Device and method for increasing survival rate of monopterus albus breeding

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and method for increasing the survival rate of ricefield eel breeding, and relates to the technical field of aquaculture equipment, and the method comprises a water quality management measure, a temperature regulation measure, a breeding system, a sewage treatment system, a water storage system, a stress period management measure, a feeding strategy, a feeding density and a disease prevention strategy. Through cooperative operation of the culture system, the sewage treatment system and the water storage system, in combination with water quality regulation and control and an automatic temperature control strategy, accurate management of key water quality indexes and stable regulation of air temperature and water temperature are realized, so that water body replacement is quickly and efficiently completed, and the disease problem caused by too large temperature difference is effectively avoided; on the basis, stress period management, a scientific feeding strategy, reasonable putting density and systematic disease prevention measures are matched, the habitat environment of the ricefield eels is improved fundamentally, the physical health of the ricefield eels is enhanced, and finally the breeding survival rate is effectively increased.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of aquaculture equipment, in particular to a device and method for improving the survival rate of rice field eels. BACKGROUND

[0002] Rice field eels are a kind of special aquatic farming species with high economic and nutritional value. In recent years, the market demand for rice field eels has been growing, which has promoted the large-scale development of rice field eel farming. However, in the process of intensive farming, low survival rate has been a core bottleneck problem that restricts the healthy development of the industry and the improvement of farming benefits.

[0003] The causes of low survival rate of rice field eels are complex and diverse, but water quality deterioration, temperature out of control, and disease outbreak are one of the key reasons. Feed residues, excretions, and mucus, etc. are extremely easy to accumulate and decompose at the bottom of the breeding pond, consuming a large amount of oxygen and producing toxic and harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen. The water exchange of traditional farming modes (such as earth ponds or cement ponds) depends on manual or simple water inlet and outlet systems, which has problems such as untimely water exchange, difficult control of water exchange volume, and large temperature difference between new and old water.

[0004] Therefore, it is urgent to develop a new type of breeding device and method that can achieve fast and efficient water exchange, precise control of water quality, automatic temperature regulation, reduce the temperature difference of water exchange, effectively reduce the stress reaction of rice field eels, and realize the recycling of water body through effective sewage treatment, so as to fundamentally improve the habitat environment of rice field eels, enhance their physical fitness, and effectively improve the survival rate of breeding. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a device and method for improving the survival rate of rice field eels. The method can achieve fast and efficient water exchange, precise control of water quality, automatic temperature regulation, reduce the temperature difference of water exchange, effectively reduce the stress reaction of rice field eels, and realize the recycling of water body through effective sewage treatment, so as to fundamentally improve the habitat environment of rice field eels, enhance their physical fitness, and effectively improve the survival rate of breeding.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application adopts the following technical solutions: A device for improving the survival rate of rice field eels is composed of a water storage tank, a breeding pond, and a sewage treatment tank. The water storage tank is used to store water source, and the purified water enters the breeding pond through the water outlet pipe. The breeding pond is used for rice field eel breeding, and the sewage enters the sewage treatment tank through the water outlet pipe. The sewage treatment tank is used for purifying sewage, and the purified water returns to the water storage tank through the No. 2 water pump.

[0007] The water storage tank comprises a water storage tank, a water inlet pipe, a water outlet pipe, a water outlet spray head, and a first air energy temperature controller, the water inlet pipe is higher than the water storage tank and is connected with a second water pump, one end of the water outlet pipe is located at the bottom of the water storage tank, the water outlet spray head is located at the other end of the water outlet pipe and below the cushion plate, and the first air energy temperature controller is used for detecting and adjusting the temperature of water in the water storage tank.

[0008] The breeding tank comprises a breeding tank, a cushion plate, a breeding net cage, a first water pump, a microfilter, a microfilter water outlet pipe, a tank water outlet pipe, and a second air energy temperature controller, the cushion plate is located inside the breeding tank, the breeding net cage is located above the cushion plate, the first water pump is located in the breeding tank and is connected with a water inlet position of the microfilter, a water outlet position of the microfilter is connected with the microfilter water outlet pipe and returns to the breeding tank, the tank water outlet pipe is connected with the sewage treatment tank, and the second air energy temperature controller is used for detecting and adjusting the temperature of water in the breeding tank.

[0009] The sewage treatment tank comprises a sewage tank, filter material, an ecological tank, and a second water pump, sewage enters the sewage tank through the tank water outlet pipe, then passes through the filter material and the ecological tank in sequence, and the second water pump is located at a water purification position and is connected with the water inlet pipe.

[0010] A device and method for improving the survival rate of eels, comprising water quality management measures, temperature regulation measures, a breeding system, a sewage treatment system, a water storage system, stress period management measures, feeding strategies, stocking density, and disease prevention strategies, through the coordinated operation of the breeding system, the sewage treatment system, and the water storage system, combined with water quality regulation and automatic temperature control strategies, precise management of key water quality indicators and stable regulation of air temperature and water temperature are realized, thereby quickly and efficiently completing water body replacement while effectively avoiding disease problems caused by large temperature differences. On this basis, combined with stress period management, scientific feeding strategies, reasonable stocking density, and systematic disease prevention measures, the habitat of eels is fundamentally improved, their physical health is enhanced, and the survival rate of eels is ultimately effectively improved.

[0011] Water quality management measures: 15-20 days after the release of the fish, the stress of the fish is bad, and the water needs to be changed more than 3 times a day. First, open the drainage hole of the breeding system, wait for the water in the breeding system to be completely drained, then open the water inlet pipe, use the spray device to flush for 3-5 minutes, then close the drainage hole of the breeding system, and close the water inlet when the water level reaches the breeding requirement. After 20 days, the fish fry is stable, and the water is changed 2 times a day. Due to the increase of residual ears and feces, the spray device flushing time is extended to 5-10 minutes. Turn off the microfilter before each water change, and turn it on after the water change to effectively remove small particles of residual ears and feces that are difficult to settle in the water. After the training stage, the water is changed once a day, and the spray device flushing time is extended to more than 10 minutes. Turn off the microfilter before each water change, and turn it on after the water change. This method can achieve efficient and rapid water change, ensure good water quality, and effectively improve the problems of difficult to remove sediment in the traditional breeding method and high labor intensity of water change.

[0012] Temperature control measures: After releasing the fish fry, use the double temperature control principle to control the indoor air temperature to 26-28 degrees, and open the air temperature control device in the breeding system to keep the water temperature at 26-28 degrees, effectively avoiding the death of the fish caused by the change of water temperature due to weather changes; At the same time, the water temperature difference between the water storage tank and the breeding system must be detected before water change. If the difference exceeds 2 degrees, adjust the water temperature to within 2 degrees by using the air temperature control device in the water storage tank. This method avoids the death of the fish caused by the large temperature difference during water change. This method effectively controls the temperature fluctuation during the whole breeding process and avoids the death of the fish caused by temperature changes due to weather changes and water change in the existing breeding method.

[0013] Breeding system: including 1.5m*10m*0.8m breeding canvas pool / plastic box; 0.5m*0.6m*0.5m net cage, 8-18 mesh; stainless steel or plastic mesh plate with a diameter of 0.5-1 centimeter; air temperature control device with a power of 50-60kW to ensure water temperature at 26-28 degrees, providing the most suitable temperature for the growth of the fish.

[0014] Sewage treatment system: including installed microfilter for 24-hour water quality treatment; sprayer installed at the end of the water inlet pipe, located below the mat, which has the function of water change, and can also clean the residual feed and feces at the bottom of the breeding tank through spraying; ecological pool with 4-5 times the capacity of the breeding pool, which uses activated carbon, coral stone, volcanic stone, etc. for primary filtration, and then purifies the water quality by planting water hyacinth / water spinach and other aquatic plants, and the treated water is recycled.

[0015] Water storage system: water storage tank with a capacity of 2-3 times the capacity of the breeding tank; equipped with an air temperature control device with a power of 50-60kW to control the temperature of the water storage tank between 26-28 degrees, ensuring that the temperature difference during water change is within 2 degrees.

[0016] Stress management measures: 15-20 days after the eel fry is put into the water, the water temperature is accurately controlled at 26-28 degrees, and the eel fry with poor vitality caused by fishing or transportation is timely fished out 4-5 times a day, which is manifested as nest, pile and poor vitality, so as to avoid the influence of dead eel on water quality, disease transmission and improve the survival rate of eel fry; At the same time, the eel fry with poor vitality is sold to reduce the cost of damaged eel fry.

[0017] Feeding strategy: after the stress management period, the eel fry is trained with water worms as the opening material for 7-12 days, and when the water worms are eaten up in 10-15 minutes, the mixed material (water worms + white carp pulp + eel feed) is replaced and fed, and the feeding progress is observed during the period, and the amount of water worms is appropriately reduced and the amount of feed is increased every 3-5 days, the proportion of water worms is reduced by less than 5% each time, until the water worms are stopped, and finally the pulp and bait ratio is 1:1, which is the end of the training period and enters the growth period. When the bait is not eaten up in 20 minutes, appropriate health care products for liver protection and intestinal protection can be added to help digestion.

[0018] Feeding density and disease prevention strategy: the density of each net cage is controlled to be less than 10 kg, and the size is 10-50 g / tail. When the bait is not eaten up in 20 minutes, appropriate health care products for liver protection and intestinal protection can be added to help digestion, reduce disease outbreak and improve survival rate.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages: 1、The present application is characterized in that a perforated pad is arranged at the bottom of the breeding tank, and a net cage is hung above the pad, which is conducive to the deposition of residual feed and feces at the bottom of the breeding tank, thereby reducing the pollution of the water body; a spray head is installed at the inlet of the water inlet pipe, and the residual feed and feces deposited at the bottom of the breeding tank are washed away by the spray effect after the water is changed every day, thereby achieving thorough cleaning of the breeding tank, and the smaller particles of residual feed and feces that are not easy to deposit are removed by a microfilter. The device can remove both large and small particles of feces and residual feed, thereby solving the problem of water quality deterioration and high mortality caused by the difficulty of cleaning in the prior art. 2、The present application is characterized in that the eels are bred indoors, and air temperature control devices are installed in the water storage tank and the breeding tank simultaneously, so as to stabilize the temperature during breeding, provide suitable growth temperature for the eels, and improve the growth speed; at the same time, the temperature change caused by water change is avoided, and the death of eels caused by temperature fluctuation is effectively avoided. 3. This invention improves survival rates by optimizing seed selection and stress management methods. Undamaged and deformed seedlings are selected and categorized by size for rearing. After stocking, the water temperature is precisely controlled at 26-28 degrees Celsius. Sludge with poor vitality due to harvesting or transportation is promptly removed daily. This not only prevents dead eels from affecting water quality and spreading disease, thus improving the survival rate, but also allows for the sale of weaker fry, reducing losses. The stress management period is no less than 15 days.

[0020] 4. This invention improves the feeding rate and reduces the mortality rate of eels by formulating a strict feeding strategy. Simultaneously, it uses tubifex worms as the initial feed for 7-12 days to gradually train the eels. When a fixed amount of tubifex worms can be consumed within 10-15 minutes, a mixed feed (earthworm paste + silver carp paste + eel feed) is introduced. During this period, the feeding progress is observed. In a 3-5 day cycle, the amount of tubifex worms is appropriately reduced while the amount of feed is increased until the addition of earthworm paste is stopped. This marks the end of the training period and the start of the breeding and growth period. If the feed is not consumed within 20 minutes, appropriate liver-protecting and intestinal-protecting supplements should be added to the feed to aid digestion, reduce disease outbreaks, and improve the survival rate. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 An axial view of a device and method for improving the survival rate of farmed eels; Legend: 1. Water storage tank; 2. Aquaculture pond; 3. Sewage treatment pond; 11. Water storage tank; 12. Inlet pipe; 13. Outlet pipe; 14. Outlet spray head; 15. No. 1 air source heat pump thermostat; 21. Aquaculture pond; 22. Mat; 23. Aquaculture cage; 24. No. 1 water pump; 25. Microfilter; 26. Microfilter outlet pipe; 27. Pond outlet pipe; 28. No. 2 air source heat pump thermostat; 31. Sewage pond; 32. Filter media; 33. Ecological pond; 34. No. 2 water pump. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0023] Example 1 1. Site Selection: The breeding workshop should be located away from residential areas, livestock and poultry breeding areas, and industrial pollution areas, ensuring access to water, electricity, and roads. The workshop area should be over 500 square meters, with the breeding system and water storage system installed indoors, and the ecological treatment pond built outside the workshop.

[0024] 2. Equipment installation: 1) Aquaculture system: See appendix Figure 1, install the width of 1.5-2m, 6-10m long breeding pool, canvas pool or plastic box, etc. Made, installed into a certain degree of inclination 10-20 degrees angle, easy to drain water; 10-15cm from the bottom of the breeding pool set up with 0.5-1cm diameter holes plastic plate or steel mesh as a cushion, cushion on top of the 0.6m*0.5m*0.5m hanging net cage, mesh is 8-10 mesh, net cage between 5-10cm apart. Net cage + cushion plate to facilitate the residual feed and feces deposited at the bottom, reduce its dissolved in water caused by bad water, easy to clean; each breeding tank equipped with an air temperature controller, to ensure that the temperature during breeding between 26-28 degrees, provide suitable for eel fast growth temperature, found that in June and August after one month after stocking, breeding pool and water storage tank installation temperature control system group (A) than not installed temperature control system group (B) survival rate increased by more than 30% (Table 1).

[0025] Table 1. Eel survival rate comparison

[0026] 2) sewage treatment system: each breeding pool equipped with a micro filter, power can guarantee the daily water treatment capacity of 4-5 times the water volume of the breeding pool, 12-24 hours per day, can effectively remove small residual feed and fecal particles in water, to protect water quality; water inlet pipe end installation sprayer, located below the cushion plate, that has a water function, but also through the spray effect cleaning the residual feed and feces at the bottom of the breeding tank, to protect the water quality of the breeding pool, found that the installation of micro filter and spray device group (WP) and not installed micro filter and spray device group (CK) compared to ammonia and nitrite decreased by 80% (Table 2 and Table 3); installation of water storage capacity of 4-5 times the breeding pool ecological pool, choose canvas pool or cement pool, etc. Ecological pool using activated carbon, coral, volcanic rock, etc. for primary filtration, and then through the planting water hyacinth / water spinach and other aquatic plants to purify water quality, treated water recycling.

[0027] Table 2. Ammonia nitrogen changes

[0028] Table 3. Nitrite changes

[0029] 3) water storage system: install the water storage capacity of 2-3 times the breeding pool water storage tank, water storage tank installed higher than the breeding pool, forming a high pool, easy for breeding pool water supply; equipped with a power of 50-60kW air temperature control device, control the temperature of the reservoir between 26-28 degrees, to ensure that the water temperature difference within 2 degrees, effectively solve the temperature changes caused by eel cold death, found that in June and August after one month after stocking, breeding pool and water storage tank installation temperature control system group (A) than not installed temperature control system group (B) survival rate increased by more than 30% (Table 1).

[0030] 3. Disinfection preparation: 30 days before the release of the seedlings, the cultivation system, sewage treatment system and water storage system are flushed and cleaned. The system is filled with water, and composite iodine or quicklime is used for disinfection. After 3-5 days, all the water in the system is discharged, dried and placed for 5-7 days to completely remove the disinfectant. Then, well water or clean lake water is used for soaking for 2-3 days, and then all the equipment is opened for system operation detection. After 15-20 days, it can be used.

[0031] 4. Selection and release of seedlings: Select Jianghan Plain large yellow moray eels for cultivation. In June and August, when the price of eel seedlings is low, select wild eel seedlings without injury, deformity and consistent specifications, with a size of 10g-50g per tail. Each net cage releases 10-12 kg of seedlings.

[0032] 5. Stress period of seedlings: 15-20 days after the release of eel seedlings, the water temperature is precisely controlled at 26-28 degrees. Weak seedlings caused by fishing or transportation are removed in time. The specific performance is that the weak seedlings are removed by driving piles. On the one hand, it avoids the influence of dead eels on water quality and the spread of diseases, and improves the survival rate of seedlings. At the same time, the eel seedlings with poor vitality are sold to reduce the cost of damaged seedlings. The elimination rate during the stress management period is 20%-30%.

[0033] 6. Feeding strategy: After the stress period, water worms are used as opening feed for 7-12 days from 5-7 pm every day. The feeding amount is 4%-6% of the body weight. When the water worms are eaten in 10 minutes, the mixed feed (worm paste + white carp paste + artificial feed) is started to be fed. 3-5 days is a cycle to observe the eating progress. The amount of worms is appropriately reduced and the amount of feed is increased. The proportion of water worms is reduced by 5% each time, until the addition of water worms is stopped. Finally, the proportion of fish paste and bait is higher than 1:1, and the training is ended. Thereafter, the mixed feed of fish paste and bait is fed every day, and the feeding amount is maintained at 3%-5%.

[0034] 7. Water quality management and temperature control: After 20-30 minutes of feeding, open the drain pipe to drain all the water in the cultivation pond, then open the water inlet pipe, and use the spraying effect to flush the residual bait and feces deposited at the bottom. After 3-5 minutes of flushing, close the drain pipe, continue to add water to the cultivation net cage 20-30 cm, stop adding water, then open the microfilter to treat the water in the cultivation pond, and close the microfilter before the next water change. Finally, open the air temperature controller to maintain the water temperature in the cultivation pond at 26-28 degrees. The discharged water enters the water treatment pond, first passes through the filter area of activated carbon + coral stone + volcanic stone, then uses water plants (water hyacinth, water spinach, etc.) to purify the water, and then pumps the purified water back to the water storage tank for recycling. The water storage tank is equipped with an air temperature controller to ensure that the water temperature in the water storage tank before water change is 26-28 degrees, and the water temperature difference is within 2 degrees.

[0035] 8. Disease prevention: Alternately use bile acids, Clostridium butyricum, lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus during breeding to protect the liver and gallbladder and prevent enteritis.

[0036] 9. Specific effect: After 3-5 months of breeding, the eels reach the size of commercial eels (100g-200g) for sale, and the breeding can be realized for 2 seasons per year, with a survival rate of over 90%.

[0037] Although embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it is to be understood that various modifications, substitutions, replacements and changes can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present application, and the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An apparatus and method for improving the survival rate of farmed eels, comprising water quality management measures, temperature control measures, aquaculture system, sewage treatment system, water storage system, stress management measures, feeding strategy, stocking density and disease prevention strategy. Through the coordinated operation of aquaculture system (2), sewage treatment system (3) and water storage system (1), combined with water quality control and automated temperature control strategy, the apparatus achieves precise management of key water quality indicators and stable regulation of air and water temperature, thereby quickly and efficiently completing water replacement, while effectively avoiding disease problems caused by excessive temperature difference. On this basis, in conjunction with stress management, scientific feeding strategy, reasonable stocking density and systematic disease prevention measures, the apparatus fundamentally improves the habitat of eels, enhances their physical health, and ultimately achieves an effective improvement in the survival rate of farmed eels.

2. According to the device and method for improving the survival rate of swamp eel farming as described in claim 1, the water quality management measures are as follows: within 15-20 days after the swamp eels are stocked, stress-induced eel deaths lead to rapid water deterioration, requiring water changes more than 3 times a day. First, open the drainage hole of the farming system. After the water in the farming system is completely drained, open the inlet pipe and use a spray device to rinse for 3-5 minutes. Then close the drainage hole of the farming system and close the inlet when the water level reaches the farming requirements. After 20 days, when the swamp eel fry are stable, the swamp eel training feeding stage begins, and the water change frequency is adjusted to twice a day. Due to the increase in residual ears and feces, the rinsing time of the spray device is extended to 5-10 minutes. Before each water change, the microfilter is turned off, and after the water change, the microfilter is turned on to effectively remove small particles of residual ears and feces that are not easy to settle in the water. After the training feeding stage, the water change frequency is adjusted to once a day, and the rinsing time of the spray device is extended to more than 10 minutes. Before each water change, the microfilter is turned off, and after the water change, the microfilter is turned on.

3. According to the device and method for improving the survival rate of swamp eel farming as described in claim 1, the temperature control measures are as follows: after releasing swamp eel fry, the indoor air temperature is controlled at 26-28 degrees Celsius using the dual-temperature control principle, while simultaneously turning on the air-source temperature control device in the farming system to maintain the farming water temperature at 26-28 degrees Celsius, effectively avoiding eel mortality caused by water temperature fluctuations due to weather changes; at the same time, before changing the water, the temperature difference between the water in the storage tank and the water in the farming system must be detected. If the difference exceeds 2 degrees Celsius, the water temperature is adjusted using the air-source temperature control device in the storage tank to bring the temperature difference within 2 degrees Celsius before water changing can be carried out, effectively avoiding eel mortality caused by water temperature fluctuations during water changing.

4. According to the device and method for improving the survival rate of farmed eels as described in claim 1, the management measures for the stress period of eels are as follows: 15-20 days after the release of eel fry, the water temperature is precisely controlled at 26-28 degrees Celsius, and eel fry with poor vitality due to fishing or transportation are promptly removed 4-5 times a day, which are characterized by burrowing, staking, and poor vitality; the screened eel fry can be sent to the market for sale and processing. Damaged and stressed eel fry do not affect edibility, and mass mortality and water pollution are avoided.

5. According to the device and method for improving the survival rate of yellow eel farming as described in claim 1, the feeding strategy for yellow eels is to slowly train them for 7-12 days after the stress management period, using tubifex worms as the initial feed. When a certain amount of tubifex worms can be eaten within 10-15 minutes, the mixed feed (tubifex worms + silver carp paste + yellow eel feed) is switched to feed. During this period, the feeding progress is observed. The amount of tubifex worms is appropriately reduced and the amount of feed is increased in a cycle of 3-5 days. The proportion of tubifex worms is reduced by no more than 5% each time until tubifex worms are stopped. Finally, the ratio of fish paste and feed is 1:

1. At this time, the training period ends and the farming growth period begins. If the feed is not eaten within 20 minutes, liver-protecting and intestinal-protecting health products can be added to the feed to help digestion.

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