Method for cultivating and planting ecological vegetation in arid region

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of vegetation cultivation, in particular to an arid region ecological vegetation cultivation and planting method which comprises the following steps: (1) leveling a soil foundation, and digging a plurality of rows of planting pits in the soil foundation; (2) constructing an impermeable layer on the side wall of the planting pit; (3) sequentially laying an artificial matrix, a nutrient fertilizer and original soil in the planting pit from bottom to top; (4) vegetation is planted in each planting pit in a shrub-herbaceous plant-arbor-herbaceous plant-shrub transverse alternating mode, and an included angle of 60-90 degrees is formed between the extension direction of the same vegetation and the water and soil loss direction or the slope inclination direction of the planting pit; the metabolism process of vegetation can be promoted, and the drought resistance of the vegetation is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of vegetation cultivation technology, and more specifically, to a method for cultivating and planting ecological vegetation in arid regions. Background Technology

[0002] In arid regions, due to water scarcity and poor soil, vegetation survival rates are low and vegetation restoration is extremely difficult. Currently, biological methods are the main approach to combating desertification and soil erosion. However, these regions typically suffer from severe desertification, poor water retention, and are arid or semi-arid areas, requiring large water consumption while still experiencing low plant survival rates and significant challenges in vegetation restoration. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a vegetation planting method for arid regions.

[0003] To effectively improve the ecological environment and increase vegetation coverage in these areas, researchers and practitioners have explored various vegetation cultivation methods that not only focus on plant survival rates but also emphasize the overall restoration and stability of the ecosystem. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for cultivating and planting ecological vegetation in arid regions, which can promote the metabolic process of vegetation and improve its drought resistance.

[0005] The embodiments of the present invention are achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for cultivating and planting ecological vegetation in arid regions includes the following steps:

[0007] (1) Level the soil foundation and dig several rows of planting pits on the soil foundation;

[0008] (2) Construct an impermeable layer on the sidewall of the planting pit;

[0009] (3) In the planting pit, artificial substrate, nutrient fertilizer and original soil are laid in sequence from bottom to top;

[0010] (4) In each planting pit, vegetation is planted in a horizontal alternation pattern of shrub-herbaceous plant-tree-herbaceous plant-shrub, and the extension direction of the same vegetation forms an angle of 60-90 degrees with the direction of soil erosion or the slope of the planting pit.

[0011] Furthermore, the nutrient fertilizer, by weight, comprises: 10-80 parts potassium nitrate, 5-25 parts ammonium nitrate, 10-80 parts calcium chloride, 10-80 parts magnesium chloride, 5-10 parts sodium silicate, and 5-15 parts amino oligosaccharide.

[0012] Furthermore, the nutrient fertilizer, by weight, comprises: 20-60 parts potassium nitrate, 10-20 parts ammonium nitrate, 20-60 parts calcium chloride, 20-50 parts magnesium chloride, 5-10 parts sodium silicate, and 5-10 parts amino oligosaccharide.

[0013] Furthermore, the nutrient fertilizer, by weight, comprises: 40 parts potassium nitrate, 15 parts ammonium nitrate, 40 parts calcium chloride, 30 parts magnesium chloride, 8 parts sodium silicate, and 10 parts amino oligosaccharide.

[0014] The root system of plants can penetrate deep into the soil, loosen the topsoil, and increase its porosity, which is crucial for enhancing the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity. Furthermore, the organic matter and root exudates released by plants during their growth can improve the soil's chemical properties, increase its organic matter content, and thus enhance soil fertility. This process also plays a positive role in restoring soil biological activity and increasing the diversity and quantity of microorganisms, which play a key role in soil nutrient cycling.

[0015] Based on this, the present invention further combines the above-mentioned nutrient fertilizer with the natural function of plant roots, which not only improves soil structure and fertility, but also replenishes the nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, sodium and other nutrients lacking in the soil of arid and semi-arid regions. It also enables plants in arid regions to obtain sufficient potassium ions from the soil, which not only meets their growth needs, but also reduces the osmotic potential of plants and increases the drought resistance of xerophytic plants in arid regions. More importantly, this invention combines amino oligosaccharides with nutrients such as nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, and sodium, and coordinates the interaction between plant roots and arid soil to promote the accumulation of soluble sugars and proline in planted vegetation. This promotes the vegetation's metabolic processes, enhances its drought resistance, reduces the production of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide through cell membrane peroxidation, weakens cell membrane damage, and slows down cell aging. As a result, the temperature of plant leaves increases after spraying amino oligosaccharides under drought conditions. This is mainly because when plants are subjected to drought, transpiration increases, water loss is rapid, and temperature decreases. Plants alleviate the stress of drought by adjusting stomatal conductance and transpiration rate, thereby improving the vegetation's drought resistance.

[0016] Furthermore, the application rate of the nutrient fertilizer is 10g / L to 25g / L.

[0017] Furthermore, the nutrient fertilizer is applied directly to the soil or diluted with water and then applied to the soil or sprayed onto the surface of plant leaves. The mass ratio of the nutrient fertilizer to the soil is (0.5g~1.25g):1kg; when diluted with water, the ratio of nutrient fertilizer to water is 1:200-800.

[0018] Furthermore, the artificial substrate comprises pond sludge, sawdust, humus, plant straw, animal bone meal, shell powder, and eggshells in a mass ratio of 20-40:10-20:5-10:10-15:3-7:5-10:1-5.

[0019] Furthermore, the plant straw is one of corn straw, rice straw, or withered grass.

[0020] Furthermore, the tree is black locust, the shrub is sea buckthorn, and the herbaceous plant is one or two of sand fern, sedum, and silver sage.

[0021] Planting sea buckthorn not only increases the richness of nutrients and fungi in the soil, but also improves soil moisture, enhances soil and water conservation, and promotes ecological restoration. These herbaceous plants possess strong adaptive mechanisms, enabling them to survive and reproduce in arid environments. They also exhibit well-developed root systems, unique leaf structures, and highly efficient water use.

[0022] Herbaceous plants, shrubs, and trees improve the surface environment by anchoring the soil through their root systems and regulating the microclimate through transpiration. Furthermore, agricultural practices such as crop rotation and fallowing can further enhance the protection of arid land surfaces, slow down environmental degradation, and are particularly crucial in preventing desertification.

[0023] Furthermore, in the shrub-herbaceous plant-tree-herbaceous plant-shrub planting pattern, the row spacing between shrubs and grasses is 15-20cm, and the row spacing between trees and herbaceous plants is 30-45cm.

[0024] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0025] This invention features a unique cultivation method and a synergistic approach involving alternating planting patterns of vegetation, artificial substrate, nutrient fertilizer, and original soil within planting pits. Utilizing the ability of plant roots to loosen the soil and release organic matter, nutrient fertilizer is applied to the soil, diluted with water, or sprayed onto the plant leaves. This promotes the accumulation of soluble sugars and proline in the planted vegetation, thereby accelerating its metabolism, enhancing its drought resistance, and even increasing leaf temperature under drought conditions after spraying with amino oligosaccharides. Plants alleviate the stress of drought by regulating stomatal conductance and transpiration rate, thus improving the vegetation's drought resistance. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Where specific conditions are not specified in the embodiments, conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer shall apply. Reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0027] The following is a detailed description of a method for cultivating and planting ecological vegetation in arid regions, provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] A method for cultivating and planting ecological vegetation in arid regions includes the following steps:

[0030] (1) Select a flat soil foundation in Muchengshan Village, Luhe Town, Huidong County, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture as the test site, and dig four rows of planting pits on the soil foundation. The planting pits are 100cm*100cm*60cm in size.

[0031] (2) Spray EVA emulsion with a solid content of 10% around the planting pit. The EVA emulsion will naturally penetrate into the pit wall to form an impermeable layer.

[0032] (3) In the planting pit, artificial substrate, nutrient fertilizer and original soil are laid in sequence from bottom to top; among them, artificial substrate includes pond sludge, sawdust, humus, corn stalks, animal bone meal, shell powder and eggshells in a mass ratio of 30:15:8:12:5:8:2; nutrient fertilizer includes, by weight, 40 parts potassium nitrate, 15 parts ammonium nitrate, 40 parts calcium chloride, 30 parts magnesium chloride, 8 parts sodium silicate and 10 parts amino oligosaccharide; in addition, the amount of nutrient fertilizer applied is 20g / L, and the nutrient fertilizer is diluted with water at a ratio of 1:500 and sprayed on the surface of the plant leaves;

[0033] (4) In each planting pit, vegetation is planted in a horizontal alternation pattern of shrub-herbaceous plant-tree-herbaceous plant-shrub, with the extension direction of the same vegetation at a 70-degree angle to the direction of soil erosion or the slope of the planting pit; among them, the shrub is sea buckthorn, the herb is sedum, and the tree is black locust. In the horizontal alternation planting pattern of shrub-herbaceous plant-tree-herbaceous plant-shrub, the row spacing between shrubs and herbaceous plants is 20cm, and the row spacing between trees and herbaceous plants is 30cm. The plant spacing of shrubs, herbaceous plants and trees is according to the existing conventional planting method.

[0034] Example 2

[0035] A method for cultivating and planting ecological vegetation in arid regions includes the following steps:

[0036] (1) Select a flat soil foundation in Muchengshan Village, Luhe Town, Huidong County, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture as the test site, and dig four rows of planting pits on the soil foundation. The planting pits are 100cm*100cm*60cm in size.

[0037] (2) Spray EVA emulsion with a solid content of 10% around the planting pit. The EVA emulsion will naturally penetrate into the pit wall to form an impermeable layer.

[0038] (3) In the planting pit, artificial substrate, nutrient fertilizer and original soil are laid in sequence from bottom to top; among them, artificial substrate includes pond sludge, sawdust, humus, corn stalks, animal bone meal, shell powder and eggshells in a mass ratio of 22:18:6:14:3:6:4; nutrient fertilizer includes, by weight, 50 parts potassium nitrate, 20 parts ammonium nitrate, 50 parts calcium chloride, 40 parts magnesium chloride, 9 parts sodium silicate and 10 parts amino oligosaccharide; in addition, the amount of nutrient fertilizer applied is 15g / L, and the nutrient fertilizer is diluted with water at a ratio of 1:400 and sprayed on the surface of the plant leaves;

[0039] (4) In each planting pit, vegetation is planted in a horizontal alternation pattern of shrub-herbaceous plant-tree-herbaceous plant-shrub, with the extension direction of the same vegetation at a 65-degree angle to the direction of soil erosion or the slope of the planting pit; among them, the shrub is sea buckthorn, the herb is sedum, and the tree is black locust. In the horizontal alternation planting pattern of shrub-herbaceous plant-tree-herbaceous plant-shrub, the row spacing between shrubs and herbaceous plants is 20cm, and the row spacing between trees and herbaceous plants is 30cm. The plant spacing of shrubs, herbaceous plants and trees is according to the existing conventional planting method.

[0040] Example 3

[0041] A method for cultivating and planting ecological vegetation in arid regions includes the following steps:

[0042] (1) Select a flat soil foundation in Muchengshan Village, Luhe Town, Huidong County, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture as the test site, and dig four rows of planting pits on the soil foundation. The planting pits are 100cm*100cm*60cm in size.

[0043] (2) Spray EVA emulsion with a solid content of 10% around the planting pit. The EVA emulsion will naturally penetrate into the pit wall to form an impermeable layer.

[0044] (3) In the planting pit, artificial substrate, nutrient fertilizer and original soil are laid in sequence from bottom to top; among them, artificial substrate includes pond sludge, sawdust, humus, corn stalks, animal bone meal, shell powder and eggshells in a mass ratio of 38:11:6:14:6:6:4; nutrient fertilizer by weight includes: 55 parts potassium nitrate, 10 parts ammonium nitrate, 50 parts calcium chloride, 45 parts magnesium chloride, 6 parts sodium silicate and 10 parts amino oligosaccharide; in addition, the amount of nutrient fertilizer applied is 10g / L, and the nutrient fertilizer is diluted with water at a ratio of 1:450 and sprayed on the surface of the plant leaves;

[0045] (4) In each planting pit, vegetation is planted in a horizontal alternation pattern of shrub-herbaceous plant-tree-herbaceous plant-shrub, with the extension direction of the same vegetation at an 80-degree angle to the direction of soil erosion or the slope of the planting pit; among them, the shrub is sea buckthorn, the herb is sedum, and the tree is black locust. In the horizontal alternation planting pattern of shrub-herbaceous plant-tree-herbaceous plant-shrub, the row spacing between shrubs and herbaceous plants is 20cm, and the row spacing between trees and herbaceous plants is 40cm. The plant spacing of shrubs, herbaceous plants and trees is according to the existing conventional planting method.

[0046] Comparative Example 1

[0047] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the nutrient fertilizer is potassium nitrate.

[0048] Experimental Example 1

[0049] After 3 months of natural maintenance, the vegetation height growth in each embodiment and comparative example was tested, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0050] Table 1 - Vegetation height growth results for each embodiment and comparative example

[0051] Black locust height growth / cm Sea buckthorn height growth / cm Sedum height growth / cm Example 1 65 39 27 Example 2 66 37 26 Example 3 65 38 26 Comparative Example 1 36 19 15

[0052] As shown in Table 1, the comparative example of this invention, which only applied potassium nitrate as nutrient fertilizer, exhibited poor growth in various shrub-herbaceous-tree vegetation. In contrast, the shrub-herbaceous-tree vegetation in the example exhibited good growth, making it suitable for the cultivation and growth of vegetation in arid regions. This is mainly due to the unique cultivation method of this invention and the synergistic effect of alternating planting patterns of vegetation, artificial substrate, nutrient fertilizer, and original soil in the planting pits. By utilizing the ability of plant roots to loosen the soil and release organic matter, nutrient fertilizer is applied to the soil, diluted with water, or sprayed onto the plant leaves. This promotes the accumulation of more soluble sugars and proline in the planted vegetation, thereby promoting the plant's metabolic process, improving its drought resistance, and increasing the leaf temperature of the vegetation after spraying with amino oligosaccharides under drought conditions. The plants alleviate the pressure of the drought environment by regulating stomatal conductance and transpiration rate, thus enhancing the drought resistance of the vegetation.

[0053] Meanwhile, the growth of each plant in Comparative Example 1 also has certain growth advantages compared to existing technologies. As is known in the art, under traditional conditions, sea buckthorn grows to a height of about 15 cm in 3 months, black locust generally grows to a height of about 30 cm in 3 months, and sedum grows to a height of about 10 cm in 3 months. This is mainly due to the synergistic effect of the cultivation method of the present invention and the alternating planting pattern of vegetation in the planting pit during the cultivation process, which allows the comparative example to maintain a certain growth advantage even without using the nutrient fertilizer of the present invention.

[0054] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating and planting ecological vegetation in arid regions, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Level the soil foundation and dig several rows of planting pits on the soil foundation; (2) Construct an impermeable layer on the sidewall of the planting pit; (3) In the planting pit, artificial substrate, nutrient fertilizer and original soil are laid in sequence from bottom to top; (4) In each planting pit, vegetation is planted in a horizontal alternation pattern of shrub-herbaceous plant-tree-herbaceous plant-shrub, and the extension direction of the same vegetation forms an angle of 60-90 degrees with the direction of soil erosion or the slope of the planting pit.

2. The method for cultivating and planting ecological vegetation in arid regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nutrient fertilizer, by weight, comprises: 10-80 parts potassium nitrate, 5-25 parts ammonium nitrate, 10-80 parts calcium chloride, 10-80 parts magnesium chloride, 5-10 parts sodium silicate, and 5-15 parts amino oligosaccharides.

3. The method for cultivating and planting ecological vegetation in arid regions according to claim 2, characterized in that, The nutrient fertilizer, by weight, comprises: 20-60 parts potassium nitrate, 10-20 parts ammonium nitrate, 20-60 parts calcium chloride, 20-50 parts magnesium chloride, 5-10 parts sodium silicate, and 5-10 parts amino oligosaccharide.

4. The method for cultivating and planting ecological vegetation in arid regions according to claim 3, characterized in that, The nutrient fertilizer, by weight, comprises: 40 parts potassium nitrate, 15 parts ammonium nitrate, 40 parts calcium chloride, 30 parts magnesium chloride, 8 parts sodium silicate, and 10 parts amino oligosaccharide.

5. The method for cultivating and planting ecological vegetation in arid regions according to claim 4, characterized in that, The application rate of the nutrient fertilizer is 10g / L to 25g / L.

6. The method for cultivating and planting ecological vegetation in arid regions according to claim 5, characterized in that, The nutrient fertilizer is applied directly to the soil, or diluted with water and applied to the soil, or diluted with water and sprayed onto the surface of plant leaves. The mass ratio of the nutrient fertilizer to the soil is (0.5g~1.25g):1kg; when diluted with water, the ratio of nutrient fertilizer to water is 1:200-800.

7. The method for cultivating and planting ecological vegetation in arid regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The artificial substrate comprises pond sludge, sawdust, humus, plant straw, animal bone meal, shell powder, and eggshells in a mass ratio of 20-40:10-20:5-10:10-15:3-7:5-10:1-5.

8. The method for cultivating and planting ecological vegetation in arid regions according to claim 7, characterized in that, The plant straw is one of corn straw, rice straw, or withered grass.

9. The method for cultivating and planting ecological vegetation in arid regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tree is black locust; the shrub is sea buckthorn; and the herbaceous plant is one or two of sand fern, sedum, and silver sage.

10. The method for cultivating and planting ecological vegetation in arid regions according to claim 9, characterized in that, In the shrub-herbaceous plant-tree-herbaceous plant-shrub planting pattern, the row spacing between shrubs and grasses is 15-20cm, and the row spacing between trees and herbaceous plants is 30-45cm.