High-openness cut babysbreath anti-aging pre-treatment liquid based on moisture-energy-ethylene cooperative regulation and negative pressure permeation treatment method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of cut flower post-harvest physiological regulation and control, in particular to high-openness cut babysbreath anti-aging pre-treatment liquid based on moisture-energy-ethylene coordinated regulation and a negative pressure permeation treatment method of the high-openness cut babysbreath anti-aging pre-treatment liquid. The pretreatment liquid is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight / volume: 20 to 30 g / L of trehalose, 300 to 400 mg / L of 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate, 150 to 200 mg / L of ammonium citrate, 5 to 15 mg / L of nano-silver sol, 15 to 25 mg / L of gibberellin, 25 to 50 mg / L of salicylic acid, 5 to 20 g / L of chitosan quaternary ammonium salt, 10 to 20 mg / L of sodium nitroprusside and 0.5 to 1.5 g / L of calcium nitrate. And 1.0 to 5.0 mL / L of Tween-20 in percentage by volume. According to the method disclosed by the invention, particularly aiming at the pretreatment of the cut babysbreath with high openness, multiple and multi-dimensional protective nets are formed through physical (negative pressure forced penetration), chemical (8-HQS) synergistic penetration system (dual-channel water absorption technology), dynamic moisture regulation and control technology (chitosan quaternary ammonium salt and trehalose) and ethylene-NO-hormone synergistic multi-dimensional blocking senescence signals; the bottleneck of high-openness babysbreath preservation is broken through, and the service life of high-openness babysbreath commodities is prolonged from 5 days to 12 days or above.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of postharvest physiological regulation technology for cut flowers, specifically to a compound anti-aging pretreatment solution formula, industrial preparation method, and negative pressure osmosis application process for cut flowers of Gypsophila paniculata with an openness of ≥80%. This solution addresses the rapid degradation of Gypsophila paniculata during its peak bloom period caused by excessive transpiration water loss, blockage of lignified vessels, and explosive release of ethylene, thereby extending its ornamental lifespan during peak bloom. Background Technology

[0002] Baby's breath (Gypsophila apaniculata L.), originally named Conical Stone Flower, also known as Conical Silky Carnation, Conical Silky Carnation, Silky Carnation, June Snow, and Baby's Breath, is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the genus Gypsophila in the Caryophyllaceae family. It is also the only species in the genus Gypsophila used as a cut flower. Baby's breath is characterized by its small, sparse leaves, numerous slender flower stalks, abundant and fluffy flowers, small and pure white blossoms, and excellent clustered inflorescences that resemble countless stars, creating a rich three-dimensional effect and adding a touch of ethereal beauty to bouquets. It has become one of the most widely used filler flowers in the world and is also one of the top ten best-selling cut flowers globally, widely used in a wide variety of bouquets and floral arrangements.

[0003] However, the market often demands commercially viable cut baby's breath flowers with high inflorescence openness (≥80%). But high-openness baby's breath cut flowers face rapid physiological decline after harvest, mainly manifested in the following aspects: 1) Increased water imbalance: High-openness baby's breath cut flowers have dense flower stems (terminal branchlets less than 0.5mm in diameter) and numerous branches (9-10 terminal branchings). After the petals are fully open, the transpiration surface area increases by 200%-300% compared to the bud stage, and the stomatal density reaches its peak (approximately 120 stomata / mm²). 2The water loss rate is as high as 0.25 g / h·g FW (only 0.08 g / h·g FW during the bud stage). In addition, the lignification degree of its stem base reaches 60% to 75%, and the bacterial biofilm (mainly Pseudomonas) and phenolic oxidized colloidal substances lead to a vascular blockage rate of >80%, reducing the water absorption rate to 0.8 mL / h·stem (2.5 mL / h·stem during the bud stage). This easily causes the water balance (WB) value of baby's breath cut flowers to be often negative (< -0.3 g / g·d), and the petals will wilt and wrinkle within 2 to 3 hours. 2) Ethylene sensitivity surge: Ethylene release from high-opening baby's breath cut flowers reaches its peak. Ethylene accelerates the yellowing and wilting of the florets and causes the petals to fall off, resulting in irreversible decay. At this time, the activity of its ethylene synthase (ACS) rises to 12.8 nkat / g FW (compared to only 4.1 nkat / g FW during the bud stage), and the ethylene release reaches 0.8–1.2 μL / g·h (3–4 times that during the bud stage), triggering the accumulation of abscisic acid (ABA) in the petals (>120 ng / g FW) and accelerating the expression of senescence genes (such as SAG12). 3) Collapse of energy metabolism: The respiration intensity of high-opening baby's breath cut flowers reaches its peak (CO2 release 110–130 mg / kg·h), but the soluble sugar reserves in the petals are depleted (<3 mg / g FW), and insufficient ATP synthesis leads to loss of cell membrane stability. This nutritional imbalance manifests as flowers not being able to fully open or fading, affecting the ornamental quality. 4) Cell structure disintegration: The activity of cell wall hydrolytic enzymes (such as β-galactosidase) in highly open baby's breath cut flowers increases threefold, the content of MDA, a cell membrane peroxidation product, is >12 nmol / g FW (normal value <5 nmol / g FW), and the bending strength decreases by 65%. If highly open baby's breath cut flowers are not preserved, their vase life at room temperature is only 5-7 days, ultimately affecting the overall quality of the cut flowers.

[0004] Pretreatment Solution: Also known as Pulsing Solution, it is one of the preservatives for cut flowers. It is a chemical agent that regulates the physiological and biochemical metabolism of cut flowers, inhibits microbial growth, delays the ethylene effect, and improves water balance. These mechanisms aim to artificially regulate the aging process of cut flowers, reduce distribution losses, and improve distribution quality or ornamental quality. The first treatment of cut flowers is generally carried out within 24 hours of harvesting. This is done by growers between harvesting and selling, or by collectors after collecting flowers from growers and before transportation. It involves a short treatment combined with rehydration, and its effects can last until the consumer places the cut flowers in water. The main purpose is to reduce losses during storage and transportation, improve distribution quality, and extend vase life. Currently, Chinese patent CN1602689A discloses a pretreatment solution for cut flowers of the 'Baby's Breath' variety. Its core components include 8-hydroxyquinoline (0.4%–1.2%), citric acid (0.6%–1.8%), 6-benzylpurine (0.08%–0.24%), vitamin E (0.4%–1.2%), cis-propenyl phosphate (ethylene inhibitor), and polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (surfactant). While this patent can delay wilting, it relies solely on 8-HQ for antibacterial activity, failing to address the physical blockage caused by mucus. Furthermore, the cis-propenyl phosphate's ethylene inhibition is short-lived (<24 hours), unable to cover the peak decay period of highly open cut flowers. In addition, the high cost of 6-benzylpurine and the poor water solubility of vitamin E necessitate the use of glacial acetic acid for dissolution, making the process cumbersome and costly, thus limiting its industrial application. Furthermore, other conventional pretreatment solutions cannot overcome the blockage of lignified vessels; excessively high sucrose concentrations (10%) cause hypertonic damage, while low concentrations cannot meet energy requirements; silver nitrate-based ethylene inhibitors are contaminated with heavy metals and have difficulty penetrating lignified stems; STS (silver thiosulfate) easily causes petal burns; there is a lack of physical water retention methods targeting transpiration loss, and most techniques require treatment within 12 hours after harvest, but high-openness cut flowers decay faster (become ineffective after >2 hours), with a vase life of only 5-7 days. Therefore, traditional pretreatment solutions are mostly designed for the bud stage, and research on the preservation of high-openness baby's breath cut flowers is limited. There is a lack of composite anti-aging pretreatment solutions for baby's breath cut flowers with an openness of ≥80%. There is an urgent need for a dedicated pretreatment solution that synergistically regulates water transport, energy replenishment, and aging signals to solve the problem of rapid decay of baby's breath during full bloom due to a surge in transpiration loss, blockage of lignified vessels, and explosive release of ethylene. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a pre-treatment solution for anti-aging of high-openness baby's breath cut flowers based on the synergistic regulation of moisture, energy, and ethylene, along with its negative pressure osmosis treatment method. This pre-treatment method for baby's breath cut flowers utilizes a synergistic osmosis system (dual-pathway water absorption technology) combining physical (negative pressure forced osmosis) and chemical (8-HQS) methods, along with dynamic moisture regulation technology (chitosan quaternary ammonium salt + trehalose) and ethylene-NO-hormone synergistic multi-dimensional blocking of aging signals to form a multi-dimensional protective network. This overcomes the preservation bottleneck of high-openness baby's breath, extending its commercial shelf life from 5 days to over 12 days.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] This invention provides a pretreatment solution for anti-aging of high-openness baby's breath cut flowers based on the synergistic regulation of water, energy and ethylene. The pretreatment solution is characterized by being prepared by dissolving trehalose, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate (8-HQS), ammonium citrate, nano silver sol (AgNP), gibberellin, salicylic acid, chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (HACC), sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and Tween-20 in water in a certain proportion.

[0008] The amounts of each component in the pretreatment solution are as follows: by weight / volume percentage, the concentrations of the following components are: trehalose 20-30 g / L, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate (8-HQS) 300-400 mg / L, ammonium citrate 150-200 mg / L, nano silver sol (AgNP) 5-15 mg / L, gibberellin 15-25 mg / L, salicylic acid 25-50 mg / L, chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (HACC) 5-20 g / L, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) 10-20 mg / L, and calcium nitrate 0.5-1.5 g / L; and by volume percentage, Tween-20 1.0-5.0 mL / L.

[0009] Specifically, the amounts of each component in the pretreatment solution are as follows: trehalose 25 g / L, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate (8-HQS) 350 mg / L, ammonium citrate 180 mg / L, nano silver sol (AgNP) 10 mg / L, gibberellin 20 mg / L, salicylic acid 40 mg / L, chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (HACC) 10 g / L, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) 15 mg / L, and calcium nitrate 1.0 g / L; and Tween-20 2.0 mL / L by volume percentage.

[0010] This invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned pretreatment solution for cut flowers of baby's breath, characterized by the following steps (see the step-by-step preparation process flow). Figure 1 ):

[0011] Preparation of S1 base solution:

[0012] Add trehalose, ammonium citrate and Tween-20 to 600 mL of 40 °C deionized water and stir magnetically until completely dissolved (300 rpm, 15 min). After cooling to 30 °C, add calcium nitrate and homogenize using a vortex mixer (2000 rpm) for 5 min, stirring until completely dissolved.

[0013] S2 bioactive component dissolution:

[0014] Gibberellin and salicylic acid were added to 10 mL of 75% ethanol and stirred magnetically (50°C, 200 rpm) in the dark until completely dissolved. 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate (8-HQS) was dissolved in 10 mL of 10% ethanol solution (volume ratio) and sonicated (40 kHz, 10 min) to form a homogeneous suspension. Sodium nitroprusside was dissolved in 10 mL of 0.1% polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solution (4°C) in deionized water under dark conditions and stored in a brown glass bottle to prevent photodegradation.

[0015] S3 nanomaterial loading:

[0016] The nano-silver sol was pre-dispersed in 10 mL of 0.1% polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solution and ultrasonically treated (40 kHz, 200 W, 10 min) to form a uniform suspension; chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (HACC) was dissolved in 50 mL of 1% acetic acid and magnetically stirred until completely swollen (300 rpm, 40 °C, 30 min).

[0017] S4 Mixing and pH Adjustment:

[0018] The gibberellin and salicylic acid mixed ethanol solution obtained in step S2, the 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate ethanol suspension and sodium nitroprusside solution, and the nano silver sol suspension and chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (HACC) solution obtained in step S3 were sequentially added to the mixed base solution. The mixture was homogenized for 15 min in a vortex mixer (2000 rpm) under light-protected conditions, and thoroughly stirred until homogeneous. Citric acid solution (50% w / v) was added dropwise to adjust the pH to 4.0 ± 0.2.

[0019] S5 Volume Adjustment and Sterilization Storage:

[0020] Bring the volume to 1L, filter through a 0.22μm microporous membrane to remove impurities and undissolved particles; dispense into brown light-proof glass bottles, seal with nitrogen, and store for 30 days (at 4°C).

[0021] In another aspect, this invention also provides a complete process for the negative pressure osmosis treatment application of the above-mentioned pretreatment solution for anti-aging of cut flowers, including the following:

[0022] Phase 1: Harvesting and Pre-treatment

[0023] ① Harvesting criteria: Select flower branches with high openness (≥70±5%), free from mechanical damage, and harvest in the early morning when the temperature is low;

[0024] ②. Treatment window: Treat within 1 hour after harvest (decay rate accelerates during peak flowering);

[0025] ③. Stem base treatment: Make a 45° oblique cut underwater and remove the 10cm of leaves underwater to prevent air embolism;

[0026] Phase Two: Negative Pressure Osmosis Treatment

[0027] ①. Insert the flower branches vertically into the pretreatment solution of the negative pressure osmosis treatment equipment, with a solution depth of ≥15cm to ensure full contact;

[0028] ②. Equipment parameters: pretreatment solution temperature 5~8℃, vacuum degree -0.05MPa, treatment time 30min, accelerate solution absorption (solve the water absorption barrier of lignified vessels and force the solution to penetrate the lignified vessels);

[0029] Phase 3: Absorption at Normal Pressure

[0030] ①. After removal, do not rinse, directly transfer into a pretreatment solution with a concentration of 1 / 10 to 1 / 2, with a solution depth of 10 to 15 cm;

[0031] ②. Processing temperature: 5~10℃ cold storage environment;

[0032] ③. Processing time: 3.5–4 hours (until no more bubbles are produced at the incision site);

[0033] Phase Four: Storage and Vase Arrangement

[0034] ①. Humid storage conditions: 2~5℃, RH 90~95%, storage period 7 days;

[0035] ②. Vaseline maintenance: Transfer to diluted solution (pretreatment solution: water = 1:4), and enjoy at room temperature for 10-15 days.

[0036] Another aspect of the present invention provides a complete process for the negative pressure osmosis treatment of the above-mentioned pretreatment solution for anti-aging of cut baby's breath flowers, characterized by including a recovery process: immersing wilted cut baby's breath flowers in a pretreatment solution at 50±1℃ and pulse-treating for 10±1 seconds; immediately transferring them to a negative pressure osmosis treatment device and treating them for 5 to 10 minutes at a pretreatment solution temperature of 5 to 8℃ and a vacuum degree of -0.05 to -0.10 MPa; after removal, directly transferring them to a pretreatment solution with a concentration of 1 / 10 to 1 / 2 and equilibrating at 2 to 4℃ for 2 hours.

[0037] Preferably, in the pretreatment solution for cut flowers of *Gypsophila paniculata*, the nano-silver sol (AgNP) has an average particle size of 20±5 nm and is loaded with 0.1% (w / v) polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, molecular weight 10-40 kDa) dispersant; the chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (HACC) has a degree of deacetylation ≥90% and is pre-swollen in a 1% acetic acid solution. At a 1% acetic acid concentration and a pH ≈ 2.9, the chitosan quaternary ammonium salt can be protonated (RN). + (CH3)3→RN + (CH3)3H) disrupts the crystallization region, promotes molecular chain extension, and enhances solubility and the exposure rate of antibacterial active sites.

[0038] Preferably, in the entire process of the negative pressure osmosis treatment application method of the pretreatment liquid for anti-aging of cut flowers, the high degree of opening in harvesting and pretreatment refers to the judgment that the degree of opening of flowers is greater than or equal to 70±5%, based on the proportion of fully open flowers to the total number of flowers on a single stem (degree of opening = number of open florets / total number of florets × 100%). Generally, the total number of florets includes fully open, semi-open and unopened buds. Open florets refer to florets with fully unfolded corollas, and unopened buds refer to florets with tightly closed corollas that are green or white spherical with a diameter ≤2mm.

[0039] Preferably, the entire process of the negative pressure osmosis treatment method for the anti-aging pretreatment liquid of baby's breath cut flowers involves vertically fixing the baby's breath cut flowers in a negative pressure chamber, submerging the stems by ≥15cm in the pretreatment liquid, starting the vacuum pump to uniformly reduce the pressure to -0.06~-0.03MPa within 5min (-0.05MPa is preferred, >-0.07MPa will cause thin-walled cells to collapse), maintaining this pressure for 30min (temperature 5~8℃, temperature fluctuation controlled within ±1℃ (e.g. 7±0.5℃) to avoid ice crystal formation), and during the treatment, the dissolved oxygen probe adjusts the nitrogen gas flow rate in real time to maintain DO=9mg / L.

[0040] Preferably, the water quality requirements for the pretreatment solution for anti-aging of cut baby's breath flowers and its negative pressure osmosis treatment method are as follows: deionized water, distilled water, purified water, or RO membrane filtered water with a conductivity ≤50μS / cm. Tap water containing bleach is prohibited to prevent chloride ions from causing browning of the petals.

[0041] In the above formula, trehalose, a low-osmotic-pressure sugar source (0.15–0.25 MPa), replaces sucrose, avoiding hyperosmotic damage. Appropriate osmotic pressure helps maintain the water balance of cut flowers, preventing wilting due to excessive water loss and maintaining a good appearance. Trehalose also provides a substrate for mitochondrial respiration, being hydrolyzed into two glucose molecules by trehalase, providing sustained energy. The hydrolysis rate is 50% slower than sucrose, preventing respiratory bursts. 8-Hydroxyquinoline sulfate (8-HQS) is a widely used broad-spectrum bactericide and physiological regulator in cut flower preservation. By disrupting the integrity of microbial cell membranes and interfering with enzyme activity, it significantly reduces the number of bacteria and fungi in the vase solution, maintains the patency of xylem vessels, and promotes water absorption by the flower stems (low pH enhances cell membrane permeability). Compared to 8-HQC, it significantly improves the water balance of cut flowers. Its sulfate groups enhance water solubility and improve the killing efficiency against Gram-negative bacteria (such as Erwinia). Ammonium citrate combines the chelating and antibacterial properties of citric acid with the nutritional and metabolic regulatory functions of ammonium ions. The citrate ion strongly chelates Fe... 2+ / Mg 2+ It deprives microorganisms of essential cofactors and inhibits respiratory chain enzymes (such as cytochrome oxidase). Compared to citric acid, it provides an additional readily available nitrogen source (NH4+). + ), NH4 + As a highly efficient nitrogen source, NH4 + Amino acids are rapidly synthesized via the glutamine synthase (GS) pathway to compensate for the nitrogen deficiency after cut flowers detach from the parent plant. Nano-silver sol (AgNP) releases Ag... + It disrupts the integrity of microbial cell membranes, interferes with respiratory chain enzyme activity, and causes DNA damage. It exhibits a 99% inhibition rate against common cut flower pathogens (such as *Botrytis cinerea* and *Erwinia*) and reduces the total bacterial count in vase sap by 98%. Furthermore, AgNP's toxicity is only 1 / 10 that of silver nitrate, leaving no environmental residue. Additionally, nano-silver blocks ethylene synthesis and signaling pathways, chelating key cofactors in ethylene synthesis (such as Fe)... 2+Gibberellin is a plant growth regulator that promotes protein synthesis, inhibits protease activity, reduces soluble protein degradation, and enhances cell water absorption efficiency by inducing aquaporin gene expression. It also reduces ethylene release and delays petal wilting and abscission by downregulating the expression of key ethylene synthesis genes (such as ACO and ACS). It synergistically delays microbial blockage and physiological decline with 8-HQS. Salicylic acid is also a plant growth regulator that inhibits the activity of the key ethylene synthesis enzyme ACS (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase), blocks senescence signal transduction, and scavenge reactive oxygen species. Quaternary ammonium chitosan (QACS) is a water-soluble derivative of chitosan obtained through chemical modification. The introduction of quaternary ammonium groups significantly enhances its antibacterial, film-forming, and physiological regulatory functions. The quaternary ammonium group (-N) in QACS... + (CH3)3) Disrupts the integrity of microbial cell membranes, exhibiting an inhibition rate >95% against bacteria (such as Erwinia) and fungi (such as Botrytis cinerea). Its positive charge density is higher than that of ordinary chitosan, enabling it to more effectively adsorb negatively charged pathogens, leading to intracellular leakage. QACS reduces the surface tension of vase solutions, increasing water absorption by flower stems. It forms a transparent film on the petal surface, sealing some stomata and reducing transpiration rates. Sodium nitroprusside, as a nitric oxide (NO) donor, releases NO, inhibiting ACC synthase and ACC oxidase activity, blocking ethylene signal transduction, reducing petal drop, and simultaneously scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) content, maintaining cell membrane integrity, and inhibiting programmed cell death in petals. Calcium nitrate replaces calcium chloride, avoiding chloride ion toxicity while enhancing the cross-linking stability of petal cell walls, improving the mechanical strength of flower branches, and reducing transport damage. Tween-20 is a surfactant that reduces surface tension, promotes solution absorption, and enhances the penetration of active ingredients.

[0042] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0043] (1) Based on the changes in the postharvest physiological characteristics of baby's breath cut flowers, this invention pioneers a physical (negative pressure forced osmosis)-chemical (8-HQS) synergistic osmosis system (dual-pathway water absorption technology) and dynamic moisture regulation technology (chitosan quaternary ammonium salt + trehalose), forming a triple innovation. This breakthrough overcomes the bottleneck of high-openness baby's breath preservation. The technical features are significantly different from those of patents such as CN1602689A in three dimensions: negative pressure osmosis process, application of nano-water-retaining membrane, and precise inhibition of ACS enzymes. It has outstanding novelty and industrialization value.

[0044] (2) In the dynamic moisture control system of this invention, external physical water retention: chitosan quaternary ammonium salt locks in water externally, achieving selective moisture permeability and reducing transpiration (petal contact angle > 110°); internal osmotic regulation: trehalose maintains cell osmotic pressure homeostasis internally (petal turgor pressure ≥ 0.15 MPa), and trehalose replaces sucrose to avoid hyperosmosis leading to plasmolysis of petal cells (open flower osmotic sensitivity ↑ 40%); central vascular unblocking: 8-HQS replaces 8-HQC, enhancing bactericidal permeability in lignified vascular bundles. In addition, negative pressure osmosis relieves lignification blockage. This triple multi-dimensional dynamic moisture control technology solves the imbalance problem of water loss and water absorption in highly open baby's breath cut flowers.

[0045] (3) This invention uses ethylene-NO-hormone synergistic multidimensional blocking of aging signals, nano-silver to target and inhibit ethylene synthesis, SNP to release NO to antagonize ethylene signals, and GA3 and salicylic acid to delay the expression of aging genes, forming a multi-layered protective network. This extends the commercial life of high-openness baby's breath from 5 days to more than 12 days, meeting the demand of the high-end gift flower market and reducing post-harvest losses by more than 35%.

[0046] (4) This invention, through precise physiological regulation and green material innovation, abandons silver nitrate and adopts biodegradable nanomaterials (AgNP, HACC), which have no residual toxicity and comply with relevant laws and regulations on green safety and environmental protection. Attached Figure Description

[0047] Figure 1 Flowchart of pretreatment solution preparation process;

[0048] Figure 2 Flowchart of pretreatment solution;

[0049] Figure 3 Comparison of flower branch conditions after negative pressure osmosis pretreatment between the treatment group and the control group;

[0050] Figure 4 Comparison of vase life between the treatment group and the control group;

[0051] Figure 5 Phenotypic diagram of cut flowers used in the present invention in vase arrangement. Detailed Implementation

[0052] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0053] Example 1 (Immediate Post-Harvest Processing)

[0054] The formula and dosage of a 1L pretreatment solution are as follows: trehalose 25g, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate (8-HQS) 350mg, ammonium citrate 180mg, nano silver sol (AgNP) 10mg, gibberellin 20mg, salicylic acid 40mg, chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (HACC) 10g, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) 15mg, calcium nitrate 1.0g, and Tween-20 2.0mL.

[0055] Prepare it according to the following steps:

[0056] Preparation of S1 base solution:

[0057] Add trehalose, ammonium citrate and Tween-20 to 600 mL of 40 °C deionized water and stir magnetically until completely dissolved (300 rpm, 15 min). After cooling to 30 °C, add calcium nitrate and homogenize using a vortex mixer (2000 rpm) for 5 min, stirring until completely dissolved.

[0058] S2 bioactive component dissolution:

[0059] Gibberellin and salicylic acid were added to 10 mL of 75% ethanol and stirred magnetically (50°C, 200 rpm) in the dark until completely dissolved. 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate (8-HQS) was dissolved in 10 mL of 10% ethanol solution (volume ratio) and sonicated (40 kHz, 10 min) to form a homogeneous suspension. Sodium nitroprusside was dissolved in 10 mL of 0.1% polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solution (4°C) in deionized water under dark conditions and stored in a brown glass bottle to prevent photodegradation.

[0060] S3 nanomaterial loading:

[0061] The nano-silver sol was pre-dispersed in 10 mL of 0.1% polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solution and ultrasonically treated (40 kHz, 200 W, 10 min) to form a uniform suspension; chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (HACC) was dissolved in 50 mL of 1% acetic acid and magnetically stirred until completely swollen (300 rpm, 40 °C, 30 min).

[0062] S4 Mixing and pH Adjustment:

[0063] The gibberellin and salicylic acid mixed ethanol solution obtained in step S2, the 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate ethanol suspension and sodium nitroprusside solution, and the nano silver sol suspension and chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (HACC) solution obtained in step S3 were sequentially added to the mixed base solution. The mixture was homogenized for 15 min in a vortex mixer (2000 rpm) under light-protected conditions, and thoroughly stirred until homogeneous. Citric acid solution (50% w / v) was added dropwise to adjust the pH to 4.0 ± 0.2.

[0064] S5 Volume Adjustment and Sterilization Storage:

[0065] Bring the volume to 1L, filter through a 0.22μm microporous membrane to remove impurities and undissolved particles; dispense into brown light-proof glass bottles, seal with nitrogen, and store for 30 days (at 4°C).

[0066] Select baby's breath 'Iros' with branches approximately 80 cm long and flowers that are about 85% open. After harvesting for 30 minutes, process the stems by making a 45° angled cut at the base with sharp scissors. Remove the bottom third of the leaves, side branches, and damaged flowers, retaining the most intact and well-developed flowers and a suitable amount of leaves at the top. Trim the stems neatly according to their length and thickness, ensuring the inflorescences face upwards and are uniformly arranged. Then, simply tie the base of the baby's breath stems and trim them evenly. Divide the plant into two groups with three replicates. One group serves as the control group. A pretreatment solution for cut baby's breath flowers, disclosed in CN1602689A, is used, consisting of 0.8% 8-hydroxyquinoline, 1.2% citric acid, 0.16% 6-benzylpurine, and vitamin E. 0.8% cis-propylene phosphoric acid and 0.1% polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (by volume percentage) were used as the control group, while the other group used this pretreatment solution as the treatment group. The flower branches were immediately vertically inserted into the pretreatment solution of each test group in the negative pressure permeation treatment equipment, with a liquid depth ≥15cm to ensure full contact. The pretreatment solution temperature was 5-8℃, the vacuum degree was -0.05MPa, and the treatment time was 30min. After that, the branches were removed without rinsing and directly transferred to a 1 / 5 concentration pretreatment solution, with a liquid depth of 15cm. The treatment was carried out in a cold storage environment of 5-10℃ for 3.5-4h before storage and vase treatment.

[0067] Application effect:

[0068] index Processing group (this invention) Control group (CN1602689A) Improvement rate Pre-treatment of flower branches weight gain rate 23.3±2.3％ 13.7±2.1％ ↑70.1％ Moisture balance value (g / g·d) +0.07±0.05 －0.12±0.08 Positive maintenance Ethylene peak value (μL / g·h) 0.28±0.14 0.75±0.21 ↓75.0％ Flower stem fresh weight loss rate (5 days) 18.7±1.8％ 36.5±3.8％ ↓48.8％ Flower withering rate (5 days) 5.2±0.8％ 22.4±2.1％ ↓76.8％ Maximum flower diameter retention rate (5 days) 88.2±2.6％ 69.4±4.2％ ↑27.1％ Bottle life (25℃) 13.6 ± 1.5 days 9.5 ± 1.2 days ↑43.2％ Days of maintaining viewing quality ≥10 days ≤7 days

[0069] Note: The test variety was 'Ilos', harvested at 85% openness, treated 30 minutes after harvest, 2 groups with 3 replicates, 20 branches / replica.

[0070] After treatment with the pretreatment solution of this invention (control group), the weight gain rate of the "Ilos" variety of baby's breath cut flowers (70.1% higher than patent CN1602689A) and the water balance value (positive value indicates positive water absorption maintenance) were both higher than the control group (CN1602689A). Simultaneously, it reduced ethylene hormones that affect senescence (75.0% lower than patent CN1602689A). Furthermore, during the vase life of the baby's breath cut flowers, all indicators showed significant differences compared to the control group (CN1602689A). Compared to the control group, the fresh weight loss rate and withered flower rate were reduced by 48.8% and 76.8%, respectively, the maximum flower diameter retention rate increased by 27.1%, and the vase life was extended by 43.2% (approximately 4.1 days longer than patent CN1602689A), maintaining commercial-grade ornamental quality for ≥10 days.

[0071] Example 2 (Immediate Post-Harvest Processing)

[0072] The formula and dosage of a 1L pretreatment solution are as follows: trehalose 20g, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate (8-HQS) 400mg, ammonium citrate 200mg, nano silver sol (AgNP) 15mg, gibberellin 25mg, salicylic acid 50mg, chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (HACC) 20g, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) 20mg, calcium nitrate 1.5g, and Tween-20 5.0mL.

[0073] The preparation steps and processing methods are the same as in Example 1.

[0074] Application effect:

[0075]

[0076]

[0077] Note: The test variety was 'Ilos', harvested at 95% openness, treated 30 minutes after harvest, 2 groups with 3 replicates, 20 branches / replica.

[0078] After treatment with the pretreatment solution of this invention (control group), the weight gain rate of the "Ilos" variety of baby's breath cut flowers (64.1% higher than patent CN1602689A) and the water balance value (positive value indicates positive water absorption maintenance) were both higher than the control group (CN1602689A). Simultaneously, it reduced ethylene hormones that affect senescence (56.8% lower than patent CN1602689A). Furthermore, during the vase life of the baby's breath cut flowers, all indicators showed significant differences compared to the control group (CN1602689A). Compared to the control group, the fresh weight loss rate and withered flower rate were reduced by 51.5% and 72.8%, respectively, the maximum flower diameter retention rate increased by 30.8%, and the vase life was extended by 37.5% (approximately 3.3 days longer than patent CN1602689A), maintaining commercial-grade ornamental quality for ≥9 days.

[0079] Example 3 (Immediate Post-Harvest Processing)

[0080] The formula and dosage of a 1L pretreatment solution are as follows: trehalose 20g, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate (8-HQS) 300mg, ammonium citrate 150mg, nano silver sol (AgNP) 5mg, gibberellin 15mg, salicylic acid 25mg, chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (HACC) 5g, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) 10mg, calcium nitrate 0.5g, and Tween-20 1.0mL.

[0081] The preparation steps and processing methods are the same as in Example 1.

[0082] Application effect:

[0083]

[0084]

[0085] Note: The test variety was 'Yunxing 16', with a harvest opening rate of 90%. The treatment was performed 30 minutes after harvest. There were 2 groups with 3 replicates and 20 branches per replicate.

[0086] After treatment with the pretreatment solution of this invention (control group), the weight gain rate of the pretreated flower branches of the "Yunxing 16" variety of baby's breath cut flowers (78.4% higher than that of patent CN1602689A) and the water balance value (a positive value indicates positive water absorption maintenance) were both higher than those of the control group (CN1602689A). At the same time, it reduced the ethylene hormone that affects senescence (50.6% lower than that of patent CN1602689A). In addition, during the vase life of the baby's breath cut flowers, all indicators were significantly different from those of the control group (CN1602689A). Compared with the control group, the fresh weight loss rate and withered flower rate of flower branches were reduced by 41.9% and 66.2% respectively, the maximum flower diameter retention rate was increased by 26.6%, and the vase life was extended by 45.9% (about 3.9 days longer than that of patent CN1602689A). The commercial-grade ornamental quality was maintained for ≥10 days.

[0087] Example 4 (Immediate Post-Harvest Processing)

[0088] The formula and dosage of a 1L pretreatment solution are as follows: trehalose 30g, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate (8-HQS) 350mg, ammonium citrate 200mg, nano silver sol (AgNP) 15mg, gibberellin 20mg, salicylic acid 30mg, chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (HACC) 10g, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) 20mg, calcium nitrate 1.5g, and Tween-20 4.0mL.

[0089] The preparation steps and processing methods are the same as in Example 1.

[0090] Application effect:

[0091] index Processing group (this invention) Control group (CN1602689A) Improvement rate Pre-treatment of flower branches weight gain rate 24.4±2.8％ 14.8±3.7％ ↑64.9％ Moisture balance value (g / g·d) +0.11±0.07 －0.18±0.11 Positive maintenance Ethylene peak value (μL / g·h) 0.41±0.06 0.71±0.13 ↓42.3％ Flower stem fresh weight loss rate (5 days) 26.7±1.8％ 39.5±2.8％ ↓32.4％ Flower withering rate (5 days) 15.1±2.3％ 33.7±1.6％ ↓55.2％ Maximum flower diameter retention rate (5 days) 78.2±3.2％ 61.3±3.7％ ↑27.6％ Bottle life (25℃) 13.1 ± 1.6 days 8.8 ± 0.3 days ↑48.9％ Days of maintaining viewing quality ≥10 days ≤6 days

[0092] Note: The test variety was 'Yunxing 23', with a harvest opening rate of 90%. The treatment was performed 45 minutes after harvest, with 2 groups of 3 replicates and 20 branches per replicate.

[0093] After treatment with the pretreatment solution of this invention (control group), the weight gain rate of the pretreated flower branches of the "Yunxing 23" variety of baby's breath cut flowers (64.9% higher than that of patent CN1602689A) and the water balance value (a positive value indicates positive water absorption maintenance) were both higher than those of the control group (CN1602689A). At the same time, it reduced the ethylene hormone that affects senescence (42.3% lower than that of patent CN1602689A). In addition, during the vase life of the baby's breath cut flowers, all indicators were significantly different from those of the control group (CN1602689A). Compared with the control group, the fresh weight loss rate and withered flower rate of flower branches were reduced by 32.4% and 55.2% respectively, the maximum flower diameter retention rate was increased by 27.6%, and the vase life was extended by 48.9% (about 3.9 days longer than that of patent CN1602689A). The commercial-grade ornamental quality was maintained for ≥10 days.

[0094] Example 5 (Delayed Processing Remedy)

[0095] The formula and dosage of a 1L pretreatment solution are as follows: trehalose 20g, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate (8-HQS) 300mg, ammonium citrate 150mg, nano silver sol (AgNP) 5mg, gibberellin 15mg, salicylic acid 50mg, chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (HACC) 10g, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) 20mg, calcium nitrate 1.5g, and Tween-20 5.0mL.

[0096] The preparation steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0097] Select baby's breath 'Iros' with branches approximately 80 cm long and flowers that are about 85% open. Three hours after harvesting (when slightly wilted), use sharp scissors to make a 45° angled cut at the base of the stem. Remove the bottom third of the leaves, side branches, and damaged flowers, retaining the relatively intact and well-developed flowers at the top and a suitable amount of leaves. Trim neatly according to the length and thickness of the flower stems, ensuring the inflorescences face upwards and are uniformly arranged. Then, simply tie and trim the base of the baby's breath flower stems. Divide into 2 groups with 3 replicates. One group serves as a control group. A pretreatment solution for cut baby's breath flowers, disclosed in CN1602689A, is used, consisting of 0.8% 8-hydroxyquinoline, 1.2% citric acid, 0.16% 6-benzylpurine, and vitamin E. 0.8% and 0.1% cis-propylene phosphoric acid, with a polyoxyethylene lauryl ether concentration of 0.3% by volume, were used as the control group, while the other group used this pretreatment solution as the treatment group. Immediately, the stem bases of the baby's breath were immersed in the pretreatment solution of each test group at 50℃ for 10 seconds. Then, the flower branches were vertically inserted into the pretreatment solution of each test group in the negative pressure permeation treatment equipment, with a liquid depth ≥15cm to ensure full contact. The pretreatment solution temperature was 5-8℃, the vacuum degree was -0.05MPa, and the treatment time was 30min. After that, the stems were removed without rinsing and directly transferred to a 1 / 10 concentration pretreatment solution, with a liquid depth of 15cm. The treatment was carried out in a cold storage environment at 5-10℃ for 3.5-4h before storage and vase treatment.

[0098] Application effect:

[0099] index Processing group (this invention) Control group (CN1602689A) Improvement rate atrophy recovery rate 92.3±1.2％ 68.5±3.8％ ↑34.7％ Pre-treatment of flower branches weight gain rate 20.4±2.2％ 12.8±2.8％ ↑59.4％ Moisture balance value (g / g·d) +0.05±0.03 －0.38±0.11 Positive maintenance Ethylene peak value (μL / g·h) 0.48±0.11 0.97±0.15 ↓50.5％ Flower stem fresh weight loss rate (5 days) 30.3±1.7％ 45.8±2.8％ ↓31.8％ Flower withering rate (5 days) 21.3±2.5％ 39.3±2.6％ ↓45.8％ Maximum flower diameter retention rate (5 days) 74.1±3.1％ 60.2±2.9％ ↑23.1％ Bottle life (25℃) 11.5 ± 1.6 days 8.8 ± 1.7 days ↑30.7％ Days of maintaining viewing quality ≥9 days ≤6 days

[0100] Note: The test variety was 'Ilos', harvested at 90% openness, treated 3 hours after harvest, 2 groups with 3 replicates, 20 branches / replica.

[0101] After treatment with the pretreatment solution of this invention (control group), the wilting recovery rate of the "Ilos" variety of baby's breath cut flowers (reaching 92.3%, an increase of 34.7% compared to patent CN1602689A), the weight gain rate of pretreated flower branches (an increase of 59.4% compared to patent CN1602689A), and the water balance value (a positive value indicates positive water absorption maintenance) were all higher than those of the control group (CN1602689A). Simultaneously, it reduced the ethylene hormone that affects senescence (a decrease of 50.5% compared to patent CN1602689A). Furthermore, during the vase arrangement of baby's breath cut flowers, all indicators showed significant differences compared to the control group (CN1602689A). Compared to the control group, the fresh weight loss rate of flower branches and the withered flower rate decreased by 31.8% and 45.8%, respectively, the maximum flower diameter retention rate increased by 23.1%, and the vase life was extended by 30.7% (approximately 2.7 days longer than patent CN1602689A), maintaining commercial-grade ornamental quality for ≥9 days.

[0102] Example 6 (Delayed Processing Remedy)

[0103] The formula and dosage of a 1L pretreatment solution are as follows: trehalose 30g, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate (8-HQS) 400mg, ammonium citrate 200mg, nano silver sol (AgNP) 15mg, gibberellin 25mg, salicylic acid 50mg, chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (HACC) 20g, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) 20mg, calcium nitrate 1.5g, and Tween-20 5.0mL.

[0104] The preparation steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0105] Select baby's breath 'Iros' with branches approximately 80 cm long and flowers that are about 95% open. Six hours after harvesting (when moderately wilted), use sharp scissors to make a 45° angled cut at the base of the stem, removing the bottom third of the leaves, side branches, and damaged flowers, retaining the more intact and well-developed flowers at the top and a suitable amount of leaves. Trim the stems neatly according to their length and thickness, ensuring the inflorescences face upwards and are uniformly arranged. Then, simply tie the base of the baby's breath stems and trim them evenly. Divide the plant into two groups with three replicates. One group serves as a control group. A pretreatment solution for cut baby's breath flowers, disclosed in CN1602689A, is used, consisting of 0.8% 8-hydroxyquinoline, 1.2% citric acid, 0.16% 6-benzylpurine, and vitamin E. 0.8% and 0.1% cis-propylene phosphoric acid, with a polyoxyethylene lauryl ether concentration of 0.3% by volume, were used as the control group, while the other group used this pretreatment solution as the treatment group. Immediately, the stem bases of the baby's breath were immersed in the pretreatment solution of each test group at 50℃ for 10 seconds. Then, the flower branches were vertically inserted into the pretreatment solution of each test group in the negative pressure permeation treatment equipment, with a liquid depth ≥15cm to ensure full contact. The pretreatment solution temperature was 5-8℃, the vacuum degree was -0.05MPa, and the treatment time was 30min. After that, the stems were removed without rinsing and directly transferred to a 1 / 10 concentration pretreatment solution, with a liquid depth of 15cm. The treatment was carried out in a cold storage environment at 5-10℃ for 3.5-4h before storage and vase treatment.

[0106] Application effect:

[0107]

[0108]

[0109] Note: The test variety was 'Ilos', with a harvest opening degree of 95%. Treatment was performed 6 hours after harvest, with 2 groups of 3 replicates and 20 branches per replicate.

[0110] After treatment with the pretreatment solution of this invention (control group), the wilting recovery rate of the "Ilos" variety of baby's breath cut flowers (reaching 91.8%, an increase of 30.6% compared to patent CN1602689A), the weight gain rate of pretreated flower branches (an increase of 50.9% compared to patent CN1602689A), and the water balance value (a positive value indicates positive water absorption maintenance) were all higher than those of the control group (CN1602689A). Simultaneously, it reduced the ethylene hormone that affects senescence (a decrease of 48.4% compared to patent CN1602689A). Furthermore, during the vase arrangement of baby's breath cut flowers, all indicators showed significant differences compared to the control group (CN1602689A). Compared to the control group, the fresh weight loss rate of flower branches and the withered flower rate decreased by 33.3% and 35.9%, respectively, the maximum flower diameter retention rate increased by 32.5.1%, and the vase life was extended by 28.7% (approximately 2.7 days longer than patent CN1602689A), maintaining commercial-grade ornamental quality for ≥9 days.

[0111] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pretreatment solution for anti-aging of high-openness baby's breath cut flowers based on the synergistic regulation of moisture, energy, and ethylene, and its negative pressure osmosis treatment method, characterized in that: The pretreatment solution was prepared by dissolving trehalose, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate (8-HQS), ammonium citrate, nano silver sol (AgNP), gibberellin, salicylic acid, chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (HACC), sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and Tween-20 in water in a specific ratio.

2. The pretreatment solution for anti-aging of high-openness baby's breath cut flowers based on the synergistic regulation of water, energy, and ethylene as described in claim 1, is characterized in that: The amounts of each component in the pretreatment solution are as follows: by weight / volume percentage, the concentrations of the following components are: trehalose 20-30 g / L, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate (8-HQS) 300-400 mg / L, ammonium citrate 150-200 mg / L, nano silver sol (AgNP) 5-15 mg / L, gibberellin 15-25 mg / L, salicylic acid 25-50 mg / L, chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (HACC) 5-20 g / L, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) 10-20 mg / L, and calcium nitrate 0.5-1.5 g / L; and by volume percentage, Tween-20 1.0-5.0 mL / L.

3. The pretreatment solution for anti-aging of high-openness baby's breath cut flowers based on the synergistic regulation of water, energy, and ethylene, as described in claim 1 / 2, is characterized in that: The amounts of each component in the pretreatment solution are as follows: trehalose 25 g / L, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate (8-HQS) 350 mg / L, ammonium citrate 180 mg / L, nano silver sol (AgNP) 10 mg / L, gibberellin 20 mg / L, salicylic acid 40 mg / L, chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (HACC) 10 g / L, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) 15 mg / L, and calcium nitrate 1.0 g / L; and Tween-20 2.0 mL / L by volume percentage.

4. The preparation method of the pretreatment solution for anti-aging of high-openness baby's breath cut flowers based on the synergistic regulation of water-energy-ethylene as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Prepare according to the following steps (step-by-step preparation process): Preparation of S1 base solution: Add trehalose, ammonium citrate and Tween-20 to 600 mL of 40 °C deionized water and stir magnetically until completely dissolved (300 rpm, 15 min). After cooling to 30 °C, add calcium nitrate and homogenize using a vortex mixer (2000 rpm) for 5 min, stirring until completely dissolved. S2 bioactive component dissolution: Gibberellin and salicylic acid were added to 10 mL of 75% ethanol and stirred magnetically (50°C, 200 rpm) in the dark until completely dissolved. 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate (8-HQS) was dissolved in 10 mL of 10% ethanol solution (volume ratio) and sonicated (40 kHz, 10 min) to form a homogeneous suspension. Sodium nitroprusside was dissolved in 10 mL of 0.1% polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solution (4°C) in deionized water under dark conditions and stored in a brown glass bottle to prevent photodegradation. S3 nanomaterial loading: The nano-silver sol was pre-dispersed in 10 mL of 0.1% polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solution and ultrasonically treated (40 kHz, 200 W, 10 min) to form a uniform suspension; chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (HACC) was dissolved in 50 mL of 1% acetic acid and magnetically stirred until completely swollen (300 rpm, 40 °C, 30 min). S4 Mixing and pH Adjustment: The gibberellin and salicylic acid mixed ethanol solution obtained in step S2, the 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate ethanol suspension and sodium nitroprusside solution, and the nano silver sol suspension and chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (HACC) solution obtained in step S3 were sequentially added to the mixed base solution. The mixture was homogenized for 15 min in a vortex mixer (2000 rpm) under light-protected conditions, and thoroughly stirred until homogeneous. Citric acid solution (50% w / v) was added dropwise to adjust the pH to 4.0 ± 0.

2. S5 Volume Adjustment and Sterilization Storage: Bring the volume to 1L, filter through a 0.22μm microporous membrane to remove impurities and undissolved particles; dispense into brown light-proof glass bottles, seal with nitrogen, and store for 30 days (at 4°C).

5. The complete process of the negative pressure osmosis treatment application method for a high-openness baby's breath cut flower anti-aging pretreatment solution based on the synergistic regulation of moisture-energy-ethylene, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... Including the following: Phase 1: Harvesting and Pre-treatment ① Harvesting criteria: Select flower branches with high openness (≥70±5%), free from mechanical damage, and harvest in the early morning when the temperature is low; ②. Treatment window: Treat within 1 hour after harvest (decay rate accelerates during peak flowering); ③. Stem base treatment: Make a 45° oblique cut underwater and remove the 10cm of leaves underwater to prevent air embolism; Phase Two: Negative Pressure Osmosis Treatment ①. Insert the flower branches vertically into the pretreatment solution of the negative pressure osmosis treatment equipment, with a solution depth of ≥15cm to ensure full contact; ②. Equipment parameters: pretreatment solution temperature 5~8℃, vacuum degree -0.05MPa, treatment time 30min, accelerate solution absorption (solve the water absorption barrier of lignified vessels and force the solution to penetrate the lignified vessels); Phase Three: Absorption at Normal Pressure ①. After removal, do not rinse, directly transfer into a pretreatment solution with a concentration of 1 / 10 to 1 / 2, with a solution depth of 10 to 15 cm; ②. Processing temperature: 5~10℃ cold storage environment; ③. Processing time: 3.5–4 hours (until no more bubbles are produced at the incision site); Phase Four: Storage and Vase Arrangement ①. Humid storage conditions: 2~5℃, RH 90~95%, storage period 7 days; ②. Vaseline maintenance: Transfer to diluted solution (pretreatment solution: water = 1:4), and enjoy at room temperature for 10-15 days.

6. The complete process of the negative pressure osmosis treatment application method for high-openness baby's breath cut flower anti-aging pretreatment liquid based on water-energy-ethylene synergistic regulation as described in claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a recovery process: immerse wilted baby's breath cut flowers in a pretreatment solution at 50±1℃ and pulse them for 10±1 seconds; immediately transfer them to a negative pressure permeation treatment device and treat them for 5 to 10 minutes at a pretreatment solution temperature of 5~8℃ and a vacuum degree of -0.05~-0.10MPa; after removal, directly transfer them to a pretreatment solution with a concentration of 1 / 10 to 1 / 2 and equilibrate them at 2~4℃ for 2 hours.

7. The pretreatment solution for anti-aging of high-openness baby's breath cut flowers based on the synergistic regulation of water, energy, and ethylene, as described in claims 1 to 4, is characterized in that: Among the components of the pretreatment solution for cut flowers of *Gypsophila paniculata*, the nano-silver sol (AgNP) has an average particle size of 20±5 nm and is loaded with 0.1% (w / v) polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, molecular weight 10-40 kDa) dispersant; the chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (HACC) has a degree of deacetylation ≥90% and is pre-swollen in a 1% acetic acid solution. At a 1% acetic acid concentration and a pH ≈ 2.9, the chitosan quaternary ammonium salt can be protonated (RN). + (CH3)3→RN + (CH3)3H) disrupts the crystallization region, promotes molecular chain extension, and enhances solubility and the exposure rate of antibacterial active sites.

8. The entire process of applying a preservative pretreatment solution to promote the flowering quality of low-opening baby's breath cut flowers according to claim 1 / 5, characterized in that: The entire process of the negative pressure osmosis treatment application method of the pretreatment liquid for anti-aging of cut flowers of baby's breath, the high degree of opening in harvesting and pretreatment refers to the judgment of the degree of opening of flowers greater than or equal to 70±5%, based on the proportion of fully open flowers to the total number of flowers on a single stem (openness = number of open florets / total number of florets × 100%). Generally, the total number of florets includes fully open, semi-open and unopened buds. Open florets refer to florets with fully unfolded corollas, and unopened buds refer to florets with tightly closed corollas that are green or white spherical with a diameter ≤2mm.

9. The entire process of applying a preservative pretreatment solution to promote the flowering quality of low-opening baby's breath cut flowers according to claim 1 / 5, characterized in that: The complete process of the negative pressure osmosis treatment method for the anti-aging pretreatment solution of baby's breath cut flowers is as follows: The negative pressure osmosis treatment involves vertically fixing the baby's breath cut flowers in a negative pressure chamber, with the pretreatment solution submerging the stems by ≥15cm, starting the vacuum pump to uniformly reduce the pressure to -0.06~-0.03MPa within 5min (-0.05MPa is preferred, >-0.07MPa will cause thin-walled cells to collapse), maintaining it for 30min (temperature 5~8℃, temperature fluctuation controlled within ±1℃ (e.g. 7±0.5℃) to avoid ice crystal formation), and during the treatment, the dissolved oxygen probe adjusts the nitrogen gas flow rate in real time to maintain DO=9mg / L.

10. The pretreatment solution for anti-aging of high-openness baby's breath cut flowers based on the synergistic regulation of moisture-energy-ethylene and its negative pressure osmosis treatment method according to claims 1-5, characterized in that: The water quality requirements state that deionized water, distilled water, purified water, or RO membrane filtered water must be used, with a conductivity ≤50μS / cm. Tap water containing bleach is prohibited to prevent chloride ions from causing browning of the petals.

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