Mycelium, fermentation method thereof and preparation method of mycelium leather layer
By controlling the aeration ratio, pH, and rotation speed during fermentation, and by conducting fermentation in stages and adjusting the air aeration ratio and pH during post-processing, the problem of fragile mycelial structure was solved, and a mycelial leather layer suitable for leather was prepared.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202410598391.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-05-14
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-14
AI Technical Summary
In existing high-density fermentation techniques, the mycelial structure is fragile and cannot form materials suitable for leather use, resulting in structural defects.
By controlling the aeration ratio, pH, and rotation speed during the fermentation process, fermentation is carried out in stages, and the air aeration ratio and pH are adjusted during post-treatment to ensure that the mycelium grows under the most suitable conditions at each stage, thereby improving the structural rigidity of the mycelium.
The prepared mycelium has a good rigidity and can be used to prepare leather layers. The leather layers have high tensile strength and good thickness uniformity.
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of mycelium, and more particularly to a mycelium and its fermentation method, and a method for preparing a mycelium leather layer. Background Technology
[0002] Currently, mycelial fermentation mainly focuses on high-density fermentation to extract active products and medicinal value. Most mycelial fermentation routes pursue the large-scale synthesis of medicinal components through high-density layered liquid fermentation. However, at high densities, the synthesis of active mycelial components and the growth of mycelial structures compete for energy and carbon sources. High-density fermentation of active components can lead to poor mycelial development and fragile structures, making it impossible to form materials suitable for leather. How to ferment mycelium to obtain mycelium that can be used as leather material is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention
[0003] This application provides a fermentation method for mycelium, which can improve the structural rigidity of the obtained mycelium.
[0004] This application provides a method for fermenting mycelium, comprising:
[0005] The mycelial seed liquid was inoculated into the fermentation medium, and air was introduced to carry out fermentation;
[0006] After fermentation, post-processing is performed to obtain mycelium;
[0007] The fermentation process has multiple stages, including a first fermentation stage and a second fermentation stage.
[0008] The first fermentation stage is carried out, in which the air has a first ventilation ratio P1 and the fermentation medium has a first pH1.
[0009] After the first fermentation stage is completed, the second fermentation stage is carried out. In the second fermentation stage, the air has a second ventilation ratio P2 and the fermentation medium has a second pH value pH2.
[0010] During the post-treatment, the air has a post-treatment aeration ratio P0, and the fermentation medium has a post-treatment pH 0.
[0011] It satisfies: P1≤P0≤P2, pH0≤pH2≤pH1.
[0012] In some implementations, the post-treatment ventilation ratio P0 satisfies: 1.4vvm≤P0≤1.6vvm.
[0013] In some embodiments, the post-treatment pH0 satisfies: 5.5 ≤ pH0 ≤ 6.0.
[0014] In some implementations, the first ventilation ratio P1 satisfies: 1.0vvm≤P1≤1.4vvm.
[0015] In some implementations, the second ventilation ratio P2 satisfies: 1.4vvm≤P2≤1.6vvm.
[0016] In some embodiments, the first pH value, pH1, satisfies the following condition: 6.0 ≤ pH1 ≤ 6.5.
[0017] In some embodiments, the second pH value, pH2, satisfies: 6.0 ≤ pH2 ≤ 6.5.
[0018] In some embodiments, during the first fermentation stage, the fermentation medium has a first rotational speed V1; during the second fermentation stage, the fermentation medium has a second rotational speed V2; and during the post-treatment, the fermentation medium has a post-treatment rotational speed V0.
[0019] It satisfies: V0≤V2≤V1.
[0020] In some implementations, the first rotational speed V1 satisfies: 150RPM≤V1≤200RPM.
[0021] In some embodiments, the second rotational speed V2 satisfies: 100RPM≤V2≤150RPM.
[0022] In some implementations, the post-processing rotational speed V0 satisfies: 100RPM≤V0≤150RPM.
[0023] In some implementations, the first fermentation stage has a first time t1, which satisfies: 0h≤t1<24h.
[0024] In some implementations, the second fermentation stage has a second time t2, satisfying: 24h ≤ t2 < 72h.
[0025] In some implementations, the post-processing has a post-processing time t0, which satisfies: t0 ≥ 72h.
[0026] In some embodiments, the volume ratio of the mycelial seed solution to the fermentation medium is 2% to 20%.
[0027] In some embodiments, the mycelial seed liquid includes at least one of Ganoderma lucidum mycelial seed liquid, Cordyceps militaris seed liquid, and Morel mushroom seed liquid.
[0028] In some embodiments, the fermentation medium includes a first carbon source and a first inorganic salt; the mass-volume fraction of the first carbon source to the fermentation medium is 1% to 5%; and the mass-volume fraction of the first inorganic salt to the fermentation medium is 0.1% to 0.5%.
[0029] In some embodiments, the first carbon source includes at least one of glucose and potato extract.
[0030] In some embodiments, the first inorganic salt includes at least one of magnesium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
[0031] Accordingly, this application also provides a method for preparing a mycelial leather layer, comprising:
[0032] Provide slant culture medium;
[0033] The mycelium prepared by the fermentation method of mycelium as described above, or the mycelium as described above, is inoculated into the slant culture medium to grow a mycelial leather layer.
[0034] In some embodiments, the growth time of the mycelial leather layer is 15 to 25 days.
[0035] In some embodiments, the growth temperature of the mycelial leather layer is 22°C to 28°C.
[0036] In some embodiments, the pH of the slant culture medium is 5.0 to 6.5.
[0037] In some embodiments, the slant culture medium includes a second carbon source, a second inorganic salt, and a coagulant; the mass-volume fraction of the second carbon source in the slant culture medium is 1% to 5%; the mass-volume fraction of the second inorganic salt in the slant culture medium is 0.1% to 0.5%; and the mass-volume fraction of the coagulant in the slant culture medium is 0.5% to 5%.
[0038] In some embodiments, the second carbon source includes at least one of glucose and potato extract.
[0039] In some embodiments, the second inorganic salt includes at least one of magnesium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
[0040] In some embodiments, the coagulant includes at least one of agar, gelatin, and starch.
[0041] This application provides a method for fermenting mycelium, comprising: inoculating a mycelium seed solution into a fermentation medium and introducing air to carry out fermentation; after fermentation, performing post-treatment to obtain mycelium; wherein the fermentation has multiple stages, including a first fermentation stage and a second fermentation stage; in the first fermentation stage, the air has a first aeration ratio P1 and the fermentation medium has a first pH 1; after the first fermentation stage, the second fermentation stage is carried out, in which the air has a second aeration ratio P2 and the fermentation medium has a second pH 2; during the post-treatment, the air has a post-treatment aeration ratio P0 and the fermentation medium has a post-treatment pH 0; satisfying: P1≤P0≤P2, pH0≤pH2≤pH1. By controlling the aeration ratio and pH during fermentation and post-treatment, this application can improve the structural rigidity of the obtained mycelium, and the prepared mycelium can be used to prepare leather layers. Detailed Implementation
[0042] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.
[0043] It should be noted that the use of designations such as [first], [second], [third], and [fourth] in this application does not imply any order, quantity, or importance; they are merely used to distinguish different parts. Therefore, the designations are used to explain and understand this application, and not to limit it.
[0044] This application provides a mycelium and its fermentation method, as well as a method for preparing a mycelium leather layer. The following will describe this application in detail with reference to specific embodiments.
[0045] This application provides a method for fermenting mycelium, comprising:
[0046] Step S1: Inoculate the mycelial seed liquid into the fermentation medium and introduce air to carry out fermentation;
[0047] Step S2: After fermentation, post-processing is performed to obtain mycelium;
[0048] Fermentation has multiple stages, including a first fermentation stage and a second fermentation stage.
[0049] The first fermentation stage is carried out. In the first fermentation stage, the air has a first aeration ratio P1 and the fermentation medium has a first acidity pH1.
[0050] After the first fermentation stage is completed, the second fermentation stage is carried out. In the second fermentation stage, the air has a second aeration ratio P2 and the fermentation medium has a second pH value.
[0051] During post-treatment, the air has a post-treatment aeration ratio P0, and the fermentation medium has a post-treatment pH 0.
[0052] It satisfies: P1≤P0≤P2, pH0≤pH2≤pH1.
[0053] It is understandable that the air-to-volume ratio affects the dissolved oxygen content of the fermentation medium, and the pH affects the mycelial growth structure. The first fermentation stage is the initial fermentation stage, and maintaining the optimal air-to-volume ratio and pH during this stage increases the mycelial growth rate. The second fermentation stage is the middle and later fermentation stage, where maintaining the optimal air-to-volume ratio and pH utilizes natural growth patterns to ensure the formation of the mycelial structure. This application improves the structural rigidity of the obtained mycelium by controlling the air-to-volume ratio and pH during the first fermentation stage, the second fermentation stage, and the post-treatment, satisfying: P1≤P0≤P2, pH0≤pH2≤pH1.
[0054] In some embodiments, during fermentation, the fermentation medium has a fermentation temperature T1 that satisfies the condition: 24℃ ≤ T1 ≤ 26℃. Specifically, the fermentation temperature T1 is any one or any combination of two of the values of 24℃, 25℃, and 26℃.
[0055] In some embodiments, during post-treatment, the fermentation medium has a post-treatment temperature T0 that satisfies: 24℃ ≤ T0 ≤ 26℃. Specifically, the post-treatment temperature T0 is any one or any combination of two of 24℃, 25℃, and 26℃.
[0056] In some implementations, the fermentation temperature T1 and the post-treatment temperature T0 can be the same or different.
[0057] In some implementations, fermentation has two or more stages.
[0058] In some implementations, the post-treatment ventilation ratio P0 satisfies: 1.4vvm ≤ P0 ≤ 1.6vvm. Specifically, the post-treatment ventilation ratio P0 can be any one of 1.4vvm, 1.5vvm, and 1.6vvm, or a range of any two of these values.
[0059] Understandably, during post-treatment, the air aeration ratio should be less than or equal to that during the second fermentation stage to help improve the structural rigidity of the resulting mycelium. In some embodiments, the post-treatment pH 0 satisfies: 5.5 ≤ pH 0 ≤ 6.0. Specifically, the post-treatment pH 0 can be any one of 5.5, 6.0, or 6.5, or a range of any two values.
[0060] In some implementations, the first ventilation ratio P1 satisfies: 1.0vvm ≤ P1 ≤ 1.4vvm. Specifically, the first ventilation ratio P1 can be any one value or a range of any two values among 1.0vvm, 1.1vvm, 1.2vvm, 1.3vvm, and 1.4vvm.
[0061] In some implementations, the second ventilation ratio P2 satisfies: 1.4vvm ≤ P2 ≤ 1.6vvm. Specifically, the second ventilation ratio P2 can be any one of 1.4vvm, 1.5vvm, and 1.6vvm, or a range of any two of these values.
[0062] In some implementations, the first pH value, pH1, satisfies the condition: 6.0 ≤ pH1 ≤ 6.5. Specifically, the first pH value, pH1, can be any one of 6.0 and 6.5, or a range consisting of any two values.
[0063] In some implementations, the second pH value, pH2, satisfies the condition: 6.0 ≤ pH2 ≤ 6.5. Specifically, the second pH value, pH2, can be any one of 6.0 and 6.5, or a range consisting of any two values.
[0064] In some embodiments, during the first fermentation stage, the fermentation medium has a first rotational speed V1; during the second fermentation stage, the fermentation medium has a second rotational speed V2; and during post-treatment, the fermentation medium has a post-treatment rotational speed V0; satisfying: V0≤V2≤V1.
[0065] It is understandable that the first fermentation stage is the initial stage of fermentation, in which the dissolved oxygen content in the fermentation medium is maintained by high rotation speed, thereby increasing the mycelial growth rate; the second fermentation stage is the middle and late stage of fermentation, in which the physical shearing effect during fermentation is reduced by lowering the rotation speed, and the mycelial structure is ensured by utilizing the natural growth law; this application can further improve the structural rigidity of the obtained mycelium by controlling the rotation speed of the fermentation medium in the first fermentation stage, the second fermentation stage and the post-treatment to satisfy: V0≤V2≤V1.
[0066] In some implementations, the first rotational speed V1 satisfies: 150 RPM ≤ V1 ≤ 200 RPM. Specifically, the first rotational speed V1 can be any one or any two of the following values: 150 RPM, 155 RPM, 160 RPM, 165 RPM, 170 RPM, 175 RPM, 180 RPM, 185 RPM, 190 RPM, 195 RPM, and 200 RPM.
[0067] In some implementations, the second rotational speed V2 satisfies: 100RPM ≤ V2 ≤ 150RPM. Specifically, the second rotational speed V2 can be any one or any two values from 100RPM, 105RPM, 110RPM, 115RPM, 120RPM, 125RPM, 130RPM, 135RPM, 140RPM, 145RPM, and 150RPM.
[0068] In some implementations, the post-processing speed V0 satisfies: 100RPM ≤ V0 ≤ 150RPM. Specifically, the post-processing speed V0 can be any one value or a range of any two values from 100RPM, 105RPM, 110RPM, 115RPM, 120RPM, 125RPM, 130RPM, 135RPM, 140RPM, 145RPM, and 150RPM.
[0069] In some implementations, the first fermentation stage has a first time t1, satisfying: 0h ≤ t1 < 24h. Specifically, the first time t1 can be any one value or a range of any two values from 0h, 2h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 10h, 12h, 14h, 16h, 18h, 20h, 12h, and 23h.
[0070] In some implementations, the second fermentation stage has a second time t2, satisfying: 24h ≤ t2 < 72h. Specifically, the second time t2 can be any one value or a range of any two values from 24h, 26h, 28h, 30h, 32h, 34h, 36h, 38h, 40h, 42h, 44h, 46h, 48h, 50h, 52h, 54h, 56h, 58h, 60h, 62h, 64h, 66h, 68h, 70h, and 71h.
[0071] In some implementations, the post-processing has a post-processing time t0, which satisfies: t0 ≥ 72h. Specifically, the post-processing time t0 can be any one or a range of any two values from 72h, 74h, 76h, 78h, 72h, 74h, 76h, 78h, 80h, 82h, and 84h.
[0072] In some embodiments, after the first fermentation stage, the pH of the fermentation medium is adjusted by adding a first pH adjuster. Specifically, the first pH adjuster is selected from at least one alkaline buffer solution such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonia, carbonate, and tromethamine (Tris).
[0073] In some embodiments, after the second fermentation stage, the pH of the fermentation medium is adjusted by adding a second pH adjuster. Specifically, the second pH adjuster is selected from at least one alkaline buffer solution such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonia, carbonate, and tromethamine (Tris).
[0074] In some embodiments, the volume ratio (v / v) of mycelial seed culture to fermentation medium is 2% to 20%. Specifically, the volume ratio (v / v) of mycelial seed culture to fermentation medium is any one or any two of the following values: 2%, 5%, 7%, 10%, 12%, 15%, 17%, and 20%.
[0075] It is understandable that by controlling the volume ratio (v / v) of mycelial seed liquid to fermentation medium to be 2% to 20%, the inoculation amount of mycelial seed liquid in fermentation medium can be controlled, which is beneficial to mycelial fermentation culture.
[0076] In some embodiments, the mycelial seed liquid includes at least one of Ganoderma lucidum mycelial seed liquid, Cordyceps militaris seed liquid, and Morel mushroom seed liquid.
[0077] In some embodiments, the mycelium includes at least one of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium, Cordyceps militaris, and morel mushroom.
[0078] In some embodiments, the fermentation medium includes a first carbon source and a first inorganic salt; the mass-volume fraction (w / v) of the first carbon source to the fermentation medium is 1% to 5%; and the mass-volume fraction (w / v) of the first inorganic salt to the fermentation medium is 0.1% to 0.5%. Specifically, the mass-volume fraction (w / v) of the first carbon source to the fermentation medium can be any one or any combination of two values from 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%; and the mass-volume fraction (w / v) of the first inorganic salt to the fermentation medium can be any one or any combination of two values from 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, and 0.5%.
[0079] In some embodiments, the first carbon source includes at least one of glucose and potato extract.
[0080] In some embodiments, the first inorganic salt includes at least one of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO3).
[0081] In one specific embodiment, the fermentation medium comprises 25 g / L anhydrous glucose, 200 g / L potato extract, 1 g / L KH2PO3, and 0.5 g / L MgSO4.
[0082] Accordingly, this application also provides a method for preparing a mycelial leather layer, comprising:
[0083] Provide slant culture medium;
[0084] The mycelium prepared by the fermentation method of mycelium as described above, or the mycelium as described above, is inoculated into the slant culture medium to grow a mycelial leather layer.
[0085] It is understandable that the mycelium prepared by the fermentation method of mycelium as described above has a rigid structure and can be used to prepare mycelial leather layer.
[0086] In some embodiments, after providing the slant culture medium, the following is also included:
[0087] Place the slant culture medium in the mold.
[0088] Understandably, when slant culture medium is placed in a mold, the mold will restrict the growth size (length and width) of the mycelium, meaning that the size of the leather layer of the growing mycelium is the same as the size of the mold.
[0089] In one specific embodiment, the mold is 82cm long and 52cm wide.
[0090] In some embodiments, the growth time of the mycelial leather layer is 15 to 25 days. Specifically, the growth time of the mycelial leather layer can be any one or a range of any two of the following: 15 days, 18 days, 20 days, 23 days, and 25 days.
[0091] It is understandable that the growth time of the mycelial leather layer affects its thickness, but due to the limited slant culture medium, extending the growth time of the mycelial leather layer will not increase its thickness indefinitely. By controlling the growth time of the mycelial leather layer to 15 to 25 days, a mycelial leather layer with uniform film thickness can be prepared.
[0092] In some embodiments, the growth temperature of the mycelial leather layer is 22°C to 28°C. Specifically, the growth temperature of the mycelial leather layer can be any one or any combination of two of the following values: 22°C, 23°C, 24°C, 25°C, 26°C, 27°C, and 28°C.
[0093] In some embodiments, the pH of the slant culture medium is 5.0 to 6.5. Specifically, the pH of the slant culture medium can be any one or a range of any two of 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, and 6.5.
[0094] It is understandable that the growth temperature of the mycelial leather layer and the pH of the slant culture medium will affect the uniformity of the prepared mycelial leather layer. Therefore, by controlling the growth temperature of the mycelial leather layer and the pH of the slant culture medium, a mycelial leather layer with a uniform film thickness can be prepared.
[0095] In some embodiments, the slant culture medium includes a second carbon source, a second inorganic salt, and a coagulant; the mass-volume fraction (w / v) of the second carbon source to the slant culture medium is 1%; the mass-volume fraction (w / v) of the second inorganic salt to the slant culture medium is 0.1% to 0.5%; and the mass-volume fraction (w / v) of the coagulant to the slant culture medium is 0.5% to 5%. Specifically, the mass-volume fraction (w / v) of the second carbon source and the slant culture medium can be any one or any two of the following values: 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%; the mass-volume fraction (w / v) of the second inorganic salt and the fermentation culture medium can be any one or any two of the following values: 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, and 0.5%; and the mass-volume fraction (w / v) of the coagulant and the slant culture medium can be any one or any two of the following values: 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, and 5%.
[0096] In some embodiments, the second carbon source includes at least one of glucose and potato extract.
[0097] In some embodiments, the second inorganic salt includes at least one of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO3).
[0098] In one specific embodiment, the slant culture medium comprises 25 g / L anhydrous glucose, 200 g / L potato extract, 1 g / L KH2PO3, 0.5 g / L MgSO4, and 15 g / L agar.
[0099] The present application will now be described in conjunction with specific embodiments.
[0100] Example 1
[0101] The Ganoderma lucidum seed liquid was inoculated into 40L of fermentation medium in a 50L fermenter at an inoculation rate of 10% (v / v). Air was introduced into the fermenter to carry out the first fermentation stage. During the first fermentation stage (0h≤t1<24h), the fermentation temperature was controlled at 26℃, the first aeration ratio P1 was controlled at 1.4vvm, the first rotation speed V1 was controlled at 200RPM, and the first pH was controlled at 6.5.
[0102] After the first fermentation stage is completed, the second fermentation stage is carried out. In the second fermentation stage (24h≤t2<72h), the fermentation temperature T1 is controlled at 26℃, the second aeration ratio P2 is controlled at 1.6vvm, the second rotation speed V2 is controlled at 150RPM, and the second pH is controlled at 6.0.
[0103] After the second fermentation stage, a post-treatment stage is carried out. During the post-treatment stage (72h≤t0≤84h), the post-treatment temperature T0 is controlled at 26℃, the post-treatment aeration ratio P0 is controlled at 1.6vvm, the post-treatment rotation speed V0 is controlled at 100RPM, and the post-treatment pH0 is controlled at 5.5.
[0104] A 4L slant culture medium was prepared in the mold. 4L of fermented Ganoderma lucidum mycelium was taken and inoculated evenly into the slant culture medium. The pH of the slant culture medium was 6.5. The culture was grown at 26℃ for 21 days to obtain the leather layer of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium. The fermentation medium consisted of 25g / L anhydrous glucose, 200g / L potato extract, 1g / L KH2PO3, and 0.5g / L MgSO4. The slant culture medium consisted of 25g / L anhydrous glucose, 200g / L potato extract, 1g / L KH2PO3, 0.5g / L MgSO4, and 15g / L agar. The mold was 82cm long and 52cm wide.
[0105] Examples 2-15
[0106] The preparation methods of Examples 2 to 15 are the same as those of Example 1, except that the process parameters for each fermentation stage are adjusted. Please refer to Table 1 for details.
[0107] Comparative Examples 1-18
[0108] The preparation methods of Comparative Examples 1 to 18 are the same as those of Example 1, except that the process parameters for each fermentation stage are adjusted. Please refer to Table 1 for details.
[0109] Table 1 shows the process parameters for each fermentation stage of Examples 1-15 and Comparative Examples 1-18.
[0110]
[0111]
[0112]
[0113]
[0114] Test methods
[0115] (1) Tensile strength test: Set the test parameters of the constant rate elongation tester (strength tester): clamping distance: 75 mm, tensile rate: 300 mm / min; the center of the specimen is clamped in the tester, ensuring that the longitudinal centerline of the specimen passes through the centerline of the clamp and is perpendicular to both ends of the clamp. Start the tester and stretch the specimen until it breaks. Record the force value at fracture. The standard used is ASTM D5034-21, and the test results are shown in Table 2.
[0116] (2) Leather layer thickness test: Use a leather thickness gauge to measure the thickness at nine points evenly distributed on the four sides and center of the leather. Take the average value. Please refer to Table 2 for the test results.
[0117] (3) Uniformity test: Use a leather thickness gauge to measure the thickness of nine points evenly on the four sides and center of the skin, calculate the standard deviation and the average value, and divide the calculated standard deviation by the average value to obtain the coefficient of variation as a characterization of uniformity.
[0118] Table 2 shows the test results of the leather layers prepared in Examples 1-15 and Comparative Examples 1-18.
[0119]
[0120]
[0121] Results analysis:
[0122] The test results of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 show that when the rotation speed in the first fermentation stage is too high or too low, the resulting leather layer has low tensile strength and poor thickness uniformity.
[0123] The test results from Examples 1 and 4-5 and Comparative Examples 3-4 show that when the aeration ratio in the first fermentation stage is too high or too low, the resulting leather layer has low tensile strength and poor thickness uniformity.
[0124] The test results from Examples 1 and 6, as well as Comparative Examples 5 and 6, show that when the pH of the first fermentation stage is too high or too low, the resulting leather layer has low tensile strength and poor thickness uniformity.
[0125] The test results from Examples 1, 7-8, and Comparative Examples 7-8 show that when the rotation speed in the second fermentation stage is too high or too low, the resulting leather layer has low tensile strength and poor thickness uniformity.
[0126] The test results of Examples 1, 9-10 and Comparative Examples 9-10 show that when the air ratio in the second fermentation stage is too high or too low, the prepared leather layer has low tensile strength and poor thickness uniformity.
[0127] The test results from Examples 1 and 11 and Comparative Examples 11-12 show that when the pH of the second fermentation stage is too high or too low, the resulting leather layer has low tensile strength and poor thickness uniformity.
[0128] The test results from Examples 1 and 12-13 and Comparative Examples 13-14 show that when the rotation speed in the post-processing stage is too high or too low, the resulting leather layer has low tensile strength and poor thickness uniformity.
[0129] The test results from Examples 1 and 14 and Comparative Examples 15-16 show that when the air permeability ratio in the post-processing stage is too high or too low, the resulting leather layer has low tensile strength and poor thickness uniformity.
[0130] The test results from Examples 1 and 15 and Comparative Examples 17-18 show that when the pH in the post-processing stage is too high or too low, the resulting leather layer has low tensile strength and poor thickness uniformity.
[0131] In summary, by controlling the rotation speed, air ratio, and pH of the fermentation medium during each stage of fermentation and the post-treatment stage, the structural rigidity of the obtained mycelium can be improved. The prepared mycelium can be used to prepare leather layers, and the leather layers have high tensile strength and good thickness uniformity.
[0132] In summary, although the embodiments of this application have been described in detail above, the above embodiments are not intended to limit this application. Those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.
Claims
1. A method for fermenting mycelium, characterized in that, include: The mycelial seed liquid was inoculated into the fermentation medium, and air was introduced to carry out fermentation; After fermentation, post-processing is performed to obtain mycelium; The fermentation process has multiple stages, including a first fermentation stage and a second fermentation stage. The first fermentation stage is carried out, in which the air has a first ventilation ratio P1 and the fermentation medium has a first pH1. After the first fermentation stage is completed, the second fermentation stage is carried out. In the second fermentation stage, the air has a second ventilation ratio P2 and the fermentation medium has a second pH value pH2. During the post-treatment, the air has a post-treatment aeration ratio P0, and the fermentation medium has a post-treatment pH 0. It satisfies: P1≤P0≤P2, pH0≤pH2≤pH1.
2. The fermentation method for mycelium according to claim 1, characterized in that, The post-treatment ventilation ratio P0 satisfies: 1.4vvm ≤ P0 ≤ 1.6vvm; and / or, The post-treatment pH value (0) satisfies: 5.5 ≤ pH 0 ≤ 6.0; and / or, The first ventilation ratio P1 satisfies: 1.0vvm ≤ P1 ≤ 1.4vvm; and / or, The second ventilation ratio P2 satisfies: 1.4vvm ≤ P2 ≤ 1.6vvm; and / or, The first pH value, pH1, satisfies: 6.0 ≤ pH1 ≤ 6.5; and / or, The second pH value, pH2, satisfies the following condition: 6.0 ≤ pH2 ≤ 6.
5.
3. The fermentation method for mycelium according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the first fermentation stage, the fermentation medium has a first rotational speed V1; in the second fermentation stage, the fermentation medium has a second rotational speed V2; and in the post-treatment stage, the fermentation medium has a post-treatment rotational speed V0. It satisfies: V0≤V2≤V1.
4. The fermentation method for mycelium according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first rotational speed V1 satisfies: 150 RPM ≤ V1 ≤ 200 RPM; and / or, The second rotational speed V2 satisfies: 100 RPM ≤ V2 ≤ 150 RPM; and / or, The post-processing rotation speed V0 satisfies: 100RPM≤V0≤150RPM.
5. The fermentation method for mycelium according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first fermentation stage has a first time t1, satisfying: 0h ≤ t1 < 24h; and / or, The second fermentation stage has a second time t2, satisfying: 24h ≤ t2 < 72h; and / or, The post-processing has a post-processing time t0, which satisfies: t0≥72h.
6. The fermentation method for mycelium according to claim 1, characterized in that, The volume ratio of the mycelial seed liquid to the fermentation medium is 2% to 20%.
7. The fermentation method for mycelium according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mycelium seed liquid includes at least one of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium seed liquid, Cordyceps militaris seed liquid, and Morel mushroom seed liquid.
8. The fermentation method for mycelium according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fermentation medium includes a first carbon source and a first inorganic salt; The mass-volume fraction of the first carbon source and the fermentation medium is 1% to 5%; The mass-volume fraction of the first inorganic salt to the fermentation medium is 0.1% to 0.5%.
9. The fermentation method for mycelium according to claim 8, characterized in that, The first carbon source includes at least one of glucose and potato extract; and / or, The first inorganic salt includes at least one of magnesium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
10. A mycelium, characterized in that, Mycelium obtained by fermentation using the fermentation method of mycelium as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.
11. A method for preparing a mycelial leather layer, characterized in that, include: Provide slant culture medium; The mycelium prepared by the fermentation method of mycelium as described in any one of claims 1 to 9 or the mycelium as described in claim 10 is inoculated into the slant culture medium to grow a mycelial leather layer.
12. The method for preparing the mycelial leather layer according to claim 11, characterized in that, The growth time of the mycelial leather layer is 15 to 25 days; and / or, The growth temperature of the mycelial leather layer is 22℃~28℃; and / or, The pH of the slant culture medium is 5.0–6.
5.
13. The method for preparing the mycelial leather layer according to claim 11, characterized in that, The slant culture medium comprises a second carbon source, a second inorganic salt, and a coagulant; the mass-volume fraction of the second carbon source in the slant culture medium is 1% to 5%; the mass-volume fraction of the second inorganic salt in the slant culture medium is 0.1% to 0.5%; and the mass-volume fraction of the coagulant in the slant culture medium is 0.5% to 5%.
14. The method for preparing the mycelial leather layer according to claim 13, characterized in that, The second carbon source includes at least one of glucose and potato extract; and / or, The second inorganic salt includes at least one of magnesium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate; and / or, The coagulant includes at least one of agar, gelatin, and starch.