Foundation erosion and deposition change optical fiber sensing recording device

Abstract

The invention discloses a foundation erosion and deposition change optical fiber sensing and recording device, and relates to the technical field of engineering monitoring, the foundation erosion and deposition change optical fiber sensing and recording device comprises an integrated data master controller, a data classification controller and three or more groups of protective shells, an annular electromagnetic guide rail is arranged at the bottom end in each protective shell, and a position adjusting assembly is arranged at the top end of each annular electromagnetic guide rail; under the cooperation of the optical fiber recording control assembly, the influence of environmental factors on the sensor is compensated in real time, the problem of data drift of the optical fiber sensor is effectively solved, the stability and reliability of monitoring data are remarkably improved, the workload and error of manual calibration are reduced, and the accuracy of calibration is improved. And through a multi-dimensional monitoring system, an intelligent self-calibration technology, a multi-dimensional adjusting structure and an efficient heat conduction design, the monitoring precision, stability and adaptability are remarkably improved, so that more reliable data support can be provided for foundation stability evaluation and erosion and deposition change prediction in practical application, and the geological disaster risk is effectively reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of engineering monitoring technology, specifically to a fiber optic sensing and recording device for changes in ground erosion and siltation. Background Technology

[0002] In water conservancy projects, coastal protection, and port construction, changes in ground erosion and sedimentation have a significant impact on the stability and safety of these projects. Prolonged erosion or sedimentation can lead to problems such as dam collapse, waterway blockage, and foundation settlement of structures. Traditional methods for monitoring ground erosion and sedimentation mainly include manual measurement, water gauge observation, and automatic monitoring systems based on pressure sensors and ultrasonic sensors. With the development of fiber optic sensing technology, some fiber optic sensing recording devices have begun to be applied to monitor changes in ground erosion and sedimentation. However, existing devices still have many shortcomings and cannot meet the high-precision, large-scale, and long-term stable monitoring requirements of practical engineering projects.

[0003] Currently, most devices can only monitor local areas and cannot comprehensively and in real time monitor large-area foundation scour and sedimentation changes. Furthermore, fiber optic sensors are susceptible to external environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and mechanical vibration, which can cause data drift and errors. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a fiber optic sensing and recording device for foundation scour and sedimentation changes. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a fiber optic sensing and recording device for foundation scour and siltation changes, in order to solve the problems mentioned in the background art, where most devices can only monitor local areas during the detection and recording process, and cannot comprehensively and in real time monitor large-area foundation scour and siltation changes. Furthermore, fiber optic sensors are easily affected by external environmental factors, such as temperature, humidity, and mechanical vibration, which leads to drift and errors in the monitoring data.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a fiber optic sensing and recording device for changes in ground scour and siltation, comprising an integrated data control unit, a data classification controller, and three or more protective shells, wherein an annular electromagnetic rail is installed at the bottom of the inner side of the protective shell, a position adjustment component is installed at the top of the annular electromagnetic rail, a contact-type stabilizing heat-conducting component is installed at the top of the position adjustment component, and a fiber optic recording control component is installed inside the protective shell. The fiber optic recording and control component includes an integrated detection structure composed of a strain sensor, a temperature sensor, and a pressure sensor. A series feedback circuit is connected to the side lines of the integrated detection structure. A self-calibrating signal processor is connected to the top of the series feedback circuit, and a fiber optic compensation unit is connected to the bottom of the series feedback circuit. The fiber optic compensation unit consists of a stress reference fiber and a pressure-free reference fiber. A multi-sensor data acquisition module is connected to the bottom of the fiber optic compensation unit. A distributed fiber optic sensing node is connected to the bottom of the multi-sensor data acquisition module. A detection end is connected to the bottom of the distributed fiber optic sensing node, and a detection surface is connected to the bottom of the detection end. With the cooperation of the fiber optic recording and control component, when the system detects a significant change in the foundation scouring and silting state or abnormal monitoring data, a dynamic adjustment mechanism is triggered. The integrated data control is activated via a signal control line. The path positioning adjustment component sends commands, and driven by the circular electromagnetic guide rail, it forms a circular trajectory for operation. This enhances the contact stability of the contact-type stable heat-conducting component on the fiber optic recording and control component, and balances the local temperature through heat conduction, ensuring a stable working environment for the sensor. In addition, the self-calibrating signal processor dynamically adjusts the sensor's operating parameters based on real-time monitoring data, achieving self-adaptation to changing environments. By integrating strain, temperature, and pressure sensors and combining them with a distributed fiber optic sensor network, a multi-dimensional monitoring system is constructed, enabling more comprehensive acquisition of information on ground erosion and deposition changes, achieving accurate monitoring of complex geological environments. Furthermore, with the help of the fiber optic compensation unit and the self-calibrating signal processor, the influence of environmental factors on the sensor is compensated in real time, effectively solving the problem of fiber optic sensor data drift, significantly improving the stability and reliability of monitoring data, and reducing the workload and errors of manual calibration.

[0006] Preferably, a detection rod is connected to the top of the detection surface, a heat dissipation channel is formed on the surface of the detection rod, a cross-sectional contact end is connected to the bottom of the detection surface, a detection head is connected to the bottom of the cross-sectional contact end, and a soft rubber sleeve is installed on the top of the detection head.

[0007] Preferably, the top of the self-calibrating signal processor is connected to a signal modulation circuit, the side of the signal modulation circuit is connected to a distributed line acquisition circuit, the top of the distributed line acquisition circuit is connected to an integrated feedback circuit, and the integrated feedback circuit is connected to a data classification controller.

[0008] Preferably, the position adjustment assembly includes a fixed sleeve rod, the bottom of which is installed inside the annular electromagnetic guide rail, and a sliding internal toothed rod is slidably connected inside the fixed sleeve rod.

[0009] Preferably, a connector is connected to the top of the sliding internal tooth rod, and a mounting position seat is connected to the top of the connector. A servo motor is mounted on the outside of the fixed sleeve rod, and a gear is connected to the output end of the servo motor. The gear meshes with the sliding internal tooth rod.

[0010] Preferably, the contact-type stable heat-conducting component includes a connecting plate, which is fastened to the mounting position seat. A relief groove plate is fastened to the side end of the connecting plate, and elastic locking parts are symmetrically installed on both sides of the bottom end of the relief groove plate.

[0011] Preferably, an electromagnetic guide rod is installed inside the mounting position seat, and an extended contact heat-conducting phase change column is fastened to the side end of the electromagnetic guide rod. The extended contact heat-conducting phase change column is configured with a cross structure, and the left and right ends of the extended contact heat-conducting phase change column are contacted and connected to an outwardly expanding contact elastic column. The side end of the outwardly expanding contact elastic column is rotatably connected to the elastic engaging part.

[0012] Preferably, the side end of the extended contact elastic column is connected to a thermally conductive phase change material end. The thermally conductive phase change material end and the extended contact thermally conductive phase change column are used to perform efficient contact-type heat conduction treatment on the internal integrated detection structure, fiber optic compensation unit and distributed fiber optic sensing node while ensuring the detection stability of the detection rod.

[0013] Preferably, a conductive detection recording end is installed at the bottom center of the protective shell. The conductive detection recording end is configured as an inverted frustum-shaped cone to increase the detection contact area. The top of the conductive detection recording end is connected to the detection head.

[0014] Preferably, a supporting abutment movable rod is arranged around the bottom periphery of the protective shell, and the supporting abutment movable rod is composed of a telescopic rod, a universal joint and a supporting weight block.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. In this invention, with the cooperation of the fiber optic recording and control component, when the system detects a significant change in the foundation scour and siltation state or abnormal monitoring data, a dynamic adjustment mechanism is triggered. The integrated data control sends instructions to the position adjustment component through the signal control line. Driven by the ring electromagnetic rail, the position adjustment component forms a ring trajectory, which enhances the contact stability of the contact-type stable heat-conducting component to the fiber optic recording and control component. The heat conduction function balances the local temperature, ensuring a stable working environment for the sensor. In addition, the self-calibrating signal processor dynamically adjusts the sensor's working parameters based on real-time monitoring data, achieving self-adaptation to changing environments. By integrating strain, temperature, and pressure sensors and combining them with a distributed fiber optic sensor network, a multi-dimensional monitoring system is constructed, which can more comprehensively acquire information on foundation scour and siltation changes, achieve accurate monitoring of complex geological environments, and compensate for the influence of environmental factors on the sensor in real time with the help of the fiber optic compensation unit and the self-calibrating signal processor. This effectively solves the problem of fiber optic sensor data drift, significantly improves the stability and reliability of monitoring data, and reduces the workload and errors of manual calibration.

[0016] 2. In this invention, with the cooperation of the contact-type stable heat-conducting component, the integrated data control sends commands to the servo motor through the signal control line. The servo motor starts, and the gear at its output end begins to rotate. Since the gear meshes with the sliding internal toothed rod, the sliding internal toothed rod slides up and down within the fixed sleeve rod, thereby driving the connector and the mounting position seat to change their height positions. This, in turn, drives the positional relationship of the contact-type stable heat-conducting component, causing the electromagnetic guide rod to move and push the extended contact heat-conducting phase change column to move. The outwardly expanding contact elastic column rotates around the elastic locking part as an axis, changing the contact position and area of ​​the heat-conducting phase change material end. This ensures that the key components can still be efficiently heat-conducted at the new detection position. In addition, the supporting abutment movable rod adjusts the support angle and height in real time through the telescopic rod and universal joint to ensure the overall stability of the device. Through the multi-dimensional monitoring system, intelligent self-calibration technology, multi-dimensional adjustment structure, and efficient heat-conducting design, the monitoring accuracy, stability, and adaptability are significantly improved. In practical applications, this enables more reliable data support for foundation stability assessment and scour and siltation change prediction, effectively reducing the risk of geological disasters. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main view of the optical fiber sensing and recording device for ground erosion and siltation changes according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal cross-sectional structure of the protective shell in the fiber optic sensing and recording device for ground erosion and siltation changes according to the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the contact-type stable heat-conducting component in a fiber optic sensing and recording device for ground scour and siltation changes according to the present invention. Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the position adjustment component in a fiber optic sensing and recording device for ground scour and siltation changes according to the present invention. Figure 5 In a fiber optic sensing and recording device for ground erosion and siltation changes according to the present invention Figure 2 A magnified structural diagram at point A; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the fiber optic recording control component in a fiber optic sensing and recording device for ground scour and siltation changes according to the present invention. Figure 7 In a fiber optic sensing and recording device for ground erosion and siltation changes according to the present invention Figure 6 A magnified structural diagram at point B.

[0018] In the diagram: 1. Integrated data control unit; 2. Data classification controller; 3. Integrated feedback circuit; 4. Distributed data acquisition circuit; 5. Protective housing; 6. Supporting and abutting movable rod; 7. Signal control circuit; 8. Circular electromagnetic guide rail; 9. Conductive detection and recording end; 10. Position adjustment component; 101. Fixed sleeve rod; 102. Mounting position seat; 103. Connector; 104. Sliding internal toothed rod; 105. Gear; 106. Servo motor; 11. Contact-type stable heat conduction component; 110. Connecting plate; 111. Leaving groove plate; 112. Elastic locking part; 13. Extended contact thermally conductive phase change column; 114. Electromagnetic guide rod; 115. Outwardly expanded contact elastic column; 116. Thermally conductive phase change material end; 12. Fiber optic recording and control assembly; 120. Detection rod body; 121. Detection end; 122. Detection surface; 123. Heat dissipation channel; 124. Distributed fiber optic sensing node; 125. Multi-sensor data acquisition module; 126. Fiber optic compensation unit; 127. Integrated detection structure; 128. Series feedback circuit; 129. Self-calibrating signal processor; 13. Detection head; 14. Cross-sectional contact end; 15. Soft rubber sleeve. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Example 1: Refer to Figure 1 - Figure 7As shown: A fiber optic sensing and recording device for changes in ground scour and siltation includes an integrated data control unit 1, a data classification controller 2, and three or more protective shells 5. An annular electromagnetic rail 8 is installed at the bottom of the inner side of the protective shell 5. A position adjustment component 10 is installed at the top of the annular electromagnetic rail 8. A contact-type stable heat-conducting component 11 is installed at the top of the position adjustment component 10. A fiber optic recording control component 12 is installed inside the protective shell 5. The fiber optic recording control assembly 12 includes an integrated detection structure 127, which consists of a strain sensor, a temperature sensor, and a pressure sensor. A series feedback line 128 is connected to the side of the integrated detection structure 127. A self-calibrating signal processor 129 is connected to the top of the series feedback line 128, and a fiber optic compensation unit 126 is connected to the bottom of the series feedback line 128. The fiber optic compensation unit 126 consists of a stress reference fiber and a pressure-free reference fiber. A multi-sensor data acquisition module 125 is connected to the bottom of the fiber optic compensation unit 126. A distributed fiber optic sensing node 124 is connected to the bottom of the multi-sensor data acquisition module 125. A detection end 121 is connected to the bottom of the distributed fiber optic sensing node 124, and a detection surface 122 is connected to the bottom of the detection end 121.

[0021] The top of the detection surface 122 is connected to the detection rod 120. A heat dissipation channel 123 is provided on the surface of the detection rod 120. The bottom of the detection surface 122 is connected to the cross-sectional contact end 14. The bottom of the cross-sectional contact end 14 is connected to the detection head 13. A soft rubber sleeve 15 is installed on the top of the detection head 13.

[0022] The self-calibrating signal processor 129 is connected to a signal control line 7 at its top end, a distributed line acquisition line 4 is connected to the side end of the signal control line 7, an integrated feedback line 3 is connected to the top end of the distributed line acquisition line 4, and the integrated feedback line 3 is connected to the data classification controller 2.

[0023] In this embodiment, when the device needs to monitor changes in the foundation due to erosion and siltation, the staff first places the protective shell 5 in the target foundation area. After the device is officially put into operation, the detection head 13 makes close contact with the foundation surface through the cross-sectional contact end 14. The strain sensor senses the deformation information of the foundation in real time, the temperature sensor monitors the temperature of the foundation and the surrounding environment, and the pressure sensor measures the pressure of the water flow on the foundation. At the same time, the distributed optical fiber sensing node 124 collects strain and temperature data along the optical fiber laid along the foundation, realizing continuous monitoring over a large area. After all sensor data is preprocessed by the multi-sensor data acquisition module 125 through filtering, amplification, etc., it is transmitted to the self-calibration signal processor 129 through the series feedback line 128. The self-calibration signal processor 129 uses the built-in algorithm, combined with the reference data of the optical fiber compensation unit 126, to calibrate the collected data, eliminate errors caused by environmental factors such as temperature and humidity, and improve data accuracy.

[0024] Next, during the data transmission and analysis phase: The calibrated data is transmitted to the data classification controller 2 via the signal control line 7, the distributed acquisition line 4, and the integrated feedback line 3. The data classification controller 2 uses big data analysis and artificial intelligence technology to perform in-depth mining and analysis of the data. For example, by establishing a scour and sedimentation change prediction model, it can determine the current scour and sedimentation status of the foundation and predict the scour and sedimentation trend in the future. Once an abnormality is detected, the system will immediately issue an early warning signal.

[0025] Then, during the dynamic adjustment phase: When the system detects a significant change in the foundation scour and siltation state or an anomaly in the monitoring data, a dynamic adjustment mechanism is triggered. The integrated data control unit 1 sends a command to the position adjustment component 10 via the signal control line 7. Driven by the circular electromagnetic rail 8, the position adjustment component 10 forms a circular trajectory, which enhances the contact stability of the contact-type stable heat-conducting component 11 on the fiber optic recording and control component 12. The heat conduction function balances the local temperature, ensuring a stable working environment for the sensor. In addition, the self-calibrating signal processor 129 dynamically adjusts the sensor's operating parameters based on real-time monitoring data, achieving self-adaptation to changing environments. By integrating strain, temperature, and pressure sensors and combining them with a distributed fiber optic sensor network, a multi-dimensional monitoring system is constructed, which can more comprehensively acquire information on foundation scour and siltation changes, achieve accurate monitoring of complex geological environments, and compensate for the influence of environmental factors on the sensor in real time with the help of the fiber optic compensation unit 126 and the self-calibrating signal processor 129. This effectively solves the problem of fiber optic sensor data drift, significantly improves the stability and reliability of monitoring data, and reduces the workload and errors of manual calibration.

[0026] Example 2: According to Figure 2 and Figure 4As shown, the position adjustment assembly 10 includes a fixed sleeve rod 101, the bottom of which is installed inside the annular electromagnetic guide rail 8, and a sliding internal tooth rod 104 is slidably connected inside the fixed sleeve rod 101.

[0027] The top end of the sliding internal toothed rod 104 is connected to a connector 103, and the top of the connector 103 is connected to a mounting position seat 102. A servo motor 106 is mounted on the outside of the fixed sleeve rod 101. The output end of the servo motor 106 is connected to a gear 105, and the gear 105 meshes with the sliding internal toothed rod 104.

[0028] In this embodiment, when the system detects a significant change in the foundation scour and siltation state or abnormal monitoring data, a dynamic adjustment mechanism is triggered. The integrated data control 1 sends a command to the servo motor 106 through the signal control line 7. The servo motor 106 starts, and the gear 105 at its output end begins to rotate. Since the gear 105 meshes with the sliding internal tooth rod 104, the sliding internal tooth rod 104 slides up and down in the fixed sleeve rod 101, thereby driving the connector 103 and the mounting position seat 102 to change their height position, and thus driving the positional relationship of the contact-type stable heat conduction component 11.

[0029] Example 3: According to Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the contact-type stable heat conduction component 11 includes a connecting plate 110, which is fastened to the mounting position seat 102. A relief groove plate 111 is fastened to the side end of the connecting plate 110, and elastic locking parts 112 are symmetrically installed on both sides of the bottom end of the relief groove plate 111.

[0030] An electromagnetic guide rod 114 is installed inside the mounting base 102. An extended contact heat-conducting phase change column 113 is fastened to the side end of the electromagnetic guide rod 114. The extended contact heat-conducting phase change column 113 is configured as a cross structure. The left and right ends of the extended contact heat-conducting phase change column 113 are connected to an outwardly expanding contact elastic column 115. The side end of the outwardly expanding contact elastic column 115 is rotatably connected to the elastic locking part 112.

[0031] The side end of the extended contact elastic column 115 is connected to a thermally conductive phase change material end 116. The thermally conductive phase change material end 116 and the extended contact thermally conductive phase change column 113 are used to perform efficient contact-type heat conduction treatment on the internal integrated detection structure 127, fiber optic compensation unit 126 and distributed fiber optic sensing node 124 while ensuring the detection stability of the detection rod 120.

[0032] The bottom center of the protective shell 5 is provided with a conductive detection recording end 9, which is set in an inverted frustum shape to increase the detection contact area. The top of the conductive detection recording end 9 is connected to the detection head 13.

[0033] The bottom periphery of the protective shell 5 is provided with a supporting and abutting movable rod 6, which consists of a telescopic rod, a universal joint and a supporting weight block.

[0034] In this embodiment, after the position adjustment component 10 is activated, the electromagnetic guide rod 114 is actuated, pushing the extended contact heat-conducting phase change column 113 to move. This causes the elastic locking part 112 to restrict the outward expansion contact elastic column 115. During this process, the outward expansion contact elastic column 115 expands or contracts, thereby allowing the outward expansion contact elastic column 115 to change the contact position and area of ​​the heat-conducting phase change material end 116. This ensures that the key components can still be efficiently heat-conducted at the new detection position. In addition, the support abutment movable rod 6 adjusts the support angle and height in real time through the telescopic rod and universal joint to ensure the overall stability of the device. The conduction detection recording end 9 at the bottom of the protective shell 5 is designed as an inverted frustum to increase the detection contact area and improve detection accuracy.

[0035] The wiring diagrams of the servo motor 106, distributed fiber optic sensing node 124, multi-sensor data acquisition module 125, integrated detection structure 127, and self-calibration signal processor 129 in this invention are common knowledge in the field, and their working principles are known technologies. The appropriate model is selected according to actual use. Therefore, the control methods and wiring arrangements of the servo motor 106, distributed fiber optic sensing node 124, multi-sensor data acquisition module 125, integrated detection structure 127, and self-calibration signal processor 129 will not be explained in detail.

[0036] The usage and working principle of this device are as follows: Before carrying out foundation scour and siltation monitoring operations, the staff needs to place three or more sets of protective shells 5 in the target foundation area. After placement, the device is powered on. After the device is officially running, the detection head 13 is in close contact with the foundation surface through the cross-sectional contact end 14. The strain sensor, based on the principle of resistance strain, senses the small deformation information of the foundation in real time. The temperature sensor uses thermistor or thermocouple technology to monitor the temperature of the foundation and the surrounding environment. The pressure sensor measures the pressure of water flow on the foundation through the piezoelectric effect. The distributed optical fiber sensing node 124, with optical fiber laid along the foundation, collects strain and temperature data along the line based on Brillouin scattering and Raman scattering effects, realizing large-scale, high-resolution continuous monitoring. All sensor data are transmitted to the multi-sensor data acquisition module 125. This module filters the data, removes noise interference, amplifies the signal strength, and improves the usability of the data. The pre-processed data is transmitted to the self-calibrating signal processor 129 through the series feedback line 128.

[0037] Next, the self-calibration signal processor 129 uses the built-in adaptive filtering algorithm and the reference data of the fiber optic compensation unit 126 to calibrate the acquired data. Through multiple linear regression analysis, it separates the errors caused by environmental factors such as temperature and humidity, effectively improving the accuracy of the data. The calibrated data is transmitted to the data classification controller 2 via the signal control line 7, the distributed line acquisition line 4 and the integrated feedback line 3 using a high-speed and stable communication protocol.

[0038] The data classification controller 2 uses big data analytics and artificial intelligence to deeply mine and analyze the transmitted data. By constructing a scour and sedimentation change prediction model based on convolutional neural networks, the model judges the current scour and sedimentation state of the foundation based on a large amount of historical data and real-time monitoring data, and predicts the scour and sedimentation trend in the future. Once the model detects data anomalies, such as sudden strain changes or pressure exceeding the threshold, the system immediately issues an early warning signal to remind staff to pay attention.

[0039] When the system detects a significant change in the foundation's scouring and silting state or abnormal monitoring data, a dynamic adjustment mechanism is triggered. The integrated data control unit 1 sends a command to the servo motor 106 via the signal control line 7. The servo motor 106 starts, and the gear 105 at its output end begins to rotate. Since the gear 105 meshes with the sliding internal toothed rod 104, the sliding internal toothed rod 104 slides up and down within the fixed sleeve rod 101, thereby causing the connector 103 and the mounting position seat 102 to change their height positions, thus adjusting the height of the contact-type stable heat-conducting component 11. At the same time, the annular electromagnetic guide rail 8 drives the position adjustment component 10 under the corresponding command, forming a circular trajectory motion, so that the contact-type stable heat-conducting component 11... 1. After the position adjustment component 10 is activated, the electromagnetic guide rod 114 is energized, which pushes the extended contact heat-conducting phase change column 113 to move. The outwardly expanding contact elastic column 115 rotates around the elastic locking part 112 as the axis, changing the contact position and area of ​​the heat-conducting phase change material end 116. This ensures that the integrated detection structure 127, fiber optic compensation unit 126 and distributed fiber optic sensing node 124 inside the detection rod body 120 can still be efficiently contact-type heat conduction in the new detection position, ensuring that each component works in a stable temperature environment. In addition, the support abutment movable rod 6 adjusts the support angle and height in real time through the telescopic rod and universal joint to ensure the overall stability of the device and reduce monitoring errors caused by foundation settlement or vibration.

[0040] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fiber optic sensing and recording device for ground erosion and siltation changes, characterized in that: It includes an integrated data control unit (1), a data classification controller (2), and three or more protective shells (5). The bottom of the protective shell (5) is equipped with an annular electromagnetic rail (8), the top of the annular electromagnetic rail (8) is equipped with a position adjustment component (10), the top of the position adjustment component (10) is equipped with a contact-type stable heat conduction component (11), and the inside of the protective shell (5) is equipped with an optical fiber recording control component (12). The fiber optic recording control component (12) includes an integrated detection structure (127), which is composed of a strain sensor, a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor. The side lines of the integrated detection structure (127) are connected to a series feedback line (128). The top of the series feedback line (128) is connected to a self-calibration signal processor (129). The bottom of the series feedback line (128) is connected to a fiber optic compensation unit (126). The fiber optic compensation unit (126) is composed of a stress reference fiber and a pressure-free reference fiber. The bottom of the fiber optic compensation unit (126) is connected to a multi-sensor data acquisition module (125). The bottom of the multi-sensor data acquisition module (125) is connected to a distributed fiber optic sensing node (124). The bottom of the distributed fiber optic sensing node (124) is connected to a detection end (121). The bottom of the detection end (121) is connected to a detection surface (122).

2. The fiber optic sensing and recording device for ground erosion and sedimentation changes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the detection surface (122) is connected to a detection rod (120), and a heat dissipation channel (123) is provided on the surface of the detection rod (120). The bottom of the detection surface (122) is connected to a cross-sectional contact end (14), and the bottom of the cross-sectional contact end (14) is connected to a detection head (13). The top of the detection head (13) is provided with a soft rubber sleeve (15).

3. The fiber optic sensing and recording device for ground erosion and sedimentation changes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The self-calibrating signal processor (129) is connected to a signal control line (7) at its top end, and a distributed line acquisition line (4) is connected to the side end of the signal control line (7). An integrated feedback line (3) is connected to the top end of the distributed line acquisition line (4), and the integrated feedback line (3) is connected to the data classification controller (2).

4. The fiber optic sensing and recording device for ground erosion and sedimentation changes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The position adjustment assembly (10) includes a fixed sleeve rod (101), the bottom of which is installed inside the annular electromagnetic guide rail (8), and a sliding internal tooth rod (104) is slidably connected inside the fixed sleeve rod (101).

5. The fiber optic sensing and recording device for ground erosion and sedimentation changes according to claim 4, characterized in that: The top end of the sliding internal toothed rod (104) is connected to a connector (103), the top end of the connector (103) is connected to a mounting position seat (102), a servo motor (106) is mounted on the outside of the fixed sleeve rod (101), and a gear (105) is connected to the output end of the servo motor (106). The gear (105) and the sliding internal toothed rod (104) are meshed together.

6. The fiber optic sensing and recording device for ground erosion and sedimentation changes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The contact-type stable heat-conducting component (11) includes a connecting plate (110), which is fastened to the mounting position seat (102). A relief groove plate (111) is fastened to the side end of the connecting plate (110), and elastic locking parts (112) are symmetrically installed on both sides of the bottom end of the relief groove plate (111).

7. The fiber optic sensing and recording device for ground erosion and siltation changes according to claim 5, characterized in that: An electromagnetic guide rod (114) is installed inside the mounting base (102). An extended contact heat-conducting phase change column (113) is fastened to the side end of the electromagnetic guide rod (114). The extended contact heat-conducting phase change column (113) is configured as a cross structure. The left and right ends of the extended contact heat-conducting phase change column (113) are connected to an outwardly expanding contact elastic column (115). The side end of the outwardly expanding contact elastic column (115) is rotatably connected to the elastic locking part (112).

8. The fiber optic sensing and recording device for ground erosion and sedimentation changes according to claim 7, characterized in that: The side end of the extended contact elastic column (115) is connected to a thermally conductive phase change material end (116). The thermally conductive phase change material end (116) and the extended contact thermally conductive phase change column (113) are used to perform efficient contact thermal conduction treatment on the internal integrated detection structure (127), fiber optic compensation unit (126) and distributed fiber optic sensing node (124) while ensuring the detection stability of the detection rod (120).

9. The fiber optic sensing and recording device for ground erosion and sedimentation changes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protective shell (5) has a conductive detection recording end (9) installed at the bottom center end. The conductive detection recording end (9) is set in an inverted frustum shape to increase the detection contact area. The top of the conductive detection recording end (9) is connected to the detection head (13).

10. The fiber optic sensing and recording device for ground erosion and sedimentation changes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom periphery of the protective shell (5) is provided with a supporting abutment movable rod (6), which is composed of a telescopic rod, a universal joint and a supporting weight block.

Images