A laser spot welding device for hardware mold processing

Abstract

The application provides a laser spot welding device for hardware mold processing, and relates to the technical field of laser spot welding devices.The device comprises a supporting frame, a moving mechanism is arranged on the supporting frame, a laser main body is arranged on the moving end of the moving mechanism, a laser spotlight is arranged inside along the laser emission direction, a protective mirror is arranged inside, a limiting groove is arranged on the inner side wall, and a refraction assembly is arranged corresponding to the exit end of the laser spotlight.The application is supported by the supporting frame, the moving mechanism drives the laser main body to adjust the processing distance, the mold does not need to be frequently adjusted, the protective mirror filters stray light, the spot welding precision is ensured, the refraction assembly reflects and diffuses the light spot to the focusing assembly, the angle can be adjusted to improve the energy utilization rate, the liquid convex lens is high-temperature-resistant and can accurately adjust the focal length, the built-in limiting sleeve cooperates with the sliding sleeve to prevent abrasion and stabilize the transmission, the driving part synchronously adjusts the focusing and refraction angles, and can also finely adjust the radial direction, the degree of automation is high, the efficiency is high, the whole device realizes accurate focusing, and the high-precision spot welding requirement of the hardware mold is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser spot welding equipment technology, and in particular to a laser spot welding equipment for metal mold processing. Background Technology

[0002] Laser spot welding equipment for hardware mold processing is a specialized device that relies on a high-energy-density laser beam to achieve welding. It can accurately locate tiny areas of the mold and complete spot welding by instantly melting the metal with the laser. The heat-affected zone is extremely small, which can prevent the mold from deforming due to high temperature. It is suitable for the high-precision processing requirements of hardware molds and is mainly used for repairing tiny cracks in molds and splicing small parts with the mold body. It features strong welds, high processing efficiency, and can also reduce subsequent grinding processes, ensuring the processing quality and service life of the mold.

[0003] An existing laser spot welding device for metal mold processing uses a laser power supply to drive a xenon lamp to generate pulsed light waves, which excite the pulsed laser beam. After beam expansion, reflection, and focusing, the laser beam acts on the workpiece surface. The device controls the energy input by adjusting parameters such as laser power, pulse width, and frequency. The laser beam rapidly scans a fixed point, instantly melting the metal to form a molten pool. After cooling, the welding is complete. However, the existing laser spot welding device still has the following shortcomings:

[0004] However, existing laser spot welding devices for metal mold processing suffer from varying laser defocus due to differences in mold surface elevation or weld depth, resulting in changes in the welding distance. As the defocus increases, the spot diameter expands with the propagation distance, leading to energy dispersion and a decrease in power density. This results in blurred weld edges, making it impossible to precisely match the needs of minor mold repairs, leading to insufficient precision. Simultaneously, some laser light fails to reach the weld, wasting light resources and potentially affecting welding quality due to insufficient energy. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention is intended to solve the problems raised in the background art described above.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a laser spot welding device for processing hardware molds, including a receiving frame, on which a moving mechanism is provided;

[0007] The laser body is mounted on the moving end of the mobile mechanism. Inside, a laser spotlight and a protective mirror are installed along the laser emission direction. A limiting groove is opened on the inner side wall.

[0008] A refraction component, corresponding to the laser spotlight's output end, includes a refraction ring and a refraction plate. The refraction ring is connected to the end of the laser body, and the refraction plate is located inside the refraction ring.

[0009] The variable focusing component is set in the refraction direction corresponding to the refraction component. The refraction component is used to receive and collect the diffused beam generated during laser propagation, and reflect and prefocus it to the incident end of the variable focusing component. The variable focusing component includes a fixed ring and a liquid convex lens encapsulated therein. A connecting block and a wire are provided on the outside of the fixed ring. The variable focusing component is used to receive the main beam from the laser spotlight and the prefocused beam from the refraction component, and achieves dynamic focusing of the converging beam by adjusting the curvature of the liquid convex lens.

[0010] The laser light passes through a liquid convex lens and a protective lens in sequence. The diffused light is reflected by the refractive ring onto the refractive plate, then reflected back to the liquid convex lens for focusing, and finally acts on the metal mold.

[0011] Preferably, the laser body is fitted with an internal limiting sleeve, the bottom of which is fixed to the laser body, and the inner side wall of which has a sliding groove.

[0012] An interlayer movable sliding sleeve is installed between the built-in limiting sleeve and the laser body. The inner side is provided with a pulley and the outer side is provided with a limiting component. The end of the limiting component is provided with a support plate. The pulley is slidably engaged with the wire, the limiting component is slidably engaged with the limiting groove, and the circumferential rotation is engaged with the slide rail.

[0013] An external rotating toothed sleeve is installed on the outside of the laser body, and a toothed ring is provided on the outside of the external rotating toothed sleeve. Slide rails are provided at the upper and lower ends.

[0014] A reciprocating moving drive component is installed on the outer wall of the laser body to drive the interlayer moving sleeve to move back and forth;

[0015] A rotary adjustment drive is installed on one side of the limiting component, and its output end meshes with the gear ring to drive the external rotary gear sleeve to rotate.

[0016] The moving mechanism on the receiving frame is a ball screw slide, with the moving end fixed to the laser body, driving the laser body to move towards and away from the hardware mold.

[0017] Preferably, the protective lens of the laser body is made of high-transparency laser glass to filter stray light.

[0018] Preferably, the refraction assembly further includes a spring, a first movable block, a second movable block, a connecting ring, and a connecting rod. The first movable block and the second movable block are respectively fixed to the inner top of the laser body and the bottom of the connecting ring. The spring is connected in series with multiple refraction plates. The connecting ring is connected to the reciprocating motion drive component through the connecting rod. The refraction plates are high-transmittance laser refraction lenses, and there are multiple refraction plates that are evenly distributed circumferentially.

[0019] Preferably, the other end of the wire is connected to the inner wall of the external rotating toothed sleeve, and the curvature radius and focal length of the liquid convex lens can be adjusted by rotating and pulling.

[0020] Preferably, the number of pulleys corresponds to the number of guide wires, and the force used to change the rotation is a pulling force in all directions. The groove is provided with a wear-resistant coating.

[0021] Preferably, the slide rail of the external rotating gear sleeve is adapted to the limiting component of the interlayer moving slide sleeve to realize the transmission of rotational force.

[0022] Preferably, the reciprocating motion drive component includes a first motor, a receiving rod, a first movable rod, and a second movable rod. The output end of the first motor is connected to the receiving rod. The receiving rod, the first movable rod, and the second movable rod are hinged in sequence. The first movable rod and the second movable rod are respectively hinged to the connecting rod and the connecting block.

[0023] Preferably, the rotary adjustment drive includes a second motor and a gear, the output end of the second motor is connected to the gear, and the gear and the gear ring are meshed involutely.

[0024] Preferably, the first motor and the second motor are servo motors or stepper motors, electrically connected to an external control system, and respectively drive the variable focusing component to move axially and rotate around the laser axis.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0026] 1. In this invention, the laser body is driven smoothly to approach or move away from the mold by a moving mechanism (linear module) supported by a receiving frame, flexibly adapting to different processing distances without frequent mold position adjustments. The inner protective mirror of the laser body (high-transmittance laser glass, transmittance ≥95%) effectively filters stray laser light, preventing stray light from interfering with weld point positioning and ensuring spot welding accuracy. The refractive component reflects the diffused light spot to the refractive plate through the refractive ring, and then guides it to the variable focusing component, reducing laser energy waste. It can also adjust the angle of the refractive plate in conjunction with the driving component to ensure that the diffused light is always aligned with the focusing component, further improving energy utilization. The liquid convex lens of the variable focusing component is high-temperature resistant and suitable for processing high-temperature environments. The external rotating toothed sleeve pulls the wire and pulleys to convert the rotational force into a uniform pulling force. The curvature radius of the convex lens can be precisely adjusted to change the focal length, meeting the needs of different weld point sizes. The built-in limiting sleeve groove and the limiting component of the interlayer moving sleeve cooperate with the pulley to not only guide and limit the component, but also reduce sliding wear, ensure transmission stability, and extend the component life. The reciprocating moving drive component and the rotating adjusting drive component (involute meshing, servo motor) can synchronously adjust the focusing distance and refraction angle, and can also fine adjust the radial angle of the focusing component. It has a high degree of automation and can process weld points in different positions without moving the mold, improving processing efficiency. The whole system achieves precise laser focusing and efficiently meets the high-precision spot welding needs of hardware molds.

[0027] 2. In this invention, the moving mechanism adopts a ball screw slide, which is more precise than conventional structure transmission and can drive the laser body to move smoothly. It is suitable for processing distances of molds of different specifications. The refraction component is connected to the refraction plate by springs and combined with the first and second movable blocks for limiting. The angle of the refraction plate can be flexibly adjusted to avoid damage to the lens by rigid adjustment. It can also guide light precisely. The pulley of the interlayer moving slide sleeve is matched with the built-in limiting sleeve slide groove, and the limiting part is matched with the external rotating toothed sleeve slide rail to ensure stable transmission. The reciprocating moving drive component is linked to adjust the angle of the refraction plate, and the rotating adjustment drive component is used to fine adjust the angle of the focusing component, further improving the laser guidance and focusing accuracy, and finally realizing the precise spot welding of the hardware mold.

[0028] 3. In this invention, the sliding groove of the built-in limiting sleeve is coated with a wear-resistant coating, which can significantly reduce the sliding wear between the wire and the sliding groove and extend the service life of the component. This is a durability optimization that was not mentioned in the previous invention. The number of pulleys of the interlayer moving sliding sleeve corresponds to the number of wires, which can convert the rotational force of the external rotating toothed sleeve into a uniform pulling force in all directions. This avoids uneven deformation of the liquid convex lens due to force on one side and ensures the accuracy of focus adjustment. The external rotating toothed sleeve is adapted to the limiting component through the sliding rail, which not only realizes the stable transmission of rotational force, but also drives the variable focusing component to synchronously fine adjust the angle. Combined with the stray light filtering of the protective lens, it further improves the laser focusing and action accuracy and efficiently completes the spot welding of hardware molds. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a laser spot welding device for metal mold processing proposed in this invention.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the receiving frame of a laser spot welding device for hardware mold processing proposed in this invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the laser body of a laser spot welding device for metal mold processing proposed in this invention;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the laser body and refraction component of a laser spot welding device for metal mold processing proposed in this invention;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the refractive component of a laser spot welding device for metal mold processing proposed in this invention;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the refractive ring of a laser spot welding device for metal mold processing proposed in this invention;

[0035] Figure 7This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the laser body, variable focusing component, built-in limiting sleeve, interlayer moving sliding sleeve, and external rotating gear sleeve of a laser spot welding device for metal mold processing proposed in this invention.

[0036] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a variable focusing component of a laser spot welding device for metal mold processing proposed in this invention;

[0037] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the built-in limiting sleeve, the interlayer moving sliding sleeve, and the external rotating gear sleeve of a laser spot welding device for metal mold processing proposed in this invention.

[0038] Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the interlayer moving sliding sleeve and the external rotating gear sleeve of a laser spot welding device for hardware mold processing proposed in this invention.

[0039] Figure 11 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of the internal structure of the interlayer moving slide sleeve of a laser spot welding device for hardware mold processing proposed in this invention;

[0040] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the reciprocating motion drive and the rotary adjustment drive of a laser spot welding device for metal mold processing proposed in this invention.

[0041] Legend: 1. Receiving frame; 101. Moving mechanism; 2. Laser body; 201. Laser spotlight; 202. Limiting groove; 203. Protective mirror; 3. Refraction assembly; 301. Refraction plate; 302. Spring; 303. First movable block; 304. Second movable block; 305. Connecting ring; 306. Connecting rod; 307. Refraction ring body; 4. Variable focusing assembly; 401. Liquid convex lens; 402. Fixing ring; 403. Connecting... 404. Wire; 5. Built-in limiting sleeve; 501. Slide groove; 6. Interlayer moving slide sleeve; 601. Pulley; 602. Limiting component; 603. Support plate; 7. External rotating gear sleeve; 701. Gear ring; 702. Slide rail; 8. Reciprocating moving drive component; 801. First motor; 802. Receiving rod; 803. First movable rod; 804. Second movable rod; 9. Rotary adjustment drive component; 901. Second motor; 902. Gear. Detailed Implementation

[0042] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in these embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0043] Numerous specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways than those described herein, and therefore the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed in the following specification.

[0044] Example 1: Refer to Figure 1 - Figure 12 As shown: A laser spot welding device for metal mold processing includes a receiving frame 1, on which a moving mechanism 101 is provided. A laser body 2 is mounted on the moving end of the moving mechanism 101. Inside, along the laser emission direction, a laser spotlight 201 and a protective mirror 203 are provided. A limiting groove 202 is opened on the inner side wall. A refraction component 3 is set corresponding to the emission end of the laser spotlight 201, including a refraction ring 307 and a refraction plate 301. The refraction ring 307 is connected to the end of the laser body 2. The refraction plate 301 is located inside the refraction ring 307. A variable focusing component 4 is set corresponding to the refraction direction of the refraction component 3, including a fixing ring 402 and a liquid convex lens 401 encapsulated therein. A connecting block 403 and a wire 404 are provided on the outside of the fixing ring 402. An internal limiting sleeve 5 is sleeved inside the laser body 2. Its bottom is fixed to the laser body 2, and a sliding groove 501 is opened on the inner side wall. A sandwich movable sliding sleeve 6 is provided. Between the built-in limiting sleeve 5 and the laser body 2, an inner pulley 601 is provided and an outer limiting member 602 is provided. A support plate 603 is provided at the end of the limiting member 602. The pulley 601 is slidably engaged with the wire 404, and the limiting member 602 is slidably engaged with the limiting groove 202. It also rotates circumferentially and engages with the slide rail 702. An outer rotating toothed sleeve 7 is fitted on the outside of the laser body 2. A toothed ring 701 is provided on the outside, and slide rails 702 are provided at the upper and lower ends. A reciprocating motion drive 8 is provided on the outer wall of the laser body 2 to drive the interlayer moving slide sleeve 6 to move back and forth. A rotation adjustment drive 9 is provided on one side of the limiting member 602. Its output end meshes with the toothed ring 701 to drive the outer rotating toothed sleeve 7 to rotate. The laser passes through the liquid convex lens 401 and the protective mirror 203 in sequence. Its diffused light is reflected by the refraction ring 307 onto the refraction plate 301, and then reflected back to the liquid convex lens 401 for concentration, and then acts on the hardware mold.

[0045] In this embodiment, the receiving frame 1 serves as the overall support base. A moving mechanism 101 is fixedly installed on the receiving frame 1. This moving mechanism 101 is a linear module, and its moving end is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the laser body 2. It can drive the laser body 2 to move smoothly along the direction of approaching or moving away from the hardware mold to be spot welded, meeting different processing distance requirements. Inside the laser body 2, a laser spotlight 201 and a protective mirror 203 are sequentially assembled along the laser emission direction. The protective mirror 203 is made of high-transparency laser glass with a light transmittance ≥95%, which can filter stray light in the laser and avoid interfering with the spot welding accuracy. At the same time, a limiting groove 202 extending along its axial direction is opened on the inner side wall of the laser body 2 for guiding and limiting subsequent components. A corresponding laser emission end of the laser spotlight 201 is provided. The system includes a refractive assembly 3, which comprises a refractive ring 307 fixedly connected to the center of the laser body 2, and multiple high-transmittance laser refractive plates 301 evenly distributed on the upper side of the refractive ring 307. The refractive ring 307 assists in reflecting the laser. Because the laser beam becomes larger over longer distances, resulting in wasted light and inaccurate welding precision, the outer ring beam is reflected onto the surface of the refractive ring 307 and then refracted back to the surface of the upper refractive plates 301. The refractive assembly 3 can then adjust the laser beam to be reflected into the variable focusing assembly 4. The core of the variable focusing assembly 4 is a liquid convex lens 401 sealed inside a fixed ring 402, which is made of a high-temperature resistant refractive liquid. 2. An integrally formed connecting block 403 is formed on the outer wall, and a wire 404 is also connected to it. The wire 404 is connected to the inner wall of the external rotating gear sleeve 7. The curvature radius of the liquid convex lens 401 can be adjusted by the external rotating gear sleeve 7, thereby changing its focusing focal length. An internal limiting sleeve 5 is fitted inside the laser body 2. The inner side wall of the internal limiting sleeve 5 has an axially extending sliding groove 501 for limiting the movement of the wire 404. An interlayer moving sliding sleeve 6 is provided between the internal limiting sleeve 5 and the external rotating gear sleeve 7. The inner side wall of the interlayer moving sliding sleeve 6 is equipped with a number of pulleys 601 corresponding to the wire 404. A limiting member 602 is fixed on the outer wall. A support plate 603 is welded to the end of the limiting member 602. The support plate 603 is connected to the second motor 9 of the rotary adjustment drive member 9. 01 are mutually fixed. The pulley 601 and the wire 404 are in sliding engagement. When the rotation adjustment drive 9 drives the external rotating gear sleeve 7, the wire 404 is pulled by rotation. The pulley 601 transforms the circumferential rotational force into a pulling force in all directions, thus adjusting the liquid convex lens 401. The circumferential surface of the limiting member 602 is in sliding engagement with the limiting groove 202 of the laser body 2, and the end face is in circumferential rotational engagement with the slide rails 702 at the upper and lower ends of the external rotating gear sleeve 7. Driven by the reciprocating movement drive 8, the interlayer moving slide sleeve 6 slides up and down in the limiting groove 202 of the laser body 2, thereby also driving the external rotating gear sleeve 7 to move accordingly. The external rotating gear sleeve 7 is coaxially sleeved on the outside of the clamping laser body 2, and its outer wall is machined with a toothed ring 701.A reciprocating drive component 8 is fixed to the outer wall of the laser body 2. This drive component includes a servo motor, a receiving rod 802, a first movable rod 803, and a second movable rod 804. The output end of the first motor 801 is connected to the receiving rod 802. The receiving rod 802, the first movable rod 803, and the second movable rod 804 are hinged in sequence. The second movable rod 804 is hinged to the limiting member 602 of the interlayer moving slide sleeve 6, which can drive the interlayer moving slide sleeve 6 to reciprocate along the slide groove 501. The first movable rod 803 is hinged to the connecting rod 306 of the refraction component 3. A rotation adjustment drive component 9 is installed on one side of another limiting member 602. It includes a second motor 901 and a gear 902. The output end of the second motor 901 is keyed to the gear 902. The gear 902 meshes with the gear ring 701 of the external rotating gear sleeve 7 involute, which can drive the external rotating gear sleeve 7 to rotate. In actual operation, after the device is started, the moving mechanism 101 drives the laser body 2. Moved to the designated position, the laser spotlight 201 emits a laser beam. The diffused light is first reflected by the refractive ring 307 to the refractive plate 301, and then refracted by the refractive plate 301 to the liquid convex lens 401. The main beam directly hits the liquid convex lens 401, which, under the adjustment of the guide wire 404, concentrates the laser. Simultaneously, the reciprocating drive 8 moves the interlayer sliding sleeve 6 and the variable focusing component 4 axially to adjust the focusing distance. Based on the distance to the liquid convex lens 401, the angle of the reciprocating drive 8 is changed to ensure the diffused light always hits the liquid convex lens 401. The rotational adjustment drive 9 rotates the external rotating gear sleeve 7, which, through the slide rail 702, rotates the interlayer sliding sleeve 6 and the variable focusing component 4 around the laser axis to adjust the radial angle. After being filtered by the protective lens 203, the finally focused laser precisely acts on the metal mold to complete the spot welding process.

[0046] Example 2: According to Figure 4 - Figure 6 As shown: The moving mechanism 101 on the receiving frame 1 is a ball screw slide, the moving end of which is fixed to the laser body 2, driving the laser body 2 to move along the direction of approaching and moving away from the hardware mold. The protective lens 203 of the laser body 2 is a high-transmittance laser glass with a light transmittance of ≥95%, used to filter stray light. The refraction component 3 also includes a spring 302, a first movable block 303, a second movable block 304, a connecting ring 305, and a connecting rod 306. The first movable block 303 and the second movable block 304 are respectively fixed to the inner top of the laser body 2 and the bottom of the connecting ring 305. The spring 302 is connected in series with multiple refraction plates 301. The connecting ring 305 is connected to the reciprocating moving drive component 8 through the connecting rod 306. The refraction plates 301 are high-transmittance laser refraction lenses, and there are multiple of them, which are evenly distributed circumferentially.

[0047] In this embodiment, the receiving frame 1 serves as the overall support, and the moving mechanism 101 fixedly installed on the receiving frame 1 is a ball screw slide. Its moving end is firmly connected to the outer wall of the laser body 2. Through the precise transmission of the ball screw, the laser body 2 can be driven to move smoothly along the direction of approaching or moving away from the hardware mold to be spot welded, flexibly adapting to the processing distance requirements of different mold specifications. Inside the laser body 2, a laser spotlight 201 and a protective mirror 203 are sequentially assembled along the laser emission path. The protective mirror 203 is made of high-transparency laser glass material, which can efficiently... To filter stray light from the laser and prevent it from interfering with weld point positioning, thus ensuring welding accuracy, the laser spotlight 201 has a corresponding refraction component 3 at its laser emission end. In this component, a first movable block 303 is fixed to the inner top of the laser body 2, and a second movable block 304 is fixed to the bottom of the connecting ring 305. Springs 302 are connected in series with multiple high-transmittance laser refraction lenses (i.e., refraction plates 301), and each refraction plate 301 is evenly distributed along the circumference. The connecting ring 305 is connected to the reciprocating drive component 8 via a connecting rod 306. The laser body 2 is located outside... The side sleeve is equipped with an inner limiting sleeve 5 with a sliding groove 501 on the inner side wall. Between the inner limiting sleeve 5 and an outer rotating toothed sleeve 7 with a toothed ring 701 on the outer side wall and a sliding rail 702 on the inner side wall, there is a sandwich movable sliding sleeve 6. The pulley 601 on the inner side wall of the sandwich movable sliding sleeve 6 slides in engagement with the sliding groove 501. The limiting member 602 on the outer side wall is adapted to the sliding rail 702. The end support plate 603 is fixed to the variable focusing assembly 4 containing a liquid convex lens 401. During operation, the moving mechanism 101 drives the laser body 2 to move to the designated position, and the laser spotlight 201... The laser beam is emitted and first filtered by the protective lens 203 to remove stray light. The reciprocating drive component 8 moves the connecting ring 305 via the connecting rod 306. In conjunction with the cooperation of the first movable block 303, the second movable block 304 and the spring 302, the angles of each refractive plate 301 are adjusted to precisely guide the laser to the variable focusing component 4. After the liquid convex lens 401 focuses the laser, the external rotating gear sleeve 7 is driven by the rotation adjustment drive component 9 (second motor 901, gear 902) to finely adjust the angle. Finally, the focused laser acts on the metal mold to complete the precise spot welding.

[0048] Example 3: According to Figure 7 - Figure 11As shown: The other end of the wire 404 is connected to the inner wall of the external rotating gear sleeve 7. The radius of curvature and focal length of the liquid convex lens 401 can be adjusted by rotation and pulling. The number of pulleys 601 corresponds to the wire 404, used to change the rotational force to a pulling force in all directions. The slide groove 501 is provided with a wear-resistant coating. The slide rail 702 of the external rotating gear sleeve 7 is adapted to the limiting part 602 of the interlayer moving slide sleeve 6 to realize the transmission of rotational force (wherein the radius of curvature and focal length of the liquid convex lens 401 can be adjusted by rotation and pulling, and the outer encapsulation layer of the liquid convex lens 401 is made of polyimide PI, a flexible material with high light transmittance, tensile strength and high temperature resistance). The thin film contains a high-refractive-index, high-temperature resistant, and chemically stable optical liquid, silicon-based optical silicone oil. The fixing ring 402 connected to the outside of the liquid convex lens 401 is a highly elastic thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer rubber ring. The liquid inside the liquid convex lens 401 is in a full state. When the external rotating toothed sleeve 7 pulls the flexible encapsulation layer through the wire 404, the encapsulation layer will elastically stretch along the pulling direction. The pulley 601 converts the rotational force into a uniform radial pulling force to avoid excessive local deformation. Since the liquid cannot be compressed, the stretching of the encapsulation layer will increase the surface curvature radius of the liquid convex lens 401. For example, it will be pulled more gently from the convex surface, i.e., flattened. According to optical principles, the larger the curvature radius of the convex lens, the longer the focal length. Conversely, when the pull is released, the encapsulation layer rebounds, the curvature radius decreases, and the focal length shortens, thereby achieving focal length adjustment.

[0049] In this embodiment, the receiving frame 1 serves as the supporting base. The moving end of the moving mechanism 101 (using a ball screw slide) on the receiving frame 1 is fixed to the laser body 2, which can drive the laser body 2 to move smoothly along the direction of approaching or moving away from the hardware mold to meet the needs of different processing positions. The laser body 2 is equipped with a laser spotlight 201 and a high-transparency laser glass protective mirror 203. The protective mirror 203 can filter stray laser light to ensure spot welding accuracy. An internal limiting sleeve 5 is sleeved on the outside of the laser body 2. The slide groove 501 on its inner side wall is provided with a wear-resistant coating to reduce wear. An interlayer moving slide sleeve 6 is provided between the internal limiting sleeve 5 and the external rotating gear sleeve 7. The slide rail 702 on the inner side wall of the external rotating gear sleeve 7 is adapted to the limiting member 602 on the outer side wall of the interlayer moving slide sleeve 6 to achieve stable transmission of rotational force. The liquid convex lens 401 of the variable focusing component 4 is sealed and encapsulated in a solid state. Inside the fixed ring 402, the other end of the wire 404 connected to the fixed ring 402 is fixed to the inner wall of the outer rotating gear sleeve 7. The inner side wall of the interlayer moving slide sleeve 6 is equipped with pulleys 601 corresponding to the number of wires 404. The pulleys 601 can convert the force generated by the rotation of the outer rotating gear sleeve 7 into a pulling force in all directions. During operation, the moving mechanism 101 drives the laser body 2 to move to the designated position. The laser spotlight 201 emits laser light. After the stray light is filtered by the protective lens 203, the outer rotating gear sleeve 7 is started to rotate. It pulls the fixed ring 402 through the wire 404. At the same time, the pulleys 601 convert the rotational force into a pulling force in all directions. The curvature radius of the liquid convex lens 401 is adjusted to change the focal length. The outer rotating gear sleeve 7 also drives the interlayer moving slide sleeve 6 and the variable focusing component 4 to finely adjust the angle through the slide rail 702. Finally, the focused laser precisely acts on the metal mold to complete the spot welding process.

[0050] Example 3: According to Figure 12 As shown: The reciprocating motion drive component 8 includes a first motor 801, a receiving rod 802, a first movable rod 803, and a second movable rod 804. The output end of the first motor 801 is connected to the receiving rod 802. The receiving rod 802, the first movable rod 803, and the second movable rod 804 are hinged in sequence. The first movable rod 803 and the second movable rod 804 are respectively hinged to the connecting rod 306 and the connecting block 403. The rotation adjustment drive component 9 includes a second motor 901 and a gear 902. The output end of the second motor 901 is connected to the gear 902. The gear 902 and the gear ring 701 are involute meshed. The first motor 801 and the second motor 901 are servo or stepper motors, electrically connected to an external control system, and respectively drive the variable focusing component 4 to move axially and rotate around the laser axis.

[0051] In this embodiment, the receiving frame 1 serves as the supporting base. The moving end of the moving mechanism 101 (such as a ball screw slide) on the receiving frame 1 is fixed to the laser body 2, which can drive the laser body 2 to move closer to or away from the hardware mold. The laser body 2 is equipped with a laser spotlight 201 and a high-transparency laser glass protective mirror 203 to filter stray light. An internal limiting sleeve 5 with a sliding groove 501 is sleeved on the outside of the laser body 2. Between the sleeve 5 and the external rotating toothed sleeve 7 with a toothed ring 701 on the outside and a slide rail 702 on the inside, there is a sandwich moving slide sleeve 6. The limiting part 602 on the outside of the sandwich moving slide sleeve 6 is adapted to the slide rail 702. The end support plate 603 is connected to the variable focusing assembly 4 (including the fixing ring 402 of the sealed liquid convex lens 401 and the connecting block 403). In the core drive structure of the device, the reciprocating moving drive component 8 includes a first motor 801 (servo or stepper motor), a receiving rod 802, a first movable rod 803, and a second movable rod 804. The output end of the first motor 801 is connected to the receiving rod 802, and the three are hinged in sequence. The first movable rod 803 is connected to the connecting rod 306 of the refraction component 3, and the second movable rod 804 is connected to the connecting block 403. The rotation adjustment drive component 9 includes the second motor 901 (servo or stepper motor) and the gear 902. The output end of the second motor 901 is connected to the gear 902. The gear 902 meshes with the involute gear ring 701. Both motors are connected to the external control system. When working, the moving mechanism 101 brings the laser body 2 into place. The laser spotlight 201 emits laser light, which is filtered by the protective lens 203. The first motor 801 drives the receiving rod 802 to rotate. The angle is adjusted by the refraction component 3 through the movable rod, and the variable focusing component 4 moves axially. The second motor 901 drives the gear 902 to drive the external rotating gear sleeve 7 to rotate. The slide rail 702 carries the interlayer moving slide sleeve 6 and the focusing component to rotate around the laser axis. Finally, the focused laser acts on the hardware mold to complete the spot welding.

[0052] Working Principle: This device uses the receiving frame 1 as the overall support foundation. Its core advantage lies in the high efficiency and high precision of laser spot welding achieved through precise linkage of various components. The specific linkage principle and benefits are as follows: The moving mechanism 101 fixedly installed on the receiving frame 1 uses a ball screw slide (integrating the stability of the linear module with the precise transmission characteristics of the ball screw). Its moving end is firmly connected to the outer wall of the laser body 2. During operation, the laser body 2 can be driven by the helical transmission of the ball screw to move smoothly towards or away from the metal mold to be spot welded. Compared with ordinary sliding structures, the ball screw slide has smaller transmission gaps and higher positioning accuracy, and can flexibly adapt to the processing distance requirements of different specifications of metal molds, avoiding the problem of weld point offset caused by processing distance deviation. The laser body 2, as the core component for laser emission and preliminary optical path processing, has a laser spotlight 201 and a protective mirror 203 sequentially assembled along the laser emission path inside. The protective mirror 203 is made of high-transmittance laser glass with a light transmittance of ≥95%, which can efficiently filter stray light in the laser (such as infrared clutter and scattered light accompanying laser emission), preventing stray light from interfering with the welding point positioning and ensuring welding accuracy from the source of the optical path. At the same time, a limiting groove 202 extending axially is opened on the inner side wall of the laser body 2. This limiting groove 202 provides guidance for the subsequent sliding of the interlayer moving sleeve 6, preventing radial displacement during the movement of the sleeve and further improving the stability of the overall structure. A refraction component 3 is provided at the laser emission end corresponding to the laser spotlight 201. This component is used to solve the problem of laser distance... The key to solving the problem of light spot diffusion during distance propagation includes a refractive ring 307 fixedly connected to the center of the laser body 2, multiple high-transmittance laser refractive plates 301 evenly distributed along the circumference, and a first movable block 303, a second movable block 304, a connecting ring 305, a spring 302, and a connecting rod 306 for angle adjustment. The first movable block 303 is fixed to the top of the laser body 2, the second movable block 304 is fixed to the bottom of the connecting ring 305, and the springs 302 are connected in series with each refractive plate 301 (utilizing the elastic deformation of the springs 302 to achieve flexible adjustment of the angle of the refractive plates 301, avoiding lens damage caused by rigid adjustment). The connecting ring 305 is connected to the reciprocating drive 8 via the connecting rod 306. When the laser light travels from the laser spotlight 2... After 01 emission, if the propagation distance is long, light spot diffusion is likely to occur (leading to wasted light and decreased welding precision). In this case, the diffused outer light spot will first be reflected onto the surface of the refractive ring 307, and then reflected by the refractive ring 307 to the upper refractive plate 301. The refractive plate 301 then guides the light to the variable focusing component 4. (That is, after the laser is emitted from the laser spotlight 201, the resulting peripheral diffused beam will first be directed towards the refractive ring 307, and reflected by it onto the circumferentially distributed refractive plates 301. After reflection by the refractive plates 301, it will be transformed into an inwardly converging pre-focused beam. The central main beam and the formed pre-focused beam converge at the entrance of the variable focusing component 4 and are incident together on the liquid convex lens 401. This makes the liquid convex lens 401 the core focusing element.)The combined beams are dynamically focused to form a high-energy-density focused spot. The beam then passes through the protective lens 203 to filter stray light and finally acts precisely on the surface of the metal mold workpiece. At the same time, the reciprocating drive component 8 can drive the connecting ring 305 to move through the connecting rod 306. Combined with the limiting of the first movable block 303 and the second movable block 304 and the elastic cooperation of the spring 302, the angle of each refractive plate 301 is adjusted in real time to ensure that no matter how the variable focusing component 4 moves, the diffused light can always accurately hit the variable focusing component 4, which greatly reduces laser energy loss and improves energy utilization. The variable focusing component 4 is the core of achieving precise laser focusing. Its core component is a high-temperature resistant refractive material sealed inside the fixed ring 402. The liquid convex lens 401 (its high-temperature resistance is suitable for the high-temperature environment during spot welding of metal molds, preventing the liquid from deteriorating due to high temperature and affecting the focusing effect) has a connecting block 403 integrally formed on the outer wall of the fixing ring 402 (for connecting with the interlayer moving sliding sleeve 6), and is also connected to a wire 404. The other end of the wire 404 is fixed to the inner wall of the external rotating gear sleeve 7. In order to achieve flexible adjustment of the focal length of the liquid convex lens 401, the device pulls the wire 404 by rotating the external rotating gear sleeve 7. At the same time, the laser body 2 is fitted with an internal limiting sleeve 5 on the outer side, and its inner side wall has a sliding groove 501 extending axially (the sliding groove 501 is coated with a wear-resistant coating to reduce the sliding wear between the wire 404 and the sliding groove 501 and extend the service life of the component). The internal limiting sleeve 5 and the external rotating gear sleeve 6 are connected to the internal limiting sleeve 404. A sliding sleeve 6 is provided between the rotating gear sleeves 7. The inner wall of the sliding sleeve 6 is fitted with pulleys 601 corresponding to the number of wires 404. The pulleys 601 slide in contact with the wires 404. When the outer rotating gear sleeve 7 rotates, it generates a circumferential pulling force on the fixed ring 402 through the wires 404. The pulleys 601 convert this circumferential rotational force into a uniform pulling force, preventing uneven deformation of the liquid convex lens 401 due to unilateral force on the wires 404. This allows for precise adjustment of the curvature radius of the liquid convex lens 401, thereby changing its focusing focal length to adapt to the processing requirements of different solder joint sizes (e.g., small focal length for fine solder joints, large focal length for wide solder joints). The sliding sleeve 6 serves as a key transmission mechanism connecting the inner limiting sleeve 5 and the outer rotating gear sleeve 7. The moving component has a limiting member 602 fixed to its outer wall. The circumferential surface of the limiting member 602 slides in conjunction with the limiting groove 202 of the laser body 2 (to guide axial movement), and its end face rotates in conjunction with the slide rails 702 at the upper and lower ends of the external rotating gear sleeve 7 (to transmit rotational force). The support plate 603 welded to the end is not only fixed to the connecting block 403 of the variable focusing component 4 (to drive the focusing component to move synchronously), but also fixed to the second motor 901 of the rotary adjustment drive component 9. This double connection structure ensures that the interlayer moving slide sleeve 6 can rotate with the external rotating gear sleeve 7 and move smoothly along the axial direction, avoiding transmission disengagement. The drive system of the device consists of a reciprocating moving drive component 8 and a rotary adjustment drive component 9, both of which are electrically connected to the external control system.Automated adjustment is achieved: The reciprocating motion drive component 8 includes a first motor 801 (selected as a servo or stepper motor, with precise speed and angle control capability), a receiving rod 802, a first movable rod 803, and a second movable rod 804. The output end of the first motor 801 is connected to the receiving rod 802. The receiving rod 802, the first movable rod 803, and the second movable rod 804 are hinged sequentially. The first movable rod 803 is hinged to the connecting rod 306 of the refraction component 3, and the second movable rod 804 is hinged to the limiting member 602 of the interlayer moving sleeve 6. During operation, the first motor 801 drives the receiving rod 802 to rotate. Through the linkage of the first and second movable rods, the interlayer moving sleeve 6 is driven to reciprocate along the slide groove 501 of the built-in limiting sleeve 5, thereby driving... The variable focusing component 4 moves axially to adjust the focusing distance, and on the other hand, it drives the connecting ring 305 of the refraction component 3 to move, synchronously adjusting the angle of the refraction plate 301 to ensure that the optical path is always accurately aligned. Compared with the traditional separate adjustment structure, this synchronous linkage can significantly shorten the adjustment time and improve the processing efficiency. The rotary adjustment drive component 9 includes a second motor 901 (also a servo or stepper motor) and a gear 902. The output end of the second motor 901 is keyed to the gear 902. The gear 902 and the gear ring 701 on the outer side wall of the external rotating gear sleeve 7 are involute meshed (the meshing transmission ratio of the involute gear 902 is stable and there is no impact vibration. Compared with the spur gear 902, it can reduce tooth surface wear and improve transmission accuracy). During operation, the second motor 901 drives the gear 902 to move. The rotating gear 902 rotates, and through the meshing of the gear 902 and the gear ring 701, it drives the external rotating gear sleeve 7 to rotate. The external rotating gear sleeve 7 then drives the interlayer moving slide sleeve 6 to rotate through the slide rail 702, and finally drives the variable focusing component 4 to rotate around the laser axis, realizing the fine adjustment of the laser focusing radial angle. It can accurately handle the processing of welding points at different positions on the hardware mold (such as welding points at the edge of the mold and in the deep cavity), without moving the mold body, reducing the complexity of operation. In actual operation, the complete linkage process of the device is as follows: after the device is started, the external control system first controls the ball screw slide of the moving mechanism 101 to move, driving the laser body 2 to the designated processing position corresponding to the hardware mold. Then the laser spotlight 201 emits laser light, which first passes through the protective lens 203. Stray light is filtered out, and the main light beam is directly directed to the liquid convex lens 401 of the variable focusing assembly 4. The diffused light beam is reflected by the refractive ring 307 to the refractive plate 301, and then guided by the refractive plate 301 to the liquid convex lens 401. At the same time, the external control system controls the first motor 801 of the reciprocating moving drive 8 to run according to the processing requirements. Through the linkage of the movable rod, the interlayer moving sleeve 6 and the variable focusing assembly 4 are moved axially to adjust the focusing distance. At the same time, the refractive assembly 3 is linked to adjust the angle of the refractive plate 301 to ensure that the diffused light beam is always aligned with the liquid convex lens 401. If it is necessary to adjust the radial angle of the solder joint, the control system controls the second motor 901 of the rotary adjustment drive 9 to run. Through the meshing of the gear 902 and the gear ring 701, the external rotating gear sleeve 7 is rotated.This, in turn, drives the variable focusing component 4 to rotate around the laser axis, achieving fine-tuning of the angle. Finally, the liquid convex lens 401 precisely focuses the laser onto the welding point of the metal mold, completing the spot welding process. Overall, this device, through the close linkage of its components, achieves precise adjustment of processing distance, optical path angle, focusing focal length, and radial angle across all dimensions. It also boasts a high degree of automation, low energy consumption, and durable components, effectively meeting the high-precision spot welding requirements of metal molds of different specifications.

[0053] By following the instructions above, you can complete the use of the laser spot welding device for metal mold processing.

[0054] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any other way. Any person skilled in the art may make changes or modifications to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments for application in other fields. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser spot welding device for processing hardware molds, characterized in that: include: A receiving frame (1) is provided with a moving mechanism (101). The laser body (2) is mounted on the moving end of the moving mechanism (101). Inside, a laser spotlight (201) and a protective mirror (203) are provided along the laser emission direction. A limiting groove (202) is opened on the inner side wall. The refraction component (3) is provided at the emission end of the laser spotlight (201), including a refraction ring (307) and a refraction plate (301). The refraction ring (307) is connected to the end of the laser body (2), and the refraction plate (301) is located inside the refraction ring (307). The variable focusing component (4) is set in the refraction direction corresponding to the refraction component (3). The refraction component (3) is used to receive and collect the diffused beam generated during laser propagation, and reflect and pre-focus it to the incident end of the variable focusing component (4). The variable focusing component (4) includes a fixed ring (402) and a liquid convex lens (401) encapsulated therein. A connecting block (403) and a wire (404) are provided on the outside of the fixed ring (402). The variable focusing component (4) is used to receive the main beam from the laser spotlight (201) and the pre-focused beam from the refraction component (3), and achieves dynamic focusing of the converging beam by adjusting the curvature of the liquid convex lens (401). The laser light passes through the liquid convex lens (401) and the protective lens (203) in sequence. The diffused light is reflected by the refractive ring (307) onto the refractive plate (301), and then reflected back to the liquid convex lens (401) for concentration, and then acts on the metal mold. The laser body (2) is fitted with a built-in limiting sleeve (5), the bottom of which is fixed to the laser body (2), and the inner sidewall has a sliding groove (501). A sandwich movable sliding sleeve (6) is installed between the built-in limiting sleeve (5) and the laser body (2). The sandwich movable sliding sleeve (6) has a pulley (601) on the inner side and a limiting member (602) on the outer side. A support plate (603) is provided at the end of the limiting member (602). The pulley (601) is slidably engaged with the wire (404), and the limiting member (602) is slidably engaged with the limiting groove (202). The limiting member (602) rotates circumferentially and engages with the slide rail (702). An external rotating toothed sleeve (7) is installed on the outside of the laser body (2). A toothed ring (701) is provided on the outside of the external rotating toothed sleeve (7). Slide rails (702) are provided at the upper and lower ends of the external rotating toothed sleeve (7). The outer wall of the laser body (2) is provided with a reciprocating moving drive (8), which is used to drive the interlayer moving slide (6) to move back and forth; A rotary adjustment drive (9) is installed on one side of the limiting member (602), and the output end of the rotary adjustment drive (9) meshes with the toothed ring (701) to drive the external rotary toothed sleeve (7) to rotate. The moving mechanism (101) on the receiving frame (1) is a ball screw slide. The moving end of the ball screw slide is fixed to the laser body (2) and drives the laser body (2) to move in the direction of approaching and moving away from the hardware mold. The refraction assembly (3) also includes a spring (302), a first movable block (303), a second movable block (304), a connecting ring (305), and a connecting rod (306). The first movable block (303) and the second movable block (304) are respectively fixed to the inner top of the laser body (2) and the bottom of the connecting ring (305). The spring (302) is connected in series with multiple refraction plates (301). The connecting ring (305) is connected to the reciprocating drive component (8) through the connecting rod (306). The refraction plates (301) are high-transmittance laser refraction lenses, and there are multiple of them, which are evenly distributed in the circumference. The reciprocating motion drive (8) includes a first motor (801), a receiving rod (802), a first movable rod (803), and a second movable rod (804). The output end of the first motor (801) is connected to the receiving rod (802). The two ends of the receiving rod (802) are respectively hinged to the first movable rod (803) and the second movable rod (804). The first movable rod (803) and the second movable rod (804) are respectively hinged to the connecting rod (306) and the limiting member (602).

2. The laser spot welding device for metal mold processing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protective lens (203) of the laser body (2) is made of high-transparency laser glass, which is used to filter stray light.

3. The laser spot welding device for metal mold processing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The other end of the wire (404) is connected to the inner wall of the external rotating toothed sleeve (7), and the radius of curvature and focal length of the liquid convex lens (401) can be adjusted by rotating and pulling.

4. The laser spot welding device for metal mold processing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of pulleys (601) corresponds to the number of wires (404), which are used to change the rotational force to a pulling force in all directions. The groove (501) is provided with a wear-resistant coating.

5. The laser spot welding device for metal mold processing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slide rail (702) of the external rotating toothed sleeve (7) is adapted to the limiting member (602) of the interlayer moving slide sleeve (6) to realize the transmission of rotational force.

6. The laser spot welding device for metal mold processing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotary adjustment drive (9) includes a second motor (901) and a gear (902). The output end of the second motor (901) is connected to the gear (902), and the gear (902) and the gear ring (701) are engaged by an involute.

7. The laser spot welding device for metal mold processing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first motor (801) and the second motor (901) are servo or stepper motors, which are electrically connected to the external control system and drive the variable focusing component (4) to move axially and rotate around the laser axis, respectively.

Images