Step type water gravity power station

Abstract

The invention discloses a step type water gravity power station, relates to the field of hydroelectric power generation equipment, and aims to solve the problems that a traditional large hydropower station is high in construction cost and small hydraulic equipment is low in energy utilization rate. The power generation system comprises a plurality of same power generation units arranged from top to bottom along a slope terrain, arc-shaped flow guide plates between adjacent power generation units, and a water diversion structure connected with an arched gravity dam, a plurality of steps are constructed on the slope surface, a power generation unit is arranged on the surface of each step, each power generation unit comprises a water turbine and a power generator, a local cavity shell matched with a wheel blade rotating area is arranged on the lower side of the water turbine and on the inner side of the step, the water diversion structure is provided with a control valve with the installation height lower than that of the dam body, and side leakage prevention baffles are arranged on the two sides of the step. Water flow enters the uppermost casing through the water diversion structure, flows into the wheel blades to drive the water turbine and the generator to generate power, then flows through all the power generation units step by step through the flow guide plates and finally flows out.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of hydropower equipment, and more particularly to a stepped gravity power station. Background Technology

[0002] In existing hydropower technologies, traditional large-scale hydropower stations typically rely on building high dams to form large reservoirs to store water in order to obtain sufficient water level difference and water flow energy. However, this approach has problems such as long construction period, high investment cost, and significant impact on the natural ecological environment. Furthermore, due to geographical limitations, it is difficult to promote in areas with complex terrain and no large river valleys.

[0003] Small hydropower equipment is mostly designed for single water flow channels and can only utilize the potential energy of a single water flow. In areas with continuous sloping terrain, it cannot make full use of the continuous gravitational potential energy during the gradual descent of water, resulting in low energy conversion efficiency. At the same time, the water intake structure of some small power generation equipment has poor compatibility with water sources. When the water level fluctuates (such as the water level exceeding the dam during the flood season), it is prone to shutdown or unstable operation, which further limits its applicability and reliability.

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, a stepped gravity power station is proposed. Through a stepped structure adapted to sloping terrain, progressively arranged power generation units, and optimized water diversion and flow guidance design, it achieves efficient and continuous utilization of water flow gravity potential energy and possesses good operational stability, thus solving the problems of high cost, low efficiency, and poor adaptability in existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application aims to at least partially address one of the technical problems in the related art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the first aspect of this application proposes a stepped gravity power station, comprising multiple power generation units arranged sequentially from top to bottom along a sloping terrain, guide plates disposed between adjacent power generation units for guiding water flow, a shell sleeved on the outside of the power generation units, and an arched gravity dam for introducing water flow from above the mountain into the uppermost power generation unit. The slope of the terrain has multiple steps, and a power generation unit is disposed on the platform of each step. Each power generation unit includes a turbine and a generator driven by the turbine. The turbine includes a rotating main shaft and multiple blades fixed on the rotating main shaft; the housing is located on the lower side of the turbine and inside the step, and its inner cavity shape is adapted to the rotation area of ​​the blades; wherein, from the first power generation unit to the last power generation unit, all power generation units have the same structure; water flows in from the turbine inlet of the first power generation unit, flows into the blades after being constrained by the housing, and then flows through the turbines of each power generation unit in sequence, driving each stage of turbines to rotate and generate electricity, and finally flows out from the turbine of the last power generation unit.

[0007] This application discloses a stepped gravity power station with multiple power generation units arranged along a slope. Water flows into the impeller, and the gravitational potential energy of the water drives the impeller to rotate, which in turn drives the generator to produce electricity. During the step-by-step descent, the water is converted into electrical energy multiple times, avoiding the waste of traditional small equipment that is used only once, and significantly improving energy utilization efficiency. It is compatible with arched gravity dams, and the control valves are lower than the dam body to cope with water level fluctuations and prevent dam overflow and shutdown. The stepped baffles prevent water leakage and maintain stable water volume. Overall, it has strong adaptability to terrain and water sources and is reliable in operation. Moreover, it does not require large-scale terrain modification or the construction of high dams, has little impact on the ecology, and meets the requirements of green energy.

[0008] In addition, the stepped gravity power station proposed in this application may also have the following additional technical features: In one embodiment of this application, a control valve is provided on the arched gravity dam; the installation height of the control valve is lower than the height of the arched gravity dam body, so that when the water level exceeds the height of the dam body, the water flow over the dam body does not affect the normal operation of the power station.

[0009] In one embodiment of this application, the diameter of the control valve is matched with the maximum power generation of the turbine.

[0010] In one embodiment of this application, baffles are provided on both sides of the step to prevent water from flowing out laterally.

[0011] In one embodiment of this application, the guide plate is an arc-shaped plate, with its upper end connected to the lower part of the outlet of the previous stage power generation unit and its lower end extending to the upper part of the inlet of the next stage power generation unit.

[0012] The advantages of this application compared to existing technologies are: (1) By setting up multiple power generation units along the sloping terrain, water flows into the impeller. The gravitational potential energy of the water drives the impeller to rotate and drives the generator to generate electrical energy. During the step-by-step falling process, it is converted into electrical energy multiple times, avoiding the energy waste caused by the traditional small power generation equipment that only uses potential energy once, and significantly improving the utilization rate of water flow energy.

[0013] (2) It is compatible with arched gravity dams and the control valve is lower than the height of the dam body, which can cope with water level fluctuations and avoid dam overflow and shutdown; the baffles on both sides of the steps prevent water leakage and ensure stable water volume. The overall structure is highly adaptable to terrain and water source conditions and has high operational reliability.

[0014] (3) Compared with traditional large-scale hydropower stations, this power station does not require large-scale modification of the terrain or construction of high dams, and has a smaller impact on the natural ecological environment, which meets the needs of green energy development.

[0015] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a stepped gravity power station according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a stepped gravity power station according to another embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a stepped gravity power station according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a stepped gravity power station according to an embodiment of this application.

[0017] As shown in the figure: 1. Water turbine; 2. Generator; 3. Shell; 4. Guide plate; 5. Step; 6. Arch gravity dam; 11. Rotating main shaft; 12. Blade. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, describes a stepped gravity power station according to an embodiment of this application.

[0020] Example 1: like Figures 1-4 As shown in the embodiment of this application, a stepped gravity power station is composed of multiple power generation units, a guide plate 4, a shell 3, and an arched gravity dam 6. The components work together to guide water flow and achieve efficient energy conversion. The specific structural details are as follows: 1. Core structural components (1) Construction and function of step 5 Multiple steps 5 are constructed from top to bottom along the slope direction, and the placement of the steps 5 must be precisely adapted to the slope gradient: A stable height difference needs to be formed between adjacent steps 5 to provide the potential energy basis for the water to fall step by step; The platform of each step 5 must be kept level to serve as the installation support surface for the power generation unit, so as to prevent the power generation unit from shifting or deviating due to the terrain tilt and to ensure the stable operation of the equipment.

[0021] (2) Layout and composition of power generation units One power generation unit is fixedly installed on each step 5 of the platform. All power generation units are arranged sequentially from top to bottom along the slope, and the structure of the power generation units from the top (first) to the bottom (last) is completely identical, facilitating standardized production and subsequent maintenance. Each power generation unit contains three core components: Water turbine 1: As the core of energy conversion, it includes a rotating main shaft 11 and multiple blades 12 fixed on the main shaft. The shape and arrangement angle of the blades 12 need to be adapted to the direction of water flow to ensure that the potential energy of the water flow is maximized. Generator 2: It is connected to the rotating main shaft 11 of the water turbine 1 through a transmission structure, and converts the rotational mechanical energy output by the water turbine 1 into electrical energy; Shell 3: Located on the lower side of turbine 1 and inside step 5, it is a local cavity structure adapted to the rotation area of ​​blade 12. Its function is to constrain the water flow path, so that the water flow is concentrated and flows into blade 12 within the cavity, reducing energy loss caused by water flow dispersion and improving the conversion efficiency of potential energy into mechanical energy.

[0022] (3) The tiered utilization path of water flow After the arched gravity dam 6 stores the water flow above the mountain, it introduces the water flow into the turbine 1 of the uppermost power generation unit through the connected water diversion structure. After the water flow enters the inlet of the turbine 1, it flows into the blade 12 in a preset direction under the constraint of the shell 3, driving the blade 12 and the rotating main shaft 11 to rotate, driving the generator 2 to complete the first energy conversion. After completing the work, the water flow out from the outlet of the turbine 1, is guided by the guide plate 4 between adjacent power generation units, and flows precisely into the turbine 1 of the next level power generation unit. In this cycle, the water flows through all power generation units in sequence, realizing the step-by-step and continuous utilization of gravitational potential energy, and finally flows out from the turbine 1 of the lowermost power generation unit.

[0023] 2. Arch gravity dam 6 and overtopping dam design (1) The core function of the arch gravity dam 6 The arched gravity dam 6 serves as the core water source for the power station, and its main functions include: It accumulates natural water flow above the mountain, forming a stable water reservoir to continuously supply water to the power station; The dam's arched structure enhances its resistance to water pressure, adapts to the water storage needs of complex mountainous terrain, and reduces the damage to the surrounding ecology caused by its construction.

[0024] (2) Design of water intake structure and control valves The reservoir area of ​​the arched gravity dam 6 is connected to a water diversion structure, the end of which extends to the water inlet of the turbine 1 of the uppermost power generation unit, responsible for transporting the water stored in the dam to the power generation unit; the water diversion structure is equipped with control valves, and its design meets two core requirements: Installation height adaptation: The installation height of the control valve is lower than the dam height of the arched gravity dam 6. When the reservoir water level exceeds the dam height due to flooding or heavy rain, the excess water can directly overflow the dam and be discharged, while the water level in the water diversion structure is always higher than the control valve, ensuring that the water flow continuously flows into the uppermost power generation unit, avoiding power plant shutdown due to dam overflow, and improving operational stability; Precise matching of valve diameter: The diameter of the control valve is matched with the maximum power generation capacity of turbine 1. When the power station needs to operate at full load, the flow capacity of the control valve in the fully open state can meet the total water demand of turbine 1 for full-load operation of all power generation units. This avoids insufficient water supply and limiting power generation efficiency due to an undersized valve diameter, and also prevents water waste or damage to turbine 1 components due to excessive water flow impact caused by an oversized valve diameter.

[0025] 3. Leak-proof design of step 5 Leakage prevention baffles are installed on both sides of step 5 along its length. The height of the baffles must be higher than the height of the platform of step 5. Their core function is: To prevent water from being lost laterally when flowing over the five steps due to slight terrain deviations or water flow impact; Ensure that the water flow is completely confined within the platform of step 5, and then accurately flows into the turbine 1 of the next power generation unit through the guide plate 4, thus ensuring the stability of water volume in each power generation unit and further improving water resource utilization and power generation efficiency.

[0026] 4. Structure and installation of guide vane 4 The guide plate 4 adopts an arc-shaped plate structure. Its installation must simultaneously meet the requirements of precise adaptation with the inlet and outlet of the adjacent power generation unit and stable connection with the baffles on both sides. The specific design requirements are as follows: Connection method: The left and right ends of the guide plate 4 are fixedly connected to the inner side of the anti-leakage baffles on both sides of the step 5 to form a lateral closed constraint; at the same time, the upper end of the guide plate 4 is set below the water outlet of the turbine 1 of the previous generation unit, and the lower end extends to the upper part of the water inlet of the turbine 1 of the next generation unit. Through the combination design of "connecting with the baffle and sealing the edge + connecting the upper and lower inlet and outlet", a complete and anti-leakage water flow guiding channel is constructed. Arc-shaped adaptation: The arc-shaped bending direction of the guide plate 4 must be consistent with the trajectory of the water flow. Compared with the straight plate structure, the arc-shaped design can reduce eddies and splashes when the water flow changes direction, thus reducing kinetic energy loss; at the same time, it guides the water flow into the next stage turbine 1 at the optimal angle, avoiding energy waste caused by water flow deviation. Combined with the sealing effect of the baffles on both sides, it further ensures stable water flow and continuous operation of the power generation unit.

[0027] Example 2: Based on the above structural design, the complete workflow of this stepped gravity power station is as follows, clearly demonstrating the synergistic effect of each component: 1. Water supply and flow regulation The arched gravity dam 6 continuously accumulates water flowing from above the mountain, forming a stable water source reservoir; Operators can control the flow rate of water into the top-level power generation unit by adjusting the control valves on the water intake structure according to demand or water flow conditions: when it is necessary to increase power generation, the valve opening is increased to increase the water supply; when it is necessary to reduce power generation, the valve opening is decreased to reduce the water supply, thus achieving flexible regulation of power generation.

[0028] 2. Energy conversion of the top-level power generation unit The water flow, after being regulated by the control valve, flows into the inlet of the turbine 1 of the uppermost power generation unit through the water diversion structure; Under the constraint of the shell 3, the water flows into the turbine blade 12 of the water turbine 1 along a preset path. The turbine blade 12 is driven by the gravity of the water flow to rotate the main shaft 11. The generator 2, which is connected to the rotating main shaft 11, operates synchronously to convert rotational mechanical energy into electrical energy, completing the first energy conversion.

[0029] 3. Gradual water flow guidance and continuous power generation The water that has completed the first energy conversion flows out from the outlet of the top turbine 1 and falls into the arc-shaped guide plate 4 below; The guide vane 4 guides the water flow along an arc trajectory, precisely directing it to the water inlet of the turbine 1 in the adjacent next-stage power generation unit; After the water flows into the next stage turbine 1, it repeats the process of "flowing into the impeller 12 - driving the main shaft 11 to rotate - driving the generator 2 to generate electricity", thus completing the second energy conversion. In this cycle, the water flows through each power generation unit, converting potential energy into electrical energy, until it flows through all power generation units, thus realizing the "cascade utilization" of the water's gravitational potential energy.

[0030] 4. Protection against side leakage and overtopping dam When the water flows through the platform of each step 5, the anti-leakage baffles on both sides of the step 5 prevent the water from dissipating laterally, ensuring that all the water can be guided by the guide plate 4 to the next stage turbine 1, thus avoiding water loss. If the reservoir water level exceeds the height of the arched gravity dam 6 during the flood season or heavy rain, the excess water will be discharged by overflowing the dam. Since the control valves are installed at a height lower than the dam, the water diversion structure can still continuously obtain sufficient water from the reservoir to ensure the stable water supply to the uppermost power generation unit. The entire power station will continue to operate continuously without the risk of shutdown.

[0031] 5. Final water discharge and reuse The water flows through all the power generation units in sequence, completes multiple rounds of energy conversion, and then flows out from the outlet of the turbine 1 in the lowest-level power generation unit.

[0032] The following explanation is needed regarding the generation of electrical energy: 1. Fill the blades with water 12.

[0033] 2. Water in blade 12: gravitational potential energy of water → kinetic energy of blade 12 → rotation of generator 2 → electrical energy.

[0034] In summary, the stepped gravity power station of this application, through the coordinated design of step 5 support, shell 3 energy concentration, flow guide plate 4 diversion, and arched gravity dam 6 water stabilization, not only solves the problems of high cost and large ecological impact of traditional large hydropower stations, but also overcomes the defects of low energy utilization and weak anti-interference ability of small hydraulic equipment, thus realizing efficient, stable and green hydropower generation.

[0035] In the description of this specification, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0036] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0037] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention, and common knowledge regarding specific structures and characteristics is not elaborated upon here. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the structure of the present invention, and these should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention. These modifications and improvements will not affect the effectiveness of the present invention or the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection claimed in this application should be determined by the content of its claims, and the specific embodiments described in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A stepped gravity hydroelectric power station, characterized in that, It includes multiple power generation units arranged sequentially from top to bottom along the slope, a guide plate (4) placed between adjacent power generation units to guide water flow, a shell (3) fitted onto the outside of the power generation units, and an arched gravity dam (6) for introducing water flow from above the mountain into the uppermost power generation unit. The slope of the sloping terrain is provided with a number of steps (5), and a power generation unit is provided on the platform of each step (5). Each of the power generation units includes a water turbine (1) and a generator (2) that is drivenly connected to the water turbine (1); the water turbine (1) includes a rotating main shaft (11) and a plurality of blades (12) fixed on the rotating main shaft (11); the housing (3) is located on the lower side of the water turbine (1) and inside the step (5), and its inner cavity shape is adapted to the rotation area of ​​the blades (12); Among them, the structures of all power generation units, from the first power generation unit to the last power generation unit, are exactly the same; Water flows in from the inlet of the turbine (1) of the first power generation unit, flows into the blade (12) after being constrained by the shell (3), and then flows through the turbine (1) of each power generation unit in sequence, driving the turbines (1) of each stage to rotate and generate electricity, and finally flows out from the turbine (1) of the last power generation unit.

2. A stepped gravity hydroelectric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The arched gravity dam (6) is equipped with a control valve; the installation height of the control valve is lower than the height of the dam body of the arched gravity dam (6), and when the water level exceeds the height of the dam body, the water flow will overflow the dam body without affecting the normal operation of the power station.

3. A stepped gravity hydroelectric power station according to claim 2, characterized in that, The diameter of the control valve is matched with the maximum power generation of the turbine (1).

4. A stepped gravity hydroelectric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps (5) are provided with baffles on both sides to prevent water from flowing out laterally.

5. A stepped gravity hydroelectric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guide plate (4) is an arc-shaped plate, with its upper end connected to the lower part of the outlet of the previous generation unit and its lower end extending to the upper part of the inlet of the next generation unit.

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