Composite material based on aluminum base and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of composite materials, in particular to an aluminum-based composite material and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps that S1, a base material is prepared, and the base material comprises, by weight, 80-100 parts of aluminum powder, 30-40 parts of vanadium oxide, 20-25 parts of filler, 30-40 parts of solvent, 20-30 parts of silicon carbide, 6-10 parts of auxiliaries, 2-4 parts of manganese and 2-3 parts of lithium; according to the preparation method, graphite is taken as a basis in powder, firstly, the surface of the graphite is modified through treatment of hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid, in high-temperature preparation of filler, methane is decomposed to provide a carbon source, silane is decomposed to generate silicon, and a transition layer which is uniform and good in adhesive force is formed on the surface of the graphite; the transition layer is utilized to generate a bridging effect to enhance the synergistic effect among the materials, and the surface stress concentration of the materials is reduced, so that the strength performance of the composite material is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of composite material technology, specifically to an aluminum-based composite material and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Aluminum-based composite materials are high-performance materials made with aluminum as the matrix. They combine the toughness of metals with the high strength and hardness of reinforcements, and are widely used in aerospace, automotive manufacturing, electronic packaging and other fields. They represent an important development direction for advanced composite materials.

[0003] In existing technologies, the addition of high-hardness materials during the preparation of aluminum-based composite materials can lead to interfacial stress concentration, making the aluminum-based composite materials prone to stress segregation and damage under stress, thus affecting the strength properties of the aluminum-based composite materials. Therefore, this invention provides an aluminum-based composite material and its preparation method. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an aluminum-based composite material and its preparation method. The composite material prepared by this invention not only has good tensile strength but also excellent elongation, effectively improving the performance of the composite material.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing an aluminum-based composite material, comprising the following steps: S1: Base material preparation, the base material includes the following raw materials by weight: 80-100 parts aluminum powder, 30-40 parts vanadium oxide, 20-25 parts filler, 30-40 parts solvent, 20-30 parts silicon carbide, 6-10 parts additives, 2-4 parts manganese, and 2-3 parts lithium. The preparation of the filler includes the following steps: Step 1: Powder preparation. The raw materials for the powder include graphite, aluminum sulfate, copper persulfate, deionized water, ethanol, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, and thiourea. Step 2: Preparation of additives. The raw materials for the additives include diamond particles, hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid, nano-silica, titanate coupling agent, ethanol, 2,5-furandimethyl alcohol, and deionized water. The mass of the additives is 60-80% of the mass of the powder. Step 3: Mixing treatment. The powder and additives are mixed to obtain the filler. S2: Slurry preparation: The raw materials in the base material are mixed and ball-milled to obtain the slurry; S3: Molding process: After the slurry is cast into a green blank, the green blank thickness is 0.6-1mm. The green blank is left to stand for 10-20h, and then placed into a mold and cold-pressed at 0.2-0.4MPa for 20-40min to obtain a green sheet. S4: Firing treatment, the raw sheets are fired to obtain composite materials.

[0006] Further, the method for preparing the powder is as follows: graphite, aluminum sulfate, and copper persulfate are added to a mixer, which is set to 80-120 r / min and stirred for 20-30 min. The resulting product is added to a reaction vessel, where deionized water, ethanol, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, and thiourea are added. The reaction vessel is set to a temperature of 50-60°C and a stirring speed of 200-300 r / min, and stirred at a constant temperature for 30-40 min. After the constant temperature stirring is completed, the resulting product is added to a centrifuge, which is set to 6000-8000 r / min and centrifuged for 6-10 min. A precipitate is obtained from the centrifuged product, which is washed with deionized water and then sent to an oven. The oven is set to 60-80°C and vacuum dried for 6-8 h to obtain the powder.

[0007] Furthermore, the mass ratio of graphite, aluminum sulfate, and copper persulfate is 1:(0.1-0.15):(0.2-0.25), the mass of deionized water is 10-12 times the mass of graphite, and the mass ratio of deionized water, ethanol, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, and thiourea is 1:(0.2-0.4):(0.03-0.05):(0.1-0.15).

[0008] Further, the method for preparing the additive is as follows: diamond particles, hydrofluoric acid, and nitric acid are added to a reaction vessel. The reaction vessel is set to a temperature of 70–80°C, and the stirring speed is 100–200 r / min. The mixture is stirred at a constant temperature for 20–30 min. The resulting product is washed with deionized water to obtain a coarse material. The coarse material is added to a mixer, where nano-silica, titanate coupling agent, ethanol, 2,5-furandimethyl alcohol, and deionized water are added. The mixer is set to a stirring speed of 600–800 r / min for 10–20 min. The resulting product is added to a centrifuge and centrifuged at a speed of 6000–8000 r / min for 6–10 min. Solids are obtained from the centrifuged product. The solids are washed with deionized water and then sent to an oven. The oven is set to a vacuum drying temperature of 60–80°C for 6–8 h to obtain the additive.

[0009] Furthermore, the diamond particles have a particle size of 60–80 μm, the mass ratio of diamond particles, hydrofluoric acid, and nitric acid is 1:0.2:0.2, and the mass ratio of coarse material, nano-silica, titanate coupling agent, ethanol, 2,5-furandimethyl alcohol, and deionized water is 1:(0.6–0.8):(0.1–0.15):(0.2–0.4):(0.08–0.1):(25–30).

[0010] Further, the mixing process is as follows: the powder and additives are added to a mixer, the mixer is set to 600-800 r / min and stirred for 20-30 min, the resulting product is added to a muffle furnace, the heating rate is set to 5-7℃ / min, the temperature is raised to 800-850℃, and held for 2-3 h, gas is introduced during the heating and holding process, and after cooling to room temperature, the mixing process is completed to obtain the filler. The introduced gas is a mixture of argon, methane and silane, and the volume ratio of argon, methane and silane is 1:(0.2-0.3):(0.05-0.07).

[0011] Further, the solvent is anhydrous ethanol, and the additive is prepared by mixing paraffin, tributyl phosphate, stearic acid and gum arabic, with the mass ratio of paraffin, tributyl phosphate, stearic acid and gum arabic being 1:(0.4-0.6):(0.2-0.4):(0.4-0.6).

[0012] Furthermore, the method for preparing the slurry is as follows: aluminum powder, vanadium oxide, filler, solvent, silicon carbide, additives, manganese, and lithium are weighed as needed, mixed, and then ball-milled for 40 to 50 minutes to obtain the slurry.

[0013] Furthermore, the firing process is as follows: the raw sheet is fed into a muffle furnace filled with nitrogen, the muffle furnace is set to a heating rate of 4-6℃ / min, the temperature is raised to 600-650℃, and held for 4-6 hours to obtain the composite material.

[0014] Secondly, the present invention also provides an aluminum-based composite material, which is prepared by a method for preparing aluminum-based composite materials.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. In this invention, through the synergistic addition of powder and additives to the filler and the high-temperature treatment, the powder is based on graphite. First, the graphite surface is modified by treatment with hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid. During the high-temperature preparation of the filler, methane decomposes to provide a carbon source and silane decomposes to generate silicon, forming a uniform and well-adhesive transition layer on the graphite surface. The transition layer generates a bridging effect to enhance the synergistic effect between the materials, reduce the surface stress concentration of the materials, and thus improve the strength performance of the composite material.

[0016] 2. In this invention, 2,5-furandiethanol, as an oxygen-containing heterocyclic diol, can form a flexible transition layer on the surface of the filler at high temperatures, which helps stress transfer. Diamond particles can play a rigid supporting role in the composite material, providing the main load-bearing capacity. Combined with the pore-filling effect of nano-silica, a stable skeleton structure can be formed, which hinders dislocation movement when the composite material is under stress. At the same time, the dense structure can effectively transfer and disperse the load, ensuring that the composite material is still in the continuous phase and retains its plastic deformation capacity, thereby effectively improving the strength performance of the composite material. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 A flowchart is provided for the invention of an aluminum-based composite material and its preparation method. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] It should be noted that the raw materials used in the following embodiments are all commercially available. Example

[0020] S1: Base material preparation. The base material includes the following raw materials by weight: 80 parts aluminum powder, 30 parts vanadium oxide, 20 parts filler, 30 parts solvent, 20 parts silicon carbide, 6 parts additives, 2 parts manganese, and 2 parts lithium. The solvent is anhydrous ethanol, and the additives are prepared by mixing paraffin wax, tributyl phosphate, stearic acid, and gum arabic. The mass ratio of paraffin wax, tributyl phosphate, stearic acid, and gum arabic is 1:0.4:0.2:0.4. The preparation of the filler includes the following steps: Step 1: Powder preparation. The raw materials for the powder include graphite, aluminum sulfate, copper persulfate, deionized water, ethanol, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, and thiourea. The method for preparing the powder is as follows: graphite, aluminum sulfate, and copper persulfate are added to a mixer, which is set to 80 r / min and stirred for 20 min. The resulting product is added to a reaction vessel, where deionized water, ethanol, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, and thiourea are added. The reaction vessel is set to a temperature of 50℃ and a stirring speed of 200 r / min, and stirred at a constant temperature for 30 min. After the constant temperature stirring is completed, the resulting product is added to a centrifuge, which is set to 6000 r / min and centrifuged for 6 min. A precipitate is obtained from the centrifuged product, which is then washed with deionized water and sent to an oven for vacuum drying at 60℃ for 6 h to obtain the powder. The mass ratio of graphite, aluminum sulfate, and copper persulfate is 1:0.1:0.2, the mass of deionized water is 10 times the mass of graphite, and the mass ratio of deionized water, ethanol, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, and thiourea is 1:0.2:0.03:0.1. Step 2: Preparation of additives. The raw materials for the additives include diamond particles, hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid, nano-silica, titanate coupling agent, ethanol, 2,5-furandimethyl alcohol, and deionized water. The mass of the additives is 60% of the mass of the powder. The method for preparing the additive is as follows: Diamond particles, hydrofluoric acid, and nitric acid are added to a reaction vessel. The reaction vessel temperature is set to 70℃, the stirring speed is 100 r / min, and the mixture is stirred at a constant temperature for 20 min. The resulting product is washed with deionized water to obtain a coarse material. The coarse material is added to a mixer, where nano-silica, titanate coupling agent, ethanol, 2,5-furandimethyl alcohol, and deionized water are added. The mixer is set to 600 r / min and stirred for 10 min. The resulting product is then added to a centrifuge, which is set to 600 r / min. Centrifuge at 0 r / min for 6 min, and obtain solids from the centrifuged product. The solids are then rinsed with deionized water and placed in an oven at 60℃ under vacuum for 6 h to obtain the additive. The diamond particles have a particle size of 60 μm, and the mass ratio of diamond particles, hydrofluoric acid, and nitric acid is 1:0.2:0.2. The mass ratio of coarse material, nano-silica, titanate coupling agent, ethanol, 2,5-furandimethyl alcohol, and deionized water is 1:0.6:0.1:0.2:0.08:25. Step 3: Mixing treatment. The powder and additives are mixed to obtain the filler. The mixing process is as follows: powder and additives are added to a mixer, which is set to 600 r / min and stirred for 20 min. The resulting product is added to a muffle furnace, and the heating rate is set to 5℃ / min. The temperature is raised to 800℃ and held for 2 h. During the heating and holding process, gas is introduced. After cooling to room temperature, the mixing process is completed and the filler is obtained. The introduced gas is a mixture of argon, methane, and silane, with a volume ratio of argon, methane, and silane of 1:0.2:0.05. S2: Slurry preparation: The raw materials in the base material are mixed and ball-milled to obtain the slurry; The method for preparing the slurry is as follows: Weigh out aluminum powder, vanadium oxide, filler, solvent, silicon carbide, additives, manganese and lithium as needed, mix them and then ball mill them for 40 minutes to obtain the slurry. S3: Molding process: After the slurry is cast and molded, a green blank is obtained with a thickness of 0.6 mm. The green blank is left to stand for 10 h, and then placed into a mold and cold-pressed at 0.2 MPa for 20 min to obtain a green sheet. S4: Firing treatment, the raw sheets are fired to obtain composite materials; The firing process is as follows: the raw sheet is fed into a muffle furnace filled with nitrogen. The muffle furnace is set to a heating rate of 4℃ / min, and the temperature is raised to 600℃ and held for 4 hours to obtain the composite material. Example

[0021] S1: Base material preparation. The base material includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90 parts aluminum powder, 35 parts vanadium oxide, 22 parts filler, 35 parts solvent, 25 parts silicon carbide, 8 parts additives, 3 parts manganese, and 2.5 parts lithium. The solvent is anhydrous ethanol, and the additives are prepared by mixing paraffin wax, tributyl phosphate, stearic acid, and gum arabic. The mass ratio of paraffin wax, tributyl phosphate, stearic acid, and gum arabic is 1:0.5:0.3:0.5. The preparation of the filler includes the following steps: Step 1: Powder preparation. The raw materials for the powder include graphite, aluminum sulfate, copper persulfate, deionized water, ethanol, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, and thiourea. The method for preparing the powder is as follows: graphite, aluminum sulfate, and copper persulfate are added to a mixer, which is set to 100 r / min and stirred for 25 min. The resulting product is added to a reaction vessel, where deionized water, ethanol, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, and thiourea are added. The reaction vessel is set to a temperature of 55℃ and a stirring speed of 250 r / min, and stirred at a constant temperature for 35 min. After the constant temperature stirring is completed, the resulting product is added to a centrifuge, which is set to 7000 r / min and centrifuged for 8 min. A precipitate is obtained from the centrifuged product, which is then washed with deionized water and sent to an oven. The oven is set to 70℃ and vacuum dried for 7 h to obtain the powder. The mass ratio of graphite, aluminum sulfate, and copper persulfate is 1:0.12:0.22, the mass of deionized water is 11 times the mass of graphite, and the mass ratio of deionized water, ethanol, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, and thiourea is 1:0.3:0.04:0.12. Step 2: Preparation of additives. The raw materials for the additives include diamond particles, hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid, nano-silica, titanate coupling agent, ethanol, 2,5-furandimethyl alcohol, and deionized water. The mass of the additives is 70% of the mass of the powder. The method for preparing the additive is as follows: Diamond particles, hydrofluoric acid, and nitric acid are added to a reaction vessel. The reaction vessel is set to a temperature of 75°C, and the stirring speed is 150 r / min. The mixture is stirred at this constant temperature for 25 min. The resulting product is washed with deionized water to obtain a coarse material. The coarse material is then added to a mixer, where nano-silica, titanate coupling agent, ethanol, 2,5-furandimethyl alcohol, and deionized water are added. The mixer is set to 700 r / min and stirred for 15 min. The resulting product is then added to a centrifuge, which is set to 7000 r / min. Centrifuge at 1000 rpm for 8 min, and obtain solids from the centrifuged product. The solids are then rinsed with deionized water and placed in an oven at 70°C under vacuum for 7 h to obtain the additive. The diamond particles have a particle size of 70 μm, and the mass ratio of diamond particles, hydrofluoric acid, and nitric acid is 1:0.2:0.2. The mass ratio of coarse material, nano-silica, titanate coupling agent, ethanol, 2,5-furandimethyl alcohol, and deionized water is 1:0.7:0.12:0.3:0.09:27. Step 3: Mixing treatment. The powder and additives are mixed to obtain the filler. The mixing process is as follows: powder and additives are added to a mixer, which is set to 700 r / min and stirred for 25 min. The resulting product is added to a muffle furnace, and the heating rate is set to 6℃ / min. The temperature is raised to 820℃ and held for 2.5 h. Gas is introduced during the heating and holding process. After cooling to room temperature, the mixing process is completed and the filler is obtained. The introduced gas is a mixture of argon, methane, and silane, with a volume ratio of argon, methane, and silane of 1:0.25:0.06. S2: Slurry preparation: The raw materials in the base material are mixed and ball-milled to obtain the slurry; The method for preparing the slurry is as follows: Weigh out aluminum powder, vanadium oxide, filler, solvent, silicon carbide, additives, manganese and lithium as needed, mix them and then ball mill them for 45 minutes to obtain the slurry. S3: Molding process: After the slurry is cast and molded, a green blank is obtained with a thickness of 0.8 mm. The green blank is left to stand for 15 h, and then placed into a mold and cold-pressed at 0.3 MPa for 30 min to obtain a green sheet. S4: Firing treatment, the raw sheets are fired to obtain composite materials; The firing process is as follows: the raw sheet is fed into a muffle furnace filled with nitrogen. The muffle furnace is set to a heating rate of 5℃ / min, and the temperature is raised to 620℃ and held for 5 hours to obtain the composite material. Example

[0022] S1: Base material preparation. The base material includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts aluminum powder, 40 parts vanadium oxide, 25 parts filler, 40 parts solvent, 30 parts silicon carbide, 10 parts additives, 4 parts manganese, and 3 parts lithium. The solvent is anhydrous ethanol, and the additives are prepared by mixing paraffin wax, tributyl phosphate, stearic acid, and gum arabic. The mass ratio of paraffin wax, tributyl phosphate, stearic acid, and gum arabic is 1:0.6:0.4:0.6. The preparation of the filler includes the following steps: Step 1: Powder preparation. The raw materials for the powder include graphite, aluminum sulfate, copper persulfate, deionized water, ethanol, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, and thiourea. The method for preparing the powder is as follows: graphite, aluminum sulfate, and copper persulfate are added to a mixer, which is set to 120 r / min and stirred for 30 min. The resulting product is added to a reaction vessel, where deionized water, ethanol, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, and thiourea are added. The reaction vessel is set to 60℃ and the stirring speed is 300 r / min. The mixture is stirred at a constant temperature for 40 min. After the constant temperature stirring is completed, the resulting product is added to a centrifuge, which is set to 8000 r / min and centrifuged for 10 min. A precipitate is obtained from the centrifuged product. The precipitate is washed with deionized water and then sent to an oven. The oven is set to 80℃ and vacuum dried for 8 h to obtain the powder. The mass ratio of graphite, aluminum sulfate, and copper persulfate is 1:0.15:0.25, the mass of deionized water is 12 times the mass of graphite, and the mass ratio of deionized water, ethanol, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, and thiourea is 1:0.4:0.05:0.15. Step 2: Preparation of additives. The raw materials for the additives include diamond particles, hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid, nano-silica, titanate coupling agent, ethanol, 2,5-furandimethyl alcohol, and deionized water. The mass of the additives is 80% of the mass of the powder. The method for preparing the additive is as follows: Diamond particles, hydrofluoric acid, and nitric acid are added to a reaction vessel. The reaction vessel is set to a temperature of 80℃, and the stirring speed is 200 r / min. The mixture is stirred at this constant temperature for 30 min. The resulting product is washed with deionized water to obtain a coarse material. The coarse material is then added to a mixer, where nano-silica, titanate coupling agent, ethanol, 2,5-furandimethyl alcohol, and deionized water are added. The mixer is set to 800 r / min and stirred for 20 min. The resulting product is then added to a centrifuge, which is set to 8000 r / min. Centrifuge at 10 r / min for 10 min, and obtain solids from the centrifuged product. The solids are then rinsed with deionized water and placed in an oven at 80℃ for vacuum drying for 8 h to obtain the additive. The diamond particles have a particle size of 80 μm, and the mass ratio of diamond particles, hydrofluoric acid, and nitric acid is 1:0.2:0.2. The mass ratio of coarse material, nano silica, titanate coupling agent, ethanol, 2,5-furandimethyl alcohol, and deionized water is 1:0.8:0.15:0.4:0.1:30. Step 3: Mixing treatment. The powder and additives are mixed to obtain the filler. The mixing process is as follows: powder and additives are added to a mixer, which is set to 800 r / min and stirred for 30 min. The resulting product is added to a muffle furnace, and the heating rate is set to 7℃ / min. The temperature is raised to 850℃ and held for 3 h. Gas is introduced during the heating and holding process. After cooling to room temperature, the mixing process is completed and the filler is obtained. The introduced gas is a mixture of argon, methane, and silane, with a volume ratio of argon, methane, and silane of 1:0.3:0.07. S2: Slurry preparation: The raw materials in the base material are mixed and ball-milled to obtain the slurry; The method for preparing the slurry is as follows: Weigh out aluminum powder, vanadium oxide, filler, solvent, silicon carbide, additives, manganese and lithium as needed, mix them and then ball mill them for 50 minutes to obtain the slurry. S3: Molding process: After the slurry is cast and molded, a green blank is obtained with a thickness of 1 mm. The green blank is left to stand for 20 h, and then placed into a mold and cold-pressed at 0.4 MPa for 40 min to obtain a green sheet. S4: Firing treatment, the raw sheets are fired to obtain composite materials; The firing process is as follows: the raw sheet is fed into a muffle furnace filled with nitrogen. The muffle furnace is set to a heating rate of 6℃ / min, and the temperature is raised to 650℃ and held for 6 hours to obtain the composite material.

[0023] Comparative Example 1: The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that an equal amount of graphite is used to replace the powder in this comparative example.

[0024] Comparative Example 2: The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that an equal amount of nano-silica is used to replace the additives in this comparative example.

[0025] Comparative Example 3 differs from Example 1 in that it does not contain any additives.

[0026] Comparative Example 4: The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that this comparative example does not contain fillers.

[0027] Performance testing: The composite materials prepared in Examples 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, and 4 were subjected to performance testing.

[0028] It is evident that the tensile strength and elongation properties of the composite materials prepared in Comparative Examples 1, 2, 3, and 4 are all lower than those in Examples 1, 2, and 3. This indicates that through the synergistic addition of powder and additives to the filler and the high-temperature treatment, the powder is based on graphite. First, the graphite surface is modified by treatment with hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid. During the high-temperature preparation of the filler, methane decomposes to provide a carbon source, and silane decomposes to generate silicon, forming a uniform and well-adhesive transition layer on the graphite surface. The bridging effect of the transition layer enhances the synergistic effect between the materials, reduces the surface stress concentration of the materials, and thus improves the strength properties of the composite material. 2,5-Furandiethanol, as an oxygen-containing heterocyclic diol, can form a flexible transition layer on the filler surface at high temperatures, which helps stress transfer. Diamond particles can play a rigid supporting role in the composite material, providing the main load-bearing capacity. Combined with the pore-filling effect of nano-silica, a stable skeleton structure can be formed, which hinders dislocation movement when the composite material is under stress. At the same time, the dense structure can effectively transfer and disperse the load, ensuring that the composite material remains in a continuous phase and retains its plastic deformation capacity, thereby effectively improving the strength performance of the composite material.

[0029] By comparing and analyzing the relevant data in the table, it can be seen that the composite material prepared by this invention not only has good tensile strength but also excellent elongation. This indicates that the aluminum-based composite material provided by this invention has a broader market prospect and is more suitable for widespread application.

[0030] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "an embodiment," "example," "specific example," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0031] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are merely illustrative of the invention. These preferred embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementations described. Clearly, many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an aluminum-based composite material, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1: Base material preparation, the base material includes the following raw materials by weight: 80-100 parts aluminum powder, 30-40 parts vanadium oxide, 20-25 parts filler, 30-40 parts solvent, 20-30 parts silicon carbide, 6-10 parts additives, 2-4 parts manganese, and 2-3 parts lithium. The preparation of the filler includes the following steps: Step 1: Powder preparation. The raw materials for the powder include graphite, aluminum sulfate, copper persulfate, deionized water, ethanol, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, and thiourea. Step 2: Preparation of additives. The raw materials for the additives include diamond particles, hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid, nano-silica, titanate coupling agent, ethanol, 2,5-furandimethyl alcohol, and deionized water. The mass of the additives is 60-80% of the mass of the powder. Step 3: Mixing treatment. The powder and additives are mixed to obtain the filler. S2: Slurry preparation: The raw materials in the base material are mixed and ball-milled to obtain the slurry; S3: Molding process: After the slurry is cast into a green blank, the green blank thickness is 0.6-1mm. The green blank is left to stand for 10-20h, and then placed into a mold and cold-pressed at 0.2-0.4MPa for 20-40min to obtain a green sheet. S4: Firing treatment, the raw sheets are fired to obtain composite materials.

2. The method for preparing the aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for preparing the powder is as follows: graphite, aluminum sulfate, and copper persulfate are added to a mixer, which is set to 80-120 r / min and stirred for 20-30 min. The resulting product is added to a reaction vessel, where deionized water, ethanol, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, and thiourea are added. The reaction vessel is set to a temperature of 50-60°C and a stirring speed of 200-300 r / min, and stirred at a constant temperature for 30-40 min. After the constant temperature stirring is completed, the resulting product is added to a centrifuge, which is set to 6000-8000 r / min and centrifuged for 6-10 min. A precipitate is obtained from the centrifuged product, which is then washed with deionized water and sent to an oven. The oven is set to 60-80°C and vacuum dried for 6-8 h to obtain the powder.

3. The method for preparing the aluminum-based composite material according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mass ratio of graphite, aluminum sulfate, and copper persulfate is 1:(0.1-0.15):(0.2-0.25), the mass of deionized water is 10-12 times the mass of graphite, and the mass ratio of deionized water, ethanol, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, and thiourea is 1:(0.2-0.4):(0.03-0.05):(0.1-0.15).

4. The method for preparing the aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for preparing the additive is as follows: diamond particles, hydrofluoric acid, and nitric acid are added to a reaction vessel. The reaction vessel is set to a temperature of 70–80°C and a stirring speed of 100–200 r / min. The mixture is stirred at a constant temperature for 20–30 min. The resulting product is washed with deionized water to obtain a coarse material. The coarse material is added to a mixer, where nano-silica, titanate coupling agent, ethanol, 2,5-furandimethyl alcohol, and deionized water are added. The mixer is set to a stirring speed of 600–800 r / min for 10–20 min. The resulting product is added to a centrifuge and centrifuged at a speed of 6000–8000 r / min for 6–10 min. Solids are obtained from the centrifuged product. The solids are washed with deionized water and then placed in an oven. The oven is set to a temperature of 60–80°C and vacuum dried for 6–8 h to obtain the additive.

5. The method for preparing the aluminum-based composite material according to claim 4, characterized in that, The diamond particles have a particle size of 60–80 μm. The mass ratio of diamond particles, hydrofluoric acid, and nitric acid is 1:0.2:0.

2. The mass ratio of coarse material, nano-silica, titanate coupling agent, ethanol, 2,5-furandimethyl alcohol, and deionized water is 1:(0.6–0.8):(0.1–0.15):(0.2–0.4):(0.08–0.1):(25–30).

6. The method for preparing the aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mixing process is as follows: powder and additives are added to a mixer, which is set to 600-800 r / min and stirred for 20-30 min. The resulting product is added to a muffle furnace, which is set to a heating rate of 5-7℃ / min and heated to 800-850℃. The temperature is maintained for 2-3 h. Gas is introduced during the heating and holding process. After cooling to room temperature, the mixing process is completed and the filler is obtained. The introduced gas is a mixture of argon, methane, and silane, with a volume ratio of argon, methane, and silane of 1:(0.2-0.3):(0.05-0.07).

7. The method for preparing the aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solvent is anhydrous ethanol, and the additive is prepared by mixing paraffin, tributyl phosphate, stearic acid and gum arabic, with the mass ratio of paraffin, tributyl phosphate, stearic acid and gum arabic being 1:(0.4-0.6):(0.2-0.4):(0.4-0.6).

8. The method for preparing the aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for preparing the slurry is as follows: aluminum powder, vanadium oxide, filler, solvent, silicon carbide, additives, manganese and lithium are weighed as needed, mixed and then ball-milled for 40 to 50 minutes to obtain the slurry.

9. The method for preparing the aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The firing process is as follows: the raw sheet is fed into a muffle furnace filled with nitrogen, the muffle furnace is set to a heating rate of 4-6℃ / min, the temperature is raised to 600-650℃, and held for 4-6 hours to obtain the composite material.

10. A composite material based on an aluminum matrix, characterized in that, It is prepared by the method for preparing aluminum-based composite materials according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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