Portable coal mine geomechanical parameter in-situ test alignment drilling machine and drilling method
By using a portable in-situ testing and straightening drill for coal mine geomechanical parameters, combined with a laser straightening system and different drill rods, the problems of borehole verticality and borehole wall integrity in coal mine roadways were solved, achieving low-cost, high-precision drilling and supporting the accuracy of roadway design and support parameters.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511428814.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-10-04
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-18
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies make it difficult to achieve in-situ testing of geomechanical parameters in coal mine roadways at low cost, and the boreholes are difficult to meet the requirements of verticality and borehole wall integrity, which affects the testing accuracy and application.
A portable in-situ testing and straightening drilling rig for coal mine geomechanical parameters is adopted, equipped with a laser straightening emitter and a beam-forming auxiliary device. Combined with drill rods and connectors of different diameters, the laser straightening system and pneumatic drilling rig are used to achieve verticality of the borehole and integrity of the borehole wall, adapting to the testing needs of different geomechanical parameters.
It achieves low-cost, rapid, and high-precision drilling, meets the testing requirements of different geomechanical parameters, and provides a reliable basis for tunnel layout and support design.
Smart Images
Figure CN120968434A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to a portable in-situ testing and straightening drilling machine for coal mine geomechanical parameters and a drilling method, belonging to the field of coal mine roadway construction technology. Background Technology
[0002] In coal mine roadway engineering, geomechanical parameters such as roof fracture distribution, uniaxial compressive strength, in-situ stress, elastic modulus, cohesion, and internal friction angle are fundamental to roadway layout, tunneling technology selection, and support parameter design. Currently, these geomechanical parameters are mainly obtained through laboratory testing, in-situ testing, and machine learning inversion prediction. In-situ testing offers high accuracy and serves as a reference for other methods; therefore, numerous in-situ testing methods and related equipment for geomechanical parameters have been developed and applied in the field of roadway surrounding rock. Different geomechanical parameter testing methods generally require drilling into the roof and delivering the test probe or core component to the study area via a metal rod.
[0003] The borehole diameter requirements for testing different geomechanical parameters generally vary, but the borehole walls must all be sufficiently smooth, intact, and vertical. For fracture distribution and in-situ uniaxial compressive strength testing, smaller borehole diameters are generally required, and pneumatic anchor drilling rigs commonly used in coal mines can suffice. However, for in-situ testing of ground stress, elastic modulus, cohesion, and internal friction angle, the borehole diameter generally exceeds 50mm. Using water-drainage drilling rigs would increase testing costs, hindering the field application and widespread adoption of in-situ geomechanical parameter testing. Tracked drilling rigs generally cannot meet the requirements for vertical drilling, and drilling would adversely affect the roadway cross-section. Using pneumatic anchor drilling rigs would cause swaying and deflection during drilling due to the thinness of the drill rod, resulting in borehole wall breakage and distortion, making it difficult to meet testing requirements. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a portable in-situ testing and straightening drilling machine and drilling method for coal mine geomechanical parameters. This method enables the drilling of in-situ test holes for coal mine roadway roof geomechanical parameters at a lower cost, and ensures that the boreholes meet the testing requirements. Ultimately, it lays the foundation for roadway layout, selection of tunneling technology and design of support parameters.
[0005] Preferably, the present invention provides a portable in-situ testing and straightening drilling machine for coal mine geomechanical parameters, including a laser straightening emitter and a laser beam forming auxiliary device. Both the laser straightening emitter and the laser beam forming auxiliary device are installed in the drill bit shank and are distributed sequentially.
[0006] Preferredly, the drill rods include small connectors, large connectors, small-diameter drill rods, medium-diameter drill rods, and large-diameter drill rods. One of the small-diameter drill rods, medium-diameter drill rods, and large-diameter drill rods may be used. The small-diameter drill rod is connected to the drill bit of the drilling rig, or the medium-diameter drill rod is connected to the drill bit of the drilling rig through the small connector, or the large-diameter drill rod is connected to the drill bit of the drilling rig through the large connector.
[0007] Preferredly, it includes a laser straightening receiver, a signal transmission line, and a straightening digital display screen. The laser straightening receiver is installed in the drill bit shank. The laser straightening receiver, laser straightening transmitter, and laser beam forming auxiliary device are distributed in sequence. The laser straightening receiver is connected to the straightening digital display screen through the signal transmission line.
[0008] Preferred, the portable in-situ testing and straightening drill for coal mine geomechanical parameters is pneumatic, with an air pressure of 0.45~0.6MPa and a water pressure of 0.6~1.0MPa, and is connected to the mine's ventilation and water pipes; the maximum drilling depth of the portable in-situ testing and straightening drill for coal mine geomechanical parameters does not exceed 15m, and the maximum drilling deflection angle does not exceed 60°.
[0009] Preferred, the retractable outriggers of the drilling rig are telescopic outriggers with a single section extension height of 1m and a cumulative extension height of 3m. The extension and retraction of the retractable outriggers of the drilling rig are driven by the drilling rig base.
[0010] Priority is given to installing a small drill rod on the drill rig if in-situ testing of geomechanical parameters, including borehole imaging and uniaxial compressive strength, is required. If in-situ testing of geomechanical parameters, including geostress, is required, a medium drill rod is installed on the drill rig. If in-situ testing of geomechanical parameters, including elastic modulus, cohesion, and internal friction angle, is required, a large drill rod is installed on the drill rig. The diameters of the small, medium, and large drill rods increase sequentially.
[0011] Preferably, the outer diameter of the small drill rod is 22mm, the drill bit diameter of the small drill rod is 30mm, the outer diameter of the medium drill rod is 42mm, the drill bit diameter of the medium drill rod is 55mm, the outer diameter of the large drill rod is 60mm, and the drill bit diameter of the large drill rod is 80mm.
[0012] The small, medium, and large drill rods are hollow structures, made of high-strength steel. Each section of the small, medium, and large drill rods is 1m or 1.5m long, and the drill rod walls have built-in water guide pipes.
[0013] Prior to this, the drill bit of the portable coal mine geomechanical parameter in-situ testing and straightening drill is a high-strength 1308 spherical composite bit.
[0014] A portable in-situ testing method for coal mine geomechanical parameters to determine verticality using a portable in-situ testing and verticality-determining drilling machine for coal mine geomechanical parameters, comprising the following steps:
[0015] Step S1: Based on the flat floor area of the tunnel, determine the type of geomechanical parameter test and the test borehole parameters including test borehole depth, control diameter, and deflection angle.
[0016] Step S2: Place the portable coal mine geomechanical parameter in-situ testing and straightening drilling rig vertically on the roadway floor, connect the drilling rig's air inlet to the coal mine roadway air supply pipeline, and connect the drilling rig's water inlet to the coal mine roadway water supply pipeline.
[0017] Step S3: Based on the requirements of in-situ testing of geomechanical parameters, connect the small-diameter drill rod to the drill bit of the drilling rig, or connect the medium-diameter drill rod to the drill bit of the drilling rig through a small connector, or connect the large-diameter drill rod to the drill bit of the drilling rig through a large connector.
[0018] Step S4: Start the portable in-situ testing and straightening drilling machine for coal mine geomechanical parameters, use the laser straightening transmitter to emit a laser signal to obtain the laser signal; use the laser straightening receiver to display the digital image of the laser signal on the straightening digital display screen through the signal transmission line; adjust the drilling direction of the portable in-situ testing and straightening drilling machine for coal mine geomechanical parameters in real time according to the digital image and the test borehole parameters.
[0019] Step S5: Pull or swing the operating arm and the drill switch to control the drilling speed of the portable coal mine geomechanical parameter in-situ testing and straightening drill, adjust the height of the drill's telescopic outriggers, straighten and adjust the drill bit to obtain a test borehole.
[0020] Step S6: Observe the hole formation image of the test borehole by straightening the digital display screen, and adjust the actual borehole depth of the test borehole by swinging the operating arm based on the difference between the test borehole depth and the actual borehole depth; adjust the actual diameter of the test borehole based on the measured diameter and the actual diameter of the test borehole.
[0021] The beneficial effects achieved by this invention are as follows:
[0022] This invention proposes a portable in-situ testing and straightening drilling rig for coal mine geomechanical parameters, and a drilling method thereof. It is expected to achieve in-situ testing of geomechanical parameters of coal mine roadway roofs at a lower cost, while ensuring that the boreholes meet testing requirements. Ultimately, this lays the foundation for roadway layout, tunneling process selection, and support parameter design. This is mainly reflected in two aspects: Firstly, compared with water exploration and drainage drilling rigs and crawler drilling rigs, this drilling rig has the advantage of portability, enabling rapid drilling of multiple test boreholes of different diameters within the roadway; secondly, during drilling, different drill rods are connected via connectors, and a laser straightening system is provided, ensuring borehole formation in a single pass, with smooth, intact, and vertical borehole walls. Attached Figure Description
[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0024] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a portable in-situ drilling rig for testing geomechanical parameters in coal mines.
[0025] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of drill bits, connectors, and drill rods for drilling rigs.
[0026] In the diagram, 1-drilling rig inlet, 2-base, 3-laser straightening receiver, 4-signal transmission line, 5-straightening digital display screen, 6-base, 7-drilling rig telescopic outrigger, 8-torsion bearing, 9-operating arm, 10-drilling rig switch, 11-drilling rig air inlet, 12-drilling rig water inlet, 13-drill bit tip, 14-laser straightening transmitter, 15-laser beamforming auxiliary device, 16-drill bit shank, 17-small connector, 18-large connector, 19-small diameter drill rod, 20-medium diameter drill rod, 21-large diameter drill rod. Detailed Implementation
[0027] In this invention, the terms "first" and "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but only on the basis of being achievable by those skilled in the art. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, such a combination of technical solutions should be considered non-existent and not within the scope of protection claimed by this invention.
[0028] See Figure 1A mine conducted borehole inspection of the surrounding rock structure, and tested the in-situ stress and uniaxial compressive strength of the newly excavated roadway. A total of 4 geomechanical parameter assessment stations were set up in the roadway. Each station included 1 borehole for in-situ stress testing and 1 borehole for surrounding rock structure inspection / uniaxial compressive strength testing. The in-situ uniaxial compressive strength testing borehole had the same diameter as the surrounding rock structure inspection borehole, so that the uniaxial compressive strength test could be carried out on the surrounding rock structure inspection borehole after the structural inspection was completed. The test borehole is drilled using a portable in-situ testing and straightening drill for coal mine geomechanical parameters provided by this invention: S1, first, a flat floor area of the roadway is located, and the portable in-situ testing and straightening drill for coal mine geomechanical parameters is placed vertically on the roof. Then, the air inlet 11 and water inlet 12 of the drill are connected to the coal mine roadway ventilation and water supply pipeline through pipelines. The drilling speed is controlled by lifting or swinging the operating arm 9 and the drill switch 10, and the height of the telescopic outriggers 7 of the drill is adjusted to straighten and adjust the portable in-situ testing and straightening drill for coal mine geomechanical parameters.
[0029] S2, during use, first drill the inspection hole / in-situ uniaxial compressive strength test hole of the surrounding rock structure, that is, connect the small diameter drill rod 19 directly to the drill port 1 of the drilling machine.
[0030] S3. After selecting and connecting the appropriate drill rod according to the different test drilling parameters, start the drilling machine. At this time, the laser straightening emitter 14 inside the drill bit will emit a laser downward. The laser straightening receiver 3 inside the drill rod body will display the digital image of the laser signal on the straightening digital display screen 5 through the signal transmission line 4. Adjust the drilling deflection in real time according to the digital image to improve the drilling success rate and ensure that the smoothness and verticality of the hole wall meet the test requirements, and obtain the test drill hole.
[0031] S4. Move the portable straightening drill to the geostress test borehole, repeat step S1, then connect the medium-diameter drill rod 20 to the drill port 1 of the drill rig through the small connector 17, and repeat step S3 to complete the drilling work of a geomechanical parameter test borehole.
[0032] In this embodiment of the application, the drilling rig is a pneumatic drilling rig with a working air pressure of 0.45~0.6MPa. During the operation of the drilling rig, clean water is required for drilling flushing, with a water pressure of 0.6~1.0MPa, and it is connected to the mine's air and water pipe through a pipeline.
[0033] In this embodiment, the retractable outrigger 7 of the drilling rig is a retractable outrigger with a single section extension height of 1m and a cumulative extension height of 3m. The retraction function of the retractable outrigger 7 of the drilling rig is achieved by the drilling rig base 6 with an embedded hydraulic drive system.
[0034] In this embodiment, a small drill rod 19 with a diameter of 22 mm is selected for borehole imaging and uniaxial compressive strength drilling, and the corresponding drill bit diameter is 30 mm; a medium drill rod 20 with a diameter of 42 mm is selected for ground stress drilling, and the corresponding drill bit diameter is 55 mm.
[0035] In this embodiment, the small-diameter drill rod 19 and the medium-diameter drill rod 20 are hollow structures, made of high-strength steel of type Q550D, Q690D, Q890D or Q960E. Each section of the small-diameter drill rod 19 and the medium-diameter drill rod 20 has two specifications: 1m and 1.5m in length. To reduce the influence of water on laser straightening, a 3mm diameter water guide pipe is built into the drill rod wall. The water guide pipe is independent of the laser transmission path.
[0036] In this embodiment, the laser straightening system includes a laser straightening emitter 14, a laser beaming auxiliary device 15, a laser straightening receiver 3, a signal transmission line 4, and a straightening digital display screen 5. The laser straightening emitter 14 includes a semiconductor laser and a miniature battery to excite high-intensity red rays. The laser beaming auxiliary device 15 includes a small telescope and a 1cm diameter aperture to condense the emitted high-intensity red rays into a laser beam that can be transmitted over long distances. During operation of the portable coal mine geomechanical parameter in-situ testing and straightening drilling rig, the emitted laser beam is transmitted to the straightening receiver 3 through the hollow drill pipe.
[0037] In this embodiment of the application, compared with conventional diamond drill bits, the drill bit equipped with the portable coal mine geomechanical parameter in-situ testing and straightening drill bit includes a laser straightening system, and the diamond is a high-strength 1308 spherical composite sheet.
[0038] In this embodiment, the small connector 17 is made of ultra-high strength steel, which is stronger than the drill pipe, and is of type S700 or higher.
[0039] In this embodiment of the application, the drilling depth for this test was 10m, and the drill bit was taken vertically from the top plate.
[0040] The drilling rig, base, laser straightening receiver, signal transmission line, straightening digital display screen, base, retractable outriggers, torsion bearing, operating arm, drilling rig switch, air inlet, water inlet, drill bit tip, laser straightening transmitter, laser beam forming auxiliary device, drill bit shank, small connector, large connector, small diameter drill rod, medium diameter drill rod, and large diameter drill rod are among the many models that can be used in the prior art. Those skilled in the art can select according to actual needs, and no examples will be given in this embodiment.
[0041] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments.
[0042] Other embodiments of the invention will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the invention described herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention that follow the general principles of the invention and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not invented herein. The specification and embodiments are to be considered exemplary only.
[0043] Finally, the following points should be noted: First, in the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection", "joining", and "fitting" should be interpreted broadly, and can refer to mechanical or electrical connections, or internal connections between two components, or direct connections. "Up", "down", "left", "right", etc. are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may change.
[0044] Secondly: The accompanying drawings of the embodiments disclosed in this invention only involve the structures involved in the embodiments disclosed in this invention. Other structures can refer to the general design. The above specific embodiments have further described the purpose, technical solution and beneficial effects of this application in detail. It should be understood that the above are only specific embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made on the basis of the technical solution of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.
Claims
1. A portable in-situ drilling rig for testing and straightening geomechanical parameters in coal mines, characterized in that, It includes a laser straightening emitter (14) and a laser beam forming auxiliary device (15). Both the laser straightening emitter (14) and the laser beam forming auxiliary device (15) are installed in the drill bit shank (16). The laser straightening emitter (14) and the laser beam forming auxiliary device (15) are distributed in sequence. The laser straightening emitter (14) emits a laser signal to obtain the laser signal and a digital image of the laser signal. According to the digital image and the preset test drilling parameters, the drilling direction of the drill bit (1) is adjusted in real time.
2. The portable in-situ testing and straightening drill for coal mine geomechanical parameters according to claim 1, characterized in that, Includes a small connector (17), a large connector (18), a small-diameter drill rod (19), a medium-diameter drill rod (20), and a large-diameter drill rod (21). One of the small-diameter drill rod (19), the medium-diameter drill rod (20), and the large-diameter drill rod (21) can be used. The small-diameter drill rod (19) is connected to the drill port (1) of the drilling machine, or the medium-diameter drill rod (20) is connected to the drill port (1) of the drilling machine through the small connector (17), or the large-diameter drill rod (21) is connected to the drill port (1) of the drilling machine through the large connector (18).
3. The portable in-situ testing and straightening drill for coal mine geomechanical parameters according to claim 1, characterized in that, It includes a laser straightening receiver (3), a signal transmission line (4), and a straightening digital display screen (5). The laser straightening receiver (3) is installed in the drill bit shank (16). The laser straightening receiver (3), the laser straightening transmitter (14), and the laser beam forming auxiliary device (15) are distributed in sequence. The laser straightening receiver (3) is connected to the straightening digital display screen (5) through the signal transmission line (4).
4. The portable in-situ testing and straightening drill for coal mine geomechanical parameters according to claim 1, characterized in that, The portable in-situ testing and straightening drill for coal mine geomechanical parameters is pneumatic, with an operating air pressure of 0.45~0.6MPa and a water pressure of 0.6~1.0MPa, and is connected to the mine's ventilation and water pipes. The maximum drilling depth of the portable in-situ testing and straightening drill for coal mine geomechanical parameters does not exceed 15m, and the maximum drilling deflection angle does not exceed 60°.
5. A portable in-situ testing and straightening drill for coal mine geomechanical parameters according to claim 1, characterized in that, The retractable outrigger (7) of the drilling rig is a telescopic outrigger with a single section extension height of 1m and a cumulative extension height of 3m. The extension and retraction of the retractable outrigger (7) of the drilling rig is driven by the drilling rig base (6).
6. The portable in-situ testing and straightening drill for coal mine geomechanical parameters according to claim 2, characterized in that, If in-situ testing of geomechanical parameters including borehole imaging and uniaxial compressive strength is required, a small drill rod (19) is selected and installed on the drill mouth (1) of the drilling rig. If in-situ testing of geomechanical parameters including geostress is required, a medium drill rod (20) is selected and installed on the drill mouth (1) of the drilling rig. If in-situ testing of geomechanical parameters including elastic modulus, cohesion, and internal friction angle is required, a large drill rod (21) is selected and installed on the drill mouth (1) of the drilling rig. The diameters of the small drill rod (19), medium drill rod (20), and large drill rod (21) increase in that order.
7. A portable in-situ testing and straightening drill for coal mine geomechanical parameters according to claim 2, characterized in that, The outer diameter of the small drill rod (19) is 22mm, the drill bit diameter of the small drill rod (19) is 30mm, the outer diameter of the medium drill rod (20) is 42mm, the drill bit diameter of the medium drill rod (20) is 55mm, the outer diameter of the large drill rod (21) is 60mm, and the drill bit diameter of the large drill rod (21) is 80mm. The small drill rod (19), medium drill rod (20) and large drill rod (21) are hollow structures. The small drill rod (19), medium drill rod (20) and large drill rod (21) are made of high-strength steel. The length of each telescopic rod of the small drill rod (19), medium drill rod (20) and large drill rod (21) is 1m or 1.5m. The drill rod walls of the small drill rod (19), medium drill rod (20) and large drill rod (21) have built-in water guide pipes.
8. A portable in-situ testing and straightening drill for coal mine geomechanical parameters according to claim 6, characterized in that, The drill bit for the portable coal mine geomechanical parameter in-situ testing and straightening drill is a high-strength 1308 spherical composite bit.
9. A portable in-situ testing method for coal mine geomechanical parameters to determine verticality using a drilling tool, characterized in that... Using the portable in-situ testing and straightening drill for coal mine geomechanical parameters according to any one of claims 1-8, the following steps are performed: Step S1: Based on the flat floor area of the tunnel, determine the type of geomechanical parameter test and the test borehole parameters including test borehole depth, control diameter, and deflection angle. Step S2: Place the portable coal mine geomechanical parameter in-situ testing and straightening drilling machine vertically on the bottom plate of the roadway, connect the drilling machine air inlet (11) to the coal mine roadway air supply pipeline, and connect the drilling machine water inlet (12) to the coal mine roadway water supply pipeline. Step S3: Based on the requirements of in-situ testing of geomechanical parameters, connect the small-diameter drill rod (19) to the drill port (1) of the drilling rig, or connect the medium-diameter drill rod (20) to the drill port (1) of the drilling rig through the small connector (17), or connect the large-diameter drill rod (21) to the drill port (1) of the drilling rig through the large connector (18). Step S4: Start the portable coal mine geomechanical parameter in-situ testing and straightening drilling machine, use the laser straightening transmitter (14) to emit a laser signal and obtain the laser signal; use the laser straightening receiver (3) to display the digital image of the laser signal on the straightening digital display screen (5) through the signal transmission line (4); adjust the drilling direction of the portable coal mine geomechanical parameter in-situ testing and straightening drilling machine in real time according to the digital image and the test borehole parameters. Step S5: Pull or swing the operating arm (9) and the drill switch (10) to control the drilling speed of the portable coal mine geomechanical parameter in-situ testing and straightening drill, adjust the height of the drill telescopic outrigger (7) to straighten the drill hole (1) and obtain the test borehole. Step S6: Observe the hole formation image of the test borehole through the straight digital display screen (5), and adjust the actual borehole depth of the test borehole by swinging the operating arm (9) based on the difference between the test borehole depth and the actual borehole depth; adjust the actual diameter of the test borehole based on the control diameter and the actual diameter of the test borehole.