Device and method for achieving in-situ manufacturing and one-time forming of copper-steel-copper coating structure through solidification process control

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and method for achieving copper-steel-copper coated alloy in-situ manufacturing one-time forming through solidification process control, and belongs to the field of electric arc additive manufacturing. An MIG welding gun is used as a main body frame, and a coaxial powder feeding and auxiliary heat source regulation and control device is innovatively integrated. A center channel adopts a Fe-based welding wire as a structural framework material, a powder feeder near the welding wire accurately conveys Cu-based powder through argon to serve as a functional coating layer, and a gas protection system is arranged on the outermost layer to avoid interference of shielding gas turbulence on a copper powder conveying track. Meanwhile, a TIG heat source rear dynamic temperature adjusting technology is introduced. After the MIG main electric arc completes material cladding, secondary thermal field intervention is carried out on a deposition layer through the rear TIG electric arc, and sufficient dynamic conditions are provided for Cu liquid phase migration. According to the method, liquid copper is ensured to be fully migrated to the two sides of a molten pool under the driving of surface tension and Marangoni convection, a gradient coating structure with the uniform thickness is formed, and the microhardness of an interface area is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of additive manufacturing, in particular to a device and method for realizing in-situ manufacturing of one-time forming of copper-steel-copper clad alloy through solidification process control. BACKGROUND

[0002] Copper-steel-copper clad alloy is a kind of laminated composite material. Through composite structure design, the high electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity of copper are combined with the high strength and low cost of iron, making up for the performance short board of single metal. In terms of manufacturing, the core significance lies in realizing efficient use of resources: taking iron as the core (accounting for more than 70%) to greatly reduce the amount of copper, saving strategic resources and reducing costs by 30%-50%, meeting the needs of sustainable development. Its outstanding advantages are the optimization of comprehensive performance: the outer layer of copper ensures electrical conductivity (more than 90% of pure copper) and corrosion resistance, the inner layer of high-strength steel core improves mechanical strength (tensile strength is 5-8 times that of pure copper), and the synergistic effect of copper and iron also endows the material with excellent fatigue resistance and controllable thermal expansion coefficient, suitable for vibration environment and precision devices. In addition, the adjustable electromagnetic performance makes it perform outstandingly in the fields of 5G communication and new energy - high-frequency current is concentrated on the surface layer of copper due to the skin effect, and the iron core enhances the magnetic conductivity, which can be customized as electromagnetic shielding materials with low resistance and high magnetic permeability. It has been widely used in high-voltage cables, electric vehicle battery connecting plates, aerospace lightweight components and other fields. In the future, through interface bonding technology optimization, its potential in the fields of flexible electronics and superconducting materials will be further released, becoming one of the key materials for green manufacturing and high-end equipment.

[0003] Additive manufacturing technology, as a low-cost and highly flexible advanced manufacturing process, provides an innovative solution for the preparation of copper-steel-copper clad structure. Traditional process adopts a step-by-step processing mode of "first steel substrate additive manufacturing, then surface copper cladding layer", which has significant limitations: the two independent manufacturing processes not only prolong the production cycle by 30%-50%, but also cause the copper-steel interface to repeatedly experience thermal cycles due to secondary heat input, inducing micro-crack initiation and reducing interface bonding strength; at the same time, in the face of complex structures such as curved surfaces, hollowed-out or internal flow channels, traditional cladding technology cannot achieve uniform cladding and precise forming of the copper layer. Through multi-material collaborative additive manufacturing technology, one-time forming of copper-steel-copper structure can break through the above technical bottlenecks - synchronous deposition of copper / iron heterogeneous materials, and control of the solidification process using the difference in melting points of Cu and Fe to make Cu and Fe uniformly separate, automatically forming a copper-steel-copper clad structure. This technology has great value in breaking through the design of lightweight electromagnetic devices, developing gradient functional materials, and manufacturing corrosion-resistant and conductive composite components in the fields of nuclear power and new energy. SUMMARY

[0004] The application aims at the key technical problems of interface defects, complex process and forming limitation caused by step-by-step manufacturing of heterogeneous metal cladding structure, and proposes a copper-steel-copper cladding structure in-situ integrated manufacturing device and method based on solidification process regulation. The technology successfully realizes single-pass accurate forming of copper-steel-copper sandwich structure through innovative design of multi-heat-source synergistic action and wire-powder composite deposition system, and has important application value in the manufacturing of corrosion-resistant conductive composite components in the fields of nuclear power equipment and high-frequency electronic devices.

[0005] The application provides a method for realizing one-time forming of copper-steel-copper cladding structure in-situ manufacturing through solidification process control. In the in-situ manufacturing of copper-steel-copper cladding structure, a MIG welding system is used, a high-strength steel wire is selected as a structural skeleton material in the center channel of the MIG welding gun of the MIG welding system, and Cu-based powder is accurately delivered as a functional cladding layer through argon in the powder delivery channel near the wire; after the material cladding on the substrate is completed by the MIG welding system, a TIG welding system is introduced behind the deposited layer, the electric arc generated by the TIG welding system implements secondary heat input to the deposited layer, and provides sufficient dynamic conditions for Cu liquid phase migration; under the joint action of surface tension and Marangoni convection, the Cu liquid phase is continuously driven to both sides of the solidification front, and finally a copper-steel-copper gradient structure is formed.

[0006] Further, the diameter of the high-strength steel wire is 1.0-1.2 mm, and the particle size of the Cu-based powder is 50-150 μm.

[0007] Further, the mass ratio of the high-strength steel wire to the Cu-based powder delivered per unit time is 2-3:1; the powder delivery speed of the MIG welding system is 5-20 g / min, and the wire delivery speed is 2-4 m / min.

[0008] Further, the Cu-based powder is preheated by vacuum drying at 80-120℃ for 2-4h; and the pretreatment operation of the substrate (9) is preheating at 100-200℃.

[0009] Further, the electric arc generated by the TIG welding system is located 15-20 mm behind the electric arc generated by the MIG welding system.

[0010] Further, the current of the MIG welding system is 150-200 A, and the voltage is 20-24 V; the current of the TIG welding system is 120-150 A; and the energy density of the secondary heat input to the deposited layer by the electric arc generated by the TIG welding system is 5-8 J / mm 2 .

[0011] Further, the flow of the argon powder feeding channel is 4-8 L / min; the outermost layer of the MIG welding gun is a shielding gas system, the flow of the ion gas in the shielding gas system is 2-2.5 L / min, and the flow of the argon is 20-30 L / min.

[0012] The application also provides a device for realizing in-situ manufacturing of a one-time forming method of a copper-steel-copper clad structure through a solidification process control, comprising a MIG welding system, a base plate, a TIG welding system and a powder feeding mechanism; the MIG welding system comprises a MIG welding gun, and electric arc additive manufacturing is performed on the base plate through the MIG welding gun; the positive electrode of the MIG welding system is connected with a high-strength steel welding wire, and the negative electrode is connected with the base plate; the TIG welding system comprises a TIG welding gun; the TIG welding system is located behind the MIG welding system; the positive electrode of the TIG welding system is connected with the base plate, and the negative electrode is connected with the TIG welding gun.

[0013] Further, the MIG welding gun is internally provided with an insulating slotted ceramic sleeve, and the insulating slotted ceramic sleeve is externally provided with an ion gas shell, a powder feeding gas shell and a welding gun shell in sequence; a first channel between the insulating slotted ceramic sleeve and the ion gas shell inputs ion gas, a second channel between the ion gas shell and the powder feeding gas shell connects argon to deliver Cu-based powder, and a third channel between the powder feeding gas shell and the welding gun shell inputs shielding gas; the ion gas shell and the powder feeding gas shell are internally provided with cooling water; the bottom end of the MIG welding gun is provided with a powder feeding and gas feeding copper nozzle connected with the welding gun shell; the middle part of the powder feeding and gas feeding copper nozzle is provided with a wire feeding port; the left and right ends of the wire feeding port are provided with powder feeding ports, and the outer side of the powder feeding and gas feeding copper nozzle is provided with a shielding gas outlet; the powder feeding and gas feeding copper nozzle is located at the bottom end of the MIG welding gun; the distance between the bottom end of the MIG welding gun and the surface of the base plate is 5-6 mm; and the distance between the bottom end of the TIG welding gun and the surface of the base plate is 4-5 mm.

[0014] The application also provides an in-situ manufactured one-time forming copper-steel-copper clad structure, wherein the mass ratio of the clad copper layer in the copper-steel-copper clad structure is 25-35%.

[0015] The application has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] 1. The method of the application realizes single-pass in-situ manufacturing of a copper-steel-copper clad structure by integrating a MIG electric arc melting wire with a coaxial powder feeding system, combining a rear TIG heat source dynamic temperature adjustment technology, and completely eliminating the interface thermal stress accumulation problem caused by twice heat input in the traditional step-by-step process. The integrated high-efficiency forming breaks through the bottleneck of step-by-step manufacturing, and compared with the step-by-step manufacturing process, the production cycle is shortened, the interface bonding strength is improved, and the service reliability of the component is significantly improved.

[0017] 2. The method of the present application has precise solidification control and optimizes material phase separation. The difference in melting points of Fe (1538℃) and Cu (1083℃) is innovatively utilized to extend the flow time of liquid Cu through the synergistic regulation of double electric arcs and thermal field. The secondary heat input from the TIG heat source extends the liquid Cu phase separation time window to 0.8-1.2 seconds, ensuring that the liquid copper fully migrates to both sides of the molten pool under the driving force of surface tension and Marangoni convection, forming a gradient cladding structure with uniform thickness.

[0018] 3. The method of the present application has high structural strength, and the trace intermiscibility forms a mutual strengthening structure. By precisely controlling the thermal history of the molten pool, a controllable trace intermixing effect (Fe-Cu intermixing solubility ≤0.3%) is induced at the copper-iron interface, forming a unique nanoscale precipitation strengthening structure. During the post-positioning of the TIG heat source, limited interdiffusion occurs between Fe atoms and Cu atoms at the interface, generating a gradient transition layer with alternating distribution of submicron Fe(Cu) solid solution and Cu(Fe) supersaturated solid solution. This microstructure evolution produces a dual strengthening mechanism: on the one hand, the lattice distortion caused by solid solution atoms induces dislocation pinning effect, which enhances the microhardness of the interface region; on the other hand, the dispersion precipitation of nanoscale Fe-rich and Cu-rich phases significantly enhances the interface shear resistance.

[0019] 4. The technical system of the present application can be expanded to Al-Ti, Ni-Cu and other metal combinations with significant melting point difference and immiscibility, providing a universal manufacturing platform for aerospace lightweight composite components, flexible electronic functional substrates, etc., and has broad industrial application prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the in-situ manufacturing of the copper-steel-copper cladding structure by the present application through solidification process control;

[0021] Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the MIG wire-powder composite additive manufacturing device with coaxial powder feeding used in the embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 3 is a physical diagram of the MIG wire-powder composite welding gun with coaxial powder feeding used in the embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 4 is a physical diagram of the in-situ manufacturing of the copper-steel-copper cladding structure in the embodiment of the present application.

[0024] 1-wire, 2-wire feeder, 3-MIG torch, 4-powder, 5-TIG arc, 6-TIG power supply, 7-MIG power supply, 8-TIG torch, 9-substrate, 10-chilled water tank, 11-ion gas, 12-argon powder feeding, 13-shielding gas, 14-slotted ceramic sleeve, 15-conducting nozzle, 16-ion gas shell, 17-powder feeding gas shell, 18-torch shell, 19-current electrical control system, 20-MIG arc, 21-powder feeding port, 22-shielding gas port, 23-wire feeding port, 24-copper nozzle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The application will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0026] The application discloses a method for in-situ manufacturing of one-time forming of copper-steel-copper clad alloy by solidification process control, taking MIG welding torch as the main frame, and innovatively integrating coaxial powder feeding and auxiliary heat source regulation device. The central channel adopts high-strength steel wire as the structural framework material, the powder feeder near the wire precisely delivers Cu-based powder as the functional cladding layer through argon gas, and the outermost layer is a gas protection system to avoid the interference of shielding gas turbulence on the transport trajectory of copper powder. The composite feeding system breaks through the traditional single material delivery mode of additive manufacturing, realizes the synchronous and precise supply of Fe / Cu double metal, improves the powder utilization rate to more than 90%, and can flexibly control the cladding layer ratio by adjusting the wire feeding speed and powder feeding rate. Since the solidification melting point of Fe is above 1500 DEG C, and the melting point of copper is only about 1083 DEG C, Fe will solidify first in the center of the molten pool, and liquid copper will be squeezed to the two sides, so as to realize the copper-steel-copper cladding structure of Fe in the center and Cu on the two sides.

[0027] However, additive manufacturing has a high cooling rate, which easily leads to insufficient time for Cu to uniformly separate to the two sides, and it is difficult to ensure that the temperature of the deposited layer is above the melting point of copper and below the melting point of iron in the welding process by using other heat sources. In view of the control difficulty of Fe and Cu phase separation, the application introduces a TIG heat source post dynamic temperature regulation technology. After the MIG main arc completes material cladding, the deposited layer is subjected to secondary heat field intervention by the rear TIG arc to provide sufficient dynamic conditions for Cu liquid phase migration. Under this temperature window, the high-melting-point Fe phase preferentially nucleates and solidifies in the center of the molten pool to form a structural framework, and the low-melting-point Cu liquid phase is continuously driven to the two sides of the solidification front under the joint action of surface tension and Marangoni convection, and finally a thickness-controllable and metallurgical-bonded copper-steel-copper gradient structure is formed.

[0028] The application discloses a method for in-situ manufacturing of one-time forming of copper-steel-copper clad structure by solidification process control, which can be realized by the following steps:

[0029] Step one: The MIG welding gun, coaxial powder feeder, TIG heat source control device and gas protection system are integrated on the additive manufacturing platform. The welding wire is located in the center, and the powder feeder is symmetrically distributed on both sides of the welding wire. The powder is blown into the molten pool by argon, and the outer gas nozzle delivers the protective gas. The wire feeder, powder delivery controller and double-arc power supply are connected. The positive electrode of the MIG power supply is connected to the MIG welding gun, and the negative electrode is connected to the base plate. The positive electrode of the TIG power supply is connected to the base plate, and the negative electrode is connected to the TIG welding gun. The system linkage debugging is completed to ensure the timing matching and cooperative response of each unit.

[0030] Step two: Select high-strength steel wire as the structural framework material, which should meet the requirements of high strength and formability; simultaneously select Cu-based powder as the functional cladding layer, and the powder morphology and particle size distribution should adapt to the characteristics of coaxial powder feeding. The materials are pretreated, including wire surface cleaning, powder drying and composition uniformity screening, to ensure the stability of material transportation and the controllability of molten pool reaction.

[0031] Step three: Based on the geometric characteristics of the component and the thickness requirement of the cladding layer, the matching relationship of the wire feeding speed, powder feeding rate and double-arc energy input is set in the control system. The welding gun movement path and deposition trajectory are planned synchronously, and the interlayer overlap rate and accumulation direction are optimized to ensure the three-dimensional forming accuracy.

[0032] Step four: Activate the MIG main arc, and the Fe welding wire continuously melts to form the molten pool core under high temperature. At the same time, the coaxial powder feeder accurately injects Cu powder into the molten pool. Through the precise synchronization of welding gun movement and material transportation, the Fe / Cu bimetal is realized by layer-by-layer co-deposition. The high-melting-point Fe phase in the molten pool solidifies first to form the structural framework, and the un-solidified Cu liquid phase migrates to the edge of the molten pool under the driving of thermal gradient.

[0033] Step five: At a certain distance behind the MIG cladding layer, the TIG auxiliary heat source is started to regulate the deposition layer. By adjusting the TIG arc energy input and action time, the time window of the molten pool trailing edge in the semi-solid state is extended, and the Cu liquid phase is fully migrated to the solidification front on both sides. By utilizing the synergistic effect of Marangoni convection and surface tension, the self-organizing formation of copper-steel-copper cladding structure is realized, and the interface micro-intermixing is induced to strengthen the metallurgical bonding.

[0034] Step six: On-line monitoring of layer-by-layer accumulation and forming quality, repeating the above deposition and temperature regulation process, layer-by-layer accumulation until the completion of the overall manufacturing of the component. The molten pool morphology, temperature field distribution and cladding layer uniformity are monitored in real time by infrared thermal imager and high-speed camera system, and the process parameters are dynamically corrected by feedback control system to ensure the interface bonding quality and the consistency of cladding structure. Finally, the copper-steel-copper cladding component with high strength, high electrical conductivity and complex geometry adaptability is obtained.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] As Figure 1 shown, the wire powder is fixed to the three-axis motion platform with the welding gun 3, ensuring that the welding wire 1 is 1.0-1.2 mm in diameter, the slotted ceramic sleeve 14 is installed at the front end of the powder feeding gas shell 17, and the powder feeding port 21 and the wire feeding port 23 are adjusted to a distance of 1-2 mm. The powder-gas copper nozzle 24 is connected to the argon powder feeding 12 (flow rate 4-8 L / min) to drive the copper powder 4 (particle size 50-150 μm) to transport, and the protection gas port 22 is connected to the protection gas 13 (argon, flow rate 20-30 L / min) to form a gas curtain. The MIG power supply 7 (current 150-200 A, voltage 20-24 V) and the TIG power supply 6 (current 120-150 A) are connected, and the cooling water tank 10 is connected to circulating water. The timing of the MIG arc 20 and the TIG arc 5 is set through the current control system 19, and the center distance between the two arcs is controlled to be 15-20 mm.

[0037] The high-strength steel welding wire 1 (C≤0.02%, Mn 1.2-1.8%) is selected to be transported through the wire feeder 2, and the Cu powder 4 (purity≥99.9%) is transported through the channel of the powder feeding gas shell 17. The base plate 9 is cleaned with acetone to remove oil stains and preheated to 100-200°C, and the copper powder 4 is vacuum dried at 80-120°C for 2-4 hours. The wire feeding speed (2-4 m / min), powder feeding rate (5-20 g / min), and ion gas 11 (pure Ar, flow rate 2-2.5 L / min) are set in the current control system 19, and the deposition path is planned synchronously. The mass ratio of Fe wire and Cu powder per unit time is ensured to be between 2:1 and 3:1. If the Fe:Cu ratio is too low, it is not easy to form a layered structure, and if the ratio is too high, the copper cannot uniformly cover the Fe. The powder feeding shell 17 controls the trajectory of the copper powder 4, so that the copper powder 4 is uniformly injected into the molten pool through the powder feeding ports 21 at both ends of the copper nozzle 24. After the MIG arc 20 is ignited, the welding wire 1 melts to form a molten pool core at high temperature, and the copper powder 4 directly melts at the edge of the arc.

[0038] The TIG welding gun 8 at 10-20 mm behind the MIG welding gun 3 is started at the same time, the TIG arc 5 applies secondary heat input (energy density 5-8 J / mm 2 ) to the deposited layer, prolonging the time of the molten pool at 1083-1500°C. The high-melting-point Fe phase solidifies in the center of the molten pool, and the liquid Cu migrates to both sides through Marangoni convection, forming a cladding structure with a copper layer accounting for 25-35%.

[0039] The physical diagram of the welding gun device and the internal structure is shown in Figure 2 and 3 , which shows the overall structure of the welding gun, the internal MIG electrode, the insulating slotted ceramic sleeve for fixing the MIG electrode and isolating the MIG electrode and the copper nozzle, the conductive copper nozzle for powder feeding and wire feeding, and other structures not shown are integrated in the welding gun. Figure 2The schematic diagram of the welding gun device is mainly provided to help understand. In addition, the ceramic sleeve is provided with three equidistant grooves for conducting plasma gas, and the angles of the adjacent grooves are both 120° (relative to the center), and the groove width is 2 mm. The wire feeding port diameter of the copper nozzle is 4 mm, and the diameters of the two powder feeding ports are both 2 mm. The distance between each powder feeding port and the wire feeding port is 1.5 mm.

[0040] The copper-steel-copper clad structure prepared by the device and the method is shown in Figure 4 It can be seen that the center is a Fe-based material (high-strength steel), and the two sides are Cu-based materials, and the Cu is uniformly distributed on both sides of the Fe. The Fe-based material is completely clad. In addition, part of the Fe penetrates into the Cu matrix to form an Fe-rich phase, which can further strengthen the matrix material. This symmetrical cladding design ensures that the Fe-based core is completely wrapped by the Cu-based material, and the characteristics of the two materials are maximized. In particular, part of the Fe element diffuses into the Cu matrix to form an Fe-rich phase during the preparation process, which is not a process defect, but a key mechanism that significantly strengthens the interface bonding and the overall matrix performance. This metallurgical bonding resulting from atomic diffusion significantly improves the interface strength between the copper layer and the steel layer, effectively inhibits the risk of interlayer peeling and failure, and significantly enhances the long-term reliability and service life of the composite material under thermal, mechanical or electrical load. At the same time, the structure realizes the efficient use of the noble metal copper - only in the surface area where its superior function is needed, and the core uses high-strength steel with lower cost, which significantly reduces the overall material cost. By adjusting the mass ratio of wire and powder feeding, the thickness ratio of the copper layer and the steel layer can be flexibly adjusted, and the clad structure can be precisely customized to meet the diversified needs of various applications from high-conductivity (such as power transmission, electronic packaging and heat dissipation substrate) to high-strength (such as large-current connectors, structure-function integrated components).

[0041] The above embodiments are the preferred embodiments of the present application, but the embodiments of the present application are not limited to the above embodiments, and any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present application shall be equivalent replacement methods, and shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for in-situ manufacturing of one-piece formed copper-steel-copper clad structures by solidification process control, characterized in that: In the in-situ manufacturing of copper-steel-copper clad structure, a MIG welding system is adopted, the center channel of the MIG welding gun of the MIG welding system selects Fe-based welding wire as the structural skeleton material, and the powder feeding channel near the welding wire precisely delivers Cu-based powder as the functional cladding layer through argon; after the MIG welding system completes material cladding on the substrate (9), a TIG welding system is introduced behind the deposited layer, the arc generated by the TIG welding system implements secondary heat input to the deposited layer, and provides sufficient dynamic conditions for Cu liquid phase migration; under the joint action of surface tension and Marangoni convection, the Cu liquid phase is continuously driven to the two sides of the solidification front, and finally a Cu-Fe-Cu gradient structure is formed.

2. The method for in-situ manufacturing of one-piece formed copper-steel-copper clad structure by solidification process control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the Fe-based welding wire is 1.0-1.2 mm, and the particle size of the Cu-based powder is 50-150 μm.

3. The method for in-situ manufacturing of one-piece formed copper-steel-copper clad structure by solidification process control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the Fe-based welding wire to the Cu-based powder fed per unit time is 2-3:1; the powder feeding speed of the MIG welding system is 5-20 g / min, and the wire feeding speed is 2-4 m / min.

4. The method for in-situ manufacturing of one-piece formed copper-steel-copper clad structure by solidification process control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Cu-based powder is preheated by vacuum drying at 80-120℃ for 2-4 h; the pretreatment operation of the substrate (9) is preheating at 100-200℃.

5. The method for in-situ manufacturing of one-piece formed copper-steel-copper clad structure by solidification process control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The arc generated by the TIG welding system is located 15-20 mm behind the arc generated by the MIG welding system.

6. The method for in-situ manufacturing of one-piece formed copper-steel-copper clad structure by solidification process control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The current of the MIG welding system is 150-200 A, and the voltage is 20-24 V; the current of the TIG welding system is 120-150 A; the secondary heat input energy density of the arc generated by the TIG welding system to the deposited layer is 5-8 J / mm 2 .

7. The method for in-situ manufacturing of one-piece formed copper-steel-copper clad structure by solidification process control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flow rate of the argon powder feeding of the powder feeding channel is 4-8 L / min; the outermost layer of the MIG welding gun is a shielding gas system, the flow rate of the ion gas in the shielding gas system is 2-2.5 L / min, and the flow rate of the argon is 20-30 L / min.

8. A device for in-situ manufacturing of a one-step forming process of a copper-steel-copper clad structure by solidification process control according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: It comprises: a MIG welding system, a substrate, a TIG welding system, and a powder feeding mechanism; the MIG welding system comprises a MIG welding gun, and the MIG welding gun is used to perform arc additive manufacturing on the substrate (9); the positive electrode of the MIG welding system is connected with the Fe-based welding wire (1), and the negative electrode is connected with the substrate (9); the TIG welding system comprises a TIG welding gun; the TIG welding system is located behind the MIG welding system; the positive electrode of the TIG welding system is connected with the substrate (9), and the negative electrode is connected with the TIG welding gun (8).

9. The apparatus for in-situ manufacturing of one-shot forming of copper-steel-copper clad structure by solidification process control according to claim 8, characterized in that: The MIG welding gun is internally provided with an insulating slotted ceramic sleeve (14), and the insulating slotted ceramic sleeve (14) is externally provided with an ion gas shell (16), a powder feeding gas shell (17) and a welding gun shell (18) in sequence; a first channel between the insulating slotted ceramic sleeve (14) and the ion gas shell (16) inputs ion gas, a second channel between the ion gas shell (16) and the powder feeding gas shell (17) connects argon gas to deliver Cu-based powder, and a third channel between the powder feeding gas shell (17) and the welding gun shell (18) inputs protective gas; the ion gas shell (16) and the powder feeding gas shell (17) are internally provided with cooling water; the bottom end of the MIG welding gun is provided with a powder feeding and gas passing copper nozzle (24) connected with the welding gun shell; the middle part of the powder feeding and gas passing copper nozzle (24) is provided with a wire feeding port (23); the left and right ends of the wire feeding port (23) are provided with powder feeding ports, and the outer side of the powder feeding and gas passing copper nozzle (24) is provided with a protective gas outlet (22); the powder feeding and gas passing copper nozzle (24) is located at the bottom end of the MIG welding gun; the distance between the bottom end of the MIG welding gun and the surface of a base plate (9) is 5-6 mm; the distance between the bottom end of the TIG welding gun and the surface of the base plate (9) is 4-5 mm.

10. A one-step in-situ manufactured copper-steel-copper clad structure using the apparatus of claims 1-7, characterized by: The copper layer in the copper-steel-copper clad structure accounts for 25-35% of the mass of the clad layer.

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