High-voltage electrolysis system and method for solid oxide

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-voltage electrolysis system and method for solid oxides, solves the problem that in the prior art, an existing preparation means cannot guarantee high-pressure hydrogen production, and has the beneficial effects that high-pressure hydrogen can be produced, and compressor model selection is facilitated. The electrolytic bath is arranged in the pressure-bearing container; one end of the air-side heat balance component is connected with the fan, the other end of the air-side heat balance component is communicated with the pressure-bearing container so that the air-side heat balance component is communicated with the anode of the electrolytic cell, and a first pressure regulating valve is arranged at the tail exhaust end of the air-side heat balance component; a second pressure regulating valve is arranged at the tail exhaust end of the steam side heat balance component, and it is guaranteed that a first pressure difference limit value exists between the steam side and the operation environment and between the air side and the operation environment in the operation process of the electrolytic cell by adjusting the opening degree of the first pressure regulating valve, the opening degree of the second pressure regulating valve and the opening degree of the switching valve; and a second pressure difference limit value exists between the steam side and the air side during the operation of the electrolytic cell.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydrogen production technology from solid oxides, and in particular to a high-voltage electrolysis system and method for solid oxides. Background Technology

[0002] The statements in this section are merely background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] Solid oxide electrolysis hydrogen production technology is limited to operation at atmospheric pressure or a slightly positive pressure of 20-200 mbar due to the strength and sealing limitations of the electrolysis chamber. Industrial hydrogen applications are often in high-pressure environments, meaning the hydrogen produced by solid oxide electrolyzers cannot be directly supplied and requires an intermediate compression and pressurization stage. Furthermore, current commercially available compressors require an initial gas source pressure of at least 2 bar, while the hydrogen produced by solid oxide electrolysis has a pressure greater than 2 bar, significantly increasing the difficulty of selecting compressors for atmospheric pressure hydrogen production.

[0004] There is no effective solution to the above problems in the existing technology. During the operation of the electrolyzer, there are pressure difference limits between the steam side and the air side of the electrolyzer and the operating environment. There are also pressure difference limits between the steam side and the air side during the operation of the electrolyzer. How to ensure these two pressure difference limits during the high-pressure operation of the electrolyzer is also a problem that needs to be solved. In addition, since the electrolyzer produces hydrogen, ensuring safe operation during hydrogen production under high pressure is also a concern. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the first objective of the present invention is to provide a high-pressure electrolysis system for solid oxides, which can be adjusted according to the required pressure to achieve high-pressure hydrogen production and facilitate the selection of compressors.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: A high-voltage electrolysis system for solid oxides, comprising: Pressure vessel, pressure vessel is equipped with pressure relief pipeline, pressure relief pipeline is equipped with switch valve; Electrolytic cell, placed in a pressure vessel; An air-side heat balance component is provided, with one end connected to a fan and the other end connected to a pressure vessel so that the air-side heat balance component is connected to the anode of the electrolytic cell. A first pressure regulating valve is provided at the tail end of the air-side heat balance component. The steam-side heat balancing component passes through the pressure vessel and is connected to the cathode of the electrolytic cell. The cathode outlet of the electrolytic cell also passes through the pressure vessel and is connected to the steam-side heat balancing component. A second pressure regulating valve is installed at the tail end of the steam-side heat balancing component. By adjusting the opening of the first pressure regulating valve, the second pressure regulating valve, and the switching valve, a first pressure difference limit is maintained between the steam side and the air side and the operating environment during the operation of the electrolytic cell, and a second pressure difference limit is maintained between the steam side and the air side during the operation of the electrolytic cell.

[0007] In the high-pressure electrolysis system for solid oxides as described above, the air-side heat balance component and the steam-side heat balance component can be located inside or outside the pressure vessel.

[0008] In the high-pressure electrolysis system for solid oxides described above, one end of the steam-side heat balance component is connected to a steam pipeline, the steam pipeline is equipped with a pneumatic valve and a second flow meter, and the steam pipeline is equipped with a third pressure sensor.

[0009] As described above, in a high-pressure electrolysis system for solid oxides, a temperature sensor is installed inside the pressure vessel to obtain the temperature inside the pressure vessel, a first pressure sensor is installed inside the pressure vessel to obtain the pressure inside the pressure vessel, and a hydrogen concentration sensor is installed inside the pressure vessel. The temperature sensor, the first air pressure sensor, and the hydrogen concentration sensor are respectively connected to the controller, and the controller is respectively connected to the fan, the air-side heat balance component, and the steam-side heat balance component.

[0010] In the high-voltage electrolysis system for solid oxides described above, a first flow meter is installed at the tail end of the air-side heat balance component, and a second pressure sensor, a proportional valve, and a third flow meter are also installed in the pressure relief pipeline. The first flow meter, the second pressure sensor, the proportional valve, the third flow meter, and the switching valve are each individually connected to the controller. When the hydrogen concentration in the pressure vessel exceeds the alarm value, the controller controls the switching valve to open to maintain the pressure in the pressure vessel, opens the proportional valve to discharge and replace the gas in the pressure vessel, and the controller turns on the fan. The controller adjusts the air volume of the fan according to the value of the third flow meter.

[0011] In the high-voltage electrolysis system for solid oxides described above, the volume inside the pressure vessel is larger than the volume of the electrolytic cell.

[0012] Secondly, the present invention also discloses a method for operating a high-voltage electrolysis system for solid oxides, comprising the following: The controller acquires the hydrogen concentration inside the pressure vessel, the gas pressure inside the pressure vessel, the gas pressure in the pressure relief pipeline, and the flow rate at the first and third flow meters. The controller determines whether the hydrogen concentration in the pressure vessel exceeds the limit based on the value detected by the hydrogen concentration sensor. If it does not exceed the limit, the switch valve and proportional valve are closed. If it exceeds the limit, the switch valve is opened to make the gas pressure in the pressure vessel equal to the gas pressure in the pressure relief pipeline, so as to ensure the stability of the internal gas pressure during the gas discharge process of the pressure vessel. Once the gas pressure inside the pressure vessel equals the gas pressure in the pressure relief pipeline, the controller opens the proportional valve according to the opening ratio, adjusting the main fan flow rate so that the fan flow rate equals the sum of the flow rates of the first and third flow meters. This displaces the gas inside the pressure vessel while maintaining the stability of the gas pressure inside the pressure vessel, thereby reducing the hydrogen concentration.

[0013] In the above-described operation method of a high-voltage electrolysis system for solid oxides, when the controller detects that the hydrogen concentration in the pressure vessel has decreased to the lower limit, it sequentially closes the switching valve and the proportional valve, stops the exhaust, and updates the fan flow rate again, so that the fan flow rate is equal to the sum of the flow rates of the first flow meter and the third flow meter.

[0014] Thirdly, the present invention also provides a pressure control method for a high-pressure electrolysis system for solid oxides, wherein the controller acquires the steam pressure value on the steam side, and the controller adjusts the regulation of the first pressure regulating valve and the second pressure regulating valve to perform pressure control, so that the difference between the steam pressure value on the steam side and the gas pressure value inside the pressure vessel is greater than 0.

[0015] The pressure control method for a high-voltage electrolysis system for solid oxides, as described above, includes the following: The controller compares the pressure P6 inside the pressure vessel obtained from the first pressure sensor with the target pressure value P required inside the pressure vessel. need Comparison, when P6 <P need First, adjust the opening of the first pressure regulating valve to increase the pressure inside the pressure vessel. Then, adjust the second pressure regulating valve to make the steam pressure P3 = P6 + ΔP. Finally, determine the relationship between P6 and P. need If the relationships are equal, the cycle ends; otherwise, it proceeds to the next cycle. When P6=P need Then only adjust the second pressure regulating valve to make the steam pressure P3 = P6 + ΔP, and finally judge the relationship between P6 and P. need The relationship ends when they are equal. When P6>P need First, adjust the opening of the first pressure regulating valve to reduce the pressure inside the pressure vessel. Then, adjust the second pressure regulating valve to make the steam pressure P3 = P6 + ΔP. Finally, determine the relationship between P6 and P. need If the relationships are equal, the cycle ends; otherwise, it proceeds to the next cycle.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1) In this invention, the electrolyzer is placed in a pressure vessel, and air with a set pressure is injected into the pressure vessel by the fan in the air-side heat balance component, so that the pressure vessel works under the set pressure, realizing the operation of the high-temperature solid oxide electrolyzer in a high-pressure environment and ensuring high hydrogen production pressure. It can be effectively connected to the high-pressure compressor of downstream users, which facilitates the selection of compressor.

[0017] 2) The pressure control method for the high-pressure electrolysis system for solid oxides provided in this invention adjusts the opening of the first pressure regulating valve and the second pressure regulating valve by comparing the pressure inside the pressure vessel with the target gas pressure value required inside the pressure vessel. This not only ensures the pressure requirements of the electrolytic cell environment, but also ensures the safety of the operating gas pressure difference between the anode and cathode of the electrolytic cell.

[0018] 3) In this invention, the pressure relief pipeline is equipped with a switch valve and a proportional valve. When the hydrogen concentration in the pressure vessel exceeds the alarm value, the controller controls the switch valve to open to maintain the pressure in the pressure vessel, opens the proportional valve to discharge and replace the gas in the pressure vessel, and the controller turns on the fan. The controller adjusts the air volume of the fan according to the value of the third flow meter.

[0019] 4) The working method of the high-temperature solid oxide electrolytic cell high-pressure electrolysis system provided by the present invention is as follows: based on the hydrogen concentration in the pressure vessel, the pressure in the pressure vessel is obtained by combining the first pressure sensor, and the pressure at the pressure relief pipeline is obtained by the second pressure sensor. Based on the comparison between the two, the switch valve, proportional valve and fan at the pressure relief pipeline are adjusted to ensure that the hydrogen concentration is monitored and controlled under the condition that the pressure in the pressure vessel is stable. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a high-voltage electrolysis system for solid oxides according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the working method of a high-voltage electrolysis system for solid oxides according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a pressure control method for a high-voltage electrolysis system for solid oxides according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0024] The diagram exaggerates the spacing or dimensions between parts to show their positions; the diagram is for illustrative purposes only.

[0025] Among them: 1. Fan, 2. Pressure vessel, 3. Electrolytic cell, 4. First flow meter, 5. First pressure regulating valve, 6. Pneumatic valve, 7. Second flow meter, 8. Second pressure regulating valve, 9. Air-side thermal balance component, 10. Steam-side thermal balance component, 11. First pressure sensor, 12. Temperature sensor, 13. Switch valve, 14. Second pressure sensor, 15. Proportional valve, 16. Third flow meter, 17. Hydrogen concentration sensor, 18. Third pressure sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0026] It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in this invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0027] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, unless otherwise expressly indicated by the invention, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof. As described in the background section, in order to adapt to the compressor, the hydrogen produced by the electrolyzer needs to have a high pressure. However, the existing preparation methods cannot guarantee the high-pressure hydrogen production. In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention proposes a high-pressure electrolysis system for solid oxides.

[0028] Example 1 In a typical embodiment of the present invention, reference is made to Figure 1 As shown, a high-voltage electrolysis system for solid oxides includes: Pressure vessel 2, pressure vessel 2 is equipped with a pressure relief pipeline, and pressure relief pipeline is equipped with a switch valve 13; Electrolytic cell 3 is placed in pressure vessel 2; Air-side heat balance component 9, one end of which is connected to fan 1 and the other end is connected to pressure vessel 2 so that air-side heat balance component 9 is connected to the anode of electrolytic cell. A first pressure regulating valve 5 is provided at the tail end of air-side heat balance component 9. The steam-side heat balancing component 10 passes through the pressure vessel 2 and is connected to the cathode of the electrolytic cell. The cathode outlet of the electrolytic cell passes through the pressure vessel 2 and is connected to the steam-side heat balancing component 10. A second pressure regulating valve 8 is provided at the tail end of the steam-side heat balancing component. By adjusting the opening of the first pressure regulating valve 5, the second pressure regulating valve 8 and the switching valve 13, a first pressure difference limit is maintained between the steam side and the air side and the operating environment during the operation of the electrolytic cell. A second pressure difference limit is maintained between the steam side and the air side during the operation of the electrolytic cell 3.

[0029] The air-side heat balance component (air BOP) includes an air-side heat exchanger and an air-side electric heater, while the steam-side heat balance component (steam BOP) includes a steam-side heat exchanger and a steam-side electric heater.

[0030] It should be noted that the electrolysis system uses a solid oxide electrolytic cell, suitable for all electrolytic cells operating at temperatures from 500℃ to 900℃. Because electrolytic cell 3 is placed within pressure vessel 2, there is a first differential pressure limit between the steam side and air side of electrolytic cell 3 and the operating environment during operation. This means the difference between the steam side pressure or air side pressure and the ambient pressure is less than the first differential pressure limit ΔP. ENV During the operation of electrolytic cell 3, there is a second pressure difference limit between the steam side and the air side, that is, the difference between the steam side pressure and the air side pressure is less than the second pressure difference limit △P.

[0031] In this embodiment, a method is used to simultaneously increase the operating ambient pressure of the electrolytic cell, the steam side pressure, and the air side pressure to achieve high gas production pressure in the electrolysis system. To prevent damage to the electrolytic cell 3, the electrolytic cell is placed in the pressure vessel 2, and the pressure of each part is maintained synchronously. By setting the first pressure regulating valve 5 and the second pressure regulating valve 8, the difference between the steam side pressure or the air side pressure and the ambient pressure is made less than the first pressure difference limit ΔP. ENV The pressure difference between the steam side and the air side is less than the second differential pressure limit ΔP to ensure pressure requirements are met.

[0032] refer to Figure 1 As shown, the blower 1 is connected to the air-side heat balance component 9. The blower 1 supplies air as the pressurization source for the pressure vessel 2, which can pressurize the pressure vessel and realize the high-pressure operating environment of the electrolytic cell 3. Since the air side of the electrolytic cell is an open design, the increase in pressure inside the pressure vessel also causes the pressure inside the air-side flow channel of the electrolytic cell to increase by the same amount.

[0033] It is understandable that the internal volume of the pressure vessel 2 is larger than that of the electrolytic cell 3. The pressure vessel 2 is made of high-pressure resistant material, and its shape can be cylindrical, spherical, cylindrical, dome-shaped, square, or other structures.

[0034] It should be noted that the air-side heat balance component 9 and the steam-side heat balance component 10 are respectively responsible for heating the air and steam entering the electrolytic cell 3 to the operating temperature of the electrolytic cell. In this embodiment, the air-side heat balance component 9 and the steam-side heat balance component 10 are arranged in the atmospheric environment. Alternatively, the air-side heat balance component 9 and the steam-side heat balance component 10 can be placed together with the electrolytic cell 3 in the pressure vessel 2 as required.

[0035] It should be noted that the air side inlet and outlet of the electrolytic cell is an open structure, meaning that the air side pipeline is directly connected to the pressure vessel 2 and does not need to be directly connected to the electrolytic cell 3. The air enters the pressure vessel 2 and then enters the anode of the electrolytic cell. The steam side inlet and outlet of the electrolytic cell is an internal flow channel structure, meaning that the steam side inlet and outlet of the electrolytic cell are respectively connected to the cathode of the electrolytic cell through pipelines passing through the pressure vessel 2, so as to realize the supply of electrolytic steam and the collection of generated gas.

[0036] refer to Figure 1 As shown, the tail end of the air-side heat balance component 9 is provided with a tail pipe, and the tail pipe is provided with a first pressure regulating valve 5 and a first flow meter 4. The air-side pressure of the pressure vessel 2 or the electrolytic cell is adjusted by adjusting the first pressure regulating valve 5. The back pressure of the pressure vessel 2 is increased or decreased by adjusting the opening of the first pressure regulating valve 5.

[0037] To maintain a reasonable pressure difference limit between the steam and air sides of the electrolyzer, and to achieve high-pressure gas production on the steam side, a second pressure regulating valve 8 is also installed at the steam production exhaust end to simulate the high-pressure hydrogen environment or compressor inlet pressure requirements in industry (P). need The pressure on the steam side of the electrolytic cell can be increased or decreased by adjusting the opening of the second pressure regulating valve 8.

[0038] It should be noted that the pressure vessel 2 is equipped with a temperature sensor and a first pressure sensor 11 to detect the temperature and pressure inside the pressure vessel. The pressure vessel 2 is also equipped with a hydrogen concentration detection sensor 17. The pressure vessel is also equipped with a pressure relief pipeline, which is equipped with a proportional valve, a switching valve, and a third flow meter. The first flow meter 4, the second pressure sensor 14, the proportional valve 15, the third flow meter 16, and the switching valve 13 are each individually connected to a controller. The controller is a PLC controller or other type of controller. The switching valve 13 can be a solenoid valve. The hydrogen concentration sensor 17 is used to detect the hydrogen concentration inside the pressure vessel 2 to achieve safety monitoring and control. When the hydrogen concentration inside the pressure vessel 2 exceeds the alarm value, the controller controls the switching valve to open to maintain the pressure inside the pressure vessel. The proportional valve is opened to discharge and replace the gas inside the pressure vessel. The controller turns on the blower 1. The controller adjusts the airflow of the blower according to the value of the third flow meter 16 to ensure the stability of the gas source volume and pressure inside the pressure vessel.

[0039] In addition, one end of the steam-side heat balance component 10 is connected to the steam pipeline. The steam pipeline is equipped with a pneumatic valve 6 and a second flow meter 7, and a third pressure sensor 18. The pneumatic valve 6, the second flow meter 7, and the third pressure sensor 18 are connected to the controller.

[0040] The electrolysis system provided in this embodiment places the electrolytic cell 3 in the pressure vessel 2. Air with a set pressure is injected into the pressure vessel 2 by the fan in the air-side heat balance component, so that the pressure vessel operates under the set pressure. This enables the high-temperature solid oxide electrolytic cell to operate in a high-pressure environment and ensures high hydrogen production pressure. It can be effectively connected to the high-pressure compressor of downstream users, which facilitates the selection of compressors.

[0041] Example 2 This embodiment discloses a working method for a high-voltage electrolysis system for solid oxides, including the following: The controller acquires the hydrogen concentration in the pressure vessel from the hydrogen concentration sensor 17, the pressure value P6 in the pressure vessel from the first pressure sensor 11, the pressure value P7 in the pressure relief pipeline from the second pressure sensor 14, and the flow rate values ​​at the first flow meter 4 and the third flow meter 16. It then determines whether the hydrogen concentration in the pressure vessel exceeds the limit. If it does not exceed the limit, it ensures that the switching valve and the proportional valve are in the closed state. If the limit is exceeded, the controller adjusts the opening of the switch valve 13 so that the air pressure value P6 in the pressure vessel 2 is equal to the air pressure value P7 in the pressure relief pipeline, so as to ensure the stability of the internal air pressure during the venting process of the pressure vessel 2. After the gas pressure P6 in the pressure vessel 2 equals the gas pressure P7 in the pressure relief pipeline, the controller opens the proportional valve according to the opening relationship, adjusts the flow rate of the main blower 1, so that the blower flow rate is equal to the sum of the flow rates of the first flow meter 4 and the third flow meter 16, and replaces the gas in the pressure vessel 2 while maintaining the stability of the gas pressure in the pressure vessel 2, thereby reducing the hydrogen concentration.

[0042] It should be explained that the proportional valve opening value is related to the hydrogen concentration value, which is calculated using existing calibration and interpolation. When the hydrogen concentration drops to the lower limit, the switch valve and the proportional valve are closed in sequence, the exhaust stops, and the fan flow is updated again. This ensures that the hydrogen concentration is monitored and controlled while maintaining stable gas pressure inside the pressure vessel.

[0043] Example 3 Considering that the pressure regulation process of a pressure vessel not only needs to achieve the required pressure value, but also needs to ensure the pressure difference between the steam side pressure and the air side pressure during the adjustment process, this embodiment discloses a pressure regulation method for a high-pressure electrolysis system for solid oxides, including the following: The requirement is that the steam pressure on the steam side is greater than the air pressure on the air side to prevent air from seeping into the steam side and causing electrode oxidation. That is, the steam pressure value P3 on the steam side - the air pressure value P6 inside the pressure vessel = ΔP, ΔP>0.

[0044] In the process of pressure regulation of pressure vessels, since the steam inlet and outlet of the electrolytic cell are connected by internal pipelines, the steam side pressure control monitoring and acquisition signal is based on the gas pressure of the steam outlet pipeline of the electrolytic cell, i.e., P3.

[0045] Since the air inlet and outlet of the electrolytic cell is an open structure, the pressure control and monitoring signal on the air side is the pressure inside the pressure vessel, i.e., P6.

[0046] The target gas pressure value required inside the pressure vessel during the pressure regulation process is represented by P. need express.

[0047] The relationship between the opening degree of the first pressure regulating valve 5 and the pressure of the second pressure regulating valve 8 is obtained through pre-calibration.

[0048] During the pressure regulation process of the pressure vessel, the pressure P6 inside the pressure vessel 2 obtained by the first pressure sensor 11 is compared with the required value P. need Compare them.

[0049] When P6 <P need First, adjust the opening of the first pressure regulating valve 5 to increase the pressure inside the pressure vessel 2. Then, adjust the second pressure regulating valve to make the steam pressure P3 = P6 + ΔP. Finally, determine the relationship between P6 and P. need The relationship ends if the two conditions are equal; otherwise, it proceeds to the next cycle. When P6=P need Then only adjust the second pressure regulating valve 8 to make the steam pressure P3 = P6 + ΔP, and finally judge the relationship between P6 and P. need The relationship ends when the two are equal. When P6>P need First, adjust the opening of the first pressure regulating valve 5 to reduce the pressure inside the pressure vessel 2. Then, adjust the second pressure regulating valve to make the steam pressure P3 = P6 + ΔP. Finally, determine the relationship between P6 and P. need The relationship ends when the values ​​are equal; otherwise, it proceeds to the next cycle.

[0050] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-voltage electrolysis system for solid oxides, characterized in that, include: Pressure vessel, pressure vessel is equipped with pressure relief pipeline, pressure relief pipeline is equipped with switch valve; Electrolytic cell, placed in a pressure vessel; An air-side heat balance component is provided, with one end connected to a fan and the other end connected to a pressure vessel so that the air-side heat balance component is connected to the anode of the electrolytic cell. A first pressure regulating valve is provided at the tail end of the air-side heat balance component. The steam-side heat balancing component passes through the pressure vessel and is connected to the cathode of the electrolytic cell. The cathode outlet of the electrolytic cell also passes through the pressure vessel and is connected to the steam-side heat balancing component. A second pressure regulating valve is installed at the tail end of the steam-side heat balancing component. By adjusting the opening of the first pressure regulating valve, the second pressure regulating valve, and the switching valve, a first pressure difference limit is maintained between the steam side and the air side and the operating environment during the operation of the electrolytic cell, and a second pressure difference limit is maintained between the steam side and the air side during the operation of the electrolytic cell.

2. The high-voltage electrolysis system for solid oxides according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air-side heat balance component and the steam-side heat balance component can be located inside or outside the pressure vessel.

3. The high-voltage electrolysis system for solid oxides according to claim 1, characterized in that, One end of the steam-side heat balance component is connected to the steam pipeline, which is equipped with a pneumatic valve and a second flow meter, and a third pressure sensor.

4. The high-voltage electrolysis system for solid oxides according to claim 1, characterized in that, A temperature sensor is installed inside the pressure vessel to obtain the temperature inside the pressure vessel, a first pressure sensor is installed inside the pressure vessel to obtain the pressure inside the pressure vessel, and a hydrogen concentration sensor is installed inside the pressure vessel. The temperature sensor, the first air pressure sensor, and the hydrogen concentration sensor are respectively connected to the controller, and the controller is respectively connected to the fan, the air-side heat balance component, and the steam-side heat balance component.

5. A high-voltage electrolysis system for solid oxides according to claim 4, characterized in that, The tail end of the air-side thermal balance component is equipped with a first flow meter, and the pressure relief pipeline is also equipped with a second pressure sensor, a proportional valve, and a third flow meter. The first flow meter, the second pressure sensor, the proportional valve, the third flow meter, and the switching valve are each individually connected to the controller. When the hydrogen concentration in the pressure vessel exceeds the alarm value, the controller controls the switching valve to open to maintain the pressure in the pressure vessel, opens the proportional valve to discharge and replace the gas in the pressure vessel, and the controller turns on the fan. The controller adjusts the air volume of the fan according to the value of the third flow meter.

6. The high-voltage electrolysis system for solid oxides according to claim 1, characterized in that, The volume inside the pressure vessel is larger than the volume of the electrolytic cell.

7. The operating method of a high-voltage electrolysis system for solid oxides according to claim 5, characterized in that, Includes the following: The controller acquires the hydrogen concentration inside the pressure vessel, the gas pressure inside the pressure vessel, the gas pressure in the pressure relief pipeline, and the flow rate at the first and third flow meters. The controller determines whether the hydrogen concentration in the pressure vessel exceeds the limit based on the value detected by the hydrogen concentration sensor. If it does not exceed the limit, the switch valve and proportional valve are closed. If it exceeds the limit, the switch valve is opened to make the gas pressure in the pressure vessel equal to the gas pressure in the pressure relief pipeline, so as to ensure the stability of the internal gas pressure during the gas discharge process of the pressure vessel. Once the gas pressure inside the pressure vessel equals the gas pressure in the pressure relief pipeline, the controller opens the proportional valve according to the opening ratio, adjusting the main fan flow rate so that the fan flow rate equals the sum of the flow rates of the first and third flow meters. This displaces the gas inside the pressure vessel while maintaining the stability of the gas pressure inside the pressure vessel, thereby reducing the hydrogen concentration.

8. The operating method of a high-voltage electrolysis system for solid oxides according to claim 7, characterized in that, When the controller detects that the hydrogen concentration in the pressure vessel has decreased to the lower limit, it sequentially closes the switching valve and the proportional valve, stops the exhaust, and updates the fan flow rate again, so that the fan flow rate is equal to the sum of the flow rates of the first and third flow meters.

9. The pressure control method for a high-voltage electrolysis system for solid oxides according to claim 5, characterized in that, The controller acquires the steam pressure value on the steam side and adjusts the regulation of the first pressure regulating valve and the second pressure regulating valve to regulate the pressure so that the difference between the steam pressure value on the steam side and the gas pressure value inside the pressure vessel is greater than 0.

10. The pressure control method for a high-voltage electrolysis system for solid oxides according to claim 9, characterized in that, Includes the following: The controller compares the pressure P6 inside the pressure vessel obtained from the first pressure sensor with the target pressure value P required inside the pressure vessel. need Comparison, when P6 <P need First, adjust the opening of the first pressure regulating valve to increase the pressure inside the pressure vessel. Then, adjust the second pressure regulating valve to make the steam pressure P3 = P6 + ΔP. Finally, determine the relationship between P6 and P. need If the relationships are equal, the cycle ends; otherwise, it proceeds to the next cycle. When P6=P need Then, only adjust the second pressure regulating valve to make the steam pressure P3 = P6 + ΔP, and finally determine the relationship between P6 and P. need The relationship ends when they are equal. When P6>P need First, adjust the opening of the first pressure regulating valve to reduce the pressure inside the pressure vessel. Then, adjust the second pressure regulating valve to make the steam pressure P3 = P6 + ΔP. Finally, determine the relationship between P6 and P. need If the relationships are equal, the cycle ends; otherwise, it proceeds to the next cycle.

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