Integrated charging and discharging gun for electric automobile and electric automobile

Abstract

The invention provides an integrated charging and discharging gun for an electric vehicle and the electric vehicle, the integrated charging and discharging gun comprises a core assembly, the core assembly comprises a control box and a charging gun head electrically connected with the control box, and the charging gun head is used for connecting a vehicle interface of the electric vehicle; the detachable connector is arranged on the core assembly, and the detachable connector comprises a high-voltage terminal and a signal terminal; and a replaceable front end assembly, wherein the front end assembly comprises a butt joint connector used for being connected with the detachable connector; the first front end assembly comprises a household plug and a first cable, one end of the first cable is connected with the household plug, the other end of the first cable is provided with a butt joint connector, and a signal terminal of the butt joint connector is connected with a first resistor Ra; the second front end assembly comprises a household power strip and a second cable, one end of the second cable is connected with the household power strip, the other end of the second cable is provided with a butt joint connector, and a signal terminal of the butt joint connector is connected with a second resistor Rb; and a control circuit and a third resistor Rc are arranged in the control box.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of electric vehicle charging technology, and particularly relates to an integrated charging and discharging gun for electric vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] Electric passenger vehicles, as representatives of new energy vehicles, have advantages such as economy, energy saving and environmental protection. Electricity is the only energy source, and the power battery needs to obtain electrical energy from the outside, and can also discharge to the outside. The technical problem to be solved by this patented technology is the charging and discharging problem.

[0003] Currently, there are three ways to solve the charging problem: 1. DC charging piles for charging new energy vehicles; 2. AC charging piles for charging new energy vehicles; 3. Mode 2 charging guns for emergency charging of new energy vehicles. However, DC charging piles are mainly distributed in charging stations, while the installation of AC charging piles requires application to the property management and power supply company, and the charging gun of mode two requires the installation of a household socket. With the development and progress of the new energy vehicle market, the battery capacity of electric vehicles is getting larger and larger. This not only meets travel needs but also allows for emergency power generation from the vehicle itself, as well as for leisure outdoor activities such as barbecues and hot pot. Currently, there are already standalone discharge gun products on the market. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a method for preparing metal-supported monomers using a co-casting method, which can solve the problem that metal-supported monomers prepared by the impregnation method will experience grain growth and coarsening after long-term operation, resulting in battery performance degradation and affecting stability.

[0005] The technical solution provided by this invention is as follows: On the one hand, an integrated charging and discharging gun for electric vehicles is provided, comprising: The core component includes a control box and a charging gun head electrically connected to the control box, the charging gun head being used to connect to the vehicle interface of an electric vehicle; A detachable connector, disposed on the core component, includes high-voltage terminals and signal terminals; and A replaceable front-end assembly, the front-end assembly including a mating connector for connecting the detachable connector; The front-end component also includes: First front-end component: includes a household plug and a first cable, one end of the first cable is connected to the household plug, and the other end is provided with the docking connector, and a first resistor Ra is connected to the signal terminal of the docking connector; The second front-end component includes a household power strip and a second cable. One end of the second cable is connected to the household power strip, and the other end is provided with the docking connector. A second resistor Rb is connected to the signal terminal of the docking connector. The control box contains a control circuit and a third resistor Rc. When the first front-end component is connected to the detachable connector of the core component through the docking connector, the first resistor Ra and the third resistor Rc in the control box form a first combined resistor Ra+Rc through the signal terminal. The control circuit identifies the charging mode based on the first combined resistor Ra+Rc and controls the core component to charge the electric vehicle by drawing power from the household plug. When the second front-end component is connected to the detachable connector of the core component through the docking connector, the second resistor Rb forms a second combined resistor Rb+Rc with the third resistor Rc in the control box through the signal terminal. The control circuit identifies the discharge mode based on the second combined resistor Rb+Rc and controls the core component to discharge to the external load through the household power strip.

[0006] In one alternative implementation, the value of the first combined resistor Ra + Rc corresponds to the maximum charging current setting value in the charging mode.

[0007] In one optional implementation, the value of the second combined resistor Rb + Rc corresponds to the maximum discharge current setting value in the discharge mode; the control circuit sets the corresponding maximum charge / discharge current based on the identified value of the combined resistor.

[0008] In one optional implementation, in charging mode, the control circuit sets the duty cycle of the control guide circuit CP to match the maximum charging current based on the value of the first combined resistor Ra + Rc and a preset mapping relationship.

[0009] In one optional implementation, the high-voltage terminal is used to transmit charging and discharging power current, and the signal terminal is used to transmit the signal of the first resistor Ra or the second resistor Rb, as well as the control guidance signal.

[0010] In one optional implementation, the control box is equipped with a microcontroller, which is used to detect the combined resistance value, identify the working mode, control the charging and discharging logic and protection functions.

[0011] In one alternative implementation, the first front-end component constitutes an emergency charging gun conforming to the Mode 2 charging standard; the second front-end component constitutes a vehicle-to-load discharge gun.

[0012] In one alternative implementation, the control circuit is configured to detect the resistance value presented on the signal terminal; The detected resistance value is compared with the preset resistance ranges for charging mode and discharging mode. When the detected resistance value falls within the resistance range of the charging mode, it is identified as a charging mode and the charging control logic is activated. When the detected resistance value falls within the resistance range of the discharge mode, it is identified as a discharge mode and the discharge control logic is activated.

[0013] In one alternative implementation, in the charging mode, the control circuit determines the maximum allowable charging current based on the detected resistance value, and generates and outputs a control guidance CP signal with a corresponding duty cycle accordingly. In the discharge mode, the control circuit determines the maximum allowable discharge current based on the detected resistance value, and controls the discharge current of the power battery to the external load to not exceed the maximum allowable discharge current.

[0014] In another aspect, an electric vehicle is provided, the electric vehicle including an integrated charging and discharging gun for an electric vehicle as described in any of the preceding claims.

[0015] The method provided in this embodiment of the invention has at least the following beneficial effects: This invention, through the design and integration of resistance recognition control logic, for the first time efficiently, safely, and cost-effectively integrates two major functions—emergency charging mode 2 and vehicle-to-everything (V2L) discharge—on a single portable device. This completely solves the problem of users needing to carry and manage two separate devices, bringing significant advantages in integration, cost reduction, portability, and ease of use, while ensuring the safety and standardization of mode recognition and current control. These effects are unattainable by any single-function existing device in the prior art—such as DC charging piles, AC charging piles, mode 2 charging guns, or independent discharge guns. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The above and other objects, features and advantages of this disclosure will become more apparent from the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals generally denote like parts.

[0017] Figure 1 The attached document shows Figure 1 This is the schematic diagram of the control and guidance circuit for connection mode B in mode two.

[0018] Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the V2L mode control guidance circuit is shown.

[0019] Figure 3A schematic diagram showing the connection between a household plug and a control box is shown.

[0020] Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing the connection between a household power strip and a control box is shown.

[0021] The attached figures are labeled as follows: 1-Household plug, 11-Household power strip, 2-Control box, 3-Charging gun head, 4-Detachable connector. Detailed Implementation

[0022] Embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the present disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0023] The term "comprising" and its variations as used herein signify open inclusion, i.e., "including but not limited to". Unless otherwise stated, the term "or" means "and / or". The term "based on" means "at least partially based on". The terms "one example embodiment" and "one embodiment" mean "at least one example embodiment". The term "another embodiment" means "at least one additional embodiment". The terms "first", "second", etc., may refer to different or the same objects. Other explicit and implicit definitions may also be included below.

[0024] On the one hand, please see Figures 1-4 This invention provides an integrated charging and discharging gun for electric vehicles, comprising: The core components include a control box 2 and a charging gun head 3 electrically connected to the control box 2. The charging gun head 3 is used to connect to the vehicle interface of the electric vehicle. Detachable connector 4, mounted on the core component, includes high-voltage terminals and signal terminals; and A replaceable front-end assembly, which includes a mating connector for connecting the detachable connector 4; The front-end components also include: First front-end component: includes a household plug 1 and a first cable, one end of the first cable is connected to the household plug 1, and the other end is provided with a mating connector, and a first resistor Ra is connected to the signal terminal of the mating connector; The second front-end component includes a household power strip 11 and a second cable. One end of the second cable is connected to the household power strip 11, and the other end is provided with a mating connector. A second resistor Rb is connected to the signal terminal of the mating connector. The control box 2 contains a control circuit and a third resistor Rc; When the first front-end component is connected to the detachable connector 4 of the core component through the docking connector, the first resistor Ra and the third resistor Rc in the control box 2 form the first combined resistor Ra + Rc through the signal terminal. The control circuit recognizes the charging mode according to the first combined resistor Ra + Rc and controls the core component to charge the electric vehicle by drawing power from the household plug 1. When the second front-end component is connected to the detachable connector 4 of the core component via the docking connector, the second resistor Rb forms a second combined resistor Rb + Rc with the third resistor Rc in the control box 2 through the signal terminal. The control circuit identifies the discharge mode based on the second combined resistor Rb + Rc and controls the core component to discharge to the external load through the household power strip 11.

[0025] The method provided in this embodiment of the invention has at least the following beneficial effects: This invention, through the design and integration of resistance recognition control logic, for the first time efficiently, safely, and cost-effectively integrates two major functions—standard-compliant emergency charging (Mode 2) and vehicle-to-everything (V2L)—onto a single portable device. This completely solves the problem of users needing to carry and manage two separate devices, bringing significant advantages in integration, cost reduction, portability, and ease of use, while ensuring the safety and standardization of mode recognition and current control. These effects are unattainable by any single-function existing device in the prior art (DC charging piles, AC charging piles, Mode 2 charging guns, independent discharge guns).

[0026] In one optional embodiment, the detachable connector 4 provided in this invention has an IP67 protection rating (dustproof and waterproof). This avoids the risk of high-voltage short circuits during rainy weather camping discharges and charging in humid environments. For example, a silicone sealing ring can be added to the connector interface, and the terminals can be potted with waterproof adhesive. The detachable connector 4 provided in this invention is in the form of a plug and socket, wherein the male end is located on the core component, and the female end is located on the front end component. This invention allows for reliable locking and unlocking via the detachable connector 4.

[0027] In one alternative implementation, the value of the first combined resistor Ra + Rc corresponds to the maximum charging current setting value in the charging mode.

[0028] As an example, the maximum current carrying capacity is determined by the resistance values ​​of R4 and RC, as shown in Table 1. Based on the maximum current carrying capacity, the CP duty cycle is set.

[0029] Table 1

[0030] In one optional implementation, during charging mode, the CP duty cycle is set by looking up a table based on Ra + Rc. This conforms to the GB / T 18487.1 charging protocol, ensuring that the vehicle's BMS correctly identifies the current limit. As an example, the maximum discharge current is determined by the resistance values ​​of R4' (Ra) and RC' (Rc). See Table 2 for details.

[0031] Table 2

[0032] As an example, Ra+Rc=2700Ω is detected, and then the maximum current is found to be 10A by looking up the table. The CP duty cycle is set to 50%, and the vehicle BMS is determined to limit the charging current to 10A.

[0033] As an example, if Ra+Rc=1500Ω is detected, and the maximum current is found to be 32A by referring to the table, then the CP duty cycle is set to 25% to determine the vehicle BMS current limit of 32A for charging.

[0034] In one alternative implementation, the value of the second combined resistor Rb + Rc corresponds to the maximum discharge current setting value in the discharge mode; the control circuit sets the corresponding maximum charge / discharge current based on the identified value of the combined resistor.

[0035] In discharge mode, the maximum discharge current is set according to Rb+Rc to prevent the power strip from overloading (e.g., when connecting a 2kW electric hot pot, the current is limited to 10A to avoid overheating of the cable). Specifically, as an example, the control box has a built-in current sensor that monitors the output current in real time. If it exceeds the Rb+Rc mapping value (e.g., 16A), the MOSFET switch is immediately cut off.

[0036] In one alternative implementation, in charging mode, the control circuit sets the duty cycle of the control guide circuit CP to match the maximum charging current based on the value of the first combined resistor Ra + Rc and a preset mapping relationship.

[0037] As an example, when a user connects the first front-end component (with a household plug) to the detachable connector of the core component, the first resistor (Ra) on the first front-end component connector is electrically connected in series with the third resistor (Rc) inside the core component control box via a signal terminal.

[0038] At this point, the detection circuit inside the control box (usually the ADC-digital converter input of the microcontroller) can measure the total resistance value after series connection (R_total_charge = Ra + Rc).

[0039] The value of Rtotal_charge is unique and deterministic; it is determined by the specific first front-end component (i.e., the specific Ra) selected by the user.

[0040] The microcontroller (MCU) in the control box stores a mapping table or a calculation formula in advance. This table / formula defines: Input: The range of detected resistance values ​​R_total_charge (i.e., Ra + Rc). Output 1: The maximum allowable charging current (I_max_charge) corresponding to this resistance value. Output 2: The duty cycle of the control pilot signal (CP) corresponding to this maximum charging current.

[0041] This mapping relationship must comply with electric vehicle charging standards (such as the national standard GB / T 18487.1). The standard specifies a particular range of resistance values ​​corresponding to a specific maximum charging current, and the corresponding CP signal duty cycle range. For example: R_total_charge ≈ 2700Ω may correspond to a maximum charging current I_max_charge = 16A, in which case the CP duty cycle should be set to ~50%.

[0042] R_total_charge ≈ 1500Ω may correspond to a maximum charging current I_max_charge = 32A. In this case, the CP duty cycle should be set to ~25% (Note: The specific values ​​and duty cycle definitions must strictly follow the target standard).

[0043] It's important to note that the resistance value itself doesn't directly control the current. This mapping relationship is a standard-defined "language" that tells the vehicle's BMS (Battery Management System) the maximum current the charging gun can provide. The CP duty cycle is the encoding of this "language."

[0044] The MCU in the control box detected R_total_charge.

[0045] The MCU queries its internal preset mapping table / formula to find the corresponding I_max_charge and CP target duty cycle for the resistor value. The MCU then controls its internal CP signal generation circuit (usually a PWM output) to generate a square wave signal that matches the target duty cycle. This CP signal is sent to the electric vehicle's BMS through the signal terminals of the charging gun head (usually the CC / CP pin).

[0046] The vehicle's BMS continuously monitors the CP signal sent from the charging gun. The BMS decodes the duty cycle of the CP signal, and based on its own battery status (such as SOC, temperature, etc.), controls the vehicle's actual charging current within the range of ≤ I_max_charge. At the same time, the BMS informs the charging gun of its actual required current through another signal (such as PWM or PLC).

[0047] In one alternative implementation, the high-voltage terminal is used to transmit the charging and discharging power current, and the signal terminal is used to transmit the signal of the first resistor Ra or the second resistor Rb, as well as the control guidance signal.

[0048] In charging mode, this invention utilizes a specific resistance value formed by the series connection of the front-end component and a fixed resistor within the control box to determine and set the duty cycle of the standard CP control signal sent to the vehicle by consulting a preset standard mapping table. This process ensures safe limits on charging current and standard compatibility, and is one of the core control logics for realizing the "integrated" charging function.

[0049] In one optional implementation, the control box 2 is equipped with a microcontroller, which is used to detect the combined resistance value, identify the working mode, control the charging and discharging logic and protection functions.

[0050] The microcontroller is programmable and supports new functions (such as OTA upgrades and fault diagnosis). As a capability, this invention can use an STM32G0 series MCU, which detects the resistance value through the ADC pin, outputs the CP signal through the PWM pin, and controls the charging and discharging relay through GPIO.

[0051] In one alternative implementation, the first front-end component constitutes an emergency charging gun conforming to the Mode 2 charging standard; the second front-end component constitutes a vehicle-to-load discharge gun.

[0052] In one alternative implementation, the control circuit is configured to detect the resistance value presented on the signal terminal; The detected resistance value is compared with the preset resistance ranges for charging mode and discharging mode. When the detected resistance value falls within the resistance range of the charging mode, it is identified as the charging mode and the charging control logic is activated. When the detected resistance value falls within the discharge mode resistance range, it is identified as a discharge mode and the discharge control logic is activated.

[0053] As an example, the control box has a fixed resistor Rc = 2200Ω, and the household plug assembly (charging) resistor Ra = 500Ω, resulting in a theoretical total resistance of 2700Ω. The household power strip assembly (discharging) has a resistor Rb = 300Ω, determining a theoretical total resistance of 2500Ω. Preset recognition ranges (including ±5% tolerance): Charging mode range: 2600Ω–2800Ω, Discharging mode range: 2400Ω–2600Ω.

[0054] The user inserts a household power strip assembly → the actual total resistance is detected as 2510Ω. The MCU determines that 2510Ω ∈ [2400, 2600] and activates the discharge mode. The discharge indicator light turns blue, and the load power supply relay closes. If 2300Ω is detected (outside the preset range) → an error red light flashes, and the output is cut off.

[0055] In one alternative implementation, in charging mode, the control circuit determines the maximum allowable charging current based on the detected resistance value, and generates and outputs a control guidance CP signal with a corresponding duty cycle accordingly. In discharge mode, the control circuit determines the maximum allowable discharge current based on the detected resistance value, and controls the discharge current of the power battery to the external load to not exceed the maximum allowable discharge current.

[0056] As an example, the total resistance is detected to be 2730Ω. A table is then used to map this to a maximum charging current of 10A. The MCU generates a CP square wave signal (1kHz frequency) with a 50% duty cycle via the PWM module. This CP signal is then output to the vehicle interface after optocoupler isolation. The vehicle's response is: the BMS decodes the 50% duty cycle, recognizes that the charging head supports 10A, and controls the charging current to be ≤10A.

[0057] The total resistance detected is 2510Ω → the table mapping corresponds to a maximum discharge current of 16A. The control box initiates three-level protection: Monitoring level: The current sensor (ACS712) collects the output current I_out in real time. Judgment level: The MCU compares I_out with the set value (16A) every 10ms. Execution level: If I_out ≤ 15.5A → normal power supply (0.5A buffer reserved); if I_out > 16A (e.g., connected to a 2.5kW electric oven) → MOSFET (model: IRFS7530) is turned off within 3ms. Action recording: The MCU stores overcurrent events (time, peak current), and the fault is indicated by the number of LED flashes.

[0058] On the other hand, an electric vehicle is provided, which includes an integrated charging and discharging gun for an electric vehicle as described above.

[0059] The various embodiments of this disclosure have been described above. These descriptions are exemplary and not exhaustive, nor are they limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen to best explain the principles, practical application, or technical improvements to the embodiments in the market, or to enable others skilled in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An integrated charging and discharging gun for electric vehicles, characterized in that, include: The core component includes a control box (2) and a charging gun head (3) electrically connected to the control box (2), the charging gun head (3) being used to connect to the vehicle interface of an electric vehicle; A detachable connector (4) is disposed on the core component, the detachable connector (4) comprising a high-voltage terminal and a signal terminal; as well as A replaceable front-end assembly, the front-end assembly including a mating connector for connecting the detachable connector (4); The front-end component also includes: First front-end component: includes a household plug (1) and a first cable, one end of the first cable is connected to the household plug (1), and the other end is provided with the docking connector, and a first resistor (Ra) is connected to the signal terminal of the docking connector. Second front-end component: includes a household power strip (11) and a second cable, one end of the second cable is connected to the household power strip (11), and the other end is provided with the docking connector, and a second resistor (Rb) is connected to the signal terminal of the docking connector. The control box (2) is equipped with a control circuit and a third resistor (Rc).

2. The integrated charging and discharging gun for electric vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the first front-end component is connected to the detachable connector (4) of the core component through the docking connector, the first resistor (Ra) forms a first combined resistor (Ra + Rc) with the third resistor (Rc) in the control box (2) through the signal terminal. The control circuit identifies the charging mode according to the first combined resistor (Ra + Rc) and controls the core component to charge the electric vehicle by taking power through the household plug (1). When the second front-end component is connected to the detachable connector (4) of the core component through the docking connector, the second resistor (Rb) forms a second combined resistor (Rb + Rc) with the third resistor (Rc) in the control box (2) through the signal terminal. The control circuit identifies the discharge mode according to the second combined resistor (Rb + Rc) and controls the core component to discharge to the external load through the household power strip (11).

3. The integrated charging and discharging gun for electric vehicles according to claim 2, characterized in that, The value of the first combined resistor (Ra + Rc) corresponds to the maximum charging current setting value in the charging mode; The value of the second combined resistor (Rb + Rc) corresponds to the maximum discharge current setting value in the discharge mode; the control circuit sets the corresponding maximum charge / discharge current based on the identified value of the combined resistor.

4. The integrated charging and discharging gun for electric vehicles according to claim 2, characterized in that, In charging mode, the control circuit sets the duty cycle of the control guide circuit (CP) to match the maximum charging current based on the value of the first combined resistor (Ra + Rc) and a preset mapping relationship.

5. The integrated charging and discharging gun for electric vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-voltage terminal is used to transmit charging and discharging power current, and the signal terminal is used to transmit the signal of the first resistor (Ra) or the second resistor (Rb) and the control guidance signal.

6. The integrated charging and discharging gun for electric vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control box (2) is equipped with a microcontroller, which is used to detect the combined resistance value, identify the working mode, control the charging and discharging logic and protection functions.

7. The integrated charging and discharging gun for electric vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first front-end component constitutes an emergency charging gun that conforms to the Mode 2 charging standard; the second front-end component constitutes a vehicle-to-load discharge gun.

8. The integrated charging and discharging gun for electric vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control circuit is configured to detect the resistance value presented on the signal terminal; The detected resistance value is compared with the preset resistance ranges for charging mode and discharging mode. When the detected resistance value falls within the resistance range of the charging mode, it is identified as a charging mode and the charging control logic is activated. When the detected resistance value falls within the resistance range of the discharge mode, it is identified as a discharge mode and the discharge control logic is activated.

9. The integrated charging and discharging gun for electric vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the charging mode, the control circuit determines the maximum allowable charging current based on the detected resistance value, and generates and outputs a control guidance (CP) signal with a corresponding duty cycle accordingly. In the discharge mode, the control circuit determines the maximum allowable discharge current based on the detected resistance value, and controls the discharge current of the power battery to the external load to not exceed the maximum allowable discharge current.

10. An electric vehicle, characterized in that, The electric vehicle includes an integrated charging and discharging gun for an electric vehicle as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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