Device for metered conveying of bulk material

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for metering and conveying bulk material which is difficult to separate, highly staggered and / or non-uniform. This also comprises in particular bulk material comprising at least some straw or long-fiber material. The invention therefore addresses the problem of providing a device for metered conveying of bulk material, which device allows an improved material flow and at the same time can be operated in a more energy-efficient manner. The invention relates to a device for crushing bulk material, comprising a feeder unit, which moves a substantially intact bulk material stack substantially horizontally, and a crushing unit, which is arranged in the direction of movement of the feeder unit and is equipped with a tool, the crushing unit being arranged such that the direction of movement thereof is at an angle to the feeder unit, the invention relates to a device for crushing bulk material from a stack of bulk material, which device comprises a crushing unit and is adapted to remove and discharge bulk material from the stack of bulk material by means of a tool arranged on the crushing unit, characterized in that the crushing unit is mounted in an elastic support device, in which the elastic support device is configured such that it allows linear and rotational vibrations.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an apparatus for metering and conveying bulk materials that are difficult to separate, highly intertwined, and / or non-uniform. This particularly includes bulk materials containing at least some straw or long-fiber material. Summary of the Invention

[0002] Solid metering devices, receiving metering devices, or decomposers are used in biogas plants, waste treatment plants, and many other industrial applications. Their purpose is to generate a material stream that will be continuously or discontinuously fed to other plant components. However, the material is often non-uniform and mixed with partially insoluble or interlocked components. Therefore, it is usually necessary to mechanically break up the compact mixture and transform it into a homogeneous material stream.

[0003] Such equipment is disclosed in document DE 10 2011 108 208 A1, which describes a method for receiving and metering bulk materials. The bulk material is transported on a conveyor and pressed against a crushing unit that rotates around a point and repeatedly impacts the pile. Tools attached to the crushing unit along the conveyor belt tear pieces of bulk material from the pile and convey them. Because it is fixed at a single point (the pivot point of the crushing unit), the pile is regularly removed or crushed only when the crushing unit impacts the pile in an unbalanced manner. Consistently good material conveying can only be achieved when the bulk material is in optimal condition. Unfortunately, this is not always the case.

[0004] Accordingly, DE 19 52 590 A discloses an apparatus by which hay or similar products are output in a uniform flow from a container (e.g., a loading box of a vehicle), wherein the bottom of the container is designed as a conveyor pointing towards the conveying end of the container.

[0005] DE 28 48 836 A1 discloses a bridge-type dumping device (especially a bridge-type scraper) for clearing a stockpile of bulk materials, wherein a bridge is arranged in front of the end face of the stockpile, the bridge is movable in the direction of the stockpile axis, and a bridge-type conveyor is arranged on the bridge for removing the bulk materials.

[0006] DE 23 48 598 A1 discloses a gantry loader for removing bulk material piles, having a main loader pivotally mounted on a gantry and an auxiliary loader for feeding material to the main loader, one end of the auxiliary loader being hinged to the main loader and the other end of the auxiliary loader being guided by a guide rail arranged on the gantry.

[0007] DE 100 08 346A1 discloses a cassette feeder for feeding and / or storing various types of bulk materials (especially ceramic bulk materials, such as clay), wherein at least two conveying openings of the feeder are arranged adjacent to each other, opposite to each other, or surrounding each other, wherein their bulk material ramps face each other.

[0008] Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for metering and conveying bulk materials, which enables improved material flow and can operate with higher energy efficiency.

[0009] This task is accomplished by the features of claim 1 and the dependent claims describing further embodiments.

[0010] State-of-the-art equipment for metering and conveying bulk materials includes a feeding unit and a crushing unit arranged in the direction of travel of the feeding unit. The feeding unit moves a substantially undispersed stockpile of bulk material substantially horizontally toward the crushing unit. Tools are arranged on this unit. By positioning the crushing unit toward the feeding unit at an angle approximately corresponding to the angle of inclination of the stockpile of bulk material, when the stockpile of bulk material impacts the crushing unit, bulk material particles are removed from the stockpile and output as bulk material from the equipment for further processing. According to the invention, the equipment is characterized in that the crushing unit is mounted in a resilient support, which is configured to allow both linear and rotational vibrations. The resilient mounting of the crushing unit ensures that the crushing unit is always optimally positioned against the supplied stockpile of bulk material and can continuously produce a consistent and good material flow. Rotational vibration allows for better adaptation to the angle of inclination of the stockpile of bulk material, while linear vibration results in the optimal removal of material with varying degrees of interlocking. The resilient mounting eliminates the need to move the bulk material in an unbalanced manner, as the movement of the stockpile of bulk material is regulated by the equipment itself through the resilient mounting. This saves energy.

[0011] According to a particular embodiment of the device for metering and conveying bulk materials according to the invention, the crushing unit is arranged such that its angle with the feeding unit (3) can be varied. This allows for better adaptation to the tilt angle of the bulk material pile if the substances contained in the bulk material indicate that the tilt angle will not undergo any significant change during the loosening process. This improvement is intended to increase the efficiency of the device.

[0012] According to a specific embodiment of the device for metering and conveying bulk materials according to the invention, the crushing unit is elastically mounted in at least two supports. This ensures that forces acting on the supports can be absorbed in a more controlled manner, and that stress on the device does not lead to damage. Furthermore, this improves the material flow from the device.

[0013] According to another embodiment of the device for metering and conveying bulk materials according to the invention, the resilient support is designed such that, during operation of the device, the pressure of the bulk material pile pointing towards the resilient support of the crushing unit is directed towards the bulk material pile as a restoring force of the support. For example, the restoring force is generated by a resilient energy storage element (such as a spring). This support configuration not only further minimizes energy requirements but also significantly improves the quality of bulk material removal from the bulk material pile.

[0014] In another embodiment of the device for metering and conveying bulk materials according to the invention, the crushing unit is arranged such that during operation of the device, the pressure of the bulk material directed at the crushing unit is offset by the weight of the crushing unit itself. By using the weight of the crushing unit, which rests partially against the bulk material pile during operation of the device, energy is saved that would otherwise be required to exert pressure on the bulk material pile. This results in further savings in operating costs.

[0015] In another embodiment of the device for metering and conveying bulk materials according to the invention, the crushing unit is a belt conveyor, a grinding drum, or a dispersing screw. While belt conveyors are already the preferred choice for crushing units in the prior art, other forms of crushing units have their own advantages. For example, grinding drums or dispersing screws can increase their own weight, which has a positive impact on the dispersing process.

[0016] According to a specific embodiment of the device for metering and conveying bulk materials according to the present invention, the device is transportable. This design facilitates use in various locations. It is not always necessary to crush bulk materials with varying heights before use. Sometimes, such equipment sits idle next to biogas plants or waste treatment plants. When used in different locations within a reasonable geographical area, the uptime of this equipment can be significantly increased. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The present invention will be explained using exemplary embodiments. Figure 1 A schematic cross-sectional view of the device according to the invention is shown.

[0018] In this case, the device according to the invention comprises a bulk material container 9 and a housing 8 disposed thereon. A feeding unit 3 is disposed inside the bulk material container 9, and a bulk material pile 6 is located on the bulk material container 9. The bulk material pile 6 is to be processed for further use, such as in a biogas plant. A crushing unit 4 is disposed in the housing 8 of the device 1 and mounted in a support 7. The support 7 is designed to allow both linear and rotational vibrations. A tool 5 is disposed on the crushing unit 4, and the tool 5 is adapted to crush bulk material particles from the bulk material pile 6. During the processing of the bulk material pile 6, the bulk material pile 6 moves in the direction of the crushing unit 4 via the feeding unit 3. When the bulk material pile 6 impacts the crushing unit 4, the crushing unit 4 optimally adjusts its position to the bulk material pile 6 by rotational vibration, even as its appearance repeatedly changes as the tool 5 releases the bulk material particles. Linear vibration is also adapted to the more or less highly staggered bulk material particles in the bulk material pile 6. This creates a bulk material flow that can be transported as bulk material 2 via bulk material conveyor 11 for further use.

[0019] List of reference numerals

[0020] 1 device

[0021] 2 Bulk materials

[0022] 3 feeding units

[0023] 4 crushing units

[0024] 5 tools

[0025] 6 Bulk Material Stacks

[0026] 7 supports

[0027] 8 shells

[0028] 9 Bulk Material Containers

[0029] 10 box bridges

[0030] 11 Bulk Material Conveying Claims (as amended under Article 19 of the Treaty) 1. An apparatus (1) for metering and conveying bulk materials (2) that are difficult to separate, highly interleaved, and / or non-uniform, comprising a feeding unit (3) wherein the feeding unit (3) moves a substantially intact stockpile of bulk materials (6) substantially horizontally, and a crushing unit (4) arranged in the direction of travel of the feeding unit (3), the crushing unit (4) being equipped with a tool (5), wherein the crushing unit (4) is arranged such that its working direction is at an angle to the feeding unit (3), and is adapted to remove and discharge the bulk materials (2) from the stockpile of bulk materials (6) that are difficult to separate, highly interleaved, and / or non-uniform by means of the tool (5) arranged on the crushing unit (4), characterized in that the crushing unit (4) is mounted in an elastic support (7) designed to allow for linear and rotational vibrations. 2. The device (1) for metering and conveying bulk materials (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that the crushing unit (4) is arranged such that its angle with the feeding unit (3) can be varied. 3. The device (1) for metering and conveying bulk materials (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the crushing unit (4) is elastically mounted in at least two supports (7). 4. The device (1) for metering and conveying bulk materials (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one elastic support (7) is designed such that during operation of the device (1), the pressure of the bulk material pile (6) pointing toward the at least one elastic support (7) of the crushing unit (4) is directed toward the bulk material pile (6) as the restoring force of the support (7). 5. The device (1) for metering and conveying bulk material (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the crushing unit (4) is arranged such that during operation of the device (1), the pressure exerted on the crushing unit (4) by the bulk material pile (6) is offset by the weight of the crushing unit (4). 6. The device (1) for metering and conveying bulk materials (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the crushing unit (4) is a belt conveyor, a grinding drum, or a dispersing screw. 7. The device (1) for metering and conveying bulk materials (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device (1) is transportable.

Claims

1. A device (1) for metering and conveying bulk materials (2), comprising a feeding unit (3), wherein, The feeding unit (3) moves a substantially intact bulk material pile (6) substantially horizontally, and a crushing unit (4) is arranged in the direction of travel of the feeding unit (3), the crushing unit (4) being equipped with a tool (5), wherein the crushing unit (4) is arranged such that its working direction is at an angle to the feeding unit (3), and is adapted to remove and discharge bulk material (2) from the bulk material pile (6) by means of the tool (5) arranged on the crushing unit (4), characterized in that the crushing unit (4) is mounted in an elastic support (7) designed to allow linear and rotational vibrations.

2. The device (1) for metering and conveying bulk materials (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The crushing unit (4) is arranged such that its angle with the feeding unit (3) can vary.

3. The device (1) for metering and conveying bulk materials (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The crushing unit (4) is elastically mounted in at least two supports (7).

4. The device (1) for metering and conveying bulk materials (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The at least one elastic support (7) is designed such that during operation of the device (1), the pressure of the bulk material pile (6) pointing toward the at least one elastic support (7) of the crushing unit (4) is directed toward the bulk material pile (6) as the restoring force of the support (7).

5. The device (1) for metering and conveying bulk materials (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The crushing unit (4) is arranged such that during operation of the equipment (1), the pressure exerted on the crushing unit (4) by the bulk material pile (6) is offset by the weight of the crushing unit (4).

6. The device (1) for metering and conveying bulk materials (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The crushing unit (4) is a belt conveyor, a grinding drum, or a dispersing screw.

7. The device (1) for metering and conveying bulk materials (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The device (1) is transportable.

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