New energy automobile power and heat supply system and method integrating photovoltaic and photo-thermal functions

Abstract

The invention provides a new energy automobile power and heat supply system and method integrating photovoltaic and photo-thermal functions. The top of an automobile is used as a main body mounting platform; the perovskite photovoltaic power generation module comprises a five-layer composite structure including a high-light-transmission high-strength glass protection layer, a semitransparent perovskite photovoltaic power generation module layer, an optical regulation and control interlayer, a fluid heat transfer layer and a bottom high-light-transmission glass heat insulation layer from top to bottom. And a fluid heat transfer layer is constructed between the optical regulation and control interlayer and the bottom high-light-transmittance glass heat insulation layer, is a flattened water circulation cavity and is provided with an intelligent temperature control water inlet and an adjustable flow outlet, so that a complete thermodynamic circulation system is formed. By integrating the photovoltaic photo-thermal function, efficient gradient utilization of solar energy is achieved, and the energy self-sufficient capacity of a new energy automobile is improved. The semitransparent perovskite assembly is adopted, the light transmittance can be dynamically adjusted, and power generation and privacy are both considered. And the intelligent energy management module optimizes energy distribution. The drinking water supply subsystem guarantees safety and achieves all-season water supply.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of energy supply technology for new energy vehicles, and in particular to a power supply and heating system and method for new energy vehicles that integrates photovoltaic and photothermal functions. Background Technology

[0002] With the transformation of the global energy structure and the advancement of carbon neutrality goals, the rapid development of new energy vehicles has become an important path to alleviate the energy crisis and environmental pollution. However, currently, new energy vehicles still mainly rely on external charging pile systems for energy replenishment, which suffers from problems such as low charging efficiency and uneven distribution of charging infrastructure, making it difficult to meet users' immediate energy needs in long-distance travel or remote areas. Meanwhile, in-vehicle hot water supply systems have been initially applied in some high-end RVs, with common technologies including electric heating and engine waste heat recovery. However, these methods generally suffer from high power consumption, low energy utilization efficiency, and insufficient drinking water safety, making them unsuitable for ordinary passenger cars and new energy vehicles with limited size and energy consumption. Furthermore, traditional in-vehicle hot water systems often fail to effectively utilize solar energy, ignoring the enormous potential of solar energy absorbed by the vehicle's surface area.

[0003] In recent years, with the development of perovskite photovoltaic technology, semi-transparent perovskite solar cells have gradually become the preferred material for building-integrated photovoltaics and mobile energy systems due to their high photoelectric conversion efficiency, adjustable transmittance, and good flexible processing performance. By further adding a photothermal conversion module to the photovoltaic module, which allows infrared light to pass through, the spectral frequency division and cascade utilization of solar energy can be achieved, significantly improving the overall energy efficiency of the system. Furthermore, given the high requirements for drinking water hygiene, safety, and antifreeze performance in vehicle environments, current technologies lack integrated, intelligent, and highly integrated photovoltaic-photothermal-drinking water system solutions, especially lacking a low-carbon solution that utilizes solar energy to provide hot water while ensuring drinking water safety. Existing systems generally suffer from functional fragmentation, heat waste, insufficient drinking water safety guarantees, and slow system response.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new energy vehicle integrated photovoltaic and solar thermal power supply and heating system with high structural integration, high energy utilization efficiency, strong drinking water safety, and good adaptability, so as to realize the integrated solution of photovoltaic power generation, solar thermal heating and drinking hot water functions, improve the energy self-sufficiency of new energy vehicles and user experience, and promote the evolution of green transportation towards intelligence and multi-functionality. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a power supply and heating system and method for new energy vehicles that integrates photovoltaic and solar thermal functions, aiming to solve the problems existing in the prior art of new energy vehicles in terms of energy replenishment and on-board hot water supply.

[0006] According to one objective of the present invention, the present invention provides a power supply and heating system for new energy vehicles that integrates photovoltaic and photothermal functions. The system uses the vehicle roof as the main mounting platform and comprises, from top to bottom, a five-layer composite structure consisting of a high-transmittance, high-strength glass protective layer, a semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaic power generation module layer, an optical control interlayer, a fluid heat transfer layer, and a bottom high-transmittance glass insulation layer. The fluid heat transfer layer is constructed between the optical control interlayer and the bottom high-transmittance glass insulation layer. The fluid heat transfer layer is a flattened water circulation cavity made of transparent composite material and has an intelligent temperature-controlled inlet and an adjustable flow outlet, forming a complete thermodynamic circulation system.

[0007] Furthermore, the semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaic power generation module layer is encapsulated with rigid glass on the roof, and the semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaic power generation module layer is encapsulated with flexible perovskite film in the window.

[0008] Furthermore, the water circulation cavity of the fluid heat transfer layer is made of transparent polycarbonate or tempered glass with a thickness of 5-10 mm, and the internal flow channel of the fluid heat transfer layer is a serpentine or microchannel structure optimized by CFD; the fluid heat transfer layer also includes a phase change heat storage unit, which is made of paraffin or molten salt with a heat storage density ≥200 kJ / kg.

[0009] Furthermore, it also includes an intelligent energy management module, which comprises a power management unit and a thermal management unit; the power management unit includes an MPPT controller and an energy storage system, which includes a solid-state lithium battery and a backup supercapacitor.

[0010] Furthermore, the thermal management unit includes a temperature sensor and an intelligent valve control. The temperature sensor monitors the water temperature in real time and adjusts the water pump flow rate, while the intelligent valve control can distribute hot water to drinking, heating, or heat dissipation paths.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes a drinking water supply subsystem, wherein the inner wall of the water storage chamber of the drinking water supply subsystem is made of food-grade stainless steel or high borosilicate glass, and the outer wall is made of a lightweight aluminum alloy frame and a polyurethane insulation layer.

[0012] Furthermore, the drinking water supply subsystem also includes a sterilization module, which is integrated into the top of the water tank.

[0013] Furthermore, the semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaic power generation module layer is connected to the vehicle body through conductive adhesive and waterproof sealing ring, and the water circulation pipeline adopts quick-release silicone hose.

[0014] According to another objective of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for powering and heating new energy vehicles by integrating photovoltaic and solar thermal functions, comprising the following steps: Spectral frequency division utilization: The semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaic power generation module absorbs 380-780nm visible light for photovoltaic power generation, and 780-2500nm near-infrared light is transmitted to the fluid heat transfer layer for photothermal conversion. Energy Distribution: The intelligent energy management module dynamically distributes electrical energy to the drive motor or energy storage system and thermal energy to the heating air, hot water supply or heat dissipation path based on the battery SOC, water temperature and solar radiation intensity.

[0015] Furthermore, the specific steps include: Photothermal heating: Using infrared light transmitted to the drinking water supply subsystem, the water temperature in the storage chamber is heated to 50~80℃; Antifreeze protection: When the ambient temperature is <5℃, the external electric heating film will automatically start to maintain the water temperature >0℃; Water intake control: The electric valve can be opened via a button inside the vehicle to output hot water at the set temperature, and the electric valve is equipped with a child lock.

[0016] This invention integrates photovoltaic and solar thermal functions to achieve highly efficient cascaded utilization of solar energy, with a comprehensive efficiency exceeding 80%, thus enhancing the energy self-sufficiency of new energy vehicles. It employs semi-transparent perovskite modules, allowing for dynamic adjustment of light transmittance while balancing power generation and privacy. An intelligent energy management module optimizes energy distribution. A drinking water supply subsystem ensures safety and provides year-round water supply. The system's modular design facilitates maintenance, adapts to various vehicle models, enhances adaptability to complex scenarios, and promotes the development of green transportation. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure during use in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the intelligent energy management module according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the drinking water supply subsystem according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] In the diagram: 1. High-transmittance, high-strength glass protective layer; 2. Semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaic power generation module layer; 3. Optical control interlayer; 4. Fluid heat transfer layer; 5. Bottom high-transmittance glass insulation layer; 6. Intelligent energy management module; 7. Drinking water supply subsystem. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting this invention.

[0022] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the stated features. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified. Furthermore, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly; for example, they may refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they may refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they may refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they may refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0023] Example 1 like Figures 1-4As shown, a new energy vehicle power supply and heating system integrating photovoltaic and photothermal functions is installed on the top of the vehicle as the main mounting platform. It adopts a five-layer composite structure from top to bottom, including a high-transmittance and high-strength glass protective layer 1, a semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaic power generation module layer 2, an optical control interlayer 3, a fluid heat transfer layer 4, and a bottom high-transmittance glass insulation layer 5. Among them, a flat water circulation cavity, namely the fluid heat transfer layer 4, is constructed between the optical control interlayer 3 and the bottom high-transmittance glass insulation layer 5. The cavity of the fluid heat transfer layer 4 is made of transparent composite material. The fluid heat transfer layer 4 is equipped with an intelligent temperature-controlled water inlet and an adjustable flow outlet, forming a complete thermodynamic circulation system to realize the cascade utilization of solar energy and vehicle energy self-sufficiency.

[0024] The structure of layer 2 in the semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaic module is FTO / ETL / perovskite light-absorbing layer / HTL / transparent electrode, and the perovskite light-absorbing layer is MAPbI3 or Cs. x FA 1-x Pb (I y Br 1-y 3. The transparent electrode is ITO or AgNWs.

[0025] The light transmittance of layer 2 in the semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaic module is 30%~60%, and can be adjusted by regulating the halogen ratio; the conversion efficiency is ≥15%; and the efficiency can be adjusted by regulating the Br content. - / I - The proportions are adjusted to achieve shades such as amber, gray, and dark blue.

[0026] The semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaic power generation module layer 2 is encapsulated with rigid glass on the roof; a flexible perovskite film is used in the windows, combined with electrochromic technology, to achieve dynamic adjustment of light transmittance from 10% to 80%.

[0027] When sunlight enters the semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaic module, the perovskite layer selectively absorbs visible light in the 380-780nm range, exciting and generating electron-hole pairs, which are then separated by the charge transport layer and output as electrical energy. The unabsorbed near-infrared light in the 780-2500nm range is transmitted to the lower photothermal module.

[0028] The water circulation chamber of the fluid heat transfer layer 4 is made of transparent polycarbonate or tempered glass with a thickness of 5-10mm. The internal flow channels are optimized by CFD into a serpentine or microchannel structure. The heat storage medium is deionized water, and antifreeze or nanoparticles can be added to enhance heat absorption. It also includes a phase change heat storage unit, which is made of paraffin or molten salt with a heat storage density of ≥200kJ / kg, maintaining a water temperature of 50-80℃.

[0029] The working principle of the fluid heat transfer layer 4 is as follows: the transmitted near-infrared light is absorbed by the water layer and converted into heat energy; the water pump drives the water flow to circulate, and the heat is stored in the phase change heat storage unit. The outlet water temperature is controlled by a PID algorithm.

[0030] The thermal management strategy of the fluid heat transfer layer 4 includes a summer mode and a winter mode; in the summer mode, excess heat is discharged through the roof heat dissipation fins to avoid overheating in the cabin; in the winter mode, hot water is circulated to the vehicle's heating system to improve thermal efficiency.

[0031] It also includes a smart energy management module 6, which includes a power management unit and a thermal management unit. The power management unit includes an MPPT controller and an energy storage system. The MPPT controller has an efficiency of ≥98%. The energy storage system prioritizes power supply to drive the motor, and stores the surplus power in a solid-state lithium battery. The energy density of the solid-state lithium battery is ≥300Wh / kg. The energy storage system also includes a backup supercapacitor to cope with instantaneous loads.

[0032] The thermal management unit includes a temperature sensor and intelligent valve control. The temperature sensor is a PT100 that monitors the water temperature in real time and adjusts the water pump flow rate to 0.5-2L / min. The intelligent valve control distributes hot water to drinking, heating, or heat dissipation as needed.

[0033] The present invention also includes a drinking water supply subsystem 7, the water circulation system structure of which includes a water storage chamber, an inlet and an outlet; the inner wall of the water storage chamber is made of food-grade 316L stainless steel or high borosilicate glass, and the outer wall is made of a lightweight aluminum alloy frame and a polyurethane insulation layer, the thermal conductivity of which is ≤0.03W / m·K; the capacity of the water storage chamber is 10-20L, and it adopts a flat design with a thickness of ≤50mm to adapt to the curvature of the vehicle roof; the flow channel of the water storage chamber is spiral or wavy.

[0034] The water inlet is located on the side of the vehicle or in the trunk, and uses a quick-release food-grade silicone sealing cap. It supports direct filling of bottled water and can be equipped with an external filter cartridge, which consists of activated carbon and a 0.1μm ultrafiltration membrane for filtering natural water sources. The water outlet is controlled by an electric valve, supports instant hot water, and is equipped with a child lock.

[0035] The drinking water supply subsystem 7 also includes antifreeze and heat preservation measures, including an external electric heating film and a vacuum insulation layer. The external electric heating film is attached to the outer wall of the water tank and automatically starts in low-temperature environments (<5℃). The external electric heating film is 12V DC with a power of ≤100W and is completely isolated from the water, transferring heat only through a heat-conducting aluminum plate. The vacuum insulation layer is achieved by evacuating the water tank interlayer, with a water temperature drop of ≤10℃ in 24 hours.

[0036] The photothermal conversion and hygiene management of the drinking water supply subsystem 7 includes photothermal absorption optimization and antibacterial and cleaning solutions; photothermal absorption optimization includes selective absorption coating and overheat protection design; the selective absorption coating is a TiNOX or black chrome coating on the outer wall of the water tank with an absorption rate of >95% and an emissivity of <5%, allowing only infrared light to penetrate the photovoltaic layer to heat the water; the overheat protection design automatically starts the cooling fan when the water temperature is >85℃, and exhausts heat through the roof duct.

[0037] The antibacterial and cleaning solution includes a UV-LED sterilization module and a detachable cleaning structure; the UV-LED sterilization module is integrated into the top of the water tank and automatically turns on for 10 minutes every day, with a wavelength of 265nm and a sterilization rate of >99.9%; the detachable cleaning structure supports manual disassembly and cleaning of the flow channel every quarter and supports food-grade citric acid descaling.

[0038] The workflow of the drinking water supply subsystem 7 includes a water filling stage, a solar thermal stage, and a water dispensing stage. In the water filling stage, the car owner adds bottled or filtered water through the water inlet, and the addition of any chemical agents is prohibited. In the solar thermal stage, sunlight irradiates the photovoltaic layer to generate electricity, and the remaining infrared light is absorbed by the outer wall of the water tank, raising the water temperature to 50-80℃. In the water dispensing stage, pressing a button inside the car activates an electric valve to dispense water, and the temperature can be set.

[0039] The drinking water supply subsystem 7 also includes an antifreeze mode, which maintains the water temperature above 0°C during winter shutdown with a power consumption of less than 0.5 kWh per night.

[0040] The connection method of the system of the present invention is as follows: the photovoltaic layer is connected to the vehicle body through conductive adhesive and waterproof sealing ring to achieve IP67 protection level; the water circulation pipeline adopts quick-release silicone hose and the interface is designed to prevent leakage.

[0041] The workflow of the system of this invention includes a photovoltaic power generation stage, a photothermal conversion stage, and an intelligent control stage; wherein: The photovoltaic power generation stage is driven by sunlight, with the perovskite layer generating electricity. After MPPT optimization, the electricity can be used to power vehicles or for storage. In the photothermal conversion stage, the remaining light energy is absorbed by the water layer, and the heat is stored in the phase change thermal storage unit, supplying hot water / warm air on demand; The intelligent control stage involves the energy management system dynamically allocating resources based on SOC, water temperature, and solar radiation intensity.

[0042] The spectral frequency division of this invention utilizes visible light for photovoltaic power generation and infrared light for photothermal conversion, achieving a comprehensive efficiency of >80%. This invention employs dynamic light transmission control, with electrochromic windows balancing power generation and privacy. Furthermore, the system utilizes a modular design, allowing the roof to be completely disassembled for maintenance, reducing maintenance costs.

[0043] Example 2 like Figures 1-4As shown, the structure of this embodiment is basically the same as that of Embodiment 1. This embodiment is a new energy vehicle power supply and heating system integrating photovoltaic and solar thermal functions. Through an innovative multi-layer composite structure design, it realizes the cascade utilization of solar energy and on-board energy self-sufficiency. The system uses the vehicle roof as the main mounting platform, integrating photovoltaic power generation, solar thermal heating, and drinking hot water functions, significantly improving the energy self-sufficiency capability and user experience of new energy vehicles, and is especially suitable for complex scenarios such as long-distance travel and off-road parking.

[0044] The system combines semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaic technology with a photothermal conversion module to achieve spectral frequency division and cascade utilization of solar energy, with an overall solar energy utilization rate of over 80%. Simultaneously, it is equipped with an integrated drinking water supply subsystem, providing hot water using solar energy while ensuring drinking water safety, offering users a low-carbon and convenient experience.

[0045] The system structure and composition of this embodiment are as follows: (I) Main Structure The system employs a five-layer composite structure from top to bottom and is installed on the roof of the vehicle. High-transmittance, high-strength glass protective layer 1: High-transmittance, high-strength glass is selected to effectively protect the underlying components and resist external impacts.

[0046] Semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaic module layer 2: Employs FTO / ETL / perovskite light-absorbing layer (such as MAPbI3 or Cs) x FA 1-x Pb (I y Br 1-y 3) / HTL / transparent electrode (ITO or AgNWs) structure, transmittance 30%-60% (adjustable), conversion efficiency ≥15%, and color can be adjusted by adjusting Br - / I - The proportions allow for a variety of color tones to match the car body design.

[0047] Optical control interlayer 3: Made of specific materials, it can control light and enhance the photothermal conversion effect.

[0048] Fluid heat transfer layer 4: Contains a water circulation chamber, made of transparent polycarbonate or tempered glass, with a thickness of 5-10mm. The internal flow channels are optimized by CFD into a serpentine or microchannel structure to improve heat exchange efficiency. The heat storage medium is deionized water (antifreeze or nanoparticles can be added), equipped with a phase change heat storage unit (paraffin or molten salt), with a heat storage density ≥200kJ / kg, maintaining a water temperature of 50-80℃.

[0049] Bottom high-transparency glass insulation layer 5: High-transparency glass or opaque materials can be used to provide insulation and reduce heat loss.

[0050] (II) Key Components Intelligent Energy Management Module 6: Power management: Includes an MPPT controller (efficiency ≥98%), an energy storage system that prioritizes power supply to drive the motor, and stores surplus power in solid-state lithium batteries (energy density ≥300Wh / kg), and is equipped with a backup supercapacitor to cope with instantaneous loads.

[0051] Thermal management: Includes a PT100 temperature sensor to monitor water temperature in real time and adjust the water pump flow rate (0.5-2L / min); intelligent valve control distributes hot water to drinking, heating, or heat dissipation as needed.

[0052] Drinking water supply subsystem 7: Water storage chamber: The inner wall is made of food-grade 316L stainless steel or high borosilicate glass, and the outer wall is made of lightweight aluminum alloy frame and polyurethane insulation layer (thermal conductivity ≤0.03W / m·K). The capacity is 10-20L, with a flat design (thickness ≤50mm) and the flow channel is spiral or wavy.

[0053] Water inlet: Located on the side of the vehicle or in the trunk, it uses a quick-release food-grade silicone sealing cap, supports direct filling of bottled water, and can be equipped with external filter cartridges (activated carbon and 0.1μm ultrafiltration membrane).

[0054] Water outlet: Controlled by an electric valve, it supports instant hot water (within 3 seconds) and is equipped with a child lock.

[0055] Antifreeze and heat preservation: The external electric heating film (12V DC, power ≤100W) automatically starts when the temperature is <5℃, and the vacuum insulation layer ensures that the water temperature drops by ≤10℃ in 24 hours.

[0056] Antibacterial and cleaning: UV-LED sterilization module (wavelength 265nm, automatically turns on for 10 minutes daily, sterilization rate >99.9%), supports detachable manual cleaning.

[0057] The working principle of this embodiment is as follows: Photovoltaic power generation process: Sunlight shines on the semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaic power generation module layer. The perovskite layer selectively absorbs visible light in the 380-780nm range, exciting and generating electron-hole pairs. After separation by the charge transport layer, electrical energy is output. After optimization by the MPPT controller, the power is prioritized to drive the motor, and the remaining power is stored in the solid-state lithium battery.

[0058] Photothermal conversion process: Near-infrared light (780-2500nm) not absorbed by the photovoltaic module is transmitted to the fluid heat transfer layer, where it is absorbed by the water layer and converted into heat energy. A water pump drives water circulation, and the heat is stored in the phase change thermal storage unit. The outlet water temperature is controlled by a PID algorithm.

[0059] Intelligent regulation process: The intelligent energy management system dynamically allocates electrical and thermal energy based on parameters such as battery SOC, water temperature, and solar radiation intensity. In summer, excess heat is dissipated through the roof cooling fins; in winter, hot water is circulated to the vehicle's heating system. The drinking water supply subsystem heats water using solar energy, sterilizes it, and provides it to users at any time.

[0060] Installation and maintenance of the system in this embodiment (a) Installation instructions The system uses the vehicle roof as the main mounting platform to ensure that the mounting surface is flat and clean.

[0061] The photovoltaic layer is connected to the vehicle body through conductive adhesive and a waterproof sealing ring, achieving an IP67 protection rating.

[0062] The water circulation pipeline uses quick-release silicone hoses with leak-proof interfaces to ensure a secure connection.

[0063] The flexible perovskite film for the car window needs to be fitted to the curvature of the window and connected to the corresponding circuit to achieve the electrochromic function.

[0064] (II) Routine Maintenance Regularly check all connections for looseness or leaks to ensure system sealing.

[0065] The flow channels of the drinking water supply subsystem should be manually disassembled and cleaned quarterly, and food-grade citric acid can be used for descaling.

[0066] Keep the surface of photovoltaic modules clean to prevent dust and debris from obstructing power generation efficiency.

[0067] Check the working status of the UV-LED sterilization module to ensure it is operating normally.

[0068] In case of system failure, repairs or component replacements can be carried out through modular disassembly and assembly.

[0069] Applicable vehicle models and scenarios for this embodiment of the system This system is applicable to all types of new energy vehicles, especially new energy off-road vehicles and RVs. It can meet the energy self-sufficiency and hot water supply needs in scenarios such as long-distance travel, outdoor camping, and use in remote areas, and improve the user's travel experience in complex environments.

[0070] The system installation in this embodiment must be performed by qualified personnel to ensure compliance with vehicle safety regulations. Only bottled water or filtered natural water should be added to the drinking water supply subsystem; the addition of any chemical agents is prohibited. In low-temperature winter conditions, if the vehicle is parked for an extended period, ensure the system's antifreeze function is properly activated. Avoid impacts from sharp objects to the system surface to prevent damage to components. Regularly check the energy storage battery status to ensure its proper function.

[0071] In this embodiment, the photovoltaic power generation system has a light transmittance of 30%-60% and a conversion efficiency of ≥15%, with an average daily power generation of 5-8 kWh from the roof module; the photothermal conversion efficiency is >60%, with a hot water output (ΔT=40℃) of 20-30 L / day and a water temperature adjustment range of 50-80℃; the energy storage system has a solid-state lithium battery energy density of ≥300Wh / kg and a phase change thermal storage unit thermal density of ≥200kJ / kg; the drinking water supply system has a water storage capacity of 10-20L, a UV-LED sterilization rate of >99.9%, and a minimum antifreeze temperature of -30℃ (when the external heating film is working); the system specifications show that the total weight of the roof module is ≤30kg, and the range is increased (for Class A vehicles) by approximately 15%-20%; this embodiment system achieves an integrated solution for power supply, heating, and drinking water supply for new energy vehicles by efficiently utilizing solar energy, bringing users a green, convenient, and safe travel experience.

[0072] The core technical advantages of this embodiment are: It adopts semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaic modules, selectively absorbing visible light (380-780nm) for photovoltaic power generation, and transmitting near-infrared light (780-2500nm) which is absorbed by the lower photothermal module and converted into heat energy, effectively utilizing more than 85% of solar radiation energy, with a photoelectric conversion efficiency of more than 15% and a photothermal conversion efficiency of more than 60%.

[0073] The system outputs electrical energy to prioritize driving the vehicle's electrical system, with surplus electricity stored in a solid-state lithium battery with an energy density of ≥300Wh / kg, supplemented by a supercapacitor to handle short-term high loads. Thermal energy is stored in phase change materials (heat storage density ≥200kJ / kg), providing at least 2 hours of continuous heating or hot water supply in the absence of external power or under extreme weather conditions.

[0074] Employing water-electricity separation and food-grade contact materials (316L stainless steel or high borosilicate glass), and indirectly heated by solar energy, it achieves zero chemical additives, zero metal leaching, and zero bacterial contamination. It integrates a UV-LED sterilization module with a sterilization rate of ≥99.9%, supports detachable manual cleaning, and can maintain a water temperature above 0℃ even at -20℃, enabling all-season operation.

[0075] The flexible, semi-transparent perovskite components in the window area integrate electrochromic materials, and the light transmittance can be dynamically adjusted between 10% and 80%, balancing privacy protection and light energy utilization. The hot water system can output hot water at the set temperature within 3 seconds, saving more than 80% of the waiting time.

[0076] In this embodiment, the various functional units of the system are connected by quick-release magnetic or snap-fit ​​mechanisms. The integrated system thickness is ≤20cm, and the roof load does not exceed 10kg / m². 2 It is compatible with the roof curvature of mainstream passenger vehicles, is easy to maintain, and has an average maintenance time of less than 30 minutes.

[0077] Example 3 like Figures 1-4 As shown, the structure of this embodiment is basically the same as that of the above embodiments. This embodiment is applicable to the integrated photovoltaic and solar thermal system of new energy off-road vehicles. In view of the usage needs of new energy off-road vehicles in complex scenarios such as the wild and long distances, a highly adaptable integrated photovoltaic and solar thermal power supply and heating system is designed.

[0078] The system uses the roof of the off-road vehicle as the main mounting platform and adopts a five-layer composite structure. The high-transmittance, high-strength glass protective layer uses 3mm thick ultra-clear tempered glass with a light transmittance of 92%, effectively resisting the impact of gravel in the wild. The semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaic power generation module layer uses a MAPbI3 perovskite light-absorbing layer with a structure of FTO / ETL / MAPbI3 / HTL / ITO. By adjusting the halogen ratio, its light transmittance is set to 45%, and the conversion efficiency reaches 16%. The color is dark gray, which is coordinated with the overall style of the off-road vehicle.

[0079] The optical control interlayer is made of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and features an internal microstructure prism array to focus transmitted near-infrared light, enhancing photothermal conversion. The water circulation chamber of the fluid heat transfer layer is made of 5mm thick transparent polycarbonate with a serpentine internal flow channel. After CFD optimization, the heat exchange efficiency is improved by 15%. The heat storage medium is deionized water with added carbon nanotubes, and the phase change heat storage unit uses paraffin wax with a heat storage density of 220kJ / kg, capable of stabilizing the water temperature at 60-75℃. The bottom high-transmittance glass insulation layer is made of 2mm thick high borosilicate glass, providing excellent thermal insulation performance.

[0080] The drinking water supply subsystem has a 15L water storage chamber with an inner wall made of food-grade 316L stainless steel and an outer wall consisting of a lightweight aluminum alloy frame with a polyurethane insulation layer. The polyurethane insulation layer has a thermal conductivity of 0.028W / m·K. The water inlet is located on the left side of the trunk and is equipped with a quick-release food-grade silicone sealing cap. It also comes standard with an external filter cartridge containing activated carbon and a 0.1μm ultrafiltration membrane for convenient filtration when using natural water sources in the wild. The water outlet is located below the center console inside the vehicle and is controlled by an electric valve, providing hot water at the set temperature within 3 seconds. It is also equipped with a child lock.

[0081] In the intelligent energy management module, the MPPT controller has an efficiency of 98.5%, and the energy storage system uses a solid-state lithium battery with an energy density of 320Wh / kg, while also being equipped with a 500F backup supercapacitor. The PT100 temperature sensor in the thermal management unit monitors the water temperature in real time and adjusts the water pump flow rate to approximately 1.2L / min.

[0082] The windows utilize a flexible perovskite film combined with WO3 electrochromic technology, allowing the light transmittance to be dynamically adjusted between 10% and 80%. When camping in the wild, the light transmittance can be adjusted to 10% to ensure privacy; while driving, it can be adjusted to 60% to ensure clear visibility.

[0083] In terms of system connectivity, the photovoltaic layer is connected to the vehicle body via conductive adhesive and a waterproof sealing ring, achieving an IP67 protection rating and capable of withstanding rainy conditions in the wild. The water circulation pipeline uses quick-release silicone hoses with leak-proof interfaces, facilitating simple repairs in the field.

[0084] In clear weather conditions outdoors, the system can generate up to 7 kWh of electricity per day, providing sufficient power for the off-road vehicle's onboard refrigerator, lighting, and other equipment. Excess electricity is stored in a solid-state lithium battery, enabling the vehicle to travel approximately 30 kilometers in emergency situations. The solar thermal conversion module can produce 25 liters of hot water per day, enough for 2-3 people in the off-road vehicle for drinking and washing. In winter mode, the hot water circulates to the vehicle's heating system, accelerating the warm-up process by 20%. In summer mode, excess heat is dissipated through the roof's cooling fins, preventing overheating.

[0085] Example 4 like Figures 1-4 As shown, this embodiment has a structure that is basically the same as the above embodiments. This embodiment is applicable to the integrated photovoltaic and solar thermal system of new energy RVs. It is designed specifically for new energy RVs and focuses on the comfort and practicality of the system to meet the power supply, heating and hot water needs of RV users during their travels.

[0086] In the five-layer composite structure of the vehicle's roof, the high-transmittance, high-strength glass protective layer uses 4mm thick ultra-clear laminated tempered glass with a light transmittance of 93% and excellent impact resistance. The semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaic module layer uses Cs... x FA 1-x Pb(I y Br 1-y 3. Perovskite light-absorbing layer, with a structure of FTO / ETL / Cs x FA 1-x Pb (I y Br 1-y )3 / HTL / AgNWs, with a light transmittance of 50% and a conversion efficiency of 17%, and an amber color, adding a unique appearance style to the RV.

[0087] The optical control interlayer is a transparent polycarbonate sheet with no special internal structure, primarily serving to transmit light and provide support. The water circulation chamber of the fluid heat transfer layer is made of 8mm thick tempered glass, with an internal microchannel structure for high heat exchange efficiency. The heat storage medium is deionized water, and the phase change heat storage unit uses Na2SO4·10H2O molten salt with a heat storage density of 210kJ / kg, capable of maintaining the water temperature at 50-80℃. The bottom uses an opaque glass fiber reinforced plastic sheet, providing both insulation and load-bearing capacity.

[0088] The drinking water supply subsystem has a 20L water storage chamber with an inner wall made of high borosilicate glass for easy monitoring of water quality. The outer wall is a lightweight aluminum alloy frame with a polyurethane insulation layer, boasting a thermal conductivity of 0.025W / m·K. The water inlet is located on the right side of the vehicle, supporting direct filling from large water containers. Water outlets are located in the kitchen and restrooms, both controlled by electric valves with adjustable temperatures. The kitchen outlet is set to 55℃ for direct drinking, while the restroom outlet is set to 70℃ for washing and rinsing.

[0089] The intelligent energy management module features a 99% efficiency MPPT controller, an energy storage system using solid-state lithium batteries with an energy density of 310Wh / kg, and an 800F backup supercapacitor, capable of meeting the instantaneous startup needs of high-power devices such as air conditioners in the RV. The thermal management unit's PT100 temperature sensor monitors the water temperature in real time, and the water pump flow rate automatically adjusts between 0.8-1.8L / min based on the water temperature.

[0090] The windows utilize a flexible perovskite film combined with electrochromic technology, allowing for dynamic adjustment of light transmittance from 10% to 80%. When the RV is parked and resting, the light transmittance can be adjusted to 20% to create a comfortable resting environment; when driving, it can be adjusted to 70% to ensure good visibility.

[0091] For system connectivity, the photovoltaic layer is connected to the vehicle body via conductive adhesive and a waterproof sealing ring, achieving an IP67 protection rating. The water circulation pipeline uses quick-release silicone hoses with leak-proof interface design, facilitating regular maintenance of the RV.

[0092] Under sufficient sunlight, this system can generate up to 8 kWh of electricity per day, enough to meet the daily power needs of the RV, including air conditioning, television, and kitchen appliances. The solar thermal conversion module can produce 30 liters of hot water per day, meeting the RV user's drinking and washing needs. In winter, the hot water is circulated to the vehicle's heating system, reducing energy consumption for heating; in summer, excess heat is dissipated through the roof's cooling fins, keeping the interior cool. The UV-LED sterilization module automatically activates for 10 minutes daily, achieving a 99.95% sterilization rate, ensuring safe and hygienic drinking water.

[0093] This invention achieves highly efficient cascaded utilization of solar energy, resulting in high overall energy efficiency. Through spectral frequency division technology, the system can effectively utilize over 85% of solar radiation energy, increasing the overall solar energy utilization rate to over 80%. It enhances the vehicle's energy self-sufficiency, improves adaptability in complex scenarios such as those without external power or in extreme climates, and provides a continuous energy supply. Dynamically adjusting light transmittance and a fast system response improve user comfort and ease of use. It ensures drinking water safety by solving the hygiene and antifreeze issues of onboard hot water systems, achieving safe water supply in all seasons. The invention features a highly integrated structure, supports modular disassembly and assembly, improves maintenance convenience and vehicle integration, and facilitates large-scale application.

[0094] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A new energy vehicle power supply and heating system integrating photovoltaic and solar thermal functions, characterized in that, The vehicle's roof serves as the main mounting platform, comprising a five-layer composite structure from top to bottom: a high-transmittance, high-strength glass protective layer, a semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaic power generation module layer, an optical control interlayer, a fluid heat transfer layer, and a bottom high-transmittance glass heat insulation layer. The fluid heat transfer layer is constructed between the optical control interlayer and the bottom high-transmittance glass heat insulation layer. The fluid heat transfer layer is a flat water circulation cavity with an intelligent temperature-controlled inlet and an adjustable flow outlet, forming a complete thermodynamic circulation system.

2. The new energy vehicle power supply and heating system integrating photovoltaic and solar thermal functions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaic power generation module layer is encapsulated with rigid glass on the roof, while the semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaic power generation module layer is encapsulated with flexible perovskite film in the windows.

3. The new energy vehicle power supply and heating system integrating photovoltaic and solar thermal functions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water circulation chamber of the fluid heat transfer layer is made of transparent polycarbonate or tempered glass with a thickness of 5-10 mm. The internal flow channel of the fluid heat transfer layer is a serpentine or microchannel structure optimized by CFD. The fluid heat transfer layer also includes a phase change heat storage unit, which is made of paraffin or molten salt with a heat storage density ≥200 kJ / kg.

4. The new energy vehicle power supply and heating system integrating photovoltaic and solar thermal functions according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an intelligent energy management module, which comprises a power management unit and a thermal management unit; the power management unit includes an MPPT controller and an energy storage system, which includes a solid-state lithium battery and a backup supercapacitor.

5. The new energy vehicle power supply and heating system integrating photovoltaic and solar thermal functions according to claim 4, characterized in that, The thermal management unit includes a temperature sensor and an intelligent valve control. The temperature sensor monitors the water temperature in real time and adjusts the water pump flow rate. The intelligent valve control can distribute hot water to drinking, heating, or heat dissipation paths.

6. The new energy vehicle power supply and heating system integrating photovoltaic and solar thermal functions according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a drinking water supply subsystem, wherein the inner wall of the water storage chamber of the drinking water supply subsystem is made of food-grade stainless steel or high borosilicate glass, and the outer wall is made of a lightweight aluminum alloy frame and a polyurethane insulation layer.

7. The new energy vehicle power supply and heating system integrating photovoltaic and solar thermal functions according to claim 6, characterized in that, The drinking water supply subsystem also includes a sterilization module, which is integrated on the top of the water tank.

8. The new energy vehicle power supply and heating system integrating photovoltaic and solar thermal functions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaic power generation module layer is connected to the vehicle body by conductive adhesive and waterproof sealing ring, and the water circulation pipeline adopts quick-release silicone hose.

9. The heating method of the new energy vehicle power supply and heating system integrating photovoltaic and solar thermal functions according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Spectral frequency division utilization: The semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaic power generation module absorbs 380-780nm visible light for photovoltaic power generation, and 780-2500nm near-infrared light is transmitted to the fluid heat transfer layer for photothermal conversion. Energy Distribution: The intelligent energy management module dynamically distributes electrical energy to the drive motor or energy storage system and thermal energy to the heating air, hot water supply or heat dissipation path based on the battery SOC, water temperature and solar radiation intensity.

10. The heating method of the new energy vehicle power supply and heating system integrating photovoltaic and solar thermal functions according to claim 9, characterized in that, Specifically, the following steps are included: Photothermal heating: Using infrared light transmitted to the drinking water supply subsystem, the water temperature in the storage chamber is heated to 50~80℃; Antifreeze protection: When the ambient temperature is <5℃, the external electric heating film will automatically start to maintain the water temperature >0℃; Water intake control: The electric valve can be opened via a button inside the vehicle to output hot water at the set temperature, and the electric valve is equipped with a child lock.

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