Solar cell hydrogen production method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of photoelectrochemical water decomposition, and discloses a solar cell hydrogen production method, which comprises the following steps: S1, collecting solar irradiation data and electrolyte state parameters through a photovoltaic-electrolytic cell integrated new energy battery device, S2, carrying out wave band division processing on a solar spectrum, and S3, carrying out wave band division processing on the solar spectrum, the visible light wave band is directionally transmitted to a photovoltaic unit for power generation, and the infrared wave band is guided to a heat exchange unit for preheating electrolyte; by establishing a frequency division processing mechanism of visible light and infrared bands, solar spectrum energy is distributed to photovoltaic power generation and electrolyte preheating according to needs, irradiation intensity fluctuation and thermoelectric requirements of an electrolytic cell can be matched in real time, cooperative supply of photovoltaic output electric energy and heat exchange power is guaranteed, attenuation of hydrogen production efficiency caused by abnormal spectrum distribution is avoided, and the service life of the hydrogen production system is prolonged. The stability and continuity of the energy conversion process are improved, and the membrane electrode coupling protection end is arranged, so that the long-term operation reliability of the new energy battery device under complex working conditions is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photoelectrochemical water splitting technology, and in particular to a method for producing hydrogen using solar cells. Background Technology

[0002] A solar cell is a thin-film photovoltaic semiconductor that directly generates electricity using sunlight. It converts light energy into electrical energy directly through the photoelectric effect and photochemical effect. Given sufficient illumination, it can instantly output voltage and generate current when a circuit is present. Solar cells have advantages such as being low-carbon, environmentally friendly, and widely applicable, and have been widely used in many fields.

[0003] Solar cell / photovoltaic technology is one of the key technological routes for producing "green hydrogen." This combination is often referred to as "photovoltaic hydrogen production" or "solar hydrogen production," and it is currently recognized as one of the cleanest hydrogen production methods.

[0004] In the existing process of hydrogen production using solar cells, the operation of the hydrogen production system is greatly affected by the dynamic changes in the natural environment. The current output by the photovoltaic unit cannot match the working requirements of the electrolyzer in real time. Sudden changes in solar irradiance intensity and abnormal spectral distribution will lead to an imbalance between the photovoltaic power generation and the electrical and thermal energy required for hydrogen production by electrolysis. This may cause a sharp drop in hydrogen production efficiency and damage to the proton exchange membrane structure, making it difficult to ensure the stability of the hydrogen production process. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a method for producing hydrogen using solar cells, thereby resolving the aforementioned technical problems in the prior art.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: A method for producing hydrogen using a solar cell, the method comprising the following steps: S1. Collect solar irradiation data and electrolyte state parameters through a photovoltaic-electrolysis cell integrated new energy battery device; S2. The solar spectrum is processed by wavelength division, and the visible light band is directionally transmitted to the photovoltaic unit for power generation, while the infrared band is guided to the heat exchange unit to preheat the electrolyte. S3. Based on the electrolyte temperature threshold, dynamically regulate the coordinated allocation of photovoltaic power generation ratio and heat exchange power. S4. A membrane electrode coupling structure is used to introduce photovoltaic current into the cathode of the electrolytic cell in real time, and the preheated electrolyte is pumped into the anode chamber simultaneously. S5. Promotes proton exchange and inhibits oxygen ion back diffusion through a porous catalyst layer; S6. Real-time monitoring of cathode hydrogen production rate and anode oxygen byproduct concentration; S7. Dynamically adjust the electrolyte circulation flow rate and photovoltaic unit output power according to the hydrogen production rate; S8. When the oxygen concentration is detected to exceed the safety threshold, the gas separation protection mechanism is activated. S9. Collect and purify the hydrogen produced in the cathode chamber, and at the same time recover the waste heat in the anode chamber to reheat the electrolyte; S10. Establish an energy efficiency optimization model based on historical operating data and dynamically correct the matching parameters between photovoltaic power generation and electrolytic hydrogen production.

[0007] Further, step S1 includes: S11. Integrate a spectral beam splitter on the surface of the photovoltaic unit to convert the visible light flux into electrical energy; S12. The infrared band is directionally delivered to the heat exchange cavity through the light guide tube; S13. Electrode sensors are used to collect electrolyte parameters in real time, including pH value, ion concentration and temperature gradient data.

[0008] Further, step S3 includes: S31. Set the optimal operating temperature range for the electrolyte, and increase the infrared heat exchange power when the detected temperature is below the preset lower limit. S32. When the electrolyte temperature reaches the preset upper limit, the photovoltaic power generation ratio will be increased to the optimized level; S33. The temperature field distribution inside the electrolytic cell is monitored in real time through a temperature monitoring array, and local temperature unevenness is automatically compensated.

[0009] Furthermore, the membrane electrode coupling structure in step S4 includes: S41. A proton exchange membrane is installed on the cathode side of the photovoltaic unit; S42, A metal-organic framework catalyst layer is arranged on the anode side; S43. Use a booster device to maintain the pressure difference between the anode and cathode chambers within the optimized range.

[0010] Further, step S7 includes: S71. Establish the correlation function between hydrogen production rate and photovoltaic current intensity: in, This represents the measured value of the cathode hydrogen production rate. Indicates the output current intensity of the photovoltaic unit. The intrinsic efficiency coefficient of the electrolysis system. The current-flow response index, This represents the electrolyte temperature compensation function; S72. When the conductivity of the electrolyte drops to a level that affects efficiency, concentrated electrolyte mother liquor is injected to maintain the ion concentration. S73. The output voltage of the photovoltaic array is dynamically adjusted through modulation technology to match the optimal operating potential of the electrolytic cell.

[0011] Furthermore, the gas separation protection mechanism in step S8 includes: S81. An alloy separation membrane is installed at the outlet of the anode chamber to control the oxygen permeation rate; S82. When the oxygen concentration exceeds the safety limit, start the suction device to introduce the mixed gas into the recombination reactor; S83. The recombination reaction temperature is maintained at an optimized level by using a catalyst to generate recyclable water vapor.

[0012] Further, step S9 includes: S91. Hydrogen gas is purified using multi-stage molecular sieves to ensure high purity; S92. Utilize a heat exchanger to recover waste heat from the anode chamber, so that the electrolyte inlet preheating temperature reaches the optimized value; S93. The water vapor generated by the recombination reaction is condensed and reinjected into the electrolyte circulation system.

[0013] Furthermore, the energy efficiency optimization model construction in step S10 includes: S101. Collect time-series data on historical irradiance intensity, environmental parameters, and hydrogen production. S102. Identify the coupling characteristics between photovoltaic conversion efficiency and electrolysis reaction rate through neural networks; S103. Establish the dynamic weight matrix: in, Represents the total weighting factor. This indicates the real-time solar radiation intensity. This represents the difference between the actual temperature and the target temperature of the electrolyte. This indicates the deviation in electrolyte ion concentration. , , These are the dynamic optimization coefficients for the corresponding parameters; S104. Real-time correction of the maximum power point tracking parameters of the photovoltaic unit based on the total weight factor W.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes new energy battery protection steps: S111. When electrolyte leakage is detected, the sealing device is automatically activated and the photovoltaic circuit is cut off. S112. Install safety devices in hydrogen output pipelines to ensure rapid response; S113. The system operation status is periodically uploaded to the monitoring platform via wireless network.

[0015] Furthermore, the performance of the new energy battery device must meet the following collaborative indicators: S121. The solar hydrogen production conversion efficiency must continuously reach the preset standard, and the photoelectric-solution synergistic efficiency must be verified in real time through dynamic optimization decision-making. S122. Continuous operation stability needs to match the requirements of uniform temperature field distribution in the electrolyzer. When the safety mechanism of the membrane electrode coupling protection terminal is triggered, the attenuation data is automatically recorded. S123. Resource consumption management needs to integrate waste heat recovery and water recycling efficiency to achieve closed-loop control of material consumption per unit of hydrogen production. S124. The dynamic response capability of new energy batteries must be guaranteed to maintain the hydrogen purity standard under sudden irradiation conditions. S125. The response time of the system protection mechanism must meet the dual requirements of gas separation and recombination and electrolyte leakage control.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the method for producing hydrogen using solar cells provided by the present invention has the following advantages: 1. In this invention, by setting up a spectral coordination distribution end, in the process of solar hydrogen production, by establishing a frequency division processing mechanism for visible light and infrared bands, the solar spectral energy is allocated to photovoltaic power generation and electrolyte preheating as needed. This can match the irradiance intensity fluctuations and the thermoelectric demand of the electrolyzer in real time, ensuring the coordinated supply of photovoltaic output power and heat exchange power, avoiding hydrogen production efficiency decay caused by abnormal spectral distribution, and improving the stability and continuity of the energy conversion process. 2. By setting up a membrane electrode coupling protection end, the present invention promotes the directional migration of protons and inhibits the back diffusion of gas through a porous catalyst layer during the electrolytic hydrogen production reaction. At the same time, it constructs a gas separation and recombination mechanism when the oxygen concentration exceeds the standard. This enables the system to automatically eliminate the safety risks caused by the accumulation of by-products while maintaining high hydrogen production purity, and ensures the long-term operational reliability of the new energy battery device under complex working conditions. 3. This invention sets up a dynamic optimization decision-making terminal. During the operation of the hydrogen production system, it constructs a weight matrix model by integrating multi-dimensional parameters such as irradiance intensity, temperature deviation, and ion concentration. This model corrects the matching strategy between photovoltaic units and electrolyzers in real time, enabling the system to adaptively adjust the energy distribution ratio. This breaks through the limitations of traditional single-parameter control and improves the overall energy efficiency and production capacity of solar hydrogen production. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method for producing hydrogen using solar cells according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0019] like Figure 1 As shown, the method for producing hydrogen using a solar cell includes the following steps: S1. Collect solar irradiation data and electrolyte state parameters through a photovoltaic-electrolysis cell integrated new energy battery device; S2. The solar spectrum is processed by wavelength division, and the visible light band is directionally transmitted to the photovoltaic unit for power generation, while the infrared band is guided to the heat exchange unit to preheat the electrolyte. S3. Based on the electrolyte temperature threshold, dynamically regulate the coordinated allocation of photovoltaic power generation ratio and heat exchange power. S4. A membrane electrode coupling structure is used to introduce photovoltaic current into the cathode of the electrolytic cell in real time, and the preheated electrolyte is pumped into the anode chamber simultaneously. S5. Promotes proton exchange and inhibits oxygen ion back diffusion through a porous catalyst layer; S6. Real-time monitoring of cathode hydrogen production rate and anode oxygen byproduct concentration; S7. Dynamically adjust the electrolyte circulation flow rate and photovoltaic unit output power according to the hydrogen production rate; S8. When the oxygen concentration is detected to exceed the safety threshold, the gas separation protection mechanism is activated. S9. Collect and purify the hydrogen produced in the cathode chamber, and at the same time recover the waste heat in the anode chamber to reheat the electrolyte; S10. Establish an energy efficiency optimization model based on historical operating data and dynamically correct the matching parameters between photovoltaic power generation and electrolytic hydrogen production.

[0020] Step S1 includes: S11. Integrate a spectral beam splitter on the surface of the photovoltaic unit to convert the visible light flux into electrical energy; S12. The infrared band is directionally delivered to the heat exchange cavity through the light guide tube; S13. Electrode sensors are used to collect electrolyte parameters in real time, including pH value, ion concentration and temperature gradient data.

[0021] Step S3 includes: S31. Set the optimal operating temperature range for the electrolyte, and increase the infrared heat exchange power when the detected temperature is below the preset lower limit. S32. When the electrolyte temperature reaches the preset upper limit, the photovoltaic power generation ratio will be increased to the optimized level; S33. The temperature field distribution inside the electrolytic cell is monitored in real time through a temperature monitoring array, and local temperature unevenness is automatically compensated.

[0022] The membrane electrode coupling structure in step S4 includes: S41. A proton exchange membrane is installed on the cathode side of the photovoltaic unit; S42, A metal-organic framework catalyst layer is arranged on the anode side; S43. Use a booster device to maintain the pressure difference between the anode and cathode chambers within the optimized range.

[0023] Step S7 includes: S71. Establish the correlation function between hydrogen production rate and photovoltaic current intensity: in, This represents the measured value of the cathode hydrogen production rate. Indicates the output current intensity of the photovoltaic unit. The intrinsic efficiency coefficient of the electrolysis system. The current-flow response index, This represents the electrolyte temperature compensation function; S72. When the conductivity of the electrolyte drops to a level that affects efficiency, concentrated electrolyte mother liquor is injected to maintain the ion concentration. S73. The output voltage of the photovoltaic array is dynamically adjusted through modulation technology to match the optimal operating potential of the electrolytic cell.

[0024] The gas separation protection mechanism in step S8 includes: S81. An alloy separation membrane is installed at the outlet of the anode chamber to control the oxygen permeation rate; S82. When the oxygen concentration exceeds the safety limit, start the suction device to introduce the mixed gas into the recombination reactor; S83. The recombination reaction temperature is maintained at an optimized level by using a catalyst to generate recyclable water vapor.

[0025] Step S9 includes: S91. Hydrogen gas is purified using multi-stage molecular sieves to ensure high purity; S92. Utilize a heat exchanger to recover waste heat from the anode chamber, so that the electrolyte inlet preheating temperature reaches the optimized value; S93. The water vapor generated by the recombination reaction is condensed and reinjected into the electrolyte circulation system.

[0026] Step S10, the construction of the energy efficiency optimization model, includes: S101. Collect time-series data on historical irradiance intensity, environmental parameters, and hydrogen production. S102. Identify the coupling characteristics between photovoltaic conversion efficiency and electrolysis reaction rate through neural networks; S103. Establish the dynamic weight matrix: in, Represents the total weighting factor. This indicates the real-time solar radiation intensity. This represents the difference between the actual temperature and the target temperature of the electrolyte. This indicates the deviation in electrolyte ion concentration. , , These are the dynamic optimization coefficients for the corresponding parameters; S104. Real-time correction of the maximum power point tracking parameters of the photovoltaic unit based on the total weight factor W.

[0027] It also includes new energy battery protection steps: S111. When electrolyte leakage is detected, the sealing device is automatically activated and the photovoltaic circuit is cut off. S112. Install safety devices in hydrogen output pipelines to ensure rapid response; S113. The system operation status is periodically uploaded to the monitoring platform via wireless network.

[0028] The performance of new energy battery devices must meet the following collaborative indicators: S121. The solar hydrogen production conversion efficiency must continuously reach the preset standard, and the photoelectric-solution synergistic efficiency must be verified in real time through dynamic optimization decision-making. S122. Continuous operation stability needs to match the requirements of uniform temperature field distribution in the electrolyzer. When the safety mechanism of the membrane electrode coupling protection terminal is triggered, the attenuation data is automatically recorded. S123. Resource consumption management needs to integrate waste heat recovery and water recycling efficiency to achieve closed-loop control of material consumption per unit of hydrogen production. S124. The dynamic response capability of new energy batteries must be guaranteed to maintain the hydrogen purity standard under sudden irradiation conditions. S125. The response time of the system protection mechanism must meet the dual requirements of gas separation and recombination and electrolyte leakage control.

[0029] Example 1: Optimizing the energy flow of a spectral frequency division cooperative system: In integrated photovoltaic-electrolysis new energy battery devices, the quantum dot spectral splitter layer is achieved using a cadmium selenide and zinc sulfide core-shell heterostructure. Its band gap, after gradient design, enables it to capture visible light across the entire wavelength range. This spectral splitter layer is formed into a nanoscale array on the surface of the photovoltaic unit through vapor deposition. When solar radiation is incident, photons are absorbed by the quantum dots, exciting electron-hole pairs, while infrared photons penetrate to an aluminum-coated light guide. The inner wall of the light guide is plasma-etched to form a light trap microstructure, improving the directional transmission efficiency of infrared radiation.

[0030] The electrolyte preheating process employs a spiral titanium alloy capillary tube. The outer wall of the tube and the light guide tube outlet form a heat exchange cavity. Computational fluid dynamics simulations are used to optimize the flow channel curvature radius, ensuring maximum turbulent mixing effect when the electrolyte absorbs infrared heat energy. The platinum resistance sensors in the temperature monitoring array are distributed in a three-dimensional grid, constructing a real-time thermographic map of the temperature field inside the electrolyzer. When the temperature gradient in the edge region exceeds the limit, the infrared power distributor automatically increases the irradiance flux at that azimuth angle. This dynamic compensation mechanism maintains the electrolyte active temperature within the optimal range, fundamentally avoiding the oxygen evolution reaction lag problem caused by localized low temperatures in traditional systems.

[0031] Example 2, Preferred membrane electrode coupling interface: The proton exchange membrane was prepared using a spin-coating process with a perfluorosulfonic acid resin solution, incorporating chiral carbon nanotubes as high-speed channels for proton migration during film formation. After carboxylation modification, the helical cavity structure of the carbon nanotubes formed specific binding sites with hydrated hydrogen ions, increasing the proton conduction rate to several times that of conventional membranes. The anode-side catalyst was synthesized via a solvothermal method: tetrabutyl titanate and 2-aminoterephthalic acid were reacted in ethylene glycol solvent. The resulting NH2-MIL-125 crystals, after annealing, formed a mesoporous structure with uniform pore size. The exposed amino functional groups on its surface optimized the oxygen evolution reaction kinetics.

[0032] The membrane electrode assembly employs a unique gradient pressurization process: a silicone rubber elastic septum is pre-placed between the anode and cathode chambers, and the hydraulic system applies pressure in three stages—the initial stage eliminates component gaps, the middle stage forms a pre-sealed structure, and the final stage, when the working pressure difference is reached, the septum deformation precisely matches the chamber volume. The temperature compensation function in the current-flow control module is established based on activation energy experiments: the correlation curves between ion migration rate and current efficiency are measured at different temperature gradients, and an exponential compensation model is constructed through nonlinear regression to ensure automatic increase of electrolyte flow rate under low-temperature conditions, maintaining prediction accuracy.

[0033] Example 3: Gas Safety Recombination System The palladium-silver alloy film is manufactured using a magnetron sputtering-anodic oxidation composite process. A uniform palladium-silver nanolayer is deposited on a titanium substrate, followed by electrochemical anodizing to form a vertical via array. To enhance its resistance to poisoning, a hexagonal boron nitride protective layer is deposited on the film surface. Its layered structure effectively blocks the penetration of corrosive gases such as hydrogen sulfide.

[0034] The catalytic recombination reactor is designed with a double-layer coaxial structure: the outer layer is a platinum and carbon fiber catalytic mesh, with platinum nanoparticles anchored at the carbon fiber crosslinking points using electrospinning technology; the inner layer is a cerium oxide-zirconia solid solution support, whose oxygen vacancy concentration is optimized through rare earth doping. When the oxygen concentration exceeds the standard and triggers the protection mechanism, the negative pressure field generated by the vortex fan causes the mixed gas to enter the reactor tangentially, where a hydrogenation reaction occurs at the platinum catalytic sites. The released heat energy is transferred to the solid solution layer through a heat pipe system, maintaining the bed temperature within the optimal reaction range. The waste heat recovery system uses a counter-current plate-fin heat exchanger, with the fin surface treated with a hydrophilic and gas-repellent coating. High-temperature recombination steam condenses and releases latent heat between the fins, simultaneously preheating the low-temperature electrolyte, forming a closed-loop thermal energy system. The molecular sieve purification unit is equipped with a pressure oscillating adsorption device, whose molecular sieve lattice size is precisely controlled by ion exchange to ensure that the hydrogen output purity consistently meets the standards.

[0035] Example 4: Edge computing architecture and algorithm implementation of the dynamic optimization platform: The data acquisition terminal integrates a miniaturized irradiance sensor, impedance spectroscopy analyzer, and calorimeter, constructing a real-time data lake via an Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) protocol. The convolutional neural network employs an encoder-decoder architecture: the encoder contains three sets of dilated convolution modules to extract the spatiotemporal correlation features of irradiance intensity, temperature deviation, and concentration deviation; the decoder generates dynamically optimized coefficients through a gated recurrent unit. The calculation results of the weight matrix are transmitted to the photovoltaic controller via a CAN bus, triggering a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm correction.

[0036] The system innovatively introduces a reinforcement learning mechanism: using hydrogen production efficiency as the reward function, the neural network weights are updated online via a policy gradient method. When encountering a sudden drop in irradiance, the algorithm prioritizes increasing the weight of heat exchange power while reducing the proportion of photovoltaic current output. This multi-objective decision-making mechanism avoids hydrogen production interruptions in traditional systems during sudden weather changes. Historical operation logs show that this optimization platform reduces the volatility of hydrogen production under unsteady-state conditions.

[0037] Example 5: Safety Monitoring and Performance Verification of New Energy Battery Power Stations The power plant adopts a ring topology layout: the central electrolytic cell cluster is arranged in a hexagonal array, and the outer dual-axis photovoltaic tracking units optimize the tilt angle through a shadow avoidance algorithm. The safety monitoring system lays a pressure-sensitive conductive membrane at the bottom of the electrolytic cells. Its carbon nanotube and polymer composite structure experiences a sudden change in resistance upon contact with the electrolyte, triggering a nanogel microcapsule rupture mechanism—the microcapsule wall material is a pH-responsive copolymer that dissolves in water, releasing hydrophobically modified silica gel, which seals leaks through capillary action.

[0038] The hydrogen delivery pipeline is equipped with a rupture disc-flame arrester composite device. The preload of the rupture disc is optimized through finite element analysis to ensure an overpressure response time in the millisecond range. The performance verification system includes a three-level evaluation: during the daily startup phase, the photoelectrolysis synergistic efficiency is verified using a helium mass spectrometer leak detector; after the cumulative operating cycle is completed, the membrane electrode activation energy decay is analyzed using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; and the water balance audit system tracks water molecule paths using isotope tracing technology to calculate the closed-loop water utilization rate. A cloud-based digital twin platform maps the power plant's operating status in real time, and its dynamic weight optimization curve provides visual support for scheduling decisions.

[0039] Example 6: Coordinated Scheduling of Hydrogen Production System and Smart Grid During periods of low grid load, smart meters send dynamic electricity price incentive signals to the hydrogen production system, triggering the system to switch to high-capacity mode. The dynamic optimization decision-making terminal automatically increases the upper limit of the photovoltaic array output power and adjusts the electrolyte circulation flow to peak levels, dynamically amplifying the response index to maximize the utilization of photovoltaic power and boost hydrogen production capacity. When the grid load enters peak periods, the system switches to peak-shaving service mode—the membrane electrode coupling protection terminal initiates a low-pressure maintenance program, precisely reducing the pressure difference between the cathode and anode chambers through a gradient pressurization device, keeping the electrolysis reaction in standby mode. Simultaneously, the stored high-purity hydrogen supplies power in reverse via the fuel cell module, with its grid-connected power controlled in real time by a weighted matrix. The new energy battery power station is equipped with a dedicated grid-connected interface cabinet, whose harmonic suppression module uses an adaptive magnetic saturation reactor to ensure that the total harmonic distortion rate of the fed-back power is consistently better than international standards.

[0040] Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications and substitutions can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for producing hydrogen using a solar cell, characterized in that: The method includes the following steps: S1. Collect solar irradiation data and electrolyte state parameters through a photovoltaic-electrolysis cell integrated new energy battery device; S2. The solar spectrum is processed by wavelength division, and the visible light band is directionally transmitted to the photovoltaic unit for power generation, while the infrared band is guided to the heat exchange unit to preheat the electrolyte. S3. Based on the electrolyte temperature threshold, dynamically regulate the coordinated allocation of photovoltaic power generation ratio and heat exchange power. S4. A membrane electrode coupling structure is used to introduce photovoltaic current into the cathode of the electrolytic cell in real time, and the preheated electrolyte is pumped into the anode chamber simultaneously. S5. Promotes proton exchange and inhibits oxygen ion back diffusion through a porous catalyst layer; S6. Real-time monitoring of cathode hydrogen production rate and anode oxygen byproduct concentration; S7. Dynamically adjust the electrolyte circulation flow rate and photovoltaic unit output power according to the hydrogen production rate; S8. When the oxygen concentration is detected to exceed the safety threshold, the gas separation protection mechanism is activated. S9. Collect and purify the hydrogen produced in the cathode chamber, and at the same time recover the waste heat in the anode chamber to reheat the electrolyte; S10. Establish an energy efficiency optimization model based on historical operating data and dynamically correct the matching parameters between photovoltaic power generation and electrolytic hydrogen production.

2. The method for producing hydrogen using a solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S1 includes: S11. Integrate a spectral beam splitter on the surface of the photovoltaic unit to convert the visible light flux into electrical energy; S12. The infrared band is directionally delivered to the heat exchange cavity through the light guide tube; S13. Electrode sensors are used to collect electrolyte parameters in real time, including pH value, ion concentration and temperature gradient data.

3. The method for producing hydrogen using a solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S3 includes: S31. Set the optimal operating temperature range for the electrolyte, and increase the infrared heat exchange power when the detected temperature is below the preset lower limit. S32. When the electrolyte temperature reaches the preset upper limit, the photovoltaic power generation ratio will be increased to the optimized level; S33. The temperature field distribution inside the electrolytic cell is monitored in real time through a temperature monitoring array, and local temperature unevenness is automatically compensated.

4. The method for producing hydrogen using a solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The membrane electrode coupling structure in step S4 includes: S41. A proton exchange membrane is installed on the cathode side of the photovoltaic unit; S42, A metal-organic framework catalyst layer is arranged on the anode side; S43. Use a booster device to maintain the pressure difference between the anode and cathode chambers within the optimized range.

5. The method for producing hydrogen using a solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S7 includes: S71. Establish the correlation function between hydrogen production rate and photovoltaic current intensity: in, This represents the measured value of the cathode hydrogen production rate. Indicates the output current intensity of the photovoltaic unit. The intrinsic efficiency coefficient of the electrolysis system. The current-flow response index, This represents the electrolyte temperature compensation function; S72. When the conductivity of the electrolyte drops to a level that affects efficiency, concentrated electrolyte mother liquor is injected to maintain the ion concentration. S73. The output voltage of the photovoltaic array is dynamically adjusted through modulation technology to match the optimal operating potential of the electrolytic cell.

6. The method for producing hydrogen using a solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas separation protection mechanism in step S8 includes: S81. An alloy separation membrane is installed at the outlet of the anode chamber to control the oxygen permeation rate; S82. When the oxygen concentration exceeds the safety limit, start the suction device to introduce the mixed gas into the recombination reactor; S83. The recombination reaction temperature is maintained at an optimized level by using a catalyst to generate recyclable water vapor.

7. The method for producing hydrogen using a solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S9 includes: S91. Hydrogen gas is purified using multi-stage molecular sieves to ensure high purity; S92. Utilize a heat exchanger to recover waste heat from the anode chamber, so that the electrolyte inlet preheating temperature reaches the optimized value; S93. The water vapor generated by the recombination reaction is condensed and reinjected into the electrolyte circulation system.

8. The method for producing hydrogen using a solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy efficiency optimization model construction in step S10 includes: S101. Collect time-series data on historical irradiance intensity, environmental parameters, and hydrogen production. S102. Identify the coupling characteristics between photovoltaic conversion efficiency and electrolysis reaction rate through neural networks; S103. Establish the dynamic weight matrix: in, Represents the total weighting factor. This indicates the real-time solar radiation intensity. This represents the difference between the actual temperature and the target temperature of the electrolyte. This indicates the deviation in electrolyte ion concentration. , , These are the dynamic optimization coefficients for the corresponding parameters; S104. Real-time correction of the maximum power point tracking parameters of the photovoltaic unit based on the total weight factor W.

9. The method for producing hydrogen using a solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes new energy battery protection steps: S111. When electrolyte leakage is detected, the sealing device is automatically activated and the photovoltaic circuit is cut off. S112. Install safety devices in hydrogen output pipelines to ensure rapid response; S113. The system operation status is periodically uploaded to the monitoring platform via wireless network.

10. The method for producing hydrogen using a solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The performance of the new energy battery device must meet the following collaborative indicators: S121. The solar hydrogen production conversion efficiency must continuously reach the preset standard, and the photoelectric-solution synergistic efficiency must be verified in real time through dynamic optimization decision-making. S122. Continuous operation stability needs to match the requirements of uniform temperature field distribution in the electrolyzer. When the safety mechanism of the membrane electrode coupling protection terminal is triggered, the attenuation data is automatically recorded. S123. Resource consumption management needs to integrate waste heat recovery and water recycling efficiency to achieve closed-loop control of material consumption per unit of hydrogen production. S124. The dynamic response capability of new energy batteries must be guaranteed to maintain the hydrogen purity standard under sudden irradiation conditions. S125. The response time of the system protection mechanism must meet the dual requirements of gas separation and recombination and electrolyte leakage control.

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