Active adjustment protection system and method based on gas injection hole risk composite determination

Abstract

This invention discloses an active adjustment and protection system and method based on the composite judgment of gas blowout risk, which is carried out in the following steps: After connecting the blowout prevention sealing pipe at the orifice to the temporary sealing device at the borehole opening of the target coal seam, the drilling rig is started, and the protection system and monitoring system are activated simultaneously to start the construction operation of the extraction borehole; after the monitoring system collects multi-source data signals, it performs robust preprocessing and standardization; three types of logic gate criteria are constructed to judge the preprocessed data respectively, calculate the composite risk index and mark the risk level; according to the marked risk level, corresponding active adjustment and protection measures are adopted; low extraction negative pressure and high diversion buffer ratio are maintained and continuously monitored, and after the reset condition is met, the drill rod is released from the locked state, the opening of the throttle valve is increased slightly and continuously and the diversion buffer ratio is reduced to resume the construction operation of the extraction borehole. This invention collects and processes multi-source data during drilling, constructs multiple criteria, and calculates a risk composite index. Before a blowout occurs, it provides graded early warnings and performs time-sequential linkage control of rapid closure, locking, pressure reduction, diversion buffering, locking, and controlled reset, thereby achieving orderly control of energy release and reducing the probability of blowouts.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of coal mine gas prevention and control technology, specifically relating to an active adjustment and protection system and method based on the composite judgment of gas eruption risk. Background Technology

[0002] During drilling operations in high-gas coal seams, the coupling effect of stress disturbance and gas seepage can easily lead to sudden increases in gas concentration and abrupt changes in pressure differential within the borehole, potentially triggering dynamic disasters such as coal and gas eruptions. Traditional protection methods, mostly involving the installation of orifice baffles and three-phase separation devices, are essentially passive protection modes, characterized by delayed response and an inability to reliably predict and proactively intervene before eruptions occur. Furthermore, existing technologies typically monitor one or more parameters individually, triggering drilling shutdown or valve closure with fixed thresholds. This results in information silos between multiple data sources, failing to create effective coordinated decision-making and making it difficult to significantly reduce the probability and intensity of eruptions while ensuring operational continuity.

[0003] In summary, the purpose of this invention is to provide an active adjustment and protection system and method based on blowout prediction; by collecting and processing multi-source data during drilling, constructing multiple criteria and calculating a risk composite index, providing graded early warning before a blowout occurs, and performing time-sequential linkage control of fast closure—lock-up—pressure reduction—flow diversion buffer—locking—controlled reset, thereby completing the orderly control of energy release and reducing the probability of blowout occurrence. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides an active adjustment and protection system and method based on the composite judgment of gas eruption risk, which suppresses or reduces the intensity and probability of eruption from the source and achieves inherent safety.

[0005] According to the present invention, an active adjustment protection system and method based on the composite judgment of gas blowout risk is proposed. The overall system consists of two parts: a protection system and a monitoring system. The protection system includes a five-way pipe (1) at the orifice, a blowout prevention sealing pipe (2) at the orifice, a buffer bag (4), a drill pipe hydraulic locking mechanism (7), a drill pipe (8), a blowout prevention box (9), a gas-water separation device (10), a drainage device (11), a slag removal device (12), and a main extraction pipeline (15). The monitoring system includes a buffer bag opening electric control valve (3), a pipeline laser methane monitoring sensor (5), a drill pipe vibration monitoring sensor (6), a pipeline flow meter (13), a throttle valve (14), a locking mechanism hydraulic electric control valve (16), a power-off control device (17), a DC power supply (18), an emergency stop power-off control device (19), a downhole micro-vibration monitoring substation (20), a central control module of the monitoring system (21), and a visual human-machine interaction device (22).

[0006] The five-way pipe (1) at the orifice is connected to the blowout preventer (2), the buffer bag (4), the drill pipe hydraulic locking mechanism (7), the blowout preventer box (9), and the gas-water separator (10) via flanges.

[0007] A pipeline laser methane monitoring sensor (5) is provided between the orifice five-way pipe (1) and the gas-water separation device (10), and a buffer bag opening electric control valve (3) is provided between the orifice five-way pipe (1) and the buffer bag (4).

[0008] The blowout preventer (9) is connected to the orifice five-way pipe (1), the gas-water separator (10), and the slag discharge device (12), respectively.

[0009] The gas-water separation device (10) is connected to the orifice five-way pipe (1), the buffer bag (4), the slag discharge box (9), the drainage device (11), the slag discharge device (12), and the extraction main pipeline (15), respectively.

[0010] A pipeline flow meter (13) and a throttle valve (14) are provided between the gas-water separation device (10) and the extraction main pipeline (15).

[0011] The hydraulic electro-hydraulic valve (16) of the locking mechanism is connected to the drill pipe hydraulic locking mechanism (7) and the central control module (21) of the monitoring system, respectively.

[0012] The drill pipe vibration monitoring sensor (6) is installed on the drill pipe hydraulic locking mechanism (7) and connected to the downhole microseismic monitoring substation (20).

[0013] The central control module (21) of the monitoring system is connected to the buffer bag opening electric control valve (3), pipeline laser methane monitoring sensor (5), pipeline flow meter (13), throttle valve (14), locking mechanism hydraulic electric control valve (16), power failure control device (17), DC power supply (18), emergency stop power failure control device (19), downhole microseismic monitoring substation (20) and visualization human-machine interaction device (22).

[0014] Furthermore, the internal architecture of the central control module (21) of the monitoring system includes three parts: a sensing and monitoring layer, a data calculation layer, and an execution control layer, which together complete the time-sequential linkage control of the anti-spraying mechanism.

[0015] Furthermore, the sensing and monitoring layer mainly completes the acquisition and retrieval of multi-source data signals such as gas concentration, flow rate, extraction negative pressure, drill pipe vibration amplitude, and micro-vibration energy / intensity.

[0016] Furthermore, the data computing layer performs robust preprocessing and standardization on the data output by the sensing and monitoring layer, and classifies the current state by combining the three-gate criterion and the composite risk index.

[0017] Furthermore, the execution control layer, based on the hierarchical instructions given by the data calculation layer, controls the adjustable flow valve, three-phase separation device, buffer bag, drill bit locking mechanism, and extraction pump / frequency converter to make corresponding active intervention and regulation, thereby completing the orderly control of energy release and reducing the probability of blowout.

[0018] This invention proposes an active adjustment and protection system and method based on composite risk assessment of gas nozzles. The method includes the following five steps:

[0019] S1: Start drilling operation;

[0020] After connecting the blowout preventer sealing pipe to the temporary sealing device at the borehole opening of the target coal seam, start the drilling rig, simultaneously activate the protection system and monitoring system, and begin the extraction borehole operation.

[0021] S2: Data monitoring and preprocessing;

[0022] Pipeline laser methane monitoring sensors, pipeline flow meters, drill pipe vibration monitoring sensors, and downhole microseismic monitoring substations monitor the corresponding gas concentrations. ,flow Drill pipe vibration amplitude and microseismic energy / intensity After the multi-source data signals are collected, they are transmitted to the central control module of the monitoring system, where robust preprocessing and standardization are performed on the data.

[0023] S3: Nozzle risk level assessment;

[0024] Three types of logic gate criteria are constructed to distinguish the preprocessed data: a rate gate for detecting sudden increases in the rate of change of the monitored data. A fluctuation gate is used to address the phenomenon where the variance of data with a short window is significantly amplified compared to that with a long window. A polarity reversal gate for reversal phenomena such as a continuous decrease in negative pressure during extraction while concentration and flow rate increase. Calculate the composite risk index And assign risk levels.

[0025] S4: Proactive intervention and regulation;

[0026] Based on the identified risk level, appropriate proactive protective measures should be adopted:

[0027] Level 1, normal stage, maintain the opening of the throttle valve. , buffer ratio of the buffer bag Extraction negative pressure Drilling rate The baseline setting parameters.

[0028] Level 1, early warning stage, reduce the throttle valve opening. Extraction negative pressure and drilling rate And improve the shunting buffer ratio of the buffer bag. A continuous closed-loop control system is implemented, consisting of throttling and buffering, drilling deceleration, and extraction pressure reduction.

[0029] Level 1, high-risk stage, further enhanced The control loop amplitude is adjusted to the level, and the drill pipe hydraulic locking mechanism is pre-started.

[0030] At the critical / blowout stage, a time-series linkage control system is implemented, which includes fast closure of the throttle valve, locking of the drill pipe, reduction of the extraction negative pressure to the lower limit, adjustment of the diversion buffer ratio to the upper limit, and locking and continuous monitoring.

[0031] S5: Resume drilling operations;

[0032] Maintain low extraction negative pressure and high diversion buffer ratio while continuously monitoring. Once the reset conditions are met, release the drill pipe from its locked state and gradually increase the opening of the throttle valve. And reduce the shunt buffer ratio Construction work on the extraction boreholes has resumed.

[0033] Furthermore, the robust data preprocessing and standardization in step S2 employs a combination of exponential moving average, median absolute deviation, and Savitzky-Golay (SG) smoothing to "de-peak" and "reduce noise" in the data set. The robust mean and scale are shown in equation (1):

[0034] (1)

[0035] In the formula: It is a robust mean; For robust standards; Set the statistical window to 120 seconds.

[0036] The standardized deviation is calculated as shown in equation (2):

[0037] (2)

[0038] In the formula: This is a standardized deviation, dimensionless. This is the original monitoring data; It is a very small positive number to prevent division by zero.

[0039] Data fluctuation handling is shown in equation (3):

[0040] (3)

[0041] In the formula: This is the short / long robust variance ratio, dimensionless; The short fluctuation window length is set to 30 s; The length of the long fluctuation window is set to 10 min.

[0042] The robust rate of change is calculated as shown in equation (4):

[0043] (4)

[0044] In the formula: For robust rate of change; The data sampling period is s; These are the first derivative coefficients of SG; This refers to the preprocessed monitoring data; The window is half its length; For the SG window points, take .

[0045] Furthermore, the three-gate criterion in step S3 is shown in equation (5):

[0046] (5)

[0047] In the formula: For rate gates; For wave gate; It is a polarity reversal door; For Iverson's criterion function, ; The rate threshold is set to 5-8 times the derivative noise. The fluctuation threshold is set at 2.0–2.5. The length of the polarity reversal determination window is set to 20 seconds. To determine the reversal percentage and threshold, .

[0048] Furthermore, the composite risk index in step S3 The calculation is shown in equation (6):

[0049] (6)

[0050] In the formula: For the weights of the linear terms, , , , ; For the weights of the coupling terms, , ; For the weight of the fluctuation term, , .

[0051] The composite risk index is normalized according to formula (7):

[0052] (7)

[0053] In the formula: Normalized risk value; For normalized lower / upper limits.

[0054] Furthermore, the risk levels in step S3 are divided into four levels, as follows: ; and ; and ; and ;in .

[0055] Furthermore, the active adjustment and protection measures in step S4 are executed in the following sequence: fast closing—locking—voltage reduction—diversion buffering—locking. The continuous closed-loop control of the stage is set according to formula (8):

[0056] (8)

[0057] In the formula: The throttle valve opening setting value, % Set the buffer ratio for the buffer bag shunting; The negative pressure setpoint for extraction is in kPa. The drilling speed setting, in m / h; This is the initial setting value; Upper / lower limits, 0 / 1; It is the gain constant. .

[0058] Furthermore, the reset condition in step S5 should satisfy the composite risk index. .

[0059] Compared with the prior art, the active adjustment and protection system and method based on the composite judgment of gas nozzle risk disclosed in this invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0060] This invention, through monitoring multi-source data during drilling and based on the coupled judgment of rate, fluctuation, polarity, and composite risk index, can effectively avoid misjudgment by a single monitoring indicator and threshold, break the information silo effect, and enhance the interpretability and rationality of gas eruption risk prediction.

[0061] This invention uses a sequential control chain of "fast closing—locking—pressure reduction—diversion buffering—locking—controlled reset" to actively control energy release in an orderly manner; and integrates multi-level monitoring indicators with the control module to form an effective linkage decision, thereby suppressing or reducing the intensity and probability of nozzle occurrence from the source while ensuring the continuity of operation. Attached Figure Description

[0062] To make the objectives, methods, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some practical examples of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without any creative effort. In particular:

[0063] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the protective system structure of an active adjustment and protection system and method based on the composite determination of gas nozzle risk disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0064] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the monitoring system structure of an active adjustment and protection system and method based on the composite determination of gas nozzle risk disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0065] Figure 3 This is a diagram of the central control module architecture of a monitoring system for an active adjustment and protection system and method based on composite risk determination of gas nozzles, as disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0066] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the adjustment sequence of an active adjustment and protection system and method based on a composite risk assessment of gas nozzles, as disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0067] 1: Orifice five-way pipe; 2: Orifice blowout preventer sealing pipe; 3: Buffer bag opening solenoid valve; 4: Buffer bag; 5: Pipeline laser methane monitoring sensor; 6: Drill pipe vibration monitoring sensor; 7: Drill pipe hydraulic locking mechanism; 8: Drill pipe; 9: Blowout preventer box; 10: Gas-water separator; 11: Drainage device; 12: Slag removal device; 13: Pipeline flow meter; 14: Throttling valve; 15: Main extraction pipeline; 16: Locking mechanism hydraulic solenoid valve; 17: Power failure control device; 18: DC power supply; 19: Emergency stop power failure control device; 20: Downhole microseismic monitoring substation; 21: Central control module of monitoring system; 22: Visual human-machine interaction device. Detailed Implementation

[0068] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. These preferred embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0069] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the protection system structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the monitoring system structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is an architecture diagram of the central control module of the monitoring system provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 The flowchart illustrates the adjustment timing provided in this embodiment of the invention. This invention discloses an active adjustment and protection system and method based on a composite risk assessment of gas nozzles, specifically comprising the following five steps.

[0070] S1: Start drilling operation;

[0071] After connecting the blowout prevention sealing pipe (2) to the temporary sealing device at the borehole opening of the target coal seam, start the drilling rig, simultaneously activate the protection system and monitoring system, and begin the construction operation of the extraction borehole.

[0072] S2: Data monitoring and preprocessing;

[0073] The pipeline laser methane monitoring sensor (5), pipeline flow meter (13), drill pipe vibration monitoring sensor (6), and downhole microseismic monitoring substation (20) in the monitoring system monitor the corresponding gas concentrations. ,flow Drill pipe vibration amplitude and microseismic energy / intensity After the multi-source data signals are collected, they are transmitted to the central control module (21) of the monitoring system, and the data are subjected to robust preprocessing and standardization. Among them, the robust preprocessing and standardization adopts the method of combining exponential moving average, median absolute deviation and SG smoothing to "de-peak" and "reduce noise" of the data group. The robust mean and scale are shown in equation (1):

[0074] (1)

[0075] In the formula: It is a robust mean; For robust standards; Set the statistical window to 120 seconds.

[0076] The standardized deviation is calculated as shown in equation (2):

[0077] (2)

[0078] In the formula: This is a standardized deviation, dimensionless. This is the original monitoring data; It is a very small positive number to prevent division by zero.

[0079] Data fluctuation handling is shown in equation (3):

[0080] (3)

[0081] In the formula: This is the short / long robust variance ratio, dimensionless; The short fluctuation window length is set to 30 s; The length of the long fluctuation window is set to 10 min.

[0082] The robust rate of change is calculated as shown in equation (4):

[0083] (4)

[0084] In the formula: For robust rate of change; The data sampling period is s; These are the first derivative coefficients of SG; This refers to the preprocessed monitoring data; The window is half its length; For the SG window points, take .

[0085] S3: Nozzle risk level assessment;

[0086] Three types of logic gate criteria are constructed to distinguish the preprocessed data: a rate gate for detecting sudden increases in the rate of change of the monitored data. A fluctuation gate is used to address the phenomenon where the variance of data with a short window is significantly amplified compared to that with a long window. A polarity reversal gate for reversal phenomena such as a continuous decrease in negative pressure during extraction while concentration and flow rate increase. Calculate the composite risk index And assign risk levels. These include three criteria-based and composite risk indices. The calculation formula and normalization process are shown in equations (5) to (7):

[0087] (5)

[0088] (6)

[0089] (7)

[0090] In the formula: For rate gates; For wave gate; It is a polarity reversal door; For Iverson's criterion function, ; The rate threshold is set to 5-8 times the derivative noise. The fluctuation threshold is set at 2.0–2.5. The length of the polarity reversal determination window is set to 20 seconds. To determine the reversal percentage and threshold, ; For the weights of the linear terms, , , , ; For the weights of the coupling terms, , ; For the weight of the fluctuation term, , ; Normalized risk value; For normalized lower / upper limits.

[0091] The risk levels are divided into four levels, as follows: ; And ; and ; and ;in .

[0092] S4: Proactive intervention and regulation;

[0093] Based on the identified risk level, appropriate proactive protective measures should be adopted:

[0094] Level, normal stage, maintain the opening of throttle valve (14). The shunting buffer ratio of the buffer bag (4) Extraction negative pressure Drilling rate The baseline setting parameters.

[0095] Level 1, early warning stage, reduce the opening of throttle valve (14). Extraction negative pressure and drilling rate And improve the shunting buffer ratio of the buffer bag (4). A continuous closed-loop control system is implemented, consisting of throttling and buffering, drilling deceleration, and extraction pressure reduction.

[0096] Level 1, high-risk stage, further enhanced The control closed-loop amplitude of the level, and the drill pipe hydraulic locking mechanism (7) is pre-started.

[0097] Level, critical / jet stage, implement time-series linkage control by quickly closing the throttle valve (14), locking the drill rod (8), reducing the extraction negative pressure to the lower limit, adjusting the diversion buffer ratio to the upper limit, locking the state and continuously monitoring.

[0098] The aforementioned active adjustment and protection measures should be implemented in the following sequence: rapid closure—locking—pressure reduction—diversion buffer—locking. The continuous closed-loop control of the stage is set according to formula (8):

[0099] (8)

[0100] In the formula: The throttle valve opening setting value, % Set the buffer ratio for the buffer bag shunting; The negative pressure setpoint for extraction is in kPa. The drilling speed setting, in m / h; This is the initial setting value; Upper / lower limits, 0 / 1; It is the gain constant. .

[0101] S5: Resume drilling operations;

[0102] Maintain low extraction negative pressure and high diversion buffer ratio and continue monitoring until the composite risk index is reached. That is, if the reset condition is met, the locked state of the drill pipe (8) is released, and the opening of the throttle valve (14) is increased slightly and continuously. And reduce the shunt buffer ratio Construction work on the extraction boreholes has resumed.

[0103] For ease of understanding, the present invention provides the following specific embodiments:

[0104] Taking the measured parameters of a certain mine as an example, the robust average gas concentration in the extraction pipeline , robust scale The average amount of pure gas extraction is stable. , robust scale Sampling period Short-term fluctuation window Long-term fluctuation window Polarity Reversal Window ; Initial opening of the throttle valve lower limit ,but Initial extraction negative pressure lower limit ,but Initial drilling speed lower limit ,but The fluctuation gain coefficient is set to Normalized upper / lower bound values Linear term weights , Coupling term weights Fluctuation term weight , Threshold setting: , , , .

[0105] Within the last 5 seconds, the methane concentration was observed to rise from 10.9% to 12.2%, and the pure methane flow rate increased from 14 m³ / s. 3 / min increased to 17m 3 / min, the negative pressure during extraction decreased slightly by 0.3 kPa, and the data fluctuated. , Then the robust rate of change , .

[0106] Standardized deviation calculation: , .

[0107] Composite Risk Index Calculation: Linear Term Coupling terms Fluctuation term Then the composite risk index Normalization process .

[0108] Perform three types of logic gate criteria: , , The rate gate is true; , The wave gate is true; and , The reverse door is fake.

[0109] The risk level is determined as follows: And the logic gate criterion satisfies Therefore, the current risk level is Level 1, in a high-risk stage.

[0110] Active adjustment of protective measures should be implemented in the sequence of throttling and buffering—drilling deceleration—extraction and pressure reduction, among which... , , , That is, set the throttle valve opening to 21%, the diversion buffer ratio to 0.78, the extraction negative pressure to 13.76 kPa, and the drilling speed to 4.98 m / h.

[0111] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the method of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the method described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding method to deviate from the scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A proactive adjustment and protection method based on a composite risk assessment of gas nozzles, characterized in that, It includes the following five steps: S1: Start drilling operation; After connecting the blowout preventer sealing pipe to the temporary sealing device at the borehole opening of the target coal seam, start the drilling rig, simultaneously activate the protection system and monitoring system, and begin the drilling operation of the extraction borehole. The protection system includes a five-way pipe at the orifice, a blowout preventer sealing pipe at the orifice, a buffer bag, a hydraulic locking mechanism for the drill pipe, the drill pipe, a blowout preventer box, a gas-water separator, a drainage device, a slag discharge device, and a main extraction pipeline. The monitoring system includes a buffer bladder opening electrically controlled valve, a pipeline laser methane monitoring sensor, a drill pipe vibration monitoring sensor, a pipeline flow meter, a throttle valve, a locking mechanism hydraulic electrically controlled valve, a power-off control device, a DC power supply, an emergency stop power-off control device, a downhole micro-vibration monitoring substation, a central control module for the monitoring system, and a visual human-machine interaction device. S2: Data monitoring and preprocessing; Pipeline laser methane monitoring sensors, pipeline flow meters, drill pipe vibration monitoring sensors, and downhole microseismic monitoring substations monitor the corresponding gas concentrations. ,flow Drill pipe vibration amplitude and microseismic energy / intensity After acquiring data signals from multiple sources, the data is transmitted to the central control module of the monitoring system, where robust preprocessing and standardization are performed. The robust preprocessing and standardization employs a combination of exponential moving average, median absolute deviation, and SG smoothing to "de-peak" and "reduce noise" in the data set. Robust mean and scale are: In the formula: It is a robust mean; For robust standards; Set the statistical window to 120 seconds; Standardized deviation calculation: In the formula: This is a standardized deviation, dimensionless. This is the original monitoring data; It must be a very small positive number to prevent division by zero; Data fluctuation handling: In the formula: The short / long robust variance ratio is dimensionless. The short fluctuation window length is set to 30 s; The length of the long fluctuation window is set to 10 min. Robust rate of change calculation: In the formula: For robust rate of change; The data sampling period is s; These are the first derivative coefficients of SG; This refers to the preprocessed monitoring data; The window is half its length; For the SG window points, take ; S3: Nozzle risk level assessment; Three types of logic gate criteria are constructed to distinguish the preprocessed data: a rate gate for detecting sudden increases in the rate of change of the monitored data. A fluctuation gate is used to address the phenomenon where the variance of data with a short window is significantly amplified compared to that with a long window. A polarity reversal gate for reversal phenomena such as a continuous decrease in negative pressure during extraction while concentration and flow rate increase. Calculate the compound risk index And assign risk levels; The criteria for the three types of logic gates are as follows: Rate gate Wave Gate Polarity Reversal Gate In the formula: For Iverson's criterion function, ; The rate threshold is set to 5-8 times the derivative noise. The fluctuation threshold is set at 2.0–2.

5. The length of the polarity reversal determination window is set to 20 seconds. To determine the reversal percentage and threshold, The composite risk index The calculation formula is as follows: In the formula: For the weights of the linear terms, , , , ; For the weights of the coupling terms, , ; For the weight of the fluctuation term, , ; Normalization of the composite risk index: In the formula: Normalized risk value; For normalized lower / upper limits; The risk levels are divided into four levels: ; and ; and ; and ;in ; S4: Proactive intervention and regulation; Based on the identified risk level, appropriate proactive protective measures should be adopted: Level 1, normal stage, maintain the opening of the throttle valve. , buffer ratio of the buffer bag Extraction negative pressure Drilling rate The baseline setting parameters; Level 1, early warning stage, reduce the throttle valve opening. Extraction negative pressure and drilling rate And improve the shunting buffer ratio of the buffer bag. Implement continuous closed-loop control of throttling and buffering, drilling deceleration, and extraction pressure reduction; Level 1, high-risk stage, further enhanced The control closed-loop amplitude is adjusted at each level, and the drill pipe hydraulic locking mechanism is pre-started; Level 1, critical / blowout stage, implement time-series linkage control, including fast closure of throttle valve, drill pipe locking, reduction of extraction negative pressure to the lower limit, adjustment of diversion buffer ratio to the upper limit, and locking state with continuous monitoring. S5: Resume drilling operations; Maintain low extraction negative pressure and high diversion buffer ratio while continuously monitoring. Once the reset conditions are met, release the drill pipe from its locked state and gradually increase the opening of the throttle valve. And reduce the shunt buffer ratio Construction work on the extraction boreholes has resumed.

2. The active adjustment and protection method based on composite risk assessment of gas nozzles as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The five-way pipe at the orifice is connected to the orifice blowout preventer sealing pipe, the buffer bag, the drill pipe hydraulic locking mechanism, the blowout preventer box and the gas-water separator, respectively. The pipeline laser methane monitoring sensor is installed between the orifice five-way pipe and the gas-water separator. The electrically controlled valve for the opening of the buffer bag is located between the orifice five-way pipe and the buffer bag. A pipeline flow meter and a throttle valve are sequentially installed between the gas-liquid separator and the main extraction pipeline. The central control module of the monitoring system is connected to the buffer bag opening electric control valve, the pipeline laser methane monitoring sensor, the pipeline flow meter, the throttle valve, the locking mechanism hydraulic electric control valve, the power failure control device, the DC power supply, the emergency stop power failure control device, the downhole micro-vibration monitoring substation, and the visual human-machine interaction device. The internal architecture of the central control module of the monitoring system includes three parts: a sensor monitoring layer, a data computing layer, and an execution control layer, which together complete the time-sequential linkage control of the spray prevention. The sensing and monitoring layer mainly completes the acquisition and retrieval of multi-source data signals such as gas concentration, flow rate, extraction negative pressure, drill pipe vibration amplitude, and micro-vibration energy / intensity; The data computing layer performs robust preprocessing and standardization on the data output by the sensing and monitoring layer, and classifies the current state by combining the three-gate criterion and the composite risk index. The execution control layer, based on the hierarchical instructions given by the data calculation layer, controls the adjustable flow valve, three-phase separation device, buffer bag, drill bit locking mechanism, and extraction pump / frequency converter to make corresponding active intervention and regulation, thereby completing the orderly control of energy release and reducing the probability of blowout.

3. The active adjustment and protection method based on composite risk assessment of gas nozzles as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The active adjustment and protection measures in step S4 are executed in the following sequence: fast closing—locking—pressure reduction—diversion buffering—locking. The continuous closed-loop control settings for the stage are as follows: In the formula: The throttle valve opening setting value, % Set the buffer ratio for the buffer bag shunting; The negative pressure setpoint for extraction is in kPa. The drilling speed setting, in m / h; This is the initial setting value; Upper / lower limits, 0 / 1; It is the gain constant. .

4. The active adjustment and protection method based on composite risk assessment of gas nozzles as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The reset condition in step S5 should satisfy the composite risk index. .

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