6021) and the active rotating shaft (702). The active rotating shaft (702) penetrates the housing (6021) downward and extends to the outside. The transmission mechanism is located on the outside of the housing, with one end fixedly connected to the drive shaft (702) and the other end fixedly connected to the rotating shaft (6022b) of the circular valve core (6022). The transmission mechanism transmits the rotational force generated by the shape memory alloy torsion spring (701) to the circular valve core (6022). The second inlet (6021b) contains an air passage (6021d) for allowing high-temperature flue gas to continuously flow through the shape memory alloy torsion spring (701).

3. The oil spill treatment system for high-altitude, oxygen-deficient areas according to claim 2, characterized in that, On the side of the housing (6021) away from the transmission mechanism, there is a sealing plate (703) that is coaxially fixed to the circular valve core (6022). The sealing plate (703) achieves continuous change of the opening degree of the air passage (6021d) between 0% and 100% by rotating the circular valve core (6022). When the second inlet (6021b) is fully open, the sealing plate (703) completely closes the air passage (6021d).

4. A method for treating oil spills in high-altitude, oxygen-deficient areas, characterized in that, Using the oil spill treatment system for high-altitude, oxygen-deficient areas as described in claim 1, and Includes the following steps: S1, Fuel preparation step: Pyrolysis of oil-containing materials in an oxygen-free environment to produce pyrolysis products containing combustible gases and residual carbon; S2, Energy conversion step: The pyrolysis products are catalytically oxidized in an oxygen-rich environment to generate high-temperature flue gas; as well as S3, Thermal Energy Cycling Step: The high-temperature flue gas is circulated and used as a heat source to heat the fuel preparation step.

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