Computing systems and interconnection methods

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to the field of communications, and provides a computing system and an interconnection method. The system includes: M first devices, each of the first devices including N fully interconnected computing devices; M first conversion devices, the j-th first conversion device being connected to the j-th first device, where 0 < j ≤ M; an optical switching device including N switches, each switch being connected to the M first conversion devices, and the i-th switch being configured to provide an inter-device interconnection channel for the i-th computing device on each first device, where 0 < i ≤ N. Among them, electrical signals are transmitted between any two computing devices on each first device and between each first conversion device and the connected first device, and optical signals are transmitted between each first conversion device and the connected switch. The computing system according to the embodiments of the present disclosure facilitates the expansion of the scale and performance of the computing system and the improvement of the parallel degree of the computing system while ensuring high-speed signal transmission.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of communications, and particularly to a computing system and an interconnection method. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous expansion of the scale of computing tasks and the continuous increase in complexity, a single device gradually shows obvious limitations in computing power and high-speed storage capabilities. Such limitations are mainly reflected in the following aspects: First, the computing devices of a single device (such as Central Processing Unit (CPU) cores, Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) cores, etc.) cannot meet the growing demand for large-scale parallel computing; Second, the limitations of memory bandwidth and storage capacity often lead to performance bottlenecks when processing massive amounts of data; In addition, in the face of tasks such as complex model training or real-time data analysis, a single-device architecture is difficult to achieve efficient load balancing and resource scheduling.

[0003] To break through these limitations, modern high-performance computing systems generally include multiple electronic devices, each electronic device is provided with multiple computing devices, and by interconnecting multiple electronic devices, communication between the computing devices within the computing system is achieved. In this case, the computing power of the computing system far exceeds that of a single device and can meet higher computing requirements. However, if the interconnection of a fixed topology of multiple electronic devices is achieved by cables, the scale and performance of the computing system are limited. If the interconnection of multiple electronic devices is achieved by an electrical signal switch, there is a problem of low parallelism. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present disclosure proposes a computing system and an interconnection method. The computing system according to the embodiments of the present disclosure facilitates the expansion of the scale and performance of the computing system and improves the parallelism of the computing system while ensuring high-speed signal transmission.

[0005] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a computing system is provided, the system includes: M first devices, each first device includes N fully interconnected computing devices, M is an integer greater than 1, and N is a positive integer; M first conversion devices, the j-th first conversion device is connected to the j-th first device, 0 < j ≤ M, and j is an integer; an optical switching device, including N switches, each switch is connected to the M first conversion devices, and the i-th switch is used to provide an inter-device interconnection channel for the i-th computing device on each first device, 0 < i ≤ N, and i is an integer; wherein, electrical signals are transmitted between any two computing devices on each first device, electrical signals are transmitted between each first conversion device and the connected first device, and optical signals are transmitted between each first conversion device and the connected switch.

[0006] In a possible implementation, the i-th switch includes M - 1 first switching units, each first switching unit includes M first ports, and each computing device includes M - 1 second ports; on the j-th first device, the M - 1 second ports of the i-th computing device are respectively connected to the j-th first ports of the M - 1 first switching units of the i-th switch through the first conversion device; each first switching unit is configured to connect paired first ports according to preset port pairing information, and provide an inter-device connection channel for at least one pair of computing devices belonging to different first devices.

[0007] In a possible implementation, when the i-th computing device on the x-th first device is the sending end of an electrical signal and the computing device on the y-th first device is the receiving end of the electrical signal, the x-th first device is configured to determine, according to the port pairing information, the first switching unit that provides an inter-device connection channel for the i-th computing device on the x-th first device and the i-th computing device on the y-th first device; output the electrical signal and the identifier of the determined first switching unit to the x-th first conversion device, where 0 < x ≤ M, 0 < y ≤ M, and x and y are integers; the x-th first conversion device is configured to convert the electrical signal into an optical signal and then output it to the determined first switching unit; the determined first switching unit is configured to receive the optical signal through the x-th first port and output the optical signal to the y-th first conversion device through the y-th first port; the y-th first conversion device is configured to convert the optical signal into an electrical signal and then output it to the i-th computing device on the y-th first device.

[0008] In a possible implementation, the system further includes: K second devices, each second device includes N fully interconnected computing devices, where K is a positive integer; K second conversion devices, the f-th second conversion device is connected to the f-th second device, where 0 < f ≤ K and f is an integer; each switch is further connected to the K second conversion devices, and the second device is used to replace the first device as a new first device; wherein, an electrical signal is transmitted between any two computing devices on each second device, an electrical signal is transmitted between each second conversion device and the connected second device, and an optical signal is transmitted between each second conversion device and the connected switch.

[0009] In a possible implementation, each first switching unit further includes K first ports, on the f-th second device, the M - 1 second ports of the i-th computing device are respectively connected to the (M + f)-th first ports of the M - 1 first switching units of the i-th switch through the second conversion device; when the second device replaces the first device, the port pairing information is updated, and the first switching unit is further configured to update the connection relationship between the first ports according to the updated port pairing information.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the i-th switch further includes W second switching units, where W is a positive integer, and each second switching unit includes M first ports; on the j-th first device, the M-1 second ports of the i-th computing device are respectively connected to the j-th first ports of the W second switching units of the i-th switch through the first conversion device; the second switching units are used to replace the first switching units as new first switching units.

[0011] In one possible implementation, when the second switching unit replaces the first switching unit, it updates the port pairing information. The second switching unit is further configured to update the connection relationship between the first ports according to the updated port pairing information. The connection method of the first port on the second switching unit is the same as the connection method of the first port on the replaced first switching unit.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the i-th switch includes M third ports, each computing device includes M-1 fourth ports, and on the j-th first device, the M-1 fourth ports of the i-th computing device are respectively connected to the j-th third ports of each switch through the first conversion device. The i-th switch is used to connect paired third ports when preset conditions are met, thereby providing an inter-device interconnection channel for at least one pair of computing devices belonging to different first devices.

[0013] In one possible implementation, when the i-th computing device on the x-th first device acts as the transmitter of the electrical signal and the computing device on the y-th first device acts as the receiver of the electrical signal,

[0014] The x-th first device is configured to output the electrical signal to the x-th first conversion device, where 0 < x ≤ M, 0 < y ≤ M, and x and y are integers; the x-th first conversion device is configured to send the identifiers of the sending end and the receiving end of the electrical signal to the i-th switch; the i-th switch is configured to determine, according to the identifiers of the sending end and the receiving end of the electrical signal, that the x-th third port and the y-th third port are paired, and determine whether the x-th third port and the y-th third port are occupied; when the x-th third port and the y-th third port are not occupied and meet the preset conditions, connect the x-th third port and the y-th third port; output the information that the ports are connected to the x-th first conversion device; the x-th first conversion device is further configured to, after receiving the information that the ports are connected, convert the electrical signal into an optical signal and output it to the i-th switch; the i-th switch is further configured to receive the optical signal through the x-th third port and output the optical signal to the y-th first conversion device through the y-th third port; the y-th first conversion device is configured to convert the optical signal into an electrical signal and output it to the i-th computing device on the y-th first device.

[0015] In a possible implementation manner, on any one of the first devices, the i-th computing device is configured to store the electrical signal when receiving the electrical signal and itself being the receiving end of the electrical signal; when receiving the electrical signal and other computing devices on the affiliated first device being the receiving end of the electrical signal, output the electrical signal to the other computing devices.

[0016] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, an interconnection method is provided. The method is applied to a computing system, and the system includes M first devices, M first conversion devices, and an optical switching device. Each first device includes N fully interconnected computing devices, and the optical switching device includes N switches, where M is an integer greater than 1 and N is a positive integer; the method includes: connecting the j-th first conversion device to the j-th first device, where 0 < j ≤ M and j is an integer; connecting each switch to the M first conversion devices, and using the i-th switch to provide an inter-device interconnection channel for the i-th computing device on each first device, where 0 < i ≤ N and i is an integer; wherein, an electrical signal is transmitted between any two computing devices on each first device, an electrical signal is transmitted between each first conversion device and the connected first device, and an optical signal is transmitted between each first conversion device and the connected switch.

[0017] In a possible implementation, the i-th switch includes M - 1 first switching units, each first switching unit includes M first ports, and each computing device includes M - 1 second ports; on the j-th first device, the M - 1 second ports of the i-th computing device are respectively connected to the j-th first ports of the M - 1 first switching units of the i-th switch through the first conversion device; using the i-th switch to provide an inter-device interconnect channel for the i-th computing device on each first device includes: using each first switching unit to connect paired first ports according to preset port pairing information to provide an inter-device interconnect channel for at least one pair of computing devices belonging to different first devices.

[0018] In a possible implementation, when the i-th computing device on the x-th first device is the sending end of an electrical signal and the computing device on the y-th first device is the receiving end of the electrical signal, the method further includes: the x-th first device determines a first switching unit that provides an inter-device interconnect channel for the i-th computing device on the x-th first device and the i-th computing device on the y-th first device according to the port pairing information; outputs the electrical signal and the identifier of the determined first switching unit to the x-th first conversion device, where 0 < x ≤ M, 0 < y ≤ M, and x and y are integers; the x-th first conversion device converts the electrical signal into an optical signal and then outputs it to the determined first switching unit; the determined first switching unit receives the optical signal through the x-th first port and outputs the optical signal to the y-th first conversion device through the y-th first port; the y-th first conversion device converts the optical signal into an electrical signal and then outputs it to the i-th computing device on the y-th first device.

[0019] In a possible implementation, the system further includes: K second devices and K second conversion devices, each second device includes N fully interconnected computing devices, where K is a positive integer; the method further includes: connecting the f-th second conversion device to the f-th second device, where 0 < f ≤ K and f is an integer; connecting each switch to the K second conversion devices, and using the second device to replace the first device as the new first device; where an electrical signal is transmitted between any two computing devices on each second device, an electrical signal is transmitted between each second conversion device and the connected second device, and an optical signal is transmitted between each second conversion device and the connected switch.

[0020] In one possible implementation, each first switching unit further includes K first ports. On the f-th second device, M-1 second ports of the i-th computing device are respectively connected to the M+f-th first ports of the M-1 first switching units of the i-th switch through a second conversion device. When the second device replaces the first device, the port pairing information is updated. The method further includes: using the first switching unit to update the connection relationship between the first ports according to the updated port pairing information.

[0021] In one possible implementation, the i-th switch further includes W second switching units, where W is a positive integer, and each second switching unit includes M first ports; on the j-th first device, the M-1 second ports of the i-th computing device are respectively connected to the j-th first ports of the W second switching units of the i-th switch through the first conversion device; the method further includes: replacing the first switching unit with the second switching unit as a new first switching unit.

[0022] In one possible implementation, when the second switching unit replaces the first switching unit, the port pairing information is updated. The method further includes: the second switching unit updates the connection relationship between the first ports according to the updated port pairing information; wherein the connection method of the first port on the second switching unit is the same as the connection method of the first port on the replaced first switching unit.

[0023] In one possible implementation, the i-th switch includes M third ports, each computing device includes M-1 fourth ports, and on the j-th first device, the M-1 fourth ports of the i-th computing device are respectively connected to the j-th third ports of each switch through the first conversion device. The step of using the i-th switch to provide an inter-device interconnection channel for the i-th computing device on each first device includes: the i-th switch connecting paired third ports when a preset condition is met, thereby providing an inter-device interconnection channel for at least one pair of computing devices belonging to different first devices.

[0024] In a possible implementation, when the i-th computing device on the x-th first device serves as the sending end of the electrical signal and the computing device on the y-th first device serves as the receiving end of the electrical signal, the method further includes: the x-th first device outputs the electrical signal to the x-th first conversion device, where 0 < x ≤ M, 0 < y ≤ M, and x and y are integers; the x-th first conversion device sends the identifiers of the sending end and the receiving end of the electrical signal to the i-th switch; when the preset condition is met, the i-th switch connects the paired third ports, including: the i-th switch determines that the x-th third port and the y-th third port are paired according to the identifiers of the sending end and the receiving end of the electrical signal, and determines whether the x-th third port and the y-th third port are occupied; when the x-th third port and the y-th third port are not occupied, the preset condition is met, and the x-th third port and the y-th third port are connected; the method further includes: outputting the information that the port has been connected to the x-th first conversion device; after receiving the information that the port has been connected, the x-th first conversion device converts the electrical signal into an optical signal and outputs it to the i-th switch; the i-th switch receives the optical signal through the x-th third port and outputs the optical signal to the y-th first conversion device through the y-th third port; the y-th first conversion device converts the optical signal into an electrical signal and outputs it to the i-th computing device on the y-th first device.

[0025] In a possible implementation, the method further includes: on any first device, when the i-th computing device receives an electrical signal and itself serves as the receiving end of the electrical signal, it stores the electrical signal; when it receives an electrical signal and other computing devices on the first device to which it belongs serve as the receiving end of the electrical signal, it outputs the electrical signal to the other computing devices.

[0026] A computing system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes M first devices, each first device includes N computing devices with full interconnection, M is an integer greater than 1, and N is a positive integer; it includes M first conversion devices, and the jth first conversion device is connected to the jth first device, 0 < j ≤ M, and j is an integer; it includes an optical switching device, which includes N switches, each switch is connected to M first conversion devices, and the ith switch is used to provide an inter-device interconnection channel for the ith computing device on each first device, 0 < i ≤ N, and i is an integer. Electrical signals are transmitted between any two computing devices on each first device, electrical signals are transmitted between each first conversion device and the connected first device, and optical signals are transmitted between each first conversion device and the connected switch. The transmission speed of optical signals is faster. Under the condition of ensuring high-speed signal transmission, the distance of electronic devices can be set farther, which is convenient for expanding the scale and performance of the computing system. The optical switching device includes multiple switches, and the ith switch provides an inter-device interconnection channel for the ith computing device on each first device. When multiple computing devices on a single device have inter-device communication requirements, the degree of bandwidth competition can be reduced, and the parallelism and working efficiency of the computing system can be improved. Therefore, the computing system according to the embodiment of the present disclosure can expand the scale and performance of the computing system and improve the parallelism of the computing system while ensuring high-speed signal transmission.

[0027] Other features and aspects of the present disclosure will become clear from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] The accompanying drawings, which are included in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments, features, and aspects of the present disclosure and are used to explain the principles of the present disclosure.

[0029] Figure 1 An exemplary application scenario of a computing system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0030] Figure 2 A schematic diagram showing the structure of a computing system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0031] Figure 3a A schematic diagram showing the connection manner between a first switching unit and a computing device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0032] Figure 3b A schematic diagram showing the connection manner between a first switching unit and a computing device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0033] Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing the process of a computing system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure implementing cross-device communication of computing devices is shown.

[0034] Figure 5A schematic diagram showing the structure of a computing system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is provided.

[0035] Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing the connection method between the second switching unit and the computing device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0036] Figure 7 A schematic diagram illustrating the connection method between a switch and a computing device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0037] Figure 8 A schematic diagram illustrating the process of implementing cross-device communication of computing devices in a computing system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0038] Figure 9 A schematic diagram illustrating the flow of an interconnection method according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0039] Various exemplary embodiments, features, and aspects of this disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote elements that have the same or similar functions. Although various aspects of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, they are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated otherwise.

[0040] As used herein, the terms “comprising,” “including,” “having,” or variations thereof are open-ended and include one or more of the stated features, integrals, elements, steps, components, or functions, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, elements, steps, components, functions, or groups thereof.

[0041] When an element is referred to as “connected,” “coupled,” “responding,” or a variation thereof relative to another element, it may be directly connected, coupled, or responding to another element, or there may be an intermediate element present.

[0042] Although the terms first, second, third, etc., may be used herein to describe various elements / operations, these elements / operations should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element / operation from another. Therefore, without departing from the teachings of the inventive concept, a first element / operation in some embodiments may be referred to as a second element / operation in other embodiments.

[0043] The term “exemplary” as used herein means “serving as an example, embodiment, or illustration.” Any embodiment illustrated herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as superior to or better than other embodiments.

[0044] Furthermore, to better illustrate this disclosure, numerous specific details are set forth in the following detailed description. Those skilled in the art will understand that this disclosure can be practiced without certain specific details. In some instances, methods, means, components, and circuits well known to those skilled in the art have not been described in detail in order to highlight the main points of this disclosure.

[0045] As mentioned above, if a fixed topology is used to interconnect multiple electronic devices in a computing system via cables, the devices must be placed very close together to ensure high-speed signal transmission. This limits the scale and performance of the computing system to some extent and can also lead to problems such as slow heat dissipation and power supply shortages. If multiple electronic devices are connected to an electrical signal switch, bandwidth contention may arise when multiple computing devices on a single device have inter-device communication needs, reducing the parallelism and efficiency of the computing system. Setting up the electrical signal switch so that each computing device on one device has an independent interconnection channel with each computing device on another device would greatly increase the implementation complexity of the electrical signal switch and result in excessive hardware costs.

[0046] In view of this, the computing system of the present disclosure, while ensuring high-speed signal transmission, facilitates the expansion of the scale and performance of the computing system and improves the parallelism of the computing system.

[0047] Furthermore, the computing system of this disclosure embodiment can provide independent interconnection channels for the computing device on each device and the corresponding computing device on other devices with low hardware cost, which facilitates hardware implementation.

[0048] Figure 1 This illustrates exemplary application scenarios of a computing system according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0049] like Figure 1 As shown, this application scenario can include user terminals and computing systems. User terminals are used by users and can publish computing tasks to the computing system. Computing tasks can be tasks such as model training, data analysis, and image rendering. The computing system can be a distributed computing system including multiple electronic devices (such as servers). Computing tasks can be divided into multiple sub-tasks, with each electronic device executing a corresponding sub-task, acquiring a portion of the data to be processed, or acquiring the execution results of other electronic devices and processing the data. The execution results of the computing tasks can be output from the computing system to the user terminal.

[0050] It should be understood that not all electronic devices in a computing system need to participate in the execution of a computing task; the computing system may select some electronic devices to participate in the execution of the task according to the requirements of the computing task. This disclosure does not limit the specific method by which the computing system executes computing tasks.

[0051] Figure 2A schematic diagram showing the structure of a computing system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0052] In a possible implementation, the computing system includes M first devices, each first device includes N fully interconnected computing devices, M is an integer greater than 1, and N is a positive integer;

[0053] M first conversion devices, the jth first conversion device is connected to the jth first device, 0 < j ≤ M, and j is an integer;

[0054] An optical switching device, including N switches, each switch is connected to M first conversion devices, and the ith switch is used to provide an inter-device interconnect channel for the ith computing device on each first device, 0 < i ≤ N, and i is an integer;

[0055] Among them, electrical signals are transmitted between any two computing devices on each first device, electrical signals are transmitted between each first conversion device and the connected first device, and optical signals are transmitted between each first conversion device and the connected switch.

[0056] For example, as Figure 2 shown, assuming M = 16 and N = 8, the computing system may include 16 first devices s1 - s16, 16 first conversion devices t1 - t16, and an optical switching device c1.

[0057] The first device may be a server or a terminal device, and the present disclosure embodiment does not limit the specific type of the first device. Each first device includes 8 fully interconnected computing devices. For example, the first device s1 includes computing devices d11 - d18, and the first device s16 includes computing devices d161 - d168. The computing device may be a complete CPU / GPU, or a CPU core or a GPU core, etc. The present disclosure embodiment does not limit the specific type of the computing device. In Figure 2 the example, for the sake of clear description, only the interconnection methods of the computing device d11 with the computing devices d12 - d18 in the first device s1 and the interconnection methods of the computing device d161 with the computing devices d162 - d168 in the first device s16 are shown.

[0058] Electrical signals are transmitted between any two computing devices on each first device. Therefore, electrical signal transmission media such as cables or printed circuit board (PCB) copper wires can be used to interconnect the multiple computing devices on each first device.

[0059] The computing system may include 16 first conversion devices t1-t16, with the j-th first conversion device connected to the j-th first device. For example, the first first conversion device t1 may be connected to the first first device s1, and the sixteenth first conversion device t16 may be connected to the sixteenth first device s16. Each first conversion device transmits electrical signals with the connected first device, therefore, each first conversion device and the connected first device may be interconnected using electrical signal transmission media such as cables or PCB copper wires.

[0060] The first conversion device may be a photoelectric conversion device, capable of converting electrical signals and optical signals to each other. The first conversion device may include an electrical interface (not shown) for connecting to the first device. This disclosure does not limit the number of electrical interfaces provided on the first conversion device.

[0061] The optical switching device c1 includes eight switches sg1-sg8, each switch connecting to 16 first conversion devices t1-t16. Each first conversion device also includes an optical interface (not shown) connected to the switches. This embodiment does not limit the number of optical interfaces provided on the first conversion device.

[0062] Each first conversion device transmits optical signals with the connected switch, therefore each first conversion device and the connected switch can be interconnected using optical signal transmission media such as optical fiber.

[0063] The i-th switch provides an inter-device interconnection channel for the i-th computing device on each first device. For example, the first switch sg1 provides an inter-device interconnection channel for the first computing device d11 on the first device s1 to connect with the first computing device (including computing device d161) on other first devices, and the eighth switch sg8 provides an inter-device interconnection channel for the eighth computing device d18 on the first device s1 to connect with the eighth computing device (including computing device d168) on other first devices. In this case, multiple computing devices on each first device can use their respective inter-device interconnection channels in parallel, improving the parallelism of the computing system.

[0064] A computing system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes M first devices, each first device includes N fully interconnected computing devices, M is an integer greater than 1, and N is a positive integer; includes M first conversion devices, the jth first conversion device is connected to the jth first device, 0 < j ≤ M, and j is an integer; includes an optical switching device, which includes N switches, each switch is connected to M first conversion devices, and the ith switch is used to provide an inter-device interconnection channel for the ith computing device on each first device, 0 < i ≤ N, and i is an integer. Electrical signals are transmitted between any two computing devices on each first device, electrical signals are transmitted between each first conversion device and the connected first device, and optical signals are transmitted between each first conversion device and the connected switch. The transmission speed of optical signals is faster. Under the condition of ensuring high-speed signal transmission, the distance of electronic devices can be set farther, which is convenient for expanding the scale and performance of the computing system. The optical switching device includes multiple switches, and the ith switch provides an inter-device interconnection channel for the ith computing device on each first device. When multiple computing devices on a single device have inter-device communication requirements, the degree of bandwidth competition can be reduced, and the parallel degree and working efficiency of the computing system can be improved. Therefore, the computing system according to the embodiment of the present disclosure can expand the scale and performance of the computing system and improve the parallel degree of the computing system while ensuring high-speed signal transmission.

[0065] The switches can be further set so that each computing device on each device has an independent interconnection channel with each corresponding computing device on other devices.

[0066] In a possible implementation, the ith switch includes M - 1 first switching units, each first switching unit includes M first ports, and each computing device includes M - 1 second ports;

[0067] On the jth first device, the M - 1 second ports of the ith computing device are respectively connected to the jth first ports of the M - 1 first switching units of the ith switch through the first conversion device;

[0068] Each first switching unit is used to connect the paired first ports according to the preset port pairing information, and provide an inter-device interconnection channel for at least one pair of computing devices belonging to different first devices.

[0069] Figure 3a and Figure 3b A schematic diagram showing the connection manner between the first switching unit and the computing device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0070] For example, as Figure 3a and Figure 3bAs shown, assuming M=16, each switch may include 15 first switching units, for example, switch sg1 includes first switching units sw1-sw15. Each first switching unit may include 16 first ports. The first ports are used to connect to the first conversion device.

[0071] Accordingly, each computing device may include 15 second ports. On the j-th first device, the 15 second ports of the i-th computing device are respectively connected to the j-th first ports of the 15 first switching units of the i-th switch via a first conversion device.

[0072] For example, from the perspective of computing devices, in Figure 3a In the example, on the second (j=2) first device s2, the 15 second ports of the first (i=1) computing device d21 are connected to the second (j=2) first ports of the 15 first switching units sw1-sw15 of the first (i=1) switch sg1 through the first conversion device t2.

[0073] From the perspective of the first switching unit, in Figure 3b In the example, the 16 first ports of the first switching unit sw1 of the first (i=1) switch are connected to the first second ports of the first (i=1) computing devices d11-d161 on the 16 first devices through the first conversion devices t1-t16. Similarly, the 16 first ports of the second switching unit of the first (i=1) switch are connected to the second second ports of the first (i=1) computing devices d11-d161 on the 16 first devices through the first conversion devices t1-t16.

[0074] Those skilled in the art will understand that, for the sake of clarity, Figure 3a The connection relationships of the other first ports in the first switching unit, excluding the second first port, are not shown. Figure 3b The diagram does not show the connection relationships of the ports other than the first second port in the computing device. However, in real-world applications, the other first ports are not idle.

[0075] Each first switching unit has the capability to connect to any two of its own first ports. In this case, the second ports connected to the two first ports are also connected to each other, forming an inter-device interconnect channel between the computing devices containing the two second ports.

[0076] For example, in Figure 3bIn the example, when the first port of the first switching unit sw1 is connected to the second first port, the first second port of the first computing device d11 of the first first device s1 can be connected to the first second port of the first computing device d21 of the second first device s2. This path can be used as an inter-device interconnection channel between the computing device d11 and the computing device d21.

[0077] When each first switching unit includes 16 first ports, each first switching unit can provide at most 8 pairs of computing devices with inter-device interconnection channels, that is, each first switching unit can provide 8 inter-device interconnection channels. A total of 120 inter-device interconnection channels can be provided by 15 first switching units. There are 120 possibilities for pairwise communication between the 16 computing devices on 16 first devices. Therefore, the i-th switch can meet the communication requirements between the i-th computing devices on 16 first devices.

[0078] This embodiment of the present disclosure does not limit which computing devices the inter-device interconnection channels are provided by each first switching unit. Table 1 shows an example of using the first switch to provide inter-device interconnection channels for the first computing devices on 16 first devices according to this embodiment of the present disclosure. Among them, (a, b) indicates that the a-th first port is connected to the b-th first port, providing an inter-device interconnection channel for the first computing device on the a-th first device and the first computing device on the b-th first device. 0 < a ≤ 16, 0 < b ≤ 16, and a and b are integers.

[0079] Table 1

[0080]

[0081] Taking the first switching unit sw1 as an example, the first port of sw1 is connected to the second port, providing an inter-device interconnection channel for the first computing device on the first device and the first computing device on the second device. The third port of sw1 is connected to the fourth port, providing an inter-device interconnection channel for the first computing device on the third device and the first computing device on the fourth device. The fifth port of sw1 is connected to the sixth port, providing an inter-device interconnection channel for the first computing device on the fifth device and the first computing device on the sixth device. The seventh port of sw1 is connected to the eighth port, providing an inter-device interconnection channel for the first computing device on the seventh device and the first computing device on the eighth device. The ninth port of sw1 is connected to the eleventh port, providing an inter-device interconnection channel for the first computing device on the ninth device and the first computing device on the eleventh device. The 12th first port of sw1 connects to the 13th first port, providing an inter-device interconnection channel for the first computing device on the 12th first device and the first computing device on the 13th first device. The 14th first port of sw1 connects to the 15th first port, providing an inter-device interconnection channel for the first computing device on the 14th first device and the first computing device on the 15th first device. The 16th first port of sw1 connects to the 10th first port, providing an inter-device interconnection channel for the first computing device on the 16th first device and the first computing device on the 10th first device.

[0082] In this scenario, each device interconnection channel can support scale-up interconnection protocols. Compared to electrical signal switches, the hardware cost of adding switching units and setting up ports in optical switches is lower. Therefore, the computing system of this disclosure embodiment can provide independent interconnection channels for computing devices on each device and corresponding computing devices on other devices at a lower hardware cost, further improving the parallelism and efficiency of the computing system.

[0083] Figure 4 A schematic diagram illustrating the process of implementing cross-device communication of computing devices in a computing system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0084] like Figure 4 As shown, in one possible implementation, when the i-th computing device on the x-th first device acts as the transmitter of the electrical signal and the computing device on the y-th first device acts as the receiver of the electrical signal,

[0085] The x-th first device is configured to determine, according to port pairing information, a first switching unit that provides an inter-device connection channel for the i-th computing device on the x-th first device and the i-th computing device on the y-th first device, and output an electrical signal and an identifier of the determined first switching unit to the x-th first conversion device (step S41), where 0 < x ≤ M, 0 < y ≤ M, and x and y are integers;

[0086] The x-th first conversion device is configured to convert the electrical signal into an optical signal and then output it to the determined first switching unit (step S42);

[0087] The determined first switching unit is configured to receive the optical signal through the x-th first port and output the optical signal to the y-th first conversion device through the y-th first port (step S43);

[0088] The y-th first conversion device is configured to convert the optical signal into an electrical signal and then output it to the i-th computing device on the y-th first device (step S44).

[0089] For example, assume M = 16, N = 8, and each first device may store port pairing information of each switch. An example of the port pairing information of a single switch can be seen in Table 1. The following gives an exemplary process of the computing system implementing cross-device communication of computing devices when x = 2, y = 16, and i = 1.

[0090] When the first computing device d21 on the second (x = 2) first device s2 is the sender of the electrical signal and the computing device on the 16th (y = 16) first device is the receiver of the electrical signal, it can be determined that the inter-device connection channel between the first computing device d21 on the second first device and the first computing device d161 on the 16th first device needs to be used. The second first device can first query the stored port pairing information to determine a first switching unit that provides an inter-device connection channel for the first computing device d21 on the second first device and the first computing device d161 on the 16th first device. Assuming the port pairing information is as shown in Table 1, the determined first switching unit can be sw15.

[0091] The second first device can output the electrical signal and the identifier of the determined first switching unit (such as sw15) to the second first conversion device.

[0092] The second first conversion device can convert the electrical signal into an optical signal and then transmit the optical signal to the determined first switching unit sw15 according to the identifier of the determined first switching unit.

[0093] The first switching unit SW15 can receive optical signals from the second first device through the second first port. According to the port pairing information, the second first port of the first switching unit SW15 is connected to the 16th first port. Therefore, the optical signal can be output to the 16th first conversion device through the 16th first port.

[0094] The 16th first conversion device can convert the optical signal into an electrical signal and output it to the first computing device d161 on the 16th first device.

[0095] In one possible implementation, on any first device, the i-th computing device is used for,

[0096] When it receives an electrical signal and acts as the receiver of the electrical signal, it stores the electrical signal.

[0097] When an electrical signal is received and another computing device on the first device acts as the receiver of the electrical signal, the electrical signal is output to the other computing device.

[0098] For example, when the i-th computing device on the x-th first device acts as the transmitter of an electrical signal, regardless of which computing device on the y-th first device acts as the receiver of the electrical signal, the electrical signal is transmitted to the i-th computing device on the y-th first device through the inter-device interconnection channel between the i-th computing device on the x-th first device and the i-th computing device on the y-th first device.

[0099] If the i-th computing device on the y-th first device is the receiver of the electrical signal, then after receiving the electrical signal, it can store the electrical signal and start executing the task when the task execution conditions are met. For example, if the 1st computing device d161 on the 16th first device is the receiver of the electrical signal, then computing device d161 stores the electrical signal.

[0100] If other computing devices on the y-th first device act as receivers of electrical signals, then after receiving the electrical signal, the i-th computing device can transmit the electrical signal to that computing device via a cable or PCB copper wire. For example, if the second computing device d162 on the 16th first device is the receiver of electrical signals, then computing device d161 can transmit the electrical signal to computing device d162.

[0101] In this case, the computing system can enable cross-device communication between any two computing devices on any two first devices.

[0102] Figure 5 A schematic diagram showing the structure of a computing system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is provided.

[0103] like Figure 5 As shown, in one possible implementation, the computing system further includes:

[0104] K second devices, each second device including N fully interconnected computing devices, where K is a positive integer;

[0105] K second conversion devices, the f-th second conversion device being connected to the f-th second device, where 0 < f ≤ K and f is an integer;

[0106] Each switch is also connected to K second conversion devices, and the second device is used to replace the first device as the new first device;

[0107] Wherein, electrical signals are transmitted between any two computing devices on each second device, electrical signals are transmitted between each second conversion device and the connected second device, and optical signals are transmitted between each second conversion device and the connected switch.

[0108] For example, since the number of first devices is preset, when any one of the first devices has a problem, it will first affect the task execution efficiency of the first device itself. Secondly, if the task execution processes of other first devices depend on the task execution results of this first device, it will also affect the task execution efficiency of other first devices.

[0109] In response, the computing system of the embodiments of the present disclosure may further include K second devices. The structure and function of the second device are the same as those of the first device, and each second device includes N fully interconnected computing devices. Exemplarily, the N computing devices may be interconnected by cables or PCB copper wires, and electrical signals are transmitted between any two computing devices on each second device. The second device may be a terminal device or a server, and the embodiments of the present disclosure do not limit the specific type of the second device. The value of K may be determined according to the requirements of the application scenario, and the embodiments of the present disclosure do not limit this. In Figure 5 the example of

[0110] Figure 5 In the example of

[0111] each switch is also connected to K second conversion devices. Exemplarily, each switch may be interconnected with the second conversion device by optical fiber, and optical signals are transmitted between each second conversion device and the connected switch.

[0112] In this scenario, if the first device malfunctions, the second device can replace it and perform the task, effectively becoming the new first device. The second conversion device connected to the second device can replace the first conversion device connected to the first device to perform photoelectric conversion and signal transmission. Figure 5 In the example, the computing system includes a second conversion device t_1.

[0113] In this way, the impact of equipment failure on the efficiency of the computing system can be reduced, and the fault tolerance of the computing system can be improved.

[0114] The following describes an exemplary method of replacing the first device with a second device according to embodiments of this disclosure.

[0115] In one possible implementation, each first switching unit further includes K first ports, and on the f-th second device, M-1 second ports of the i-th computing device are respectively connected to the M+f-th first ports of the M-1 first switching units of the i-th switch through a second conversion device;

[0116] When the second device replaces the first device, the port pairing information is updated. The first switching unit is also used to update the connection relationship between the first ports according to the updated port pairing information.

[0117] For example, each computing device on the second device also includes M-1 first ports, and each first switching unit also includes K first ports. That is, each first switching unit has a total of M+K first ports.

[0118] On the f-th second device, the M-1 second ports of the i-th computing device are respectively connected to the M+f-th first ports of the M-1 first switching units of the i-th switch through the second conversion device. For example, when M=16 and f=1, on the 1st second device, the 15 second ports of the 1st computing device are respectively connected to the 17th first ports of the 15 first switching units of the 1st switch through the second conversion device.

[0119] Assuming the first device malfunctions, the first device is replaced by the first second device. The port configuration information of the first switch before replacement is shown in Table 1. The updated port configuration information of the first switch can be found in Table 2.

[0120] Table 2

[0121]

[0122] Each first switching unit is also used to update the connection relationship between the first ports according to the updated port pairing information. Taking the first switching unit sw1 as an example, it is necessary to disconnect the first and second first ports and connect the 17th first port and the first first port.

[0123] This method makes replacing the first device simpler and more efficient.

[0124] In one possible implementation, the i-th switch also includes W second switching units, where W is a positive integer, and each second switching unit includes M first ports;

[0125] On the j-th first device, the M-1 second ports of the i-th computing device are respectively connected to the j-th first ports of the W second switching units of the i-th switch through the first conversion device;

[0126] The second switching unit is used to replace the first switching unit as a new first switching unit.

[0127] For example, since the number of first switching units is also preset, when any one of the first switching units malfunctions, it will affect the task execution efficiency of the computing device that provides the inter-device interconnection channel through that first switching unit.

[0128] In this embodiment, each switch may further include W second switching units. The structure and function of the second switching unit are the same as those of the first switching unit, and each second switching unit includes M first ports. The value of W can be determined according to the application scenario requirements, and this embodiment does not impose any limitations on it.

[0129] On each first device, the M-1 second ports of the i-th computing device are respectively connected to the i-th first port of the W second switching units of the i-th switch through the first conversion device. Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing the connection method between the second switching unit and the computing device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0130] like Figure 6 As shown, assuming M=16, W=1, the first switch also includes a second switching unit sw_1. The second switching unit sw_1 also includes 16 first ports, which are connected to the first second ports of the first computing devices d11-d161 on the 16 first devices s1-s16 via 16 first conversion devices t1-t16. In this case, if the first switching unit malfunctions, the second switching unit can replace the first switching unit as the new first switching unit.

[0131] The following describes an exemplary method of replacing the first switching unit with the second switching unit in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0132] In one possible implementation, the port pairing information is updated when the second switching unit replaces the first switching unit.

[0133] The second switching unit is also used to update the connection relationship between the first ports according to the updated port pairing information;

[0134] The connection method of the first port on the second switching unit is the same as the connection method of the first port on the first switching unit that is being replaced.

[0135] For example, when a second switching unit replaces a first switching unit on a switch, the port configuration information of that switch is updated. The connection method of the first port on the second switching unit, as indicated in the port configuration information, can be the same as the connection method of the first port on the replaced first switching unit. Suppose that the first switching unit sw1 has a problem, and the second switching unit sw_1 replaces the first switching unit sw1. The port configuration information of the first switch before the replacement is shown in Table 1. The updated port configuration information of the first switch at this time can be seen in Table 3.

[0136] Table 3

[0137]

[0138] In this case, the inter-device interconnection channel provided by the second switching unit sw_1 can be the same as the inter-device interconnection channel provided by the first switching unit sw1 that is being replaced.

[0139] In this way, the impact of a failure in the first switching unit on the efficiency of the computing system can be reduced, and the fault tolerance of the computing system can be improved.

[0140] Those skilled in the art will understand that the computing system may also include more fault-tolerant designs, such as setting up a backup switch to replace the faulty switch, etc. The embodiments of this disclosure do not limit the fault-tolerant design of the computing system.

[0141] To further reduce hardware costs, it is also possible to enable communication between the i-th computing devices on multiple first devices to share fiber optic resources.

[0142] Figure 7 A schematic diagram illustrating the connection method between a switch and a computing device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0143] In one possible implementation, the i-th switch includes M third ports, and each computing device includes a fourth port.

[0144] On the j-th first device, the fourth port of the i-th computing device is connected to the j-th third port of the i-th switch through the first conversion device.

[0145] The i-th switch is configured to connect the paired third ports when a preset condition is satisfied, so as to provide an inter-device interconnection channel for at least one pair of computing devices belonging to different first devices.

[0146] For example, as Figure 7 shown, when M = 16, N = 8, and i = 1, each switch (see sg1 in Figure 7 ) may include 16 third ports, and each computing device (see d11 - d161 in Figure 7 ) includes 1 fourth port. It is not necessary to further provide an independent switching unit in the first switch, and directly connect the fourth ports of the computing devices d11 - d161 to the 16 third ports of the first switch through the first conversion devices t1 - t16 respectively.

[0147] At this time, the i-th switch is configured to connect the paired third ports when a preset condition is satisfied, so as to provide an inter-device interconnection channel for at least one pair of computing devices belonging to different first devices. When the i-th computing device on the x-th first device is used as the sending end of the electrical signal and the computing device on the y-th first device is used as the receiving end of the electrical signal, the x-th third port and the y-th third port of the i-th switch are the paired third ports. The preset condition is satisfied when the x-th third port and the y-th third port are not occupied.

[0148] In this case, the i-th switch can provide at most 8 inter-device interconnection channels simultaneously.

[0149] Figure 8 A schematic diagram showing the process of a computing system implementing cross-device communication of computing devices according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0150] As Figure 8 shown, when the i-th computing device on the x-th first device is used as the sending end of the electrical signal and the computing device on the y-th first device is used as the receiving end of the electrical signal,

[0151] The x-th first device is configured to output the electrical signal to the x-th first conversion device (step S81), where 0 < x ≤ M, 0 < y ≤ M, and x and y are integers;

[0152] The x-th first conversion device is configured to send the identifiers of the sending end and the receiving end of the electrical signal to the i-th switch (step S82);

[0153] The i-th switch is used to determine the pairing of the x-th and y-th third ports based on the identifiers of the transmitting and receiving ends of the electrical signals, and to determine whether the x-th and y-th third ports are occupied; if the x-th and y-th third ports are not occupied, the preset conditions are met, and the x-th and y-th third ports are connected; the information that the ports are connected is output to the x-th first conversion device (step S83).

[0154] The xth first conversion device is also used to convert the electrical signal into an optical signal and output it to the i-th switch after receiving the information that the port is connected (step S84).

[0155] The i-th switch is also used to receive optical signals through the x-th third port and output optical signals to the y-th first conversion device through the y-th third port (step S85).

[0156] The y-th first conversion device is used to convert the optical signal into an electrical signal and output it to the i-th computing device on the y-th first device (step S86).

[0157] For example, suppose M=16 and N=8. The following is an exemplary process for a computing system to implement cross-device communication between computing devices when x=1, y=2, and i=1.

[0158] When the first computing device on the first first device acts as the transmitter of the electrical signal and the computing device on the second first device acts as the receiver of the electrical signal, the first computing device on the first first device can output the electrical signal to the first first conversion device.

[0159] The first conversion device can determine the identifier of the transmitting end (e.g., d11) and the identifier of the receiving end (e.g., d21) of the electrical signal based on the electrical signal, and can determine that the first switch needs to be used to provide an inter-device interconnection channel for the first computing device on the first first device and the first computing device on the second first device. It can also send the determined identifier to the first switch.

[0160] The first switch, based on the identifiers of the transmitting and receiving ends of the electrical signals, can determine the pairing of the first third port (corresponding to d11) and the second third port (corresponding to d21), and then determine whether the first and second third ports are occupied. If the first third port is already connected to another third port, it is occupied. Similarly, if the second third port is already connected to another third port, it is occupied.

[0161] When the first and second third ports are not occupied, the preset conditions are met, the first switch can connect to the first and second third ports, and output the port connection information to the first conversion device.

[0162] After receiving the information that the port is connected, the first conversion device can convert the electrical signal into an optical signal and output it to the first switch.

[0163] If at least one of the first third port and the second third port is occupied, the electrical signal may be temporarily stored at the first first conversion device until the first first conversion device receives information that the port is connected.

[0164] The first switch receives optical signals through the first third port and outputs the optical signals to the second first conversion device through the second third port. The second first conversion device converts the optical signals into electrical signals and outputs them to the first computing device on the second first device.

[0165] Similarly, if the i-th computing device on the y-th first device is the receiver of the electrical signal, then after receiving the electrical signal, it can store the electrical signal and start executing the task when the task execution conditions are met.

[0166] If other computing devices on the y-th first device act as receivers of electrical signals, then after receiving the electrical signal, the i-th computing device can transmit the electrical signal to that computing device via a cable.

[0167] In this case, the computing system can enable cross-device communication between any two computing devices on any two first devices.

[0168] Those skilled in the art will understand that when communication between the i-th computing devices on multiple first devices shares optical fiber resources, the methods for achieving inter-device communication are not limited to the examples described above. For instance, if preset conditions are not met, electrical signals can also be stored by a switch. This disclosure does not limit the specific methods by which the computing system achieves inter-device communication in this scenario.

[0169] Those skilled in the art will understand that when communication between the i-th computing devices on multiple first devices shares optical fiber resources, the computing system may also include fault-tolerant design, such as setting up a backup second device to replace the first device, or setting up a backup switch to replace the existing switch. This disclosure does not limit the specific implementation of the fault-tolerant design of the computing system in this scenario.

[0170] This disclosure also proposes an interconnection method. Figure 9 A schematic diagram illustrating the flow of an interconnection method according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0171] like Figure 9As shown, in a possible implementation, the method is applied to a computing system, which includes M first devices, M first conversion devices, and an optical switching device. Each first device includes N computing devices that are fully interconnected. The optical switching device includes N switches. M is an integer greater than 1, and N is a positive integer;

[0172] The method includes:

[0173] Step S91: Connect the j-th first conversion device to the j-th first device, where 0 < j ≤ M and j is an integer;

[0174] Step S92: Connect each switch to the M first conversion devices, and use the i-th switch to provide an inter-device connection channel for the i-th computing device on each first device, where 0 < i ≤ N and i is an integer;

[0175] Among them, electrical signals are transmitted between any two computing devices on each first device, electrical signals are transmitted between each first conversion device and the connected first device, and optical signals are transmitted between each first conversion device and the connected switch.

[0176] In a possible implementation, the i-th switch includes M - 1 first switching units. Each first switching unit includes M first ports. Each computing device includes M - 1 second ports; on the j-th first device, the M - 1 second ports of the i-th computing device are respectively connected to the j-th first ports of the M - 1 first switching units of the i-th switch through the first conversion device; the use of the i-th switch to provide an inter-device connection channel for the i-th computing device on each first device includes: using each first switching unit to connect the paired first ports according to the preset port pairing information to provide an inter-device connection channel for at least one pair of computing devices belonging to different first devices.

[0177] In a possible implementation, when the $i$-th computing device on the $x$-th first device serves as the transmitting end of the electrical signal and the computing device on the $y$-th first device serves as the receiving end of the electrical signal, the method further includes: the $x$-th first device determines, according to the port pairing information, a first switching unit that provides an inter-device connection channel for the $i$-th computing device on the $x$-th first device and the $i$-th computing device on the $y$-th first device; outputs the electrical signal and the identifier of the determined first switching unit to the $x$-th first conversion device, where $0 \lt x \leq M$, $0 \lt y \leq M$, and $x$ and $y$ are integers; the $x$-th first conversion device converts the electrical signal into an optical signal and outputs it to the determined first switching unit; the determined first switching unit receives the optical signal through the $x$-th first port and outputs the optical signal to the $y$-th first conversion device through the $y$-th first port; the $y$-th first conversion device converts the optical signal into an electrical signal and outputs it to the $i$-th computing device on the $y$-th first device.

[0178] In a possible implementation, the system further includes: $K$ second devices and $K$ second conversion devices, each second device includes $N$ fully interconnected computing devices, and $K$ is a positive integer; the method further includes: connecting the $f$-th second conversion device to the $f$-th second device, where $0 \lt f \leq K$ and $f$ is an integer; connecting each switch to the $K$ second conversion devices, and using the second device to replace the first device as the new first device; wherein, an electrical signal is transmitted between any two computing devices on each second device, an electrical signal is transmitted between each second conversion device and the connected second device, and an optical signal is transmitted between each second conversion device and the connected switch.

[0179] In a possible implementation, each first switching unit further includes $K$ first ports. On the $f$-th second device, $M - 1$ second ports of the $i$-th computing device are respectively connected to the $(M + f)$-th first ports of $M - 1$ first switching units of the $i$-th switch through the second conversion device; when the second device replaces the first device, the port pairing information is updated, and the method further includes: using the first switching unit to update the connection relationship between the first ports according to the updated port pairing information.

[0180] In a possible implementation, the $i$-th switch further includes $W$ second switching units, $W$ is a positive integer, and each second switching unit includes $M$ first ports; on the $j$-th first device, $M - 1$ second ports of the $i$-th computing device are respectively connected to the $j$-th first ports of the $W$ second switching units of the $i$-th switch through the first conversion device; the method further includes: using the second switching unit to replace the first switching unit as the new first switching unit.

[0181] In a possible implementation, when the second switching unit replaces the first switching unit, the port pairing information is updated, and the method further includes: the second switching unit updates the connection relationship between the first ports according to the updated port pairing information; wherein, the connection mode of the first ports on the second switching unit is the same as that of the first ports on the replaced first switching unit.

[0182] In a possible implementation, the i-th switch includes M third ports, each computing device includes M - 1 fourth ports, and on the j-th first device, the M - 1 fourth ports of the i-th computing device are respectively connected to the j-th third port of each switch through the first conversion device. Using the i-th switch to provide an inter-device interconnection channel for the i-th computing device on each first device includes: when the i-th switch meets a preset condition, it connects the paired third ports to provide an inter-device interconnection channel for at least one pair of computing devices belonging to different first devices.

[0183] In a possible implementation, when the i-th computing device on the x-th first device is the sending end of an electrical signal and the computing device on the y-th first device is the receiving end of the electrical signal, the method further includes: the x-th first device outputs the electrical signal to the x-th first conversion device, where 0 < x ≤ M, 0 < y ≤ M, and x and y are integers; the x-th first conversion device sends the identifiers of the sending end and the receiving end of the electrical signal to the i-th switch; when the i-th switch meets a preset condition and connects the paired third ports, it includes: the i-th switch determines that the x-th third port and the y-th third port are paired according to the identifiers of the sending end and the receiving end of the electrical signal, and judges whether the x-th third port and the y-th third port are occupied; when the x-th third port and the y-th third port are not occupied, the preset condition is met, and the x-th third port and the y-th third port are connected; the method further includes: outputting the information that the ports are connected to the x-th first conversion device; after receiving the information that the ports are connected, the x-th first conversion device converts the electrical signal into an optical signal and outputs it to the i-th switch; the i-th switch receives the optical signal through the x-th third port and outputs the optical signal to the y-th first conversion device through the y-th third port; the y-th first conversion device converts the optical signal into an electrical signal and then outputs it to the i-th computing device on the y-th first device.

[0184] In one possible implementation, the method further includes: on any first device, when the i-th computing device receives an electrical signal and acts as the receiver of the electrical signal, storing the electrical signal; and when it receives the electrical signal and another computing device on the first device acts as the receiver of the electrical signal, outputting the electrical signal to the other computing device.

[0185] The flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. In this regard, each block in a flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, segment, or portion of an instruction containing one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function. In some alternative implementations, the functions marked in the blocks may occur in a different order than those shown in the drawings. For example, two consecutive blocks may actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they may sometimes be executed in reverse order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each block in the block diagrams and / or flowcharts, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and / or flowcharts, may be implemented using a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified function or action, or using a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0186] The various embodiments of this disclosure have been described above. These descriptions are exemplary and not exhaustive, nor are they limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen to best explain the principles, practical application, or technical improvements to the embodiments in the market, or to enable others skilled in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A computing system, comprising: The system comprises: M first devices, each first device comprising N computing devices connected in full interconnection, M being an integer greater than 1, N being a positive integer; M first conversion devices, the jth first conversion device being connected to the jth first device, 0 < j ≤ M, j being an integer; optical switching devices comprising N switches, each switch being connected to the M first conversion devices, the ith switch being configured to provide an inter-device interconnection channel for the ith computing device on each first device, 0 < i ≤ N, i being an integer; wherein electrical signals are transmitted between any two computing devices on each first device, between each first conversion device and the first device connected thereto, and between each first conversion device and the switch connected thereto; the ith switch comprising M-1 first switching units, each first switching unit comprising M first ports, each computing device comprising M-1 second ports, the M-1 second ports of the ith computing device on the jth first device being connected to the jth first port of the M-1 first switching units of the ith switch via the first conversion device, each first switching unit being configured to connect the paired first ports according to preset port pairing information and provide an inter-device interconnection channel for at least one pair of computing devices belonging to different first devices; or; the ith switch comprising M third ports, each computing device comprising M-1 fourth ports, the M-1 fourth ports of the ith computing device on the jth first device being connected to the jth third port of each switch via the first conversion device, the ith switch being configured to connect the paired third ports when a preset condition is met and provide an inter-device interconnection channel for at least one pair of computing devices belonging to different first devices.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein when the ith computing device on the xth first device is the transmitting end of the electrical signal and the computing device on the yth first device is the receiving end of the electrical signal, the xth first device is configured to determine, according to the port pairing information, the first switching unit that provides an inter-device interconnection channel for the ith computing device on the xth first device and the ith computing device on the yth first device, and output the electrical signal and the identifier of the determined first switching unit to the xth first conversion device, 0 < x ≤ M, 0 < y ≤ M, x and y being integers; the xth first conversion device is configured to output the electrical signal to the determined first switching unit after converting the electrical signal into an optical signal; the determined first switching unit is configured to receive the optical signal through the xth first port and output the optical signal to the yth first conversion device through the yth first port; the yth first conversion device is configured to output the optical signal to the ith computing device on the yth first device after converting the optical signal into an electrical signal.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein, The system further comprises: K second devices, each second device comprising N computing devices connected in full interconnection, K being a positive integer; K second conversion devices, the fth second conversion device being connected to the fth second device, 0 < f ≤ K, f being an integer; Each switch is also connected to the K second conversion devices, and the second devices are used to replace the first devices as new first devices; Wherein, any two computing devices on each second device transmit electrical signals, each second conversion device transmits electrical signals with the connected second device, and each second conversion device transmits optical signals with the connected switch.

4. The system of claim 3, wherein, Each first switching unit further comprises K first ports, and M-1 second ports of the i-th computing device on the f-th second device are connected to M-1 first ports of the M+f-th first switching unit of the i-th switch through the second conversion devices respectively; The second devices update the port pairing information when replacing the first devices, and the first switching units are further configured to update the connection relationship between the first ports according to the updated port pairing information.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein, The i-th switch further comprises W second switching units, and W is a positive integer, and each second switching unit comprises M first ports; M-1 second ports of the i-th computing device on the j-th first device are connected to j-th first ports of the W second switching units of the i-th switch through the first conversion devices respectively; The second switching units are used to replace the first switching units as new first switching units.

6. The system of claim 5, wherein, The second switching units update the port pairing information when replacing the first switching units, The second switching units are further configured to update the connection relationship between the first ports according to the updated port pairing information; Wherein, the connection mode of the first ports on the second switching units is the same as that of the first ports on the replaced first switching units.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein, When the i-th computing device on the x-th first device is used as a sending end of an electrical signal and a computing device on the y-th first device is used as a receiving end of the electrical signal, The x-th first device is configured to output the electrical signal to an x-th first conversion device, 0 The x-th first conversion device is configured to send the identities of the sending end and the receiving end of the electrical signal to the i-th switch; The i-th switch is configured to determine an x-th third port and a y-th third port to be paired according to the identities of the sending end and the receiving end of the electrical signal, judge whether the x-th third port and the y-th third port are occupied, connect the x-th third port and the y-th third port when the x-th third port and the y-th third port are not occupied, and output information that the ports are connected to the x-th first conversion device; The x-th first conversion device is further configured to output the electrical signal to the i-th switch as an optical signal after receiving the information that the ports are connected; The i-th switch is further configured to receive the optical signal through the x-th third port and output the optical signal to a y-th first conversion device through the y-th third port. The yth first conversion device is configured to output the optical signal converted into the electrical signal to the ith computing device on the yth first device.

8. The system of claim 2 or 7, wherein, The ith computing device on any one of the first devices is configured to, store the electrical signal when the electrical signal is received and the ith computing device is the receiving end of the electrical signal; output the electrical signal to another computing device on the first device when the electrical signal is received and the another computing device is the receiving end of the electrical signal.

9. An interconnection method characterized by, The method is applied to a computing system, the system comprising M first devices, M first conversion devices and an optical switching device, each of the first devices comprising N computing devices interconnected, the optical switching device comprising N switches, M being an integer greater than 1 and N being a positive integer; The method comprises: connecting the jth first conversion device to the jth first device, 0 < j ≤ M, j being an integer; connecting each of the switches to the M first conversion devices, using the ith switch to provide an inter-device interconnection channel for the ith computing device on each of the first devices, 0 < i ≤ N, i being an integer; wherein electrical signals are transmitted between any two of the computing devices on each of the first devices, between each of the first conversion devices and the first device connected thereto, and between each of the first conversion devices and the switch connected thereto; The ith switch comprises M-1 first switching units, each of the first switching units comprising M first ports, each of the computing devices comprising M-1 second ports; on the jth first device, the M-1 second ports of the ith computing device are connected to the jth first port of the M-1 first switching units of the ith switch via the first conversion device; the using of the ith switch to provide an inter-device interconnection channel for the ith computing device on each of the first devices and the ith computing device on another first device comprises: using each of the first switching units to connect the paired first ports according to preset port pairing information, and providing an inter-device interconnection channel for at least one pair of computing devices belonging to different first devices; or; The ith switch comprises M third ports, each of the computing devices comprising M-1 fourth ports, on the jth first device, the M-1 fourth ports of the ith computing device are connected to the jth third port of each of the switches via the first conversion device, and the using of the ith switch to provide an inter-device interconnection channel for the ith computing device on each of the first devices and the ith computing device on another first device comprises: the ith switch connecting the paired third ports when a preset condition is met, and providing an inter-device interconnection channel for at least one pair of computing devices belonging to different first devices.

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