Method for increasing chemical reaction rate

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of reaction rate increasing, and particularly relates to a chemical reaction rate increasing method. The invention provides a chemical reaction rate increasing method which comprises the following steps: placing a substance to be reacted in a central reaction area, and utilizing implosion of a shock wave source to enable the central reaction area to generate ultrahigh pressure and ultrahigh temperature so as to increase the chemical reaction rate, the pressure of the ultrahigh pressure is more than 1 GPa, and the temperature of the ultrahigh temperature is more than 3000 DEG C. According to the invention, an implosion mode is utilized to constrain the central area, increase the pressure and temperature of the central reaction area, increase the pressure of the central reaction area to more than 1GPa and the temperature of more than 3000 DEG C to form an ultra-high-temperature and ultra-high-pressure environment, so that the chemical reaction rate can be increased by 2-3 orders of magnitude (100-1000 times).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of reaction rate enhancement technology, and specifically relates to a method for enhancing the rate of chemical reactions. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, methods to increase chemical reaction rates mainly include catalysis and pressurization / heating. Using catalysis to increase chemical reaction rates has limitations, including long catalyst selection and development cycles and limited rate increases. Pressurization / heating methods typically use high-temperature, high-pressure reactors. These reactors use pressure pumps to pressurize a sealed container and resistance wires to heat the substances inside. However, the pressure generated is limited by the pressurization equipment and the pressure resistance of the sealed container, reaching only tens of megapascals and temperatures only a few hundred degrees Celsius. Shock tubes can also be used for pressurization / heating, utilizing shock waves generated by gas detonation propagating within the tube. These shock waves can reach pressures of tens of megapascals and temperatures of approximately one thousand degrees Celsius. However, these methods, limited by equipment, cannot create ultra-high pressure (GPa level) and ultra-high temperature (3000℃) environments, thus limiting their effectiveness in increasing reaction rates. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to provide a method for increasing the rate of chemical reaction. This invention uses a shock source implosion to generate ultra-high pressure and ultra-high temperature in the central reaction region, which greatly increases the rate of chemical reaction by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude (100 to 1000 times).

[0004] This invention provides a method for increasing the rate of a chemical reaction, comprising the following steps:

[0005] The reactant is placed in the central reaction region, and the implosion of the shock source is used to generate ultra-high pressure and ultra-high temperature in the central reaction region, thereby increasing the chemical reaction rate.

[0006] The ultra-high pressure is above 1 GPa, and the ultra-high temperature is above 3000℃.

[0007] Preferably, the shock source includes an electrical explosion, an explosive explosion, or a laser.

[0008] Preferably, the initiation energy of the electric explosion is 8kJ and the voltage is 40kV.

[0009] Preferably, the explosive used in the explosive detonation includes trinitrotoluene.

[0010] Preferably, the laser comprises multiple laser beams converging simultaneously toward the central reaction region.

[0011] Preferably, the implosion mode of the shock source includes plane wave, cylindrical wave, spherical wave or conical wave.

[0012] Preferably, when the shock source implosion is a plane wave, the device for the shock source implosion is a hollow tube with an inner diameter of 10 cm.

[0013] Preferably, when the shock source implosion is a cylindrical wave, the shock source implosion uses a hollow cylinder with an outer diameter of 4cm, an inner diameter of 2cm, and a height of 5cm, and the hollow cylinder is made of explosives.

[0014] Preferably, when the shock source implosion is a spherical wave, the device for the shock source implosion is a sphere with an inner diameter of 6 cm.

[0015] Preferably, the pressure of the ultra-high pressure is 3.5 to 10 GPa, and the temperature of the ultra-high temperature is 3000 to 5000℃.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] This invention provides a method for increasing the rate of a chemical reaction, comprising the following steps: placing the reactant in a central reaction region, and using a shock source to implode to generate ultra-high pressure and ultra-high temperature in the central reaction region, thereby increasing the rate of the chemical reaction; the pressure of the ultra-high pressure is above 1 GPa, and the temperature of the ultra-high temperature is above 3000℃.

[0018] This invention utilizes an implosion method to confine the central reaction region, increasing its pressure and temperature to over 1 GPa and over 3000°C, creating an ultra-high temperature and ultra-high pressure environment. This can increase the chemical reaction rate by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude (100 to 1000 times). This invention solves the problem that shock tubes and high-temperature, high-pressure reactors are unable to achieve ultra-high pressure and ultra-high temperature, thus limiting their ability to increase the chemical reaction rate.

[0019] Moreover, the present invention utilizes an implosion method, which has low requirements for the device, is simple, and has low construction costs. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the convergence of the planar shock source center in Example 1;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the convergence of the cylindrical shock wave center in Example 2;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the convergence of the spherical wave and the conical wave centers in Example 4. Detailed Implementation

[0024] This invention provides a method for increasing the rate of a chemical reaction, comprising the following steps:

[0025] The reactant is placed in the central reaction region, and the implosion of the shock source is used to generate ultra-high pressure and ultra-high temperature in the central reaction region, thereby increasing the chemical reaction rate.

[0026] The pressure of the ultra-high pressure is above 1 GPa, and the temperature of the ultra-high temperature is above 3000℃.

[0027] Unless otherwise specified, all materials and equipment used in this invention are commercially available products in the field.

[0028] In this invention, the reactants include aluminum and an oxidant, and the oxidant includes water; the mass ratio of aluminum to oxidant is preferably 1:1.

[0029] In this invention, the size of the central reaction region is preferably 1 cm. 3 .

[0030] In this invention, the shock wave (driving) source preferably includes an electrical explosion, an explosive explosion, or a laser. The explosive used for the explosive explosion preferably includes trinitrotoluene (TNT). During the implosion process, energy converges towards the central reaction region, forming an ultra-high pressure and ultra-high temperature environment.

[0031] In this invention, the initiation energy of the electric explosion is preferably 8 kJ, and the voltage is preferably 40 kV. The electric explosion offers high repeatability, with a repeatability deviation within ±5%.

[0032] In this invention, the implosion of the shock source preferably includes plane waves, cylindrical waves, spherical waves, or conical waves. This invention utilizes implosion to confine the central reaction region, increasing its pressure and temperature, thus placing the central reaction region (the area where the reactant is placed) in an ultra-high pressure and ultra-high temperature environment. Plane waves achieve convergence by converging plane waves from both ends towards the center, increasing the temperature and pressure in the central region; cylindrical waves achieve convergence by converging cylindrical waves towards the axis, increasing the temperature and pressure in the axial region; spherical waves achieve convergence by utilizing the characteristic of spherical waves converging towards the center, achieving ultra-high temperature and ultra-high pressure conditions in the central region.

[0033] The present invention does not have special requirements for the device for the implosion of the shock source, as long as it can withstand the pressure of the external explosion.

[0034] When the implosion of the shock source is a plane wave, the device for the implosion of the shock source is preferably a hollow tube with an inner diameter of 10 cm. Shock sources are placed at both ends of the tube. Explosives and electrically detonated planar wire arrays can be used as shock sources. Both ends are detonated simultaneously, and the shock wave converges towards the central reaction area.

[0035] When the shock source implosion is a cylindrical wave, the shock source implosion uses a hollow cylinder with an outer diameter of 4cm, an inner diameter of 2cm, and a height of 5cm. The hollow cylinder is made of explosives; the explosives are preferably trinitrotoluene (TNT).

[0036] When the implosion of the shock source is a spherical wave, the device for the implosion of the shock source is preferably a sphere with an inner diameter of 6 cm.

[0037] In this invention, the pressure of the ultra-high pressure is preferably 3.5 to 10 GPa, and the temperature of the ultra-high temperature is preferably 3000 to 5000℃.

[0038] To further illustrate the present invention, the method for increasing the chemical reaction rate provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but these should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] like Figure 1 As shown, shock wave sources (using explosives as shock wave sources) are placed at both ends of the pipeline, and both ends are detonated simultaneously, causing the shock waves to converge towards the central reaction area.

[0041] 100g of explosives were placed at both ends of a steel pipe with an inner diameter of 10cm, a wall thickness of 10cm, and a length of 0.3m. The explosive charge at both ends was 10cm long and 10cm in diameter. A mixture of 1.8g aluminum and oxidant (water) in a 1:1 mass ratio was placed in the central reaction zone.

[0042] The explosives at both ends detonate simultaneously at their bottoms. After 45 microseconds, the pressure in the central reaction zone can be raised to 80 GPa, and the temperature in the central reaction zone can reach 5000℃. This can increase the aluminum molten metal reaction rate by more than 100 times compared to the reaction rate at room temperature.

[0043] Specifically: After the explosive detonates, the shock wave converges to the central reaction area, where the temperature and pressure reach 80 GPa and 5000℃. Under these reaction conditions, the aluminum detonation (combustion) rate can reach 4000 m / s.

[0044] Comparative Example 1

[0045] At room temperature and pressure, 100g of molten aluminum mixture (aluminum to water mass ratio of 1:1) was placed in a cylindrical acrylic tube with an inner diameter of 1cm (approximately 85cm in length). 5g of magnesium powder was placed on top of the molten aluminum mixture, and a heating resistance wire was placed in the magnesium powder. The magnesium powder was ignited by the heating resistance wire, and the heat generated caused the molten aluminum mixture to undergo self-sustaining combustion. The experiment was conducted using a high-speed camera. The fastest measured aluminum combustion rate was 10m / s, and the combustion could continue for 8s (with some unburned material).

[0046] Comparative Example 2

[0047] At normal temperature and pressure, 100g of molten aluminum mixture (aluminum to water mass ratio of 1:1) is placed in a cylindrical acrylic tube with an inner diameter of 1cm (about 85cm long). 5g of 5wt% hydrogen peroxide solution is added to the water, and 10g of emulsion explosive is placed on top. When the emulsion explosive is detonated, the molten aluminum mixture can burn at a maximum rate of 100m / s under the impact of the explosive explosion.

[0048] It can be seen that when hydrogen peroxide is added to water and then subjected to an explosive charge, the combustion rate only reaches 100 m / s.

[0049] If the 10g emulsion explosive is replaced with multiple laser beams focused as the shock wave source, the required equipment is huge and the system is quite complex.

[0050] Example 2

[0051] like Figure 2 As shown, an explosive is used as the shock wave source. The explosive is a hollow cylindrical TNT explosive with an outer diameter of 4cm, an inner diameter of 2cm, and a cylinder height of 5cm (60g of TNT in total). The center of the hollow cylinder is the reaction material zone, where 2g of molten aluminum mixture is placed.

[0052] By using a multi-point detonation method to detonate the outer layer of a hollow TNT cylinder, cylindrical waves are generated in the hollow cylinder and converge toward the center, where the central region can reach 30 GPa and 3000℃.

[0053] Example 3

[0054] The shock source can be transformed into a cylindrical wave by using an electric explosion to initiate a cylindrical metal wire array. 64 metal wires (copper wires) with a diameter of 0.05 mm are evenly placed in a cylindrical disk with a diameter of 5 cm. The electric explosion initiation energy is 8 kJ and the voltage is 40 kV. After the electric explosion initiation, an approximate cylindrical wave is generated and converges towards the center. At this time, the central pressure can reach 10 GPa and 2000℃.

[0055] Compared to Example 2, this method generates a cylindrical shock wave that converges towards the center, uses electricity for the explosion, has a small device size, high repeatability, low cost, and the electric explosion wire array is 5cm in size.

[0056] Example 4

[0057] like Figure 3 As shown, spherical and conical waves converge at the center. The shock wave source is generated by an electric explosion. 64 copper wires, each 5cm long and 0.05mm in diameter (3cm away from the center of the sphere), are evenly distributed and connected to high-voltage electrodes at the two poles of the sphere. The high-voltage parameters of the electric explosion are 8kJ and 40kV. After the electric explosion is initiated, spherical or conical shock waves are generated and converge towards the center. At this time, a voltage of up to 35GPa and a temperature of 5000℃ can be generated.

[0058] While inertial confinement fusion laser focusing platforms can achieve ultra-high pressure and ultra-high temperature by converging multiple laser beams towards the center simultaneously, these platforms are enormous, with construction costs reaching tens of billions of dollars. This invention utilizes an implosion method, which has lower requirements for the equipment, simpler equipment, and lower construction costs.

[0059] Although the above embodiments have provided a detailed description of the present invention, they are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. People can obtain other embodiments based on the present invention without creative effort, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for increasing the rate of a chemical reaction, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The reactant is placed in the central reaction region, and the implosion of the shock source is used to generate ultra-high pressure and ultra-high temperature in the central reaction region, thereby increasing the chemical reaction rate. The ultra-high pressure is above 1 GPa, and the ultra-high temperature is above 3000℃.

2. The lifting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shock source includes electrical explosion, explosive explosion, or laser.

3. The lifting method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The initiation energy of the electric explosion was 8 kJ, and the voltage was 40 kV.

4. The lifting method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The explosive used in the detonation includes trinitrotoluene.

5. The lifting method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The laser consists of multiple laser beams that converge simultaneously toward the central reaction region.

6. The lifting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The implosion of the shock source can be a plane wave, a cylindrical wave, a spherical wave, or a conical wave.

7. The lifting method according to claim 6, characterized in that, When the implosion of the shock source is a plane wave, the device for the implosion of the shock source is a hollow tube with an inner diameter of 10 cm.

8. The lifting method according to claim 6, characterized in that, When the shock source implosion is a cylindrical wave, the shock source implosion uses a hollow cylinder with an outer diameter of 4cm, an inner diameter of 2cm, and a height of 5cm, and the hollow cylinder is made of explosives.

9. The lifting method according to claim 6, characterized in that, When the implosion of the shock source is a spherical wave, the device for the implosion of the shock source is a sphere with an inner diameter of 6 cm.

10. The lifting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure of the ultra-high pressure is 3.5 to 10 GPa, and the temperature of the ultra-high temperature is 3000 to 5000℃.

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