Eriobotrya japonica simple shed stress-resistant early-maturing cultivation method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of loquat cultivation, in particular to a simple loquat shed stress-resistant early-maturing cultivation method, which comprises the following steps: building a simple frame according to the terrain by using waste steel pipes and plastic rods, covering each group with 3-5 trees, covering with cold-proof cloth after flowers fall and before cold waves come to form a simple shed, arranging doors and windows, and ensuring that the temperature in the shed is not lower than 0 DEG C; fruit thinning is conducted in February, 2-4 fruits are reserved on each spike, and about 30% of vegetative branches are reserved; removing redundant spring shoots in March; when the greenhouse temperature exceeds 25 DEG C, ventilation and heat dissipation are conducted, the greenhouse is disassembled at the beginning of April, materials are stored, then bagging is conducted, and a sunshade net is covered at the high temperature to prevent sunburn. The simple greenhouse structure which is low in cost, easy to build and reusable in material is adopted, low-temperature freezing injury is effectively resisted, fruit sunburn and fruit wrinkling are prevented, the fruit maturation period is advanced by about 20 days, the commodity fruit rate and yield are remarkably increased, and good economic benefits and popularization value are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of loquat cultivation technology, specifically to a simple greenhouse method for promoting early and stress-resistant loquat cultivation. Background Technology

[0002] Loquat is an evergreen fruit tree belonging to the subfamily Maloideae of the Rosaceae family. Currently, the cultivation area of ​​loquat in my country exceeds 2 million mu (approximately 133,333 hectares), with an annual output of about 900,000 tons. Loquat fruit is loved by consumers for its soft, juicy texture, delicious taste, rich nutrition, and health benefits such as expectorant, cough-suppressing, and lung-moistening properties. However, loquat yield and quality are greatly affected by climate. Low-temperature freezing damage, excessive rainfall causing fruit cracking, and high-temperature sunburn are key factors affecting loquat yield. Greenhouse cultivation is an effective way to cope with severe weather and ensure stable loquat production and increased income. Greenhouse cultivation not only controls adverse weather conditions but also allows the fruit to ripen earlier, avoiding a concentrated ripening period, thus achieving higher profits. In recent years, with the frequent occurrence of abnormal weather, greenhouse cultivation for loquat has developed rapidly.

[0003] However, loquat cultivation in greenhouses currently faces numerous challenges. Conventional frost-resistant greenhouses utilize steel-framed multi-span structures, resulting in high construction costs; they also require specific terrain conditions, making widespread adoption difficult; large-scale cultivation leads to high winter heating costs; and removing the plastic film covering the loquats after harvest is inconvenient. On one hand, high temperatures and humidity inside the greenhouse during summer can cause excessive vegetative growth, hindering flowering; if the film is not removed promptly during fruit ripening, excessively high temperatures can cause fruit wrinkling or sunscald. On the other hand, the film ages easily, affecting light penetration, and replacement is costly. Furthermore, continuous film coverage negatively impacts soil health, leading to severe soil salinization.

[0004] In summary, traditional facility cultivation methods are costly, require advanced cultivation techniques, and have limited applicability. There is an urgent need to develop a cultivation method that is low-cost, easy to use, widely adaptable, and can be effectively promoted and applied on a large scale. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on the above problems, this invention provides a simple greenhouse cultivation method for loquat to promote early growth and withstand adverse conditions. This simple greenhouse cultivation method effectively solves the shortcomings of traditional facility cultivation methods, is highly practical, and offers significant benefits compared to open-field cultivation. It can be widely promoted and applied. The method specifically includes the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Using inexpensive scrap steel pipes and plastic poles, build a simple frame according to the terrain, grouping 3-5 trees together. After all the trees have finished flowering, cover the simple frame with breathable German-made RWK frost-proof cloth before the cold wave arrives, creating a simple shed. Each shed has a zippered door at the front and several skylights at the top. Hang an IoT temperature and humidity recorder inside the shed. When the temperature is below 0℃, start using heating lamps, electric heaters, or heating furnaces to keep the temperature inside the shed ≥0℃.

[0007] Step 2: Start thinning the fruit in February, removing small and underdeveloped fruits, leaving 2-4 young fruits per cluster, and reserving 30% of the branches on the whole tree as nutrient branches without bearing fruit. After the spring shoots sprout in March, remove the excess spring shoots in time.

[0008] Step 3: When the temperature inside the greenhouse is above 25℃, open the skylights and doors to dissipate heat. Remove the greenhouse film in early April and store it for reuse. After inspecting and removing any substandard fruit, use special fruit bags to bag the entire bunch. At the same time, use the greenhouse frame to fix a 55% shade net and cover it with shade in sunny and hot weather when the temperature is above 30℃ to prevent sunburn and fruit wrinkling. Before harvesting the fruit, take down the shade net and store it for reuse the following year.

[0009] The present invention has the following advantages: the simple greenhouse anti-stress and early-maturing cultivation method can significantly reduce the cost of building facilities, the method is simple, the materials can be reused, and it has no impact on the growth of the tree. However, it can advance the fruit ripening period by about 20 days and effectively prevent the occurrence of low temperature frost damage, sunburn and wrinkled fruit. The commercial fruit rate and yield are significantly improved, and the economic benefits are significant. Attached Figure Description

[0010] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0011] Figure 1 This is a graph showing temperature changes (the top graph is the control group, and the bottom graph is the experimental group). The graph shows the temperature changes inside the greenhouse in Experiment Example 1. Detailed Implementation

[0012] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0013] Example 1

[0014] Step one: Using inexpensive scrap steel pipes and plastic poles, construct a simple frame according to the terrain, grouping 3-5 trees together. After all the trees have finished flowering, before the cold snap arrives, cover the simple frame with breathable German-made RWK frost-proof cloth to create a makeshift shelter. Each shelter should have a zippered door at the front and several skylights in the roof. Hang an IoT temperature and humidity recorder inside the shelter. When the temperature drops below 0℃, use heating lamps, electric heaters, or a heating furnace to maintain the temperature inside the shelter at or above 0℃. Continue heating until the low temperature condition ends.

[0015] Step 2: Start thinning the fruit in February, removing small and underdeveloped fruits, leaving 2-4 young fruits per cluster, and reserving 30% of the branches on the whole tree as nutrient branches without bearing fruit. After the spring shoots sprout in March, remove the excess spring shoots in time.

[0016] Step 3: When the temperature inside the greenhouse is above 25℃, open the skylights and doors to dissipate heat. Remove the greenhouse film in early April and store it for reuse. After inspecting and removing any substandard fruit, use special fruit bags to bag the entire bunch. At the same time, use the greenhouse frame to fix a 55% shade net and cover it with shade in sunny and hot weather when the temperature is above 30℃ to prevent sunburn and fruit wrinkling. Before harvesting the fruit, take down the shade net and store it for reuse the following year.

[0017] Experimental Example 1

[0018] More than 85% of the loquats in Lanxi are located in mountainous areas, making the construction of new greenhouse facilities difficult and costly. Therefore, studying the impact of simple heat preservation and frost protection methods on the frost protection effect of open-field loquats is of great significance for ensuring stable loquat production.

[0019] (1) Experimental site: Jitiwu Family Farm, Lanxi City

[0020] (2) Trial period: December 20, 2023 to January 26, 2024

[0021] (3) Tested variety: Soft-striped Baisha

[0022] (4) Test materials: simple shed covered with German RWK cold protection cloth (31 grams) + heater.

[0023] (5) Experimental Design: In January, loquats in Zhejiang Province are in the stage of young fruit after flowering. When the temperature drops below -3℃, severe frost damage will occur. Therefore, frost protection measures in January are crucial to ensuring stable loquat yield. The experimental group cultivated loquats in a simple shed according to the method in Example 1; the control group was cultivated in open field; otherwise, the routine management of the experimental group and the control group remained the same.

[0024] (6) Test Results

[0025] A frost protection experiment was conducted from January 22nd to 23rd, 2024, using a simple greenhouse for heating cultivation. Data showed that the simple greenhouse heating increased the temperature around the loquat trees, raising the minimum temperature by 6.4℃ compared to open-field temperatures. Figure 1 See Table 1.

[0026] Table 1 Temperature Changes During the Cold Wave from January 22nd to January 23rd, 2024

[0027] Time to reach -3℃ Time to rise above -3°C minimum temperature Duration of temperatures below -3°C Comparison January 22, 23:50 January 23, 08:35 -6.8℃ 8 hours and 45 minutes makeshift shed none none -0.4℃ none

[0028] (7) Comparison of maturity period and yield

[0029] Loquats grown in simple greenhouses will be harvested starting April 25th, while those grown in open fields will be harvested starting May 15th, with the ripening period about 20 days earlier. Before thinning, each cluster of fruit in the simple greenhouses will have 18.1 fruits, yielding 11.6 kg of marketable fruit per plant at maturity, equivalent to 487.2 kg per mu (approximately 0.16 acres). In open fields, each cluster will have 2.8 fruits, yielding 6.0 kg of marketable fruit per plant at maturity, equivalent to 252.0 kg per mu (approximately 0.16 acres).

[0030] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A simple greenhouse cultivation method for loquat to promote early and stress-resistant cultivation, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Use discarded steel pipes and plastic poles to build a simple frame according to the terrain, with 3-5 trees per group; after the entire tree has finished flowering and before the cold wave arrives, cover the simple frame with a frost-proof cloth to obtain a simple shed. Each shed should be equipped with a door and several skylights. When the low temperature arrives, heat it up until the temperature inside the shed is ≥0℃. Step 2: Start thinning the fruit in February, removing small and underdeveloped fruits, leaving 2-4 young fruits per cluster, and reserving 30% of the branches on the whole tree as nutrient branches without bearing fruit. After the spring shoots sprout in March, remove the excess spring shoots in time. Step 3: When the temperature inside the greenhouse is above 25℃, open the skylights and doors to dissipate heat. Remove the greenhouse's frost protection cloth in early April and store it. After inspecting and removing any substandard fruits, use fruit bags to bag the entire bunch.

2. The method for simple greenhouse cultivation of loquat to promote early growth and resistance to adverse conditions, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The cold-proof fabric mentioned in step one is RWK cold-proof fabric produced in Germany.

3. The method for simple greenhouse cultivation of loquat to promote early growth and withstand adverse conditions, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... In step one, an IoT temperature and humidity recorder and a heating device are installed inside the shed.

4. The method for simple greenhouse cultivation of loquat to promote early growth and resistance to adverse conditions, as described in claim 3, is characterized in that... The heating device is a heating lamp, an electric heater, or a heating furnace.

5. The method for stress-resistant and early-maturing loquat cultivation in a simple greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step three, a shade net with a shading rate of 55% is fixed on the trellis. The net is used to provide shade on sunny days when the temperature is above 30℃. The shade net is taken down before the fruit is harvested.

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