Feeding technology for improving production performance and body health of mutton sheep and preventing chronic rumen acidosis and daily ration preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of animal nutrition and feed science, and relates to a feeding technology capable of improving production performance, body health (immunity and oxidation resistance) and economic benefit of mutton sheep and improving rumen pH value, blood buffer capability and blood acid-base balance maintaining capability, namely preventing chronic rumen acidosis, and a daily ration preparation method thereof. According to the feeding technology and the daily ration preparation method, vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamine) is added into the mutton sheep high-concentrate daily ration (the concentrate-to-coarse ratio is 6: 4), the adding level is 0.5 mg / kg in terms of dry matter per kg of the daily ration, it is at least guaranteed that the pre-feeding period is 7 days and the positive test period is 30 days or above in the feeding time of the mutton sheep, the production performance, the organism immunity, the oxidation resistance and the economic benefits of the mutton sheep can be improved, and the mutton sheep feed is suitable for large-scale production. The pH value of the rumen, the blood buffering power and the blood acid-base balance maintaining capacity are improved, namely the effect of preventing chronic acidosis of the rumen is achieved, and the mutton sheep feed additive is suitable for mutton sheep with the weight being 34 kg or above. The method is easy to operate and safe in production, and a new thought and method are provided for preventing chronic rumen acidosis under the condition that mutton sheep are fed with high-concentrate daily ration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of animal nutrition and feed science, and relates to a feeding technique and diet formulation method that can improve the production performance, physical health (immunity, antioxidant performance), and economic benefits of meat sheep, as well as improve rumen pH, blood buffering capacity, and blood acid-base balance maintenance, thereby preventing chronic rumen acidosis. Background Technology

[0002] With the improvement of living standards, mutton has become increasingly popular among consumers due to its tenderness, juiciness, delicious taste, and low cholesterol content. However, the supply and demand imbalance of mutton in Xinjiang remains prominent. As intensive sheep farming increases, high-energy diets are a characteristic of intensive sheep production, but these diets are highly susceptible to rumen acidosis, leading to significant economic losses (Owens, 1998). Therefore, rumen acidosis has always been a hot topic in nutritional research both domestically and internationally. Currently, the main methods for preventing and treating rumen acidosis include: (1) reducing the starch content in the diet, changing the type of starch in the diet, controlling its fermentation rate, and increasing the proportion of roughage, but this will reduce the daily weight gain of animals; (2) adding buffers to directly neutralize organic acids, such as sodium bicarbonate, but this will cause harm and may lead to alkalosis, edema, and affect the central nervous system; (3) using ionocarrier antibiotics to inhibit the main lactic acid-producing microorganisms in the rumen (Xiao Xunjun et al., 2001); (4) inoculating lactic acid-utilizing bacteria (Xia Guangliang et al., 2019); (5) adding organic acids (malic acid, succinic acid, and fumaric acid) to the diet to enhance the ability to utilize lactic acid (Cai Juan et al., 2019); (6) adding alkaloids (Bai Xuemei, 2022) or thiamine (Pan Xiaohua et al., 2013) to the diet. These nutritional regulation techniques each have their own characteristics, but some also have shortcomings, such as safety and application costs. Therefore, under the requirements of China's sustainable development strategy for animal husbandry, further research and promotion of feeding techniques and diet formulation methods for mutton sheep fed high-concentrate diets are needed. These techniques should be easy to operate and safe to implement in practical production, and should improve rumen pH, blood buffering capacity, and blood acid-base balance, thereby preventing chronic acidosis caused by high-concentrate diets, while also improving mutton sheep production performance, physical health (immunity, antioxidant performance), and economic benefits. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose and content of this invention is to provide a feeding technique and diet formulation method that can improve the production performance, immunity, antioxidant capacity, and economic benefits of meat sheep, while simultaneously improving rumen pH, blood buffering capacity, and blood acid-base balance maintenance, thereby preventing chronic rumen acidosis. The feeding technique and diet formulation method involve adding vitamin B to a high-concentrate diet (concentrate to roughage ratio of 6:4) for meat sheep. 12(Cyanocobalamin), added at a level of 0.5 mg / kg of dry matter per kg of diet, and in meat sheep weighing over 34 kg, after a 7-day pre-feeding period and a 30-day formal feeding period, can improve the production performance, immunity, antioxidant capacity, and economic benefits of meat sheep. Simultaneously, it enhances rumen pH, blood buffering capacity, and the ability to maintain blood acid-base balance, thus preventing chronic rumen acidosis. This invention is easy to operate and safe to implement in practical production, providing a new approach and method for improving the production performance, immunity, antioxidant capacity, and economic benefits of meat sheep fed a high-concentrate diet (concentrate-to-roughage ratio of 6:4), as well as enhancing rumen pH, blood buffering capacity, and the ability to maintain blood acid-base balance, thereby preventing chronic acidosis in meat sheep.

[0004] The invention of this patent also includes: (1) a feeding technique and its formulation method for mutton sheep that feeds them with a high-concentrate diet (concentrate to roughage ratio of 6:4) to improve their production performance, immunity, antioxidant performance, economic benefits, rumen pH, blood buffering capacity, and ability to maintain blood acid-base balance, i.e., to prevent chronic rumen acidosis. The method includes, based on each kg of dry matter in the diet, the amount of vitamin B100... 12 The addition level of (cyanocobalamin) is 0.5 mg / kg. The feeding time for meat sheep should be at least 7 days for the pre-feeding period and more than 30 days for the formal trial period. This invention is applicable to meat sheep with a weight of more than 34 kg.

[0005] The advantages and effects of this invention are as follows:

[0006] 1. This invention involves adding vitamin B at a rate of 0.5 mg / kg (based on dry matter per kg of gravy) to a high-concentrate ration for mutton sheep (concentrate to roughage ratio 6:4). 12 (Cyanocobalamin) and meat sheep weighing over 34 kg, after a 7-day pre-feeding period and a 30-day trial period of consuming this diet, showed a relative advantage over those consuming diets without added vitamin B after digestion and metabolism. 12 Meat sheep fed a high-concentrate basal diet (concentrate to roughage ratio 6:4) containing cyanocobalamin, supplemented with vitamin B. 12 The treatment group with a 0.5 mg / kg DM level (cyanocobalamin) can improve the production performance, immunity, antioxidant capacity, blood buffering capacity, blood acid-base balance maintenance, rumen pH, and economic benefits of meat sheep. Because this technology and diet formulation method can improve rumen pH, blood buffering capacity, and maintain blood acid-base balance, it can prevent chronic rumen acidosis. It is characterized by low cost and relatively simple operation, and is suitable for fattening meat sheep that consume a high-concentrate diet (concentrate-to-roughage ratio of 6:4) and reach a weight of 34 kg or more. According to a literature review, no similar reports have been found domestically or internationally, indicating technological innovation.

[0007] Best Example 1

[0008] Thirty-six healthy Kazakh rams with similar age and weight were selected and divided into 4 groups with 9 rams in each group using a single-factor experimental design. The basal diet was formulated according to the "Feeding Standard for Meat Sheep" (NY / T 816-2021) with a concentrate-to-forage ratio of 6:4. The 4 treatment groups were supplemented with VB 12 (cyanocobalamin) (feed grade, 1% content) at levels of 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg / kg DM, respectively. A 47-day feeding trial (including a 7-day pre-feeding period and a 40-day formal period) was conducted in a meat sheep farm. Feed intake and remaining feed amount were recorded, and the sheep were weighed at regular intervals to calculate feed intake and daily weight gain. Feed samples, fecal samples, blood samples, and rumen samples were collected to determine the conventional nutrient components of feed and fecal samples; blood plasma or serum was used to determine blood routine indexes, blood gas indexes, biochemical, immune, and antioxidant indexes; and rumen fluid was used to determine indexes such as ammonia nitrogen and volatile fatty acids. The results showed that compared with the control group, the treatment group supplemented with 0.5 mg / kg VB12 (cyanocobalamin) in the diet significantly increased the average daily weight gain of meat sheep (P < 0.05), significantly increased the crude fat digestibility (P < 0.05), and the dry matter and organic matter digestibility showed a quadratic curve trend (0.05 < P < 0.1). At 3.5, 7 h after feeding and the average pH value, the rumen pH value of the group supplemented with 0.5 mg / kg VB12 (cyanocobalamin) in the diet was higher than that of the control group, and the NH3-N concentration was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). At 3.5 h or 7 h after feeding, compared with the control group, the propionic acid and total volatile acids in the group supplemented with 0.5 mg / kg VB 12 (cyanocobalamin) in the diet were higher in value. At 7 h after feeding, the histamine concentration in the treatment group supplemented with 0.5 mg / kg VB 12 in the diet was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The total carbon dioxide, bicarbonate ion, and extracellular fluid base excess in the blood of the treatment group supplemented with 0.5 mg / kg VB 12 in the diet were extremely significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.01); the blood pH and blood base excess were significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the alanine aminotransferase concentration in the group supplemented with 0.5 mg / kg VB 12 in the diet was significantly decreased (P < 0.05); with the increase in the VB 12 supplementation level, the glucose concentration increased linearly (P < 0.05). With the increase in the VB 12 supplementation level, the concentrations of interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α in the serum of each group decreased linearly (P < 0.01), the concentration of interleukin-10 increased linearly (P < 0.01), and the concentration of immunoglobulin G showed a linear increasing trend (0.05 < P < 0.10). With the increase in the VB 12With increasing supplementation levels, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, total antioxidant capacity, and catalase significantly increased (P<0.01), while malondialdehyde concentration significantly decreased (P<0.01). Compared with the control group, the high-concentrate diet supplemented with 0.5 mg / kg VB showed significantly better results. 12 The treatment group showed the highest economic benefits. The above experimental results indicate that adding VB... 12 It can promote the growth and digestion of sheep, improve animal health, enhance sheep production performance, physical health (immunity, antioxidant capacity), and economic benefits, and improve rumen pH, blood buffering capacity, and blood acid-base balance, thus preventing chronic rumen acidosis. Conclusion: In a high-concentrate diet for sheep (concentrate to roughage ratio 6:4), based on per kg of dry matter, VB... 12 The optimal addition level of (cyanocobalamin) is 0.5 mg / kg.

Claims

1. A feeding technique and its diet formulation method that can improve the production performance, physical health (immunity, antioxidant capacity), and economic benefits of meat sheep, as well as improve rumen pH, blood buffering capacity, and blood acid-base balance maintenance, thereby preventing chronic rumen acidosis, characterized in that... By adding vitamin B to the high concentrate feed diet (concentrate to roughage ratio 6:4) for meat sheep 12 (Cyanocobalamin) (content 1%), the addition level is 0.5mg / kg based on 1kg of dry matter in the diet. It is suitable for meat sheep weighing 34kg or more. After a 7-day pre-feeding period and a 30-day formal feeding period, it can improve the production performance, immunity, antioxidant capacity and economic benefits of meat sheep. At the same time, it can improve rumen pH, blood buffering capacity and blood acid-base balance, thus preventing chronic rumen acidosis.