Wheat growth self-adapting water and fertilizer drip irrigation device and use method

Abstract

The present application relates to a wheat growth self-adaptive water and fertilizer drip irrigation device and a use method, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural irrigation, aiming to solve the problem of clogging of the gap of the drip irrigation nozzle due to fertilizer deposition, and to improve the defects of high energy consumption and poor effect of the existing flushing method. The device mainly comprises a controller, a detection device, a drip irrigation pipe, a fertilizer mixing box and a liquid storage tank. The fertilizer mixing box is located in the middle section of the main pipe, and the turbulent flow promotes the pre-dissolution of the fertilizer and reduces the phenomenon of excessive local concentration. The liquid storage tank is connected to the main pipe through the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe, and after the pump body is stopped, clean water is automatically injected to dilute and flush the gap of the drip irrigation nozzle. The detection device and the controller cooperate with each other to dynamically control the water and fertilizer supply. The present application can effectively reduce the occurrence of clogging, prolong the service life of the nozzle and reduce energy consumption.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural irrigation technology, and in particular to a drip irrigation device for wheat growth adaptation and its usage. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of wheat cultivation, drip irrigation technology has evolved from traditional drip tapes to intelligent drip irrigation networks. Currently, the existing drip irrigation network for wheat cultivation (hereinafter referred to as "the existing drip irrigation network") has significantly improved irrigation efficiency through integrated hardware optimization and intelligent control.

[0003] In the field of drip irrigation for wheat, existing drip irrigation networks use rigid split pipes with dedicated drip irrigation nozzles (split pipe diameter 1.5-2.5cm) to replace traditional drip irrigation tape (diameter 4-6cm). Combined with detection devices (such as soil sensors, spectrometers, etc.), controllers, and actuators, it achieves advantages such as preventing impurities from clogging, small footprint, and intelligent and precise control (on-demand drip irrigation), solving the problems of easy clogging and low precision of traditional drip irrigation tape.

[0004] The existing drip irrigation network operates as follows: Sensors collect soil moisture information, including key indicators such as water content and temperature, as well as wheat growth data. The controller intelligently generates control commands based on a preset fertilizer requirement model, driving the pump to deliver water while a screw feeder precisely dispenses the fertilizer. The two mix thoroughly in the main pipeline to form a nutrient solution, which then seeps evenly through the narrow gaps between the nozzle orifices and the blockage, efficiently completing the drip irrigation operation.

[0005] However, during long-term use, this network still faces the critical problem of drip irrigation nozzle clogging, specifically including the following issues: 1. Localized high-concentration deposition: The lack of a mixing mechanism within the pipes leads to uneven fertilizer distribution, easily resulting in localized high-concentration water-fertilizer mixtures; after the pump stops, the pressure decreases and the flow rate slows down, increasing the contact time between the water-fertilizer and the inner wall of the nozzle, causing fertilizer to sink into narrow gaps; 2. Blockage blocks exacerbate clogging: Blockage blocks create a double deposition surface in the through-holes (inner wall of the nozzle + outer wall of the blockage block), and after long-term use, the gaps are easily blocked by accumulated fertilizer; 3. Flushing methods also have significant shortcomings: While the currently used 'continuous pump flushing' mode is effective, it significantly increases energy consumption and pump wear; and 'flushing after shutdown' is also insufficient to fundamentally solve the clogging problem because it cannot effectively dissolve dried fertilizer.

[0006] In summary, existing drip irrigation networks lack coordination in terms of intelligent control and anti-clogging performance, and require targeted optimization. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the limitations of existing technologies, this invention proposes an adaptive water and fertilizer drip irrigation device for wheat growth, along with its usage method. This device eliminates the need for a separate pump; instead, it automatically injects clean water to dilute the fertilizer and clean the sprinkler heads during the later stages of drip irrigation, based on changes in water pressure, thus improving the irrigation effect. This device effectively reduces sprinkler head clogging during long-term use and lowers pump energy consumption and wear.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0009] An adaptive water and fertilizer drip irrigation device for wheat growth includes a controller with a detection device electrically connected to the input end and a pump body and a solenoid valve electrically connected to the output end. The pump body's output end is connected to a drip irrigation pipe, which consists of a main pipe and a branch pipe. Multiple drip irrigation nozzles are connected to the side of the branch pipe. A fertilizer feeding mechanism is located on one side of the pump body, connected to the main pipe via a feeding pipe. A solenoid valve is located in the middle section of the feeding pipe to control the amount of fertilizer falling. A fertilizer mixing box is located in the middle section of the main pipe, its inner cavity connected to the main pipe and the feeding pipe. A liquid storage tank is located on one side of the main pipe, connected to the main pipe via an inlet pipe at the top and an outlet pipe at the bottom. The height of the inlet pipe is greater than the height of the fertilizer mixing box, and the height of the outlet pipe is less than the height of the fertilizer mixing box. A one-way valve is located in the middle section of the outlet pipe, restricting water flow only from inside the liquid storage tank into the main pipe.

[0010] Preferably, the drip irrigation nozzle includes an outer shell with a liquid outlet hole on its lower side, a limiting block slidably connected inside the outer shell, the limiting block being embedded inside the liquid outlet hole, a positioning plate inside the outer shell, a compression spring on the upper side of the positioning plate, a T-shaped rod slidably connected coaxially in the middle section of the positioning plate, and the smaller diameter portion of the T-shaped rod slidably connected to the positioning plate, the larger diameter portion of the T-shaped rod abutting against the axial end of the compression spring, the lower end of the T-shaped rod protruding from the positioning plate and fixedly connected to the limiting block, so that when the compression spring is not affected by external force, the limiting block and the liquid outlet hole are not on the same horizontal plane.

[0011] Preferably, the limiting block is a frustum structure, the upper diameter of the limiting block is larger than its lower diameter, and the angle between the hypotenuse of the trapezoid formed by the projection of the limiting block onto the vertical plane and the horizontal plane is greater than 75°.

[0012] Preferably, a scraper with an annular structure is fixedly connected to the lower end of the limiting block, and the outer diameter of the scraper is equal to the inner diameter of the liquid outlet hole.

[0013] Preferably, the positioning plate has a polygonal structure projected horizontally, is slidably connected to the outer shell, and moves vertically relative to the outer shell. The lower end of the positioning plate is fixedly connected to a positioning component that has an arc shape projected horizontally and a right-angled triangle structure projected vertically. Each positioning component has a corresponding limiting component on its lower side, and the limiting component is rotatably connected to the outer shell. The upper end of the outer shell is rotatably connected to a knob, which is connected to the limiting component in a transmission manner.

[0014] Preferably, a resistance valve is provided in the middle section of the inlet pipe, which opens when the pressure value in the inner cavity of the main pipe reaches a threshold.

[0015] Preferably, the fertilizer mixing box is provided with a material feeding mechanism, which includes a mounting shell fixedly connected to the fertilizer mixing box. The lower end of the mounting shell has a discharge port. A propeller blade is rotatably connected to the side end of the mounting shell. An intermittent feeding component is provided inside the mounting shell. The intermittent feeding component is sealed and fixedly connected to the inner wall of the mounting shell. The propeller blade is driven by the drive part of the intermittent feeding component. The upper end face of the intermittent feeding component and the inner wall of the mounting shell together form a material receiving cavity, which is connected to the discharge pipe.

[0016] Preferably, the intermittent feeding component includes two positioning discs fixedly connected to the mounting housing. Sealing gaskets are fixedly connected to the near ends of the two positioning discs, and the two sealing gaskets abut against each other. A mating groove is formed between the two sealing gaskets, and the mating groove is on the same vertical plane as the discharge port. A follower disc is rotatably connected within the mating groove. Multiple receiving grooves are formed through the follower disc, and these grooves are equidistantly arranged around the central axis of the follower disc. Furthermore, a drive shaft is keyed to the follower disc, and the drive shaft extends to the outside of the mounting housing and is fixedly connected to the propeller blade.

[0017] Preferably, a flexible barrier pad is fixedly connected inside the discharge port. When one of the receiving grooves passes through the discharge port and re-enters the discharge port, the barrier pad is embedded in the receiving groove.

[0018] The usage method of the wheat growth adaptive water and fertilizer drip irrigation device described above specifically includes:

[0019] S1: The detection device sends the collected soil moisture content, soil EC value, soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content, soil pH value, soil temperature, wheat leaf SPAD value, leaf area index, stem diameter, leaf surface temperature and environmental meteorological parameters to the controller in real time.

[0020] S2: The preset thresholds are the soil moisture thresholds, ET0 transpiration and soil nutrient content parameter ranges corresponding to each stage of wheat growth. The controller compares the detection data with the preset thresholds in conjunction with the preset model.

[0021] When the soil moisture content is lower than the moisture threshold and the fertilizer requirement is matched, the drip irrigation command is triggered, and the controller controls the pump body 1, solenoid valve 5 and feeding mechanism to start synchronously.

[0022] S3: At the end of the drip irrigation period, the controller increases the operating power of the pump body 1. At this time, after the water pressure in the main pipeline 601 reaches the threshold, the resistance valve 8 opens and the water enters the storage tank 2 through the inlet pipe.

[0023] S4: After drip irrigation ends, the controller controls the solenoid valve 5 and the screw feeder feeding mechanism to close, while the controller keeps the pump running at high power.

[0024] S5: After a certain period of time has elapsed since drip irrigation ended, the controller stops the pump. At this time, the check valve opens, and the water in the storage tank enters the main pipeline.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0026] The core advantages of the liquid storage tank: Connected to the main pipeline via a pipe, the tank automatically injects clean water after the pump stops, utilizing a one-way valve and water pressure differential. Without the need for additional pump intervention, it dilutes residual fertilizer, ensuring that the liquid discharged from the drip irrigation head is a low-concentration fertilizer solution. This effectively flushes narrow gaps formed by through-holes and blockages, reducing fertilizer buildup and clogging, while also lowering energy consumption and avoiding the risk of damage caused by excessive pump operation.

[0027] The core advantages of the fertilizer mixing box: The fertilizer mixing box is set in the middle of the main pipeline. By constraining the water flow to create turbulence, it promotes the pre-dissolution of fertilizer and water in advance. This avoids the occurrence of local high-concentration water-fertilizer areas caused by the lack of a stirring device in the pipeline or uneven fertilizer distribution. It also reduces the accumulation of high-concentration fertilizer on the inner wall of the drip irrigation nozzle and the outer wall of the blockage block, thereby reducing the probability of clogging in narrow gaps from the root and improving the uniformity of water-fertilizer mixing. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the working logic of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the drip irrigation pipe and the drip irrigation nozzle of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the main pipeline and the liquid storage tank in this invention;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the drip irrigation nozzle of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the outer shell of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the outer shell and the limiting block of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the compression spring and the T-shaped rod in this invention;

[0035] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the liquid outlet and the limiting block in this invention;

[0036] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing the cooperation relationship between the positioning component and the limiting component of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection relationship between the main pipeline and the fertilizer mixing box in this invention;

[0038] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the propeller blades and the fertilizer mixing box in this invention;

[0039] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the intermittent feeding component and the fertilizer mixing box of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection relationship between the drive shaft and the follower disk in this invention;

[0041] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the positioning disc and the sealing gasket of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the mounting housing and the barrier pad of the present invention.

[0043] In the diagram: 1. Pump body; 2. Storage tank; 3. Fertilizer mixing box; 4. Discharge pipe; 5. Solenoid valve; 6. Drip irrigation pipe; 601. Main pipe; 602. Diverter pipe; 7. Drip irrigation nozzle; 701. Knob; 702. Outer casing; 703. T-bar; 704. Positioning plate; 705. Limiting block; 706. Compression spring; 707. Scraper; 708. Discharge hole; 709. Limiting component; 710 1001. Positioning component; 8. Resistance valve; 9. Check valve; 10. Material feeding mechanism; 1002. Mounting housing; 1003. Propeller blade; 1004. Intermittent feeding component; 1005. Drive shaft; 1006. Positioning plate; 1007. Sealing gasket; 1008. Follower plate; 1009. Receiving groove; 1000001. Fitting groove; 100001. Barrier gasket; 100001. Discharge port. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0046] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 This invention focuses on an adaptive water and fertilizer drip irrigation device for wheat growth, with its core objective being to overcome the technical challenge of drip nozzle 7 clogging during long-term drip irrigation in existing devices. In practical applications, the drip irrigation pipes 6 used in drip irrigation networks laid in open fields are typically laid out in a fixed manner, with their positions remaining largely unchanged. Therefore, after repeated drip irrigation over a long period, the drip nozzles 7 are prone to clogging due to fertilizer deposits.

[0047] In existing drip irrigation devices, the sprinkler head 7 generally includes a sprinkler body. To achieve drip irrigation, a corresponding through hole is usually opened at the lower end of the sprinkler body, and a blocking block is installed inside the through hole. By restricting the through hole with the blocking block, the water outlet channel of the through hole is reduced to a narrow gap, thereby forcing the water to flow through the narrow gap by seepage and re-condense into droplets at the lower end of the blocking block, thus forming a drip irrigation mode.

[0048] It is worth noting that, unlike conventional drip irrigation tape (which only includes a branch pipe 602 connected to the main pipe 601, with small holes for drip irrigation), the drip irrigation nozzle 7 is not only durable and corrosion-resistant, but also more space-saving. The diameter of its compatible branch pipe 602 (1.5cm to 2.5cm) is much smaller than that of conventional drip irrigation tape (4cm to 6cm). Furthermore, during water and fertilizer drip irrigation, the drip irrigation nozzle 7 prevents undissolved fertilizer and impurities (such as gravel mixed in with the fertilizer) from clogging the outlet holes. Impurities cannot enter narrow gaps but easily clog the small holes, leading to drip irrigation failure.

[0049] Although the drip irrigation nozzle 7 can prevent impurities from entering narrow gaps, these gaps may still be blocked under high concentrations of water-fertilizer mixtures.

[0050] Because there is no stirring within the pipe and the water flows in one direction only, coupled with the uneven dispensing speed of solid fertilizer, the fertilizer concentration in some areas of the drip irrigation pipe 6 may be too high. Furthermore, in actual operation, the water output is usually controlled by adjusting the operating power of the pump body 1. With a constant water output from the drip irrigation pipe 6, the drip irrigation speed can be increased by increasing the inflow rate. This is because the higher the internal pressure of the drip irrigation pipe 6, the faster the water flow, and the faster the drip irrigation speed. However, after the pump body 1 stops working, the pressure inside the drip irrigation pipe 6 gradually decreases until the water inside is emptied, causing the drip irrigation speed to slow down. At this time, the contact time between the fertilizer-containing water and the inner wall of the drip irrigation head 7 increases, making it easier for fertilizer to deposit on the inner wall, thus causing blockage of the through-holes. Simultaneously, due to the presence of the blockage block, the through-holes become narrower, forming flow gaps. This not only causes fertilizer to accumulate on the inner wall of the drip irrigation head 7 but also on the outer wall of the blockage block. Therefore, during long-term use, the problems of clogging of the drip irrigation head 7 and poor water flow frequently occur.

[0051] It is particularly important to note that, with the continuous development of technology, existing drip irrigation networks for large fields are typically controlled using intelligent equipment. Specifically, a controller (such as a PLC controller or a microcontroller) generally drives the pump body 1 and the fertilizer feeding mechanism (using a stepper motor-driven screw feeder, and in conjunction with a solenoid valve 5 to control the fertilizer flow rate), thereby achieving precise control over the fertilization (water and fertilizer drip irrigation) process and the drip irrigation process.

[0052] Furthermore, some drip irrigation networks for field applications are equipped with corresponding monitoring devices. These devices are mainly used to monitor wheat growth and soil physicochemical parameters (usually in conjunction with environmental meteorological parameters). Specifically, when monitoring wheat growth, multispectral / hyperspectral sensors (for measuring SPAD values ​​reflecting chlorophyll content and LAI values ​​reflecting leaf area index) and stem diameter / leaf temperature sensors (for monitoring stem growth rate and leaf temperature reflecting transpiration) can be deployed in the field. When monitoring soil physicochemical parameters, soil moisture sensors (for detecting soil water content and EC values ​​reflecting soil salinity), soil nutrient sensors (for detecting nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content and soil pH), and soil temperature sensors are generally used in combination.

[0053] Based on the above situation, such as Figure 1 As shown, this device electrically connects the corresponding detection device (multiple sensors) to the controller input (or transmits signals via wireless transmission), while the controller output is electrically connected to the pump body 1 and the solenoid valve 5.

[0054] It should be noted that, as Figure 2As shown, the output end of the pump body 1 is connected to the drip irrigation pipe 6. The drip irrigation pipe 6 consists of a main pipe 601 and a branch pipe 602. Multiple drip irrigation nozzles 7 are connected to the side end of the branch pipe 602.

[0055] In practical applications, the controller dynamically calculates irrigation water volume based on soil moisture thresholds (e.g., triggering irrigation when soil moisture content is below 18% during the jointing stage) and ETO transpiration (referencing crop evapotranspiration), combined with its own preset model. Simultaneously, based on soil nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content and wheat nutrient requirements (e.g., nitrogen requirement during the greening stage reaches 40%), it generates fertilizer application recommendations (in this process, EC values ​​are used to reduce fertilizer application to avoid salt damage).

[0056] Therefore, when the threshold condition is met, the controller sends electrical signals to pump 1, screw feeder, and solenoid valve 5. During this process, pump 1 starts working, delivering water to the drip irrigation head 7. Through the connection between the feeding mechanism and the main pipeline 601, and the synchronous opening of the screw feeder and solenoid valve 5, the integrated water and fertilizer drip irrigation system can accurately deliver fertilizer into the drip irrigation pipe 6. During the water flow, the system completes the mixing of water and fertilizer, ensuring that the crop roots receive the necessary water and nutrients, thereby achieving efficient water and fertilizer drip irrigation. At the same time, if only pump 1 is turned on, while the screw feeder and solenoid valve 5 are not working, the simple drip irrigation effect on the field can be achieved.

[0057] It is worth noting that in existing technology, after water-fertilizer mixing and drip irrigation, the screw feeder and solenoid valve 5 can be closed, leaving only pump 1 open to allow a single body of water to continue flowing into the drip irrigation pipe 6, flushing the narrow gaps formed by the through holes and blockages. However, this approach prolongs the operating time of pump 1, as it has already been running for a considerable period during the water-fertilizer mixing drip irrigation stage. If only pump 1 remains operational, it will still need to run for an extended period due to the slow drip irrigation speed, which is not only uneconomical and energy-inefficient but may also increase the risk of damage to pump 1. Furthermore, if pump 1 is operated while clean water is injected, the inner cavity of drip irrigation pipe 6 will remain under high pressure, causing the water-fertilizer mixture inside pipe 6 to mix with the subsequently injected clean water. This would make it difficult to achieve the desired effect of flushing the narrow gaps formed by the through holes and blockages with clean water.

[0058] Furthermore, if the pump body 1 is turned on separately to flush the narrow gap formed by the through hole and the blockage block after watering and fertilization (i.e., the pump body 1 is turned on again after a period of downtime after watering and fertilization), on the one hand, it is difficult to accurately control the time when the water in the drip irrigation pipe 6 is completely drained, and once the fertilizer dries in the narrow gap, it is difficult to clean effectively. On the other hand, in order to meet the flushing conditions, the pump body 1 needs to run for an additional long period of time, during which a certain pressure needs to be maintained inside the drip irrigation pipe 6 until the pipe changes from dry to full. This process takes a long time and is not energy-efficient or environmentally friendly.

[0059] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, unlike existing devices, this device has a fertilizer mixing box 3 installed in the middle section of the main pipe 601. The inner cavity of the fertilizer mixing box 3 is connected to both the main pipe 601 and the discharge pipe 4. This design uses the fertilizer mixing box 3 to restrict the flow direction of water within it. By constraining the water flow and creating turbulence inside the fertilizer mixing box 3, combined with the fertilizer flowing into the mixing box 3, the pre-dissolving process of the fertilizer can be achieved in advance. This measure further ensures that the fertilizer flowing out of the drip irrigation nozzle 7 is fully mixed with the water, thereby avoiding the formation of an accumulation layer on the inner wall of the drip irrigation nozzle 7 due to excessively high local concentration, which would restrict water discharge.

[0060] In addition, a storage tank 2 is installed on one side of the main pipeline 601. The upper end of the storage tank 2 is connected to the main pipeline 601 through an inlet pipe, and the lower end is connected to the main pipeline 601 through an outlet pipe. At this time, the device is set so that the inlet pipe is higher than the fertilizer mixing box 3 and the outlet pipe is lower than the fertilizer mixing box 3. Furthermore, a one-way valve 9 is installed in the middle section of the outlet pipe to ensure that the water flows only from the storage tank 2 to the main pipeline 601, preventing the water-fertilizer mixture from flowing back into the storage tank 2 and contaminating the clean water in the storage tank 2, and ensuring that the water discharged from the storage tank 2 is pure.

[0061] It is worth noting that, such as Figure 3 As shown, in practical applications, due to gravity and the inertia of fluid kinetic energy, water tends to flow inside the main pipe 601. When the main pipe 601 is full and the pressure is sufficient, the water flows to the storage tank 2. Under normal conditions, the presence of the one-way valve 9 allows a certain amount of water to be retained in the storage tank 2 (mechanical one-way valves 9 typically achieve the technical effect of hindering water flow through specially designed flow channels, such as Tesla valves, or by setting a stop block in conjunction with a compression spring 706; therefore, this characteristic of the one-way valve 9 means that it must withstand a certain pressure before it can open).

[0062] Based on the above principles, in actual operation, the drip irrigation time is extended, and the water volume retained in the storage tank 2 (due to the characteristics of the one-way valve 9 and the higher water pressure in the main pipeline 601 than in the storage tank 2). When the pump body 1 stops working and the water pressure inside the main pipeline 601 drops to the threshold (at this time, the amount of water-fertilizer mixture inside the main pipeline 601 decreases), the storage tank 2 can continuously inject clean water into the drip irrigation pipe 6. Thus, without the additional participation of the pump body 1, the clean water in the cavity of the storage tank 2 can further dilute the fertilizer concentration of the water-fertilizer mixture in the main pipeline 601. At the same time, from the flow characteristics of water, it can be seen that after the clean water in the storage tank 2 is discharged, since the water pressure inside the drip irrigation pipe 6 is low at this time, the more fully the main pipeline 601 is combined with the clean water the further away from the drip irrigation pipe 6. This ensures that the liquid discharged from the drip irrigation nozzle 7 is a water-fertilizer mixture with very little fertilizer content, thereby cleaning the narrow gap at the lower end of the drip irrigation nozzle 7.

[0063] It should be clearly pointed out that when the water inside the storage tank 2 is discharged, air will inevitably be injected into it. In practical applications, air can enter through the connection between the pump body 1 and the main pipeline 601 or through the air inlet at the top of the storage tank 2 (not shown in the figure, and a one-way gas valve 9 needs to be installed to prevent water backflow and overflow).

[0064] In addition, a pressurizing device (not shown in the figure) can be added to the upper end of the liquid storage tank 2 in actual operation to help to completely drain the internal water.

[0065] Furthermore, in practical applications, this device can also adjust the preset program inside the controller to keep pump 1 running for a period of time after the drip irrigation is completed, in order to reduce the concentration of the water-fertilizer mixture inside the drip irrigation pipe 6. Then, pump 1 is turned off, and the clean water in the storage tank 2 is used to clean the narrow gap at the lower end of the drip irrigation nozzle 7. This avoids the long-term operation of pump 1 and further reduces the concentration of the water-fertilizer mixture discharged from the drip irrigation nozzle 7, ensuring a full rinsing effect.

[0066] Furthermore, in actual operation, the maximum flow rate of the one-way valve 9 can be limited to be less than the overall outflow rate of the drip irrigation pipe 6. In this state, during subsequent cleaning, the inflow rate of the drip irrigation pipe 6 is less than its outflow rate, the water pressure inside the diversion pipe 602 continues to decrease, and the water-fertilizer mixture is preferentially discharged through the drip irrigation nozzle 7. Therefore, this measure can keep the lower slit of the drip irrigation nozzle 7 clean by using low flow rate and long-term cleaning.

[0067] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, from a deeper perspective, this device incorporates a resistance valve 8 in the middle section of the inlet pipe. The resistance valve 8 ensures that the valve only opens when the pressure inside the main pipe 601 reaches a preset threshold, allowing water to flow from the main pipe 601 to the storage tank 2. This measure serves two purposes: firstly, it ensures that during the drip irrigation stage, the water pressure inside the main pipe 601 reaches the expected level—that is, the water pressure inside the main pipe 601 is greater than the water pressure inside the storage tank 2, preventing the one-way valve 9 from opening; secondly, the resistance valve 8 allows the storage tank 2 to act as a pressure relief tank for the main pipe 601, preventing damage due to excessive pressure (during long-term drip irrigation, both the pump body 1 and the drip irrigation pipe 6 will age over time; the pump body 1's output stability decreases with age, and the pressure threshold that the drip irrigation pipe 6 can withstand decreases; therefore, the storage tank 2 effectively ensures the stability of the entire drip irrigation system).

[0068] Furthermore, it should be clearly pointed out that in practical applications, the presence of the resistance valve 8 causes the internal pressure of the drip irrigation pipe 6 to gradually increase (this stage is the process from the water inside the drip irrigation pipe 6 filling up until the resistance valve 8 opens). In the drip irrigation system, the controller gradually increases the water pressure inside the drip irrigation pipe 6 to the expected value by precisely adjusting the operating power of the pump body 1, i.e., adjusting the water output. This process ensures precise control of the drip irrigation speed, meets actual usage requirements, and guarantees the efficiency and uniformity of irrigation.

[0069] Accordingly, at the end of the drip irrigation process, the controller can increase the operating power of the pump 1. During this process, the water pressure inside the drip irrigation pipe 6 increases, the water output of the drip irrigation nozzle 7 further increases, and the rapidly flowing water can loosen the fertilizer adhering to the through hole, making it easier to flush the through hole with a subsequent low-concentration water-fertilizer mixture or clean water.

[0070] Please refer to Figures 4 to 8 As shown, to prevent fertilizer from accumulating in the narrow channel between the block and the through hole, the drip irrigation nozzle 7 is designed with a shell (nozzle body) containing a lower outlet hole 708 (through hole), and an internal limiting block 705 (blocking block) embedded in the outlet hole 708. This design utilizes the sliding connection between the limiting block 705 and the shell 702. By changing the position of the limiting block 705 so that it is not at the same level as the outlet hole 708, the restriction of the limiting block 705 on the water outlet channel of the outlet hole 708 can be removed, allowing the water to flow out quickly, thereby achieving thorough cleaning of the outlet hole 708 and preventing fertilizer inside the remaining water from adhering to and drying on the inner wall of the shell 702.

[0071] It is worth noting that in practical applications, the limiting block 705 only needs to change its position to release the restriction on the outlet hole 708 when the pump body 1 stops running and the drip irrigation is basically stopped. Therefore, during this process, after the limiting block 705 moves, the water-fertilizer mixture can be quickly discharged, ensuring that the water output from the storage tank 2 is less contaminated.

[0072] It is important to emphasize that, in practical applications, the change in position of the limit block 705 can be achieved through electrical components or mechanical means. Electrical component control of the limit block 705 requires the use of established components such as electronic telescopic rods, screws, and motors; details will not be elaborated further.

[0073] Given the size limitations of the drip irrigation nozzle 7 and the difficulty and cost of laying the control line, this device adopts a mechanical control limit block 705.

[0074] Specifically, such as Figure 6 , Figure 7As shown, this device has a positioning plate 704 inside the outer casing 702. A compression spring 706 is provided on the upper side of the positioning plate 704, and a T-shaped rod 703 with an upper and lower axial direction is slidably connected to the middle section of the positioning plate 704. Therefore, this device stipulates that the smaller diameter part of the T-shaped rod 703 is slidably connected to the positioning plate 704, and the larger diameter part of the T-shaped rod 703 abuts against the axial end of the compression spring 706. At this time, by stipulating that the lower end of the T-shaped rod 703 protrudes from the positioning plate 704 and is fixedly connected to the limiting block 705, the limiting block 705 can restrict the liquid outlet 708 as the upper end of the T-shaped rod 703 moves downward under the downward pressure to overcome the resistance of the compression spring 706.

[0075] In practical applications, when the drip irrigation system is operating normally and the internal pressure of the drip irrigation tube 6 is relatively high, the T-shaped rod 703 will automatically move down to form a narrow channel between the limiting block 705 and the liquid outlet 708, thereby achieving precise drip irrigation. After the pump body 1 stops working, the internal pressure of the drip irrigation tube 6 decreases. At this time, the compression spring 706 releases its elastic potential energy, driving the T-shaped rod 703 to move the limiting block 705 upward, releasing the restriction on the liquid outlet 708, and facilitating the rapid emptying of the liquid in the drip irrigation tube 6.

[0076] In summary, this device stipulates that when the compression spring 706 is not affected by external force, the limiting block 705 and the liquid outlet 708 are not on the same horizontal plane.

[0077] Furthermore, such as Figure 6 , Figure 8 As shown, to ensure that the limiting block 705 can increase the water output of the drip irrigation head 7 during movement, and to avoid the aging of the compression spring 706 during long-term use, thus preventing the limiting block 705 from being unable to completely detach from the outlet hole 708 and still restricting the outlet hole 708, this device designs the limiting block 705 as a frustum structure, with the upper diameter of the limiting block 705 being larger than the lower diameter. This design ensures that the limiting block 705 can gradually adjust the distance between itself and the inner wall of the outlet hole 708 as it moves upward, maintaining a large gap even if the upward movement is insufficient, ensuring smooth discharge of the water-fertilizer mixture.

[0078] Accordingly, this device limits the angle between the hypotenuse of the trapezoid formed by the projection of the limiting block 705 onto the vertical plane and the horizontal plane, requiring that the angle be greater than 75°. This measure ensures the stability of the drip irrigation process and effectively prevents short-term large-scale water leakage caused by internal pressure fluctuations in the drip irrigation pipe 6, thereby preventing a sharp drop in internal pressure of the drip irrigation pipe 6.

[0079] It should be emphasized that, although subsequent flushing operations can prevent fertilizer from accumulating and drying inside the outlet 708 in this device, in actual long-term drip irrigation, there is still a possibility that the fertilizer in the water-fertilizer mixture may accumulate in layers and adhere to the inner wall of the outer casing 702.

[0080] Based on this, a scraper 707 with a ring-shaped structure is fixedly connected to the lower end of the limiting plate in this device. By further limiting the outer diameter of the scraper 707 to be equal to the inner diameter of the liquid outlet 708, when the limiting block 705 drives the scraper 707 to move upward, the scraper 707 can be used to scrape the inner wall of the liquid outlet 708, thereby removing the fertilizer adhering to it.

[0081] Please refer to Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 9 Furthermore, to adapt to different planting areas (soil water absorption rate and groundwater content determine drip irrigation frequency, drip irrigation difficulty, and single drip irrigation duration), the constraint positioning plate 704 of this device is slidably connected to the outer shell 702, and the projection of the positioning plate 704 on the horizontal plane is a polygonal structure, thereby restricting the positioning plate 704 to only slide vertically.

[0082] In practical applications, by adjusting the initial height of the positioning plate 704, the initial position of the compression spring 706 can be changed, which in turn changes the initial position of the T-shaped rod 703 (limiting block 705). The higher the initial position of the T-shaped rod 703 (limiting block 705), the higher its final height after the water pressure drops, and the larger the gap between the limiting block 705 and the liquid outlet 708. At this time, the irrigation rate can be increased accordingly.

[0083] Specifically, this device has a positioning component 710 fixedly connected to the lower end of the positioning plate 704. The positioning component 710 presents an arc-shaped projection on the horizontal plane and a right-angled triangle structure on the vertical plane. A limiting component 709 is correspondingly provided below each positioning component 710. At this time, by restricting the rotational connection between the limiting component 709 and the outer shell 702, we take advantage of the characteristic that the positioning plate 704 can only move in a straight line up and down and cannot rotate. By adjusting the position of the limiting block 705 and combining it with the thickness difference of the positioning component 710 itself, we achieve passive adjustment of the position of the positioning plate 704.

[0084] It should be noted that during actual drip irrigation, the downward pressure exerted by the water on the T-shaped rod 703 and the positioning plate 704 is sufficient to ensure that the positioning component 710 and the limiting component 709 are in contact.

[0085] Accordingly, a knob 701 is rotatably connected to the upper end of the outer casing 702 of this device, and the knob 701 is connected to the limiting member 709 in a transmission manner. This allows the operator to make the drip irrigation network more suitable for the actual environment by rotating the knob 701 during the initial deployment stage of the drip irrigation network.

[0086] Please refer to Figure 10 - Figure 15To improve the mixing efficiency of water and fertilizer in the fertilizer mixing box 3, and to fully prevent water from flowing into the feeding mechanism along the feeding pipe 4 after the main pipe 601 is filled with water and has a certain water pressure, this device... Figure 10 , Figure 11 As shown, by limiting the position of the discharge port 1005 of the fertilizer mixing box 3 and the main pipe 601 corresponding to the discharge port 1005, and combining the material dropping mechanism 10 set inside the fertilizer mixing box 3, the water can form a strong interaction inside the fertilizer mixing box 3, thereby ensuring that the water and fertilizer can be well premixed inside the fertilizer mixing box 3.

[0087] Specifically, such as Figure 11 , Figure 12 As shown, the feeding mechanism 10 includes a mounting housing 1001 fixedly connected to the fertilizer mixing box 3. The open end of the mounting housing 1001 is tightly fitted with the inner wall of the fertilizer mixing box 3 to form a sealed structure.

[0088] In addition, a discharge port 1005 is provided at the lower end of the mounting housing 1001, and an intermittent feeding component 1003 is provided inside the mounting housing 1001. At this time, the upper end face of the intermittent feeding component 1003 and the inner wall of the mounting housing 1001 together form a material receiving cavity, which is connected to the discharge pipe 4. Therefore, in actual operation, fertilizer enters the material receiving cavity through the discharge pipe 4, and then is discharged from the discharge port 1005 under the drive of the intermittent feeding component 1003. During this process, the movement directions of fertilizer and water are not the same, so a relatively intense interaction can be formed between fertilizer and water, thereby completing premixing. At the same time, this process achieves intermittent feeding with the help of the intermittent feeding component 1003, which can use fertilizer to block water from entering the material receiving cavity, preventing water from eroding the fertilizer and causing the fertilizer to condense in the material receiving cavity.

[0089] Specifically, in practical applications, the intermittent feeding component 1003 can be either mechanical or electrically controlled. The electrically controlled type utilizes an electronic actuator in conjunction with an electronically controlled valve. When the electronic actuator pushes fertilizer into the pipe diameter of the electronically controlled valve, the electronically controlled valve opens, and at this time, the electronic actuator can push the fertilizer out of the discharge port 1005. When the electronically controlled valve closes, water cannot enter the material receiving chamber.

[0090] Furthermore, given the harsh and complex on-site environment, the electrical control facilities are difficult to operate stably for extended periods, and the material discharge rate needs to be highly correlated with the water flow rate to avoid excessively high water-fertilizer concentrations (excessive water-fertilizer concentrations are detrimental to crop growth and increase the probability of fertilizer adhering to the inner wall of the outer casing 702). Therefore, the intermittent feeding component 1003 in this device is mechanical. Additionally, a propeller blade 1002 is rotatably connected to the side of the mounting casing 1001, and the propeller blade 1002 is connected to the drive unit of the intermittent feeding component 1003. This ensures that the water flow rate is positively correlated with the discharge rate of the intermittent feeding component 1003.

[0091] Please refer to Figure 12 , Figure 13 Specifically, the intermittent feeding component 1003 includes a follower disk 10034 located inside the mounting housing 1001. A drive shaft 10031 is connected to the follower disk 10034 by a key. The drive shaft 10031 extends to the outside of the mounting housing 1001 and is fixedly connected to the propeller blade 1002. This enables the transmission connection between the follower disk 10034 and the propeller blade 1002.

[0092] In addition, multiple receiving slots 10035 are provided through the follower disk 10034. The multiple receiving slots 10035 are arranged at equal intervals around the central axis of the follower disk 10034. This allows fertilizer to fall into the receiving slots 10035 and rotate with the follower disk 10034, thereby completing the position change from the material receiving chamber to the discharge port 1005.

[0093] Accordingly, such as Figure 12 , Figure 14 As shown, to achieve a seal and prevent water from entering the material chamber, the device has a positioning plate 10032 at each of the two axial ends of the follower plate 10034. The two positioning plates 10032 are fixedly connected to the mounting housing 1001, and a sealing gasket 10033 is fixedly connected to the side of the two positioning plates 10032 near the follower plate 10034. At this time, by opening a mating groove 10036 between the two sealing gaskets 10033, the follower plate 10034 is restricted from embedding into the mating groove 10036 and abutting against the sealing gasket 10033 (part of the outer end and part of the axial end of the follower plate 10034 abut against the sealing gasket 10033), ensuring that water cannot enter the material chamber through the abutting part of the follower plate 10034 and the sealing gasket 10033.

[0094] It is worth noting that, due to the rotational characteristics, the receiving tank 10035 has different orientations in the material receiving cavity and the discharge port 1005. Therefore, as Figure 13 As shown, after the fertilizer follows the follower plate 10034 into the water body through the discharge port 1005, some of the fertilizer can be directly and quickly mixed with the water body, while the fertilizer embedded in the receiving tank 10035 will inevitably mix with the water body more slowly due to the influence of water pressure. This measure can ensure the continuous injection of fertilizer (intermittent feeding component) and avoid excessively high local water-fertilizer mixing concentration.

[0095] It should be noted that, due to the concave design of the receiving tank 10035, when a certain part of the receiving tank 10035 passes through the discharge port 1005 into the water body, and then continues to pass through the discharge port 1005 into the material receiving cavity, there may be a mixture of water and fertilizer in the receiving tank 10035.

[0096] Therefore, as Figure 15As shown, to prevent a large amount of water-fertilizer mixture from entering the storage chamber, a flexible barrier pad 1004 is fixedly connected inside the discharge port 1005 (the flexible material allows the barrier pad 1004 to deform and shift). When one of the receiving grooves 10035 passes through the discharge port 1005 and re-enters the discharge port 1005, the barrier pad 1004 is embedded in the receiving groove 10035, thereby cleaning the receiving groove 10035 using the barrier pad 1004.

[0097] It should be noted that this device does not limit the cleaning function of the barrier pad 1004. Its main purpose is to prevent fertilizer from re-entering the container cavity along with the receiving tank 10035. When the water in the receiving tank 10035 enters the container cavity, the water absorption characteristics of the fertilizer can be utilized to ensure the dryness of the container cavity and to achieve the pre-dissolution of the fertilizer.

[0098] Based on the above, the specific usage method of the wheat growth adaptive water and fertilizer drip irrigation device mentioned in this invention is as follows:

[0099] I. Data Detection and Transmission Stage

[0100] Core objective: To collect real-time data on soil moisture, crop growth status, and the environment to provide support for controller decision-making.

[0101] 1) Layout of the detection device

[0102] - Wheat growth monitoring: Multispectral / hyperspectral sensors are deployed in the field to measure SPAD values ​​and leaf area index (LAI values) that reflect chlorophyll content; stem diameter sensors are installed to monitor stem growth rate; and leaf surface temperature sensors are configured to monitor leaf surface temperature that reflects transpiration.

[0103] - Soil physicochemical parameter monitoring: Soil moisture sensors are used and buried in the 20-30cm topsoil layer to detect soil moisture content (accuracy ±3%) and EC value (electrical conductivity) which reflects soil salinity; soil nutrient sensors are configured to detect soil nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content and soil pH value; soil temperature sensors are used in conjunction to collect soil temperature data.

[0104] -Environmental meteorological parameter collection: Combining wheat growth status and soil parameter monitoring needs, basic meteorological data such as environmental temperature and humidity are collected simultaneously to provide input for ETO evapotranspiration calculation.

[0105] 2) Data transmission: The detection device transmits real-time collected SPAD values, LAI values, stem growth rate, leaf surface temperature, soil moisture content, EC values, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content, pH value, soil temperature and environmental meteorological parameters to the controller input terminal through electrical connection or wireless transmission (such as LoRa) to build a dynamic database and provide complete data support for decision-making.

[0106] II. Controller Decision-Making and Command Sending Phase

[0107] Core objective: Based on detection data, preset thresholds, and crop growth patterns, dynamically calculate irrigation water and fertilizer application amounts, trigger or terminate the drip irrigation process, and control the precise operation of related equipment.

[0108] 1) Data processing and threshold determination

[0109] - Irrigation water volume calculation: Based on soil moisture threshold and ET0 evapotranspiration, the irrigation water volume is dynamically calculated using a preset model.

[0110] - Fertilizer application rate and formula generation: Based on the soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content and the fertilizer requirements of wheat, formula fertilization recommendations are generated. At the same time, the amount of chemical fertilizer applied is adjusted in combination with the soil EC value (to avoid salt damage) to reduce the risk of over-fertilization.

[0111] 2) Command output

[0112] - Integrated water and fertilizer drip irrigation start-up: When the detection data meets the irrigation and fertilization threshold conditions (such as soil moisture content being lower than the threshold and fertilizer requirement matching), the controller sends electrical signals to pump body 1 (start water supply), screw feeder (start fertilizer delivery), and solenoid valve 5 (control fertilizer flow) to simultaneously start the water and fertilizer mixing and drip irrigation process, ensuring accurate delivery of water and nutrients.

[0113] - Simple drip irrigation mode: If only water needs to be replenished (such as when the soil moisture content is below the threshold but the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content meets the standard), the controller only sends a start signal to the pump body 1, and the screw feeder and solenoid valve 5 remain closed to achieve the effect of simple drip irrigation.

[0114] -Standby status: If the detection data (soil moisture content, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content, etc.) are all within the appropriate range, the controller will remain in standby status and will not trigger the equipment to run.

[0115] III. Water and Fertilizer Mixing Stage

[0116] Core objective: To achieve uniform mixing of water and fertilizer, avoid excessively high local concentrations, and prevent water backflow that could contaminate the fertilizer.

[0117] 1) Start-up of water and fertilizer supply: Pump body 1 delivers water to main pipeline 601, and screw feeder and solenoid valve 5 open simultaneously. Fertilizer enters the fertilizer mixing box 3 of main pipeline 601 through discharge pipe 4.

[0118] 2) Mechanical intermittent mixing:

[0119] - The propeller blade 1002 inside the fertilizer mixing box 3 rotates with the water flow, and drives the follower disk 10034 to rotate through the drive shaft 10031 (the follower disk 10034 is provided with equally spaced receiving grooves 10035).

[0120] - Fertilizer falls into the receiving tank 10035, and the follower plate 10034 rotates to the discharge port 1005, injecting water perpendicular to the water flow direction, forming violent turbulence and completing pre-mixing; at the same time, the sealing gaskets 10033 at both ends of the follower plate 10034 cooperate with the positioning plate 10032 to prevent water from flowing back into the material chamber (fertilizer storage area).

[0121] - Barrier pad 1004 cleans the container 10035 of residual water and fertilizer to prevent fertilizer from clumping or water from eroding the container cavity.

[0122] 3) Ensure uniformity of mixing: By making the rotation speed of the propeller blade 1002 positively correlated with the water flow speed, the fertilizer supply speed is matched with the water flow speed, avoiding excessively high local concentrations.

[0123] IV. Drip Irrigation Implementation Phase

[0124] Core objective: To precisely apply evenly mixed water and fertilizer to the crop roots through the drip irrigation nozzle 7, while preventing impurities from clogging the roots.

[0125] 1) Sprinkler head structure and working status: The drip irrigation sprinkler head 7 consists of: outer shell 702 (including liquid outlet 708), limit block 705 (blocking block), T-shaped rod 703, compression spring 706, and positioning plate 704.

[0126] 2) Normal drip irrigation mode: The water pressure in the main pipe 601 increases, pushing the T-shaped rod 703 downward, compressing the compression spring 706, and embedding the limiting block 705 into the liquid outlet 708, forming a narrow gap. Water seeps through the gap and condenses into droplets at the lower end of the limiting block 705, thus achieving drip irrigation.

[0127] V. Nozzle anti-clogging cleaning stage

[0128] Core objective: To remove residual fertilizer from the inner wall of the nozzle through mechanical structure and fluid control, preventing blockage in narrow gaps.

[0129] 1) Pretreatment at the end of drip irrigation

[0130] Rapid drainage and concentration reduction: The controller increases the power of pump 1 at the end of the drip irrigation period to accelerate the water flow and quickly discharge the high concentration of fertilizer in the pipeline; or only pump 1 is turned on (fertilizer supply is turned off) to inject clean water to dilute the residual fertilizer.

[0131] 2) Clean water flushing mechanism for liquid storage tank 2

[0132] - Storage tank 2 stores water: During drip irrigation, after the water pressure in the main pipeline 601 reaches the threshold, the resistance valve 8 opens, and water enters the storage tank 2 through the inlet pipe (the resistance valve 8 ensures that the pressure in the main pipeline 601 meets the standard, and avoids water storage from affecting the drip irrigation efficiency).

[0133] - Flushing after pump 1 stops: After pump 1 stops, the water pressure in the main pipeline 601 drops, and the clean water in the storage tank 2 is injected into the drip irrigation pipe 6 through the outlet pipe (one-way valve 9):

[0134] - Function of one-way valve 9: It only allows clean water to flow from the liquid storage tank 2 to the drip irrigation pipe 6, and the flow rate is less than the drip irrigation water output speed, so as to achieve low flow rate and long-term flushing.

[0135] - Dilution and rinsing: Dilute residual fertilizer with clean water and discharge it from the drip irrigation nozzle 7 to flush out narrow gaps and reduce fertilizer buildup.

[0136] 3) Mechanical reset of limit block 705 and inner wall scraping

[0137] - Limit block 705 moves upward: After the pump body 1 stops, the water pressure in the main pipeline 601 decreases, the compression spring 706 resets, pushes the T-shaped rod 703 upward, and drives the limit block 705 to disengage from the liquid outlet 708. The liquid outlet 708 is fully opened, and the residual water and fertilizer are quickly discharged.

[0138] - Scraper 707 cleaning: The annular scraper 707 at the lower end of the limiting block 705 moves upward to scrape off the fertilizer residue adhering to the inner wall of the liquid outlet 708, preventing it from drying and clumping.

[0139] 4) Adaptation and adjustment

[0140] Positioning plate 704 height adjustment: By rotating the knob 701 at the upper end of the outer casing 702, the limiting component 709 is rotated, changing the initial height of the positioning plate 704, and thus adjusting the preload of the compression spring 706. The higher the positioning plate 704, the greater the upward movement distance of the limiting block 705, and the larger the gap of the liquid outlet 708, to adapt to different soil water absorption rates (such as areas with high water absorption rates requiring a greater drainage speed).

[0141] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A wheat growth cycle adaptive water and fertilizer drip irrigation device, comprising a controller with a detection device electrically connected to its input end and a pump body and a solenoid valve electrically connected to its output end, wherein, The pump body has a drip irrigation pipe connected to its output end. The drip irrigation pipe consists of a main pipe and a branch pipe. Multiple drip irrigation nozzles are connected to the side end of the branch pipe. Furthermore, a feeding mechanism for carrying fertilizer is provided on one side of the pump body. The feeding mechanism is connected to the main pipe through a feeding pipe. A solenoid valve is located in the middle section of the feeding pipe to control the amount of fertilizer falling. The main pipe has a fertilizer mixing box in the middle section, and the inner cavity of the fertilizer mixing box is connected to the main pipe and the feeding pipe. A liquid storage tank is installed on one side of the main pipeline. The upper end of the liquid storage tank is connected to the main pipeline through an inlet pipe and the lower end is connected to the main pipeline through an outlet pipe. The height of the inlet pipe is greater than the height of the fertilizer mixing box, a resistance valve is installed in the middle section of the inlet pipe, and the height of the outlet pipe is less than the height of the fertilizer mixing box. A one-way valve is installed in the middle section of the outlet pipe, which restricts the water to flow only from the inside of the storage tank to the inside of the main pipeline. The drip irrigation nozzle includes an outer shell with a liquid outlet hole on the lower side, and a limit block is slidably connected inside the outer shell, with the limit block embedded inside the liquid outlet hole; The outer casing is provided with a positioning plate, and a compression spring is provided on the upper side of the positioning plate. A T-shaped rod with an upper and lower axial direction is slidably connected to the middle section of the positioning plate. The smaller diameter part of the T-shaped rod is slidably connected to the positioning plate, and the larger diameter part of the T-shaped rod abuts against the axial end of the compression spring. The lower end of the T-shaped rod protrudes from the positioning plate and is fixedly connected to the limiting block. When the upper end of the T-shaped rod is subjected to downward pressure to overcome the resistance of the compression spring and moves downward, the limiting block restricts the liquid outlet. When the compression spring is not affected by external force, the limiting block and the liquid outlet are not on the same horizontal plane.

2. The wheat growth cycle adaptive water and fertilizer drip irrigation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The limiting block has a frustum structure, with the upper diameter of the limiting block being larger than its lower diameter, and the angle between the hypotenuse of the trapezoid formed by the projection of the limiting block onto the vertical plane and the horizontal plane is greater than 75°.

3. The wheat growth cycle adaptive water and fertilizer drip irrigation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower end of the limiting block is fixedly connected to a scraper with an annular structure, the outer diameter of which is equal to the inner diameter of the liquid outlet hole.

4. The wheat growth cycle adaptive water and fertilizer drip irrigation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning plate is projected as a polygonal structure on the horizontal plane. The positioning plate is slidably connected to the outer shell, and the positioning plate moves vertically relative to the outer shell. The lower end of the positioning plate is fixedly connected to a positioning component with an arc shape in the horizontal plane projection and a right-angled triangle structure in the vertical plane projection. Each positioning component has a corresponding limiting component on its lower side, and the limiting component is rotatably connected to the outer shell. A knob is rotatably connected to the upper end of the outer shell, and the knob is connected to the limiting component in a transmission manner.

5. The wheat growth cycle adaptive water and fertilizer drip irrigation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilizer mixing box is equipped with a material discharging mechanism, which includes a mounting housing fixedly connected to the fertilizer mixing box, and a material outlet is provided at the lower end of the mounting housing. The mounting housing is rotatably connected to a propeller blade, and an intermittent feeding component is provided inside the mounting housing. The intermittent feeding component is sealed and fixedly connected to the inner wall of the mounting housing, and the propeller blade is driven by the drive unit of the intermittent feeding component. The upper surface of the intermittent feeding component and the inner wall of the mounting housing together form a material receiving cavity, which is connected to the feeding pipe.

6. The wheat growth cycle adaptive water and fertilizer drip irrigation device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The intermittent feeding component includes two positioning discs fixedly connected to the mounting housing. Each of the two positioning discs has a sealing gasket fixedly connected to its near end. The two sealing gaskets are abutting each other, and a mating groove is formed between the two sealing gaskets. The mating groove and the discharge port are on the same vertical plane. A follower disk is rotatably connected inside the mating groove. Multiple receiving slots are opened through the follower disk. The multiple receiving slots are arranged equidistantly around the central axis of the follower disk. Furthermore, a drive shaft is keyed to the follower disk. The drive shaft extends to the outside of the mounting housing and is fixedly connected to the propeller blade.

7. The wheat growth cycle adaptive water and fertilizer drip irrigation device according to claim 6, characterized in that: A flexible barrier pad is fixedly connected inside the discharge port. When one of the receiving grooves passes through the discharge port and re-enters the receiving cavity, the barrier pad is embedded in the receiving groove.

8. The method of using the wheat growth cycle adaptive water and fertilizer drip irrigation device according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: S1: The detection device sends the collected soil moisture content, soil EC value, soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content, soil pH value, soil temperature, wheat leaf SPAD value, leaf area index, stem diameter, leaf surface temperature and environmental meteorological parameters to the controller in real time. S2: The preset thresholds are the soil moisture thresholds, ETO transpiration and soil nutrient content parameter ranges corresponding to each stage of the wheat growth cycle. The controller compares the detection data with the preset thresholds in conjunction with the preset model. When the soil moisture content is below the moisture threshold and the fertilizer requirement is matched, the drip irrigation command is triggered, and the controller controls the pump, solenoid valve and feeding mechanism to start synchronously. S3: At the end of the drip irrigation period, the controller increases the pump's operating power. At this time, after the water pressure in the main pipeline reaches the threshold, the resistance valve opens, and the water enters the storage tank through the inlet pipe. S4: After drip irrigation ends, the controller closes the solenoid valve and the feeding mechanism, while keeping the pump running at high power. S5: After a certain period of time has elapsed since drip irrigation ended, the controller stops the pump. At this time, the check valve opens, and the water in the storage tank enters the main pipeline.

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