Cultivation method for improving yield and quality of koji-making wheat

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for improving the yield and quality of koji-making wheat. The cultivation method comprises the following steps: sowing the koji-making wheat in sandy loam in a drill sowing manner, performing field management, and harvesting the koji-making wheat after grains of the koji-making wheat are mature; a base fertilizer is applied before drilling, and the base fertilizer comprises a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer according to the mass ratio of (2-2.5): (1-1.5): (2.5-3.5); the field management comprises topdressing and foliar fertilizer spraying in the wheat elongation stage, the topdressing comprises nitrogen fertilizer, and the mass ratio of the topdressing nitrogen fertilizer to the nitrogen fertilizer in the base fertilizer is 7: 3; the foliar fertilizer is sprayed twice at an interval of 7-10 days; harvesting is conducted when the water content of the koji-making wheat grains is smaller than 20%. According to the cultivation method provided by the invention, the effective ear number and grain weight of the koji-making wheat can be synergistically increased; key quality such as hardness, volume weight and protein of koji-making wheat grains can be guaranteed, and high and stable yield is achieved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for improving the yield and quality of wheat for making koji. BACKGROUND

[0002] The core of liquor brewing is koji, which has the functions of saccharification, fermentation and aroma generation, and is the fundamental factor determining the quality of liquor. As the main raw material for making koji, the quality characteristics of wheat directly affect the microbial activity of koji and the flavor and yield of liquor.

[0003] Studies have shown that the quality requirements of wheat for making koji have their particularity: wheat with low hardness is easier to be crushed into an ideal form, which is beneficial to microbial enrichment and fermentation aroma generation; and the protein content needs to be moderate, because it is a key precursor for the generation of flavor substances through Maillard reaction, and a high content will hinder saccharification and fermentation, resulting in incomplete liquor flavor. Therefore, the wheat for making koji needs to have appropriate hardness and protein level.

[0004] The quality traits of wheat grain hardness and protein content are controlled by genetic factors, but are also significantly affected by ecological environment and cultivation measures. However, the current production of wheat for making koji mostly uses traditional wheat planting techniques, which are difficult to optimize the yield and required quality of wheat for making koji at the same time, resulting in unstable grain traits of wheat for making koji, which is not easy to meet the needs of making koji. Therefore, for wheat for making koji, a cultivation method is urgently needed that can precisely regulate the hardness, bulk density and protein content of wheat for making koji, while taking into account the grain yield. SUMMARY

[0005] In order to solve the problem that there is no cultivation method in the prior art that can improve the quality of wheat for making koji to improve the brewing effect, the application provides a cultivation method for improving the yield and quality of wheat for making koji, which specifically comprises the following technical solutions: The application provides a cultivation method for improving the yield and / or quality of wheat for making koji, which comprises the following steps: Sowing the wheat for making koji in the form of strip seeding in sandy loam soil and carrying out field management, and harvesting the wheat for making koji after the grain matures; The strip seeding further comprises applying base fertilizer, and the base fertilizer comprises nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, and the mass ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer is 2-2.5:1-1.5:2.5-3.5; The field management comprises applying topdressing at the jointing stage of wheat and spraying leaf fertilizer twice at the flowering stage of wheat; The topdressing comprises applying nitrogen fertilizer, and the mass ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer for topdressing to the nitrogen fertilizer in the base fertilizer is 7:3; The leaf fertilizer comprises potassium dihydrogen phosphate, humic acid and 14-hydroxy-phytosterol; and the interval between the two times of spraying of the leaf fertilizer is 7-10 days; The harvesting comprises harvesting when the moisture content of the malting wheat kernels is less than 20%.

[0006] Preferably, the malting wheat comprises rich wheat 666.

[0007] Preferably, the row spacing of the strip sowing is 15-25 cm.

[0008] Preferably, the malting wheat seeds comprise coated malting wheat seeds. The coating comprises coating treatment of the malting wheat seeds with insecticides and fungicides. The coating is performed 3-5 days before sowing of the malting wheat seeds.

[0009] Preferably, the application amount of the base fertilizer is 2-2.5 kg of pure nitrogen, 1-1.5 kg of pure phosphorus and 2.5-3.5 kg of pure potassium per 100 kg of the expected yield of kernels per mu.

[0010] Preferably, the expected yield of kernels per mu ranges from 400 to 700 kg.

[0011] Preferably, after sowing the malting wheat, a step of digging planting trenches is further included. The step of digging planting trenches comprises digging a horizontal trench 2-3 m away from the two sections of ridge crosspieces, the horizontal trench spacing is 30-50 m, and the trench depth is 30-40 cm; a vertical trench is dug every 3-4 m, and the trench depth is 20-30 cm.

[0012] Preferably, the field management further comprises the step of preventing and treating diseases and pests.

[0013] Preferably, the amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 150 g per mu; the mass concentration of humic acid is 3%, and the amount is 50 ml per mu; the mass concentration of 14-hydroxy-germitrine lactone is 0.01%, and the amount is 8 ml per mu.

[0014] The application also provides the use of the cultivation method according to any one of the above in improving the yield and / or quality of malting wheat, wherein the quality comprises that the hardness index of the wheat kernels is less than or equal to 50, the kernel bulk density is greater than or equal to 750 g / L, and the kernel protein content is 12.5%-14.5%.

[0015] The application has the following beneficial effects: The application provides a cultivation method for improving the yield and quality of malting wheat. The application adopts three measures of malting wheat special variety screening, nitrogen fertilizer front-moving regulation of protein and hardness, and later leaf fertilizer bulk density stabilization, to ensure that the key quality indicators such as the hardness, bulk density and protein of the malting wheat kernels are stable and meet the standards, and the quality is stably controlled. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The application provides a cultivation method for improving the yield and quality of koji wheat, comprising the following steps. The koji wheat is sown in the form of strip seeding in sandy loam soil, and field management is carried out, and after the koji wheat grains mature, harvesting is carried out; before the strip seeding, base fertilizer is applied, the base fertilizer comprises nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, and the mass ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer is 2-2.5:1-1.5:2.5-3.5; the field management comprises applying topdressing at the jointing stage of the wheat and spraying leaf fertilizer twice at the flowering stage of the wheat; the topdressing comprises applying nitrogen fertilizer, and the mass ratio of the applied nitrogen fertilizer to the nitrogen fertilizer in the base fertilizer is 7:3; the leaf fertilizer comprises potassium dihydrogen phosphate, humic acid and 14-hydroxy-phytosterol; the interval between the two times of spraying the leaf fertilizer is 7-10 days; and the harvesting comprises harvesting when the moisture content of the koji wheat grains is less than 20%.

[0017] As an implementation form, before the koji wheat is sown, the application further comprises the step of selecting seeds. As an implementation form, the standard for the seed selection is to select a koji wheat variety suitable for planting in a local sandy loam soil environment. As an implementation form, the standard for the seed selection comprises a hardness index of less than or equal to 50, a grain bulk density of greater than or equal to 750 g / L and a protein content of 12.5%-14.5%. As an implementation form, the koji wheat in the application comprises Fumi Mai 666. However, it should be noted that even if the quality of the selected koji wheat meets the above requirements, in actual production, due to different cultivation measures, the koji wheat grains are generally difficult to meet the above standard, and compared with the prior art, the cultivation method provided in the application can guarantee stable quality and high yield of the koji wheat.

[0018] As an implementation form, after the seed selection, the application further comprises the step of coating the koji wheat seeds. As an implementation form, the coating is carried out 3-5 days before the sowing. As an implementation form, the step of coating comprises coating the seeds with insecticides and fungicides.

[0019] As an implementation form, before the koji wheat is sown, the application further comprises the step of selecting land. As an implementation form, the standard for the land selection is to select sandy loam land with flat terrain and convenient irrigation and drainage in a lake or river area.

[0020] As an implementation form, after the land selection, before the koji wheat is sown, the application further comprises the step of land preparation. As an implementation form, the land preparation comprises destroying the straw of the previous crop and returning the straw to the field after the previous crop is harvested, and mechanically deep plowing to cover the straw. As an implementation form, the deep plowing is greater than or equal to 25 cm. As an implementation form, after the deep plowing, a rotary cultivator is used to rake and level the land.

[0021] As another implementation, the mass ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer is 2.1:1.3:3. As an implementation, the application amount of the base fertilizer is 2~2.5kg of pure nitrogen, 1~1.5kg of pure phosphorus and 2.5~3.5kg of pure potassium per 100kg of grain yield. The expected yield per mu is 400~600kg. As an implementation, the application amount of the base fertilizer is 2.1kg of pure nitrogen, 1.3kg of pure phosphorus and 3kg of pure potassium per 100kg of grain yield.

[0022] The present application seeds the malting wheat in the form of strip sowing in sandy loam soil. As an implementation, the row spacing of the strip sowing is 15~25cm. As an implementation, the row spacing of the strip sowing can be 15cm, 16cm, 17cm, 18cm, 19cm, 20cm, 21cm, 22cm, 23cm, 24cm or 25cm. As an implementation, the depth of the sowing is 3~5cm. As another implementation, the depth of the sowing can be 3cm, 4cm or 5cm. As an implementation, the sowing can be completed by using a combined sowing machine to sow the coated malting wheat seeds, apply the base fertilizer, cover the soil and press the soil at the suitable sowing period. As an implementation, if the sowing is delayed after the suitable sowing period, the seed amount for grain is increased by 0.3~0.5kg per mu per day of delay. As an implementation, the number of days of the delay is within 1~15d. As an implementation, the number of days of the delay can be 1d, 2d, 3d, 4d, 5d, 6d, 7d, 8d, 9d, 10d, 11d, 12d, 13d, 14d or 15d.

[0023] As an implementation, after the sowing, a seed planting trench is also dug. As an implementation, the step of digging the seed planting trench includes: digging a vertical trench every 3m~4m, with a depth of 20cm~30cm. A horizontal trench is dug 2m~3m away from the end of the field, with a depth of 30cm~40cm, and a horizontal trench is dug every 30m~50m in the long strip field.

[0024] The field management of the present application includes topdressing at the jointing stage of wheat. As an implementation, the topdressing includes topdressing nitrogen fertilizer, and the mass ratio of the topdressing nitrogen fertilizer to the nitrogen fertilizer in the base fertilizer is 7:3. Topdressing nitrogen fertilizer can promote the tillering into ears, which is beneficial to improve the yield of wheat, and can also avoid the high hardness and high protein content of the grain, which is harmful to the quality of malting.

[0025] The field management also comprises spraying two times of leaf fertilizer at the flowering stage of the wheat. As an embodiment, the leaf fertilizer comprises potassium dihydrogen phosphate, humic acid and 14-hydroxy-phytosterol. As an embodiment, the amount of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 150 g / mu. As an embodiment, the mass concentration of the humic acid is 3%, and the amount is 50 ml / mu. As an embodiment, the mass concentration of the 14-hydroxy-phytosterol is 0.01%, and the amount is 8 ml / mu. As an embodiment, the interval of the two times of spraying of the leaf fertilizer is 7-10 days. The application of the leaf fertilizer in the application can supplement nutrition and enhance the disease resistance and stress resistance.

[0026] As an embodiment, the field management further comprises reseeding in the no-planting area and / or preventing and treating diseases and pests. As an embodiment, the step of reseeding in the no-planting area comprises reseeding in the no-planting area of more than 10 cm in the field at the three-leaf stage. As an embodiment, the step of preventing and treating diseases and pests comprises chemical prevention and treatment according to the degree and type of diseases, pests and weeds in the field.

[0027] The application can improve the effective ear number and grain weight of the wheat by constructing a reasonable precision population scale, promoting the nitrogen fertilizer application, promoting tillering (applying fertilizer at the jointing stage), and spraying leaf fertilizer at the grain filling stage. The application combines seed treatment (seed coating), three-groove drainage (digging planting grooves) and precision plant protection technology (reseeding) to effectively reduce the yield and quality fluctuations caused by biological and non-biological stress, fully release the high-yield potential of the wheat and stably output the special quality of the wheat, and achieve the synergistic goal of increasing yield without reducing quality and high quality without reducing yield.

[0028] After the wheat is mature, the wheat is harvested. As an embodiment, the harvesting comprises harvesting at the end of the waxing stage when the grain moisture content of the wheat is less than 20%. At this stage, the plants of the wheat are all yellow, the stems still have a certain elasticity, the grain shape and color are the same as the characteristics of the original variety, and the grain does not leave marks when being pinched by hand, and the thousand-grain weight reaches the maximum value.

[0029] The application also provides the use of the cultivation method as described above in improving the yield and / or quality of the wheat.

[0030] As an embodiment, in the use, the quality comprises that the wheat grain hardness index is less than or equal to 50, the grain bulk density is greater than or equal to 750 g / L, and the grain protein content is 12.5%-14.5%.

[0031] In order to further illustrate the application, the application provides a cultivation method for improving the yield and quality of the wheat is described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be understood as limiting the scope of the application.

[0032] Embodiment 1: A cultivation method for improving the yield and quality of malting wheat S1, select land preparation: Select a flat site with sufficient water and cheap irrigation in sandy loam soil, remove the old straw in the sandy loam soil and perform mechanical deep plowing and covering straw operation, plowing depth ≥ 25 cm, and use a rotary cultivator to rake and level after deep plowing.

[0033] The standard of the sandy loam soil is that the soil feels sandy, can be kneaded into a soil mass, the sand particles are dominant (usually between 55% and 85%), and the silt and clay content is relatively low (about 10-20%), which has a certain fertilizer retention capacity.

[0034] S2, seed selection and dressing: Use Fumai 666 as malting wheat, and coat the malting wheat seeds.

[0035] The quality of the malting wheat variety should meet the hardness index ≤ 50, the grain bulk density ≥ 750 g / L, and the protein content is 12.5%-14.5%.

[0036] The coating uses bactericides, insecticides and seed dressings, and the malting wheat seeds are coated or dressed 3-5 days before sowing.

[0037] S3, apply base fertilizer and sow: Level the land and apply the base fertilizer to the sandy loam soil at the appropriate sowing period.

[0038] The base fertilizer includes total amount of phosphorus fertilizer, total amount of potassium fertilizer and 70% by weight of nitrogen fertilizer.

[0039] The fertilizer application rate of malting wheat is calculated as follows: According to the grain yield per mu, 3 kg of pure nitrogen, 1.3 kg of pure phosphorus and 3 kg of pure potassium are needed per 100 kg of grain.

[0040] The sowing depth is 3-5 cm, and the amount of wheat seeds sown is 13-15 kg per mu.

[0041] The sowing method uses strip sowing, and the row spacing of the strip sowing is 20 cm.

[0042] If the sowing is delayed, the seed amount is increased by 0.3-0.5 kg per mu for every 1 day of delay, and the delay range is 1-15 days.

[0043] S4, dig planting trenches Dig a vertical ditch every 3-4 m after sowing wheat, with a depth of 20-30 cm. Dig a horizontal ditch 2-3 m away from the ends of the field, with a depth of 30-40 cm. Dig a horizontal ditch every 30-50 m in the long strip field. Use the recommended dosage of wheat field closure herbicide for pre-emergence closure treatment before emergence.

[0044] S5, Field management Supplemental seeding in areas with no seedlings over 10 cm in the field at the three-leaf stage to ensure basic seedling quality.

[0045] Patrol the field in time before winter and early spring, and conduct chemical control according to the degree and type of pests, diseases, and weeds. Apply the pesticide in a timely and uniform manner on a windless sunny day with a cold tail and a warm head, and an average daily temperature above 5°C. The spraying dosage should be based on the recommended dosage of the pesticide.

[0046] Nitrogen fertilizer for starter wheat needs to be applied in advance. It can be applied in several times or once during the regreening period to the jointing stage according to the seedling condition and soil moisture condition.

[0047] Spray two foliar fertilizers during the flowering period combined with one spray and three prevention. The interval between the two foliar fertilizers is 7-10 days. The raw materials for foliar fertilizer are potassium dihydrogen phosphate, humic acid, and brassinolide.

[0048] S6, Harvest Harvest at the end of the waxing stage when the grain moisture content of starter wheat is less than 20%.

[0049] Example 2: Exploration of factors affecting the quality of starter wheat From October 2023 to June 2024, comparative tests were conducted at the Jiangsu Siyang County Cotton Seed Farm (sandy loam soil, 118.68E; 33.70N) and the Jiangsu Suqian City Su Cheng District Yanghe Town School Village (clay loam soil, 118.44E; 33.79N). The planting system in both places is wheat-corn double cropping in one year.

[0050] The standard for the clay loam soil is that the sand content in the soil is relatively low (about 20-30%), the clay content is relatively high (about 30-50%), it is sticky when wet and can be rolled into a strip, but it is easy to break.

[0051] The test was cultivated according to the cultivation method described in Example 1, with the difference being that a three-factor two-level randomized block design was adopted, and the test variety was starter wheat Fumai 666. The three factors were set as follows: Factor 1 is the nitrogen application method. Pure nitrogen 15 kg / acre is prepared, and the base fertilizer: jointing fertilizer: ear fertilizer = 7:3:0 and base fertilizer: jointing fertilizer: ear fertilizer = 6:2:2 are set as two nitrogen application methods.

[0052] Factor 2 is foliage fertilizer, set to spray foliage fertilizer and spray the same amount of water at flowering stage two kinds of foliage fertilizer application method; the preparation method of the foliage fertilizer is: 150g / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 50ml / mu of humic acid with a mass concentration of 3%, 8ml / mu of 14-hydroxy rutin sterol with a mass concentration of 0.01%, and 30kg / mu of clean water are mixed thoroughly.

[0053] Factor 3 is sowing method, set to drill and broadcast two treatments, wherein the row spacing of drilling is 20cm.

[0054] The total amount of fertilizer in different experimental groups is: 6.5kg / mu of pure phosphorus, 15kg / mu of pure potassium, and 15kg / mu of pure nitrogen, all of which are used as base fertilizer at one time. Among them, the nitrogen fertilizer is urea, the phosphorus fertilizer is superphosphate, and the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate.

[0055] Comparative test: each treatment is set with 3 repetitions, a total of 24 test plots, each plot is 1.6m wide, 10m long, and the area is 16m 2 , the planting variety is Fumai 666, and the sowing period is October 20, 2023, with a seed planting amount of 15kg / mu.

[0056] On October 18, 2023, the test site of Siyang Cotton Seed Farm and Yanghe Town School was mowed and deep plowed to improve soil physical and chemical properties and increase organic matter content. After deep plowing, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium base fertilizer in each plot was applied according to the design of 500kg / mu of seed yield target and nitrogen fertilizer treatment method and was leveled.

[0057] On October 17, 2023, 9% benzene ether. R. Thiam (benzene ether. R. Thiam) ternary compound seed treatment agent was used to coat the selected, healthy, full and healthy Fumai 666 seeds according to 2400ml / 100kg seeds. The coated seeds were spread out and dried in a cool room for standby.

[0058] On October 20, 2023, according to 15kg / mu, sowing and pressing, the sowing depth is 3cm~5cm, on October 22, 2023, 19% benzyl. Eth. P (benzyl. Eth. P) wettable powder 175g / mu is used for field closed weeding.

[0059] On November 31, 2023, the areas with no seedlings above 10cm in the test plots were supplemented.

[0060] On March 21, 2024, stem and leaf spraying was carried out, and the herbicide was used in an amount of 60ml / mu of 200g / L fluroxypyr emulsion, 5g / mu of 40% carfentrazone ethyl water dispersible granules, and 5ml / mu of 50g / L double fluazolate suspension agent for compound spraying.

[0061] Jointing fertilizer was applied on March 13, 2024, and ear fertilizer was applied on April 9, 2024. The ear fertilizer was urea.

[0062] Leaf fertilizer was sprayed on April 19, 2024 to April 27, 2024 in combination with one-spray three-prevention during the flowering stage. One-spray three-prevention "prevents diseases and pests, dry hot wind, and lodging", and the main component contains: total effective component content 40% propineb · tebuconazole 30 ml, total effective component content 15% thiamethoxam · high chlorine fluoride 14 g, and 30 L of water is uniformly sprayed.

[0063] The plots were harvested separately on June 10, 2024.

[0064] Table 1: Yield of the test plots of the Siyang Cotton Seed Field in 2023-2024 (kg / acre)

[0065] Table 2: Quality of the test plots of the Siyang Cotton Seed Field in 2023-2024

[0066] Table 3: Yield of the test plots of the Yanghe Town School Village in 2023-2024 (kg)

[0067] Table 4: Quality of the test plots of the Yanghe Town School Village in 2023-2024

[0068] Example 3: Exploration of Factors Affecting the Quality of Fermented Wheat From October 2024 to June 2025, large area comparison tests were conducted at the Jiangsu Siyang County Cotton Seed Field (sandy loam soil, 118.68E; 33.70N) and the Jiangsu Siyang County Cotton Seed Field Mountain Branch (loam soil, 118.67E; 33.83N). The cropping system in both locations was wheat-corn double cropping in one year.

[0069] The test variety was fermented wheat Fumai 666, and six treatments were set up: Treatment 1 was drill seeding, and the base fertilizer: jointing fertilizer: ear fertilizer of nitrogen fertilizer was 7:3:0, and no leaf fertilizer was sprayed during the flowering stage; Treatment 2 was drill seeding, and the base fertilizer: jointing fertilizer: ear fertilizer of nitrogen fertilizer was 7:3:0, and leaf fertilizer was sprayed during the flowering stage; Treatment 3 was drill seeding, and the base fertilizer: jointing fertilizer: ear fertilizer of nitrogen fertilizer was 6:2:2, and leaf fertilizer was sprayed during the flowering stage; Treatment 4 was broadcast seeding, and the base fertilizer: jointing fertilizer: ear fertilizer of nitrogen fertilizer was 7:3:0, and no leaf fertilizer was sprayed during the flowering stage; Treatment 5 is sowing, nitrogen fertilizer base fertilizer: jointing fertilizer: ear fertilizer = 7:3:0, spraying leaf fertilizer at flowering stage; Treatment 6 is sowing, nitrogen fertilizer base fertilizer: jointing fertilizer: ear fertilizer = 6:2:2, spraying leaf fertilizer at flowering stage.

[0070] The planting process steps of the above groups are referred to Example 1, and according to the target of 500 kg / mu of grain yield, 15 kg / mu of pure nitrogen, 6.5 kg / mu of pure phosphorus, and 15 kg / mu of pure potassium are prepared, and all the phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are applied as base fertilizer at one time. Among them, the nitrogen fertilizer is urea, the phosphorus fertilizer is calcium superphosphate, and the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate. The formula of leaf fertilizer is 150 g / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 50 ml of humic acid, 10 ml of 14-hydroxy rutin sterol with a mass concentration of 0.01% diluted with 30 kg of clean water, and fully mixed, and the first spraying is carried out at the early stage of flowering combined with one spraying and three prevention, and the second spraying is carried out at an interval of 7-10 days.

[0071] The above 6 treatments are each repeated 2 times, a total of 12 test plots, each plot is 3.6 m wide, 42 m long, and the area is 151.2 m 2 , the sowing period is October 25, 2024, the sowing amount is 15 kg / mu, and the row spacing is 20 cm.

[0072] On October 23, 2024, the test field of Siyang Cotton Seed Field and its Sanzhu Branch was mowed and plowed to increase the content of organic matter and improve the soil structure. After deep plowing, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium base fertilizer of each plot was applied according to the treatment design and leveled.

[0073] On October 21, 2024, 9% benzene ether. R. Thiam (benzene ether carbazole 0.7%, fludioxonil 0.7%, thiamethoxam 7.6%) ternary compound seed treatment agent was used to coat the selected complete, healthy, full and rich wheat 666 seeds according to 2400 ml / 100 kg seeds. The coated seeds were spread out and dried in a cool room for standby.

[0074] On October 25, 2024, sowing and pressing were carried out according to 15 kg / mu, the sowing depth was 3-5 cm, and on October 26, 19% benzyl. Eth. P (benzyl sulfonate content 1.9%, prometon content 5.6%, ethylamine content 11.5%) wettable powder 175 g / mu was used for field closed weeding.

[0075] On November 5, 2024, the areas with no seedlings above 10 cm in the test plot were supplemented.

[0076] Spray weeding on March 2, 2025, and the amount of herbicide used is 60 ml / mu of 200 g / L of clopyralid emulsifiable concentrate, 5 g / mu of 40% of carfentrazone ethyl water dispersible granules, and 5 ml / mu of 50 g / L of florasulam suspension concentrate.

[0077] Joint application of jointing fertilizer on March 19, 2025, and ear fertilizer on April 11.

[0078] Leaf fertilizer spraying in combination with one-spray three-prevention during the flowering period from April 22 to April 30, 2025. One-spray three-prevention is used to prevent diseases and pests, dry hot wind, and lodging, and the main component of the amount used per mu contains: 30 ml of 40% of propiconazole and tebuconazole, and 14 g of 15% of thiamethoxam and high-chlorine fluoride mixed with 30 L of water for uniform spraying.

[0079] Separate harvesting and drying of small areas on June 5, 2025.

[0080] Table 5: Yield of the test plot of Siyang Cotton Seed Field in 2024-2025 (kg / mu)

[0081] Table 6: Quality of the test plot of Siyang Cotton Seed Field in 2024-2025

[0082] Table 7: Yield of the test plot of Siyang Cotton Seed Field in 2024-2025 (kg)

[0083] Table 8: Quality of the test plot of Siyang Cotton Seed Field in 2024-2025

[0084] In summary, the present application provides a cultivation method for improving the yield and quality of brewing wheat, which combines sandy soil, strip sowing brewing wheat, 70% nitrogen fertilizer as base fertilizer, 30% nitrogen fertilizer as top dressing, and spraying leaf fertilizer to synergistically improve the effective ear number and grain weight of brewing wheat. It also guarantees the key qualities of brewing wheat grain hardness, bulk density, and protein, and improves the yield and quality of brewing wheat grain.

[0085] Although the above embodiment has made a detailed description of the present application, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present application, not all the embodiments, and other embodiments can be obtained under the premise of no creativity, which belong to the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for improving the yield and / or quality of wheat used in koji making, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The wheat for making koji is sown in sandy loam soil by row sowing and field management is carried out. The wheat is harvested after the grains mature. The application of base fertilizer before row sowing includes nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, wherein the mass ratio of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer is 2~2.5:1~1.5:2.5~3.5; The field management includes topdressing during the wheat jointing stage and spraying foliar fertilizer twice during the wheat flowering stage; The topdressing includes applying nitrogen fertilizer, and the mass ratio of the applied nitrogen fertilizer to the nitrogen fertilizer in the basal fertilizer is 7:3; The foliar fertilizer includes potassium dihydrogen phosphate, humic acid, and 14-hydroxybrassinosteroidol; the interval between two applications of foliar fertilizer is 7-10 days. The harvesting includes harvesting wheat grains when the moisture content of the wheat grains used for koji making is less than 20%.

2. The cultivation method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The wheat used for koji making includes Fumai 666.

3. The cultivation method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The row spacing for the strip broadcast is 15-25cm.

4. The cultivation method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The wheat seeds used for fermentation include coated wheat seeds used for fermentation; The coating process includes coating the wheat seeds used for fermentation with insecticides and fungicides. The coating is carried out 3-5 days before sowing the wheat seeds for koji making.

5. The cultivation method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The amount of base fertilizer applied is based on the expected grain yield per mu (unit of land area), with 2-2.5 kg of pure nitrogen, 1-1.5 kg of pure phosphorus, and 2.5-3.5 kg of pure potassium per 100 kg of grain yield.

6. The cultivation method as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The projected grain yield per mu (unit of land area) is in the range of 400-700 kg.

7. The cultivation method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, After sowing the wheat for making koji, it also includes digging planting trenches; The steps of digging planting ditches include: digging a horizontal ditch 2-3m away from the two sections of field ridges, with a distance of 30-50m between the horizontal ditches and a depth of 30-40cm; and digging a vertical ditch every 3-4m with a depth of 20-30cm.

8. The cultivation method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The field management also includes steps for preventing and controlling pests and diseases.

9. The cultivation method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The dosage of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 150 g / mu; the mass concentration of humic acid is 3%, and the dosage is 50 ml / mu; the mass concentration of 14-hydroxybrassinolide is 0.01%, and the dosage is 8 ml / mu.

10. The application of the cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in increasing the yield and / or improving the quality of wheat used for koji making, characterized in that, The quality includes: wheat grain hardness index ≤ 50, grain bulk density ≥ 750 g / L, and grain protein content of 12.5%~14.5%.

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