In-situ preparation method of trace gold self-supporting catalyst loaded on graphite substrate
By preparing a gold-supported catalyst in situ on a graphite substrate, the problems of high cost and easy detachment of precious metal catalysts were solved, achieving low-cost, high-activity, and high-stability electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511321912.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-16
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-21
AI Technical Summary
Precious metal catalysts are scarce and expensive, and existing preparation methods are costly, which limits their large-scale industrial application and development. Furthermore, the catalysts are prone to detachment or agglomeration, which affects their catalytic performance.
An in-situ preparation method for trace gold self-supporting catalysts loaded on graphite substrates was adopted. The gold catalyst was prepared in situ on the graphite substrates by a simple room temperature method, avoiding the use of binders or conductive agents. The preparation process is simple and requires no additional energy.
The prepared catalyst is low in cost, has high catalytic activity and strong stability, and is suitable for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction, showing broad application prospects.
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Figure CN120989652A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of electrocatalytic materials technology, specifically relating to an in-situ preparation method and application of a trace gold self-supporting catalyst supported on a graphite substrate. Background Technology
[0002] Currently, the energy and environmental problems caused by fossil fuels are becoming increasingly severe, making the search for a new, efficient, and economical clean energy source urgent. Hydrogen energy, with its high energy density and low cost, has become an ideal new energy source. Electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen has abundant raw materials, high catalytic efficiency, zero carbon emissions, and helps alleviate the intermittent nature of some renewable energy sources, making it a highly promising sustainable hydrogen production technology.
[0003] Noble metal catalysts have long been highly regarded for their excellent catalytic performance, such as platinum's performance in the hydrogen evolution reaction and ruthenium's performance in the oxygen evolution reaction. However, the scarcity and high price of precious metals, coupled with the additional energy required for their preparation, significantly increase their cost, severely limiting their large-scale industrial application and development. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The technical problem this invention aims to solve is to address the shortcomings of the prior art by providing an in-situ preparation method and application of a trace gold self-supporting catalyst supported on a graphite substrate. This method involves the in-situ preparation of a trace gold self-supporting catalyst supported on a graphite substrate via a simple room-temperature method. The catalyst has an extremely low gold loading, resulting in low cost. No binders or conductive agents are used, ensuring good conductivity and preventing catalyst detachment or aggregation. The preparation method is simple and requires no additional energy. The obtained catalyst exhibits high catalytic activity and strong stability, showing broad application prospects in the field of electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an in-situ preparation method of trace gold self-supporting catalyst, the method being as follows: S1. Add a neutral polar solvent to the gold source, and dissolve it by ultrasonication to obtain a precursor solution; S2. The precursor solution obtained in S1 is drop-coated onto a graphite substrate and allowed to react at room temperature to obtain a trace gold self-supporting catalyst pre-product supported on a graphite substrate. S3. The trace gold self-supporting catalyst preform obtained in S2 and supported on the graphite substrate is washed with distilled water and dried at room temperature to obtain the trace gold self-supporting catalyst supported on the graphite substrate.
[0006] Preferably, the gold source in S1 is chloroauric acid.
[0007] Preferably, the gold source in S1 can also be one or two of chloroauric acid, gold chloride, and sodium gold sulfite.
[0008] Preferably, the neutral polar solvent in S1 is distilled water, an aqueous methanol solution, or an aqueous ethanol solution.
[0009] Preferably, the ratio of the gold source and the neutral polar solvent in S1 is (0.04~0.4) g: 1 mL.
[0010] Preferably, the conditions for ultrasonic dissolution of S1 are: ultrasonic frequency 50kHz and ultrasonic time 10min.
[0011] Preferably, the graphite substrate in S2 is a graphite sheet.
[0012] Preferably, the graphite substrate in S2 can also be graphite paper, graphite cloth, graphite sheet, graphite block, graphite rod, or glassy carbon.
[0013] Preferably, the static reaction time in S2 is 12h to 24h.
[0014] Preferably, the drying time in S3 is 1 hour to 2 hours.
[0015] Preferably, when the trace gold self-supporting catalyst supported on the graphite substrate is used for the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction, the working electrode operates at a current density of 10 mA·cm⁻¹. -2 The hydrogen evolution overpotential is -0.099 V to -0.089 V, and the current density is 100 mA·cm⁻¹. -2 The hydrogen evolution overpotential is -0.271 V to -0.251 V.
[0016] The present invention also provides the application of the trace gold self-supporting catalyst prepared by the above-described in-situ preparation method, wherein the trace gold self-supporting catalyst supported on a graphite substrate is used for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction.
[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. This invention prepares trace gold self-supporting catalysts through simple room temperature reactions. All reaction processes are carried out at room temperature, the synthesis process does not require additional energy, the steps are extremely simple, the experimental conditions are controllable, the reagents used are simple and readily available, the amount of raw materials used is very small, the cost is low, and the yield is high.
[0018] 2. The trace gold self-supporting catalyst supported on a graphite substrate prepared by this invention is prepared in situ, avoiding transfer steps in the in-situ preparation process. The self-supporting catalyst avoids the use of binders. The catalyst has high catalytic activity and strong stability, and has broad application prospects in electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction.
[0019] 3. The preparation method of the present invention can also be extended to the preparation methods of other self-supporting catalysts, and has a certain degree of universality.
[0020] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description
[0021] Figure 1 This is a transmission electron microscope image of the trace gold self-supporting catalyst prepared in Example 1 of this invention and supported on a graphite substrate.
[0022] Figure 2 This is the X-ray diffraction pattern of the trace gold self-supporting catalyst prepared on a graphite substrate in Example 1 of this invention.
[0023] Figure 3 This is a polarization curve of the trace gold self-supporting catalyst prepared in Example 1 of the present invention, supported on a graphite substrate, used as an electrode for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
[0024] Figure 4 This is a polarization curve of the trace gold self-supporting catalyst prepared in Example 2 of the present invention, supported on a graphite substrate, used as an electrode for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
[0025] Figure 5 This is a polarization curve of the trace gold self-supporting catalyst prepared in Example 3 of the present invention, supported on a graphite substrate, used as an electrode for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
[0026] Figure 6 This is a polarization curve of the trace gold self-supporting catalyst prepared in Example 4 of the present invention, supported on a graphite substrate, used as an electrode for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
[0027] Figure 7 This is a polarization curve of the trace gold self-supporting catalyst prepared in Example 5 of the present invention, supported on a graphite substrate, used as an electrode for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
[0028] Figure 8 This is a polarization curve of the trace gold self-supporting catalyst prepared in Example 6 of the present invention, supported on a graphite substrate, used as an electrode for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
[0029] Figure 9 This is a polarization curve of the trace gold self-supporting catalyst prepared in Example 7 of the present invention, supported on a graphite substrate, used as an electrode for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
[0030] Figure 10 This is a polarization curve of the trace gold self-supporting catalyst prepared in Example 8 of the present invention, supported on a graphite substrate, used as an electrode for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Detailed Implementation
[0031] Example 1 The in-situ preparation method of the trace gold self-supporting catalyst supported on a graphite substrate in this embodiment is as follows: S1. Add 1 mL of neutral polar solvent (distilled water) to 0.04 g of gold source (chloroauric acid), and sonicate for 10 min at an ultrasonic frequency of 50 kHz to obtain the precursor solution. S2. 2 μL of the precursor solution obtained in S1 was drop-coated onto a 1 cm × 1 cm graphite substrate (graphite sheet). After standing for 12 h at room temperature, a trace gold self-supporting catalyst pre-product loaded on the graphite substrate was obtained. S3. The trace gold self-supporting catalyst preform obtained in S2 and supported on the graphite substrate is washed with distilled water and dried at room temperature for 1 hour to obtain the trace gold self-supporting catalyst supported on the graphite substrate.
[0032] from Figure 1 As can be seen, the trace gold self-supporting catalyst loaded on the graphite substrate obtained in this embodiment has a three-dimensional heterostructure, which includes the three-dimensional structure provided by gold nanoparticles and graphite sheets. Figure 1 The gold nanoparticles in the sample have a particle size of approximately 3.5 nm. For example... Figure 2 X-ray diffraction patterns revealed only graphite-related peaks (002), (100), (101), (004), and (110), with no gold-related peaks observed. This indicates that the average particle size of the gold nanoparticles in the catalyst is smaller than the detection limit of X-ray diffraction (approximately less than 4 nm). Smaller gold nanoparticles have a higher surface atomic ratio, are rich in active sites such as step atoms and kink sites, and exhibit an upward shift in the d-band center, all of which enhance the catalytic effect.
[0033] The gold content of the catalyst obtained in this example was in the trace level (46.38 μg cm⁻¹). −2 This effectively reduces costs. The catalyst is a self-supporting electrode with high conductivity and mass transfer efficiency, strong structural and thermal stability, maximizing the utilization of active sites. The preparation process is in-situ at room temperature and can be directly used for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction. No binders or conductive agents are used throughout the process, avoiding the introduction of impurities that may affect the active sites. No other steps or additional energy are required, making the process simple and efficient.
[0034] The trace gold self-supporting catalyst prepared in this embodiment and supported on a graphite substrate is used for the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction.
[0035] A trace gold self-supported catalyst, measuring 1 cm × 1 cm and supported on a graphite sheet, was used as the working electrode. The electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction performance was measured using a conventional three-electrode system, with a Hg / Hg₂SO₄ / K₂SO₄(sat.) electrode as the reference electrode and a graphite electrode as the auxiliary electrode. The electrocatalytic performance was characterized by linear sweep voltammetry curves obtained at a scan rate of 5 mV / s. Figure 3 The potential in the middle is converted relative to the reversible hydrogen electrode, by Figure 3 The polarization curves show that the working electrode operates at a current density of 10 mA·cm⁻¹. -2 The hydrogen evolution overpotential is -0.098 V, and the current density is 100 mA·cm⁻¹. -2 The hydrogen evolution overpotential was -0.251 V, which is lower than the overpotential of common non-platinum hydrogen evolution catalysts at the corresponding current density, indicating that the working electrode has excellent electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance.
[0036] Example 2 The in-situ preparation method of the trace gold self-supporting catalyst in this embodiment is as follows: S1. Add 1 mL of neutral polar solvent (distilled water) to 0.08 g of gold source (chloroauric acid), and sonicate for 10 min at an ultrasonic frequency of 50 kHz to obtain the precursor solution. S2. 2 μL of the precursor solution obtained in S1 was drop-coated onto a 1 cm × 1 cm graphite substrate (graphite sheet). After standing for 12 h at room temperature, a trace gold self-supporting catalyst pre-product loaded on the graphite substrate was obtained. S3. The trace gold self-supporting catalyst preform obtained in S2 and supported on the graphite substrate is washed with distilled water and dried at room temperature for 1.5 h to obtain the trace gold self-supporting catalyst supported on the graphite substrate.
[0037] In this embodiment, the gold source can also be one or two of chloroauric acid, gold chloride, and sodium gold sulfite.
[0038] The graphite substrate in this embodiment can also be graphite paper, graphite cloth, graphite sheet, graphite block, graphite rod, or glassy carbon.
[0039] The trace gold self-supporting catalyst prepared in this embodiment and supported on a graphite substrate is used for the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction.
[0040] A trace gold self-supported catalyst (1 cm × 1 cm) supported on a graphite sheet was used as the working electrode. The electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction performance was measured using a conventional three-electrode system, with a Hg / Hg₂SO₄ / K₂SO₄ (sat.) electrode as the reference electrode and a graphite electrode as the auxiliary electrode. Linear sweep voltammetry curves measured at a scan rate of 5 mV / s were used to characterize the electrocatalytic performance. Figure 4 The working electrode is at a current density of 10 mA·cm⁻¹ -2 The hydrogen evolution overpotential is -0.092 V, and the current density is 100 mA·cm⁻¹. -2 The hydrogen evolution overpotential is -0.265 V.
[0041] Example 3 The in-situ preparation method of the trace gold self-supporting catalyst in this embodiment is as follows: S1. Add 1 mL of neutral polar solvent (distilled water) to 0.16 g of gold source (chloroauric acid), and sonicate for 10 min at an ultrasonic frequency of 50 kHz to obtain the precursor solution. S2. 1 μL of the precursor solution obtained in S1 was drop-coated onto a 1 cm × 1 cm graphite substrate (graphite sheet). After standing for 12 h at room temperature, a trace gold self-supporting catalyst pre-product loaded on the graphite substrate was obtained. S3. The trace gold self-supporting catalyst preform obtained in S2 and supported on the graphite substrate is washed with distilled water and dried at room temperature for 2 hours to obtain the trace gold self-supporting catalyst supported on the graphite substrate.
[0042] The trace gold self-supporting catalyst prepared in this embodiment and supported on a graphite substrate is used for the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction.
[0043] A trace gold self-supported catalyst (1 cm × 1 cm) supported on a graphite sheet was used as the working electrode. The electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction performance was measured using a conventional three-electrode system, with a Hg / Hg₂SO₄ / K₂SO₄ (sat.) electrode as the reference electrode and a graphite electrode as the auxiliary electrode. Linear sweep voltammetry curves measured at a scan rate of 5 mV / s were used to characterize the electrocatalytic performance. Figure 5 The working electrode is at a current density of 10 mA·cm⁻¹ -2 The hydrogen evolution overpotential is -0.092 V, and the current density is 100 mA·cm⁻¹. -2 The hydrogen evolution overpotential is -0.271 V.
[0044] Example 4 The in-situ preparation method of the trace gold self-supporting catalyst in this embodiment is as follows: S1. Add 1 mL of neutral polar solvent (distilled water) to 0.32 g of gold source (chloroauric acid), and sonicate for 10 min at an ultrasonic frequency of 50 kHz to obtain the precursor solution. S2. 1 μL of the precursor solution obtained in S1 was drop-coated onto a 1 cm × 2 cm graphite substrate (graphite sheet). After standing for 16 h at room temperature, a trace gold self-supporting catalyst pre-product loaded on the graphite substrate was obtained. S3. The trace gold self-supporting catalyst preform obtained in S2 and supported on the graphite substrate is washed with distilled water and dried at room temperature for 2 hours to obtain the trace gold self-supporting catalyst supported on the graphite substrate.
[0045] The trace gold self-supporting catalyst prepared in this embodiment and supported on a graphite substrate is used for the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction.
[0046] A trace gold self-supported catalyst (1 cm × 2 cm) supported on a graphite sheet was used as the working electrode. The electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction performance was measured using a conventional three-electrode system, with a Hg / Hg₂SO₄ / K₂SO₄ (sat.) electrode as the reference electrode and a graphite electrode as the auxiliary electrode. Linear sweep voltammetry curves obtained at a scan rate of 5 mV / s were used to characterize the electrocatalytic performance. Figure 6 The working electrode is at a current density of 10 mA·cm⁻¹ -2 The hydrogen evolution overpotential is -0.091 V, and the current density is 100 mA·cm⁻¹. -2 The hydrogen evolution overpotential is -0.271 V.
[0047] Example 5 The in-situ preparation method of the trace gold self-supporting catalyst in this embodiment is as follows: S1. Add 1 mL of neutral polar solvent (distilled water) to 0.4 g of gold source (chloroauric acid), and sonicate for 10 min at an ultrasonic frequency of 50 kHz to obtain the precursor solution. S2. 1 μL of the precursor solution obtained in S1 was drop-coated onto a 1 cm × 2 cm graphite substrate (graphite sheet). After standing for 16 h at room temperature, a trace gold self-supporting catalyst pre-product loaded on the graphite substrate was obtained. S3. The trace gold self-supporting catalyst preform obtained in S2 and supported on the graphite substrate is washed with distilled water and dried at room temperature for 2 hours to obtain the trace gold self-supporting catalyst supported on the graphite substrate.
[0048] The trace gold self-supporting catalyst prepared in this embodiment and supported on a graphite substrate is used for the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction.
[0049] A trace gold self-supported catalyst (1 cm × 2 cm) supported on a graphite sheet was used as the working electrode. The electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction performance was measured using a conventional three-electrode system, with a Hg / Hg₂SO₄ / K₂SO₄ (sat.) electrode as the reference electrode and a graphite electrode as the auxiliary electrode. Linear sweep voltammetry curves obtained at a scan rate of 5 mV / s were used to characterize the electrocatalytic performance. Figure 7 The working electrode is at a current density of 10 mA·cm⁻¹ -2The hydrogen evolution overpotential is -0.089 V, and the current density is 100 mA·cm⁻¹. -2 The hydrogen evolution overpotential is -0.260 V.
[0050] Example 6 The in-situ preparation method of the trace gold self-supporting catalyst in this embodiment is as follows: S1. Add 2 mL of neutral polar solvent (methanol aqueous solution) to 0.4 g of gold source (chloroauric acid), and sonicate for 10 min at an ultrasonic frequency of 50 kHz to obtain a precursor solution; the methanol aqueous solution is prepared by mixing methanol and distilled water in a volume ratio of 1:10. S2. 1 μL of the precursor solution obtained in S1 was drop-coated onto a 1 cm × 2 cm graphite substrate (graphite sheet). After standing for 24 h at room temperature, a trace gold self-supporting catalyst pre-product loaded on the graphite substrate was obtained. S3. The trace gold self-supporting catalyst preform obtained in S2 and supported on the graphite substrate is washed with distilled water and dried at room temperature for 1.5 h to obtain the trace gold self-supporting catalyst supported on the graphite substrate.
[0051] The trace gold self-supporting catalyst prepared in this embodiment and supported on a graphite substrate is used for the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction.
[0052] A trace gold self-supported catalyst (1 cm × 2 cm) supported on a graphite sheet was used as the working electrode. The electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction performance was measured using a conventional three-electrode system, Hg / Hg₂SO₄ / K₂SO₄. 4( Using a sat. electrode as the reference electrode and a graphite electrode as the auxiliary electrode, linear scan voltammetry curves measured at a scan rate of 5 mV / s were used to characterize its electrocatalytic performance. Figure 8 The working electrode is at a current density of 10 mA·cm⁻¹ -2 The hydrogen evolution overpotential is -0.095 V, and the current density is 100 mA·cm⁻¹. -2 The hydrogen evolution overpotential is -0.259 V.
[0053] Example 7 The in-situ preparation method of the trace gold self-supporting catalyst in this embodiment is as follows: S1. Add 5 mL of neutral polar solvent (ethanol aqueous solution) to 0.4 g of gold source (chloroauric acid), and sonicate for 10 min at an ultrasonic frequency of 50 kHz to obtain a precursor solution; the ethanol aqueous solution is prepared by mixing ethanol and distilled water in a volume ratio of 1:10. S2. 2 μL of the precursor solution obtained in S1 was drop-coated onto a 1 cm × 2 cm graphite substrate (graphite sheet). After standing for 24 h at room temperature, a trace gold self-supporting catalyst pre-product loaded on the graphite substrate was obtained. S3. The trace gold self-supporting catalyst preform obtained in S2 and supported on the graphite substrate is washed with distilled water and dried at room temperature for 1 hour to obtain the trace gold self-supporting catalyst supported on the graphite substrate.
[0054] The trace gold self-supporting catalyst prepared in this embodiment and supported on a graphite substrate is used for the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction.
[0055] A trace gold self-supported catalyst (1 cm × 2 cm) supported on a graphite sheet was used as the working electrode. The electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction performance was measured using a conventional three-electrode system, with a Hg / Hg₂SO₄ / K₂SO₄ (sat.) electrode as the reference electrode and a graphite electrode as the auxiliary electrode. Linear sweep voltammetry curves obtained at a scan rate of 5 mV / s were used to characterize the electrocatalytic performance. Figure 9 The working electrode is at a current density of 10 mA·cm⁻¹ -2 The hydrogen evolution overpotential is -0.099 V, and the current density is 100 mA·cm⁻¹. -2 The hydrogen evolution overpotential is -0.268 V.
[0056] Example 8 The in-situ preparation method of the trace gold self-supporting catalyst in this embodiment is as follows: S1. Add 10 mL of neutral polar solvent (ethanol aqueous solution) to 0.4 g of gold source (chloroauric acid), and sonicate for 10 min at an ultrasonic frequency of 50 kHz to obtain a precursor solution; the ethanol aqueous solution is prepared by mixing ethanol and distilled water in a volume ratio of 1:10. S2. 2 μL of the precursor solution obtained in S1 was drop-coated onto a 1 cm × 1 cm graphite substrate (graphite sheet). After standing for 24 h at room temperature, a trace gold self-supporting catalyst pre-product loaded on the graphite substrate was obtained. S3. The trace gold self-supporting catalyst preform obtained in S2 and supported on the graphite substrate is washed with distilled water and dried at room temperature for 1 hour to obtain the trace gold self-supporting catalyst supported on the graphite substrate.
[0057] The trace gold self-supporting catalyst prepared in this embodiment and supported on a graphite substrate is used for the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction.
[0058] A trace gold self-supported catalyst (1 cm × 1 cm) supported on a graphite sheet was used as the working electrode. The electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction performance was measured using a conventional three-electrode system, with a Hg / Hg₂SO₄ / K₂SO₄ (sat.) electrode as the reference electrode and a graphite electrode as the auxiliary electrode. Linear sweep voltammetry curves measured at a scan rate of 5 mV / s were used to characterize the electrocatalytic performance. Figure 10 The working electrode is at a current density of 10 mA·cm⁻¹ -2 The hydrogen evolution overpotential is -0.098 V, and the current density is 100 mA·cm⁻¹. -2 The hydrogen evolution overpotential is -0.264 V.
[0059] This invention provides a simple, in-situ, room-temperature method for preparing a trace gold self-supporting catalyst supported on a graphite substrate. The catalyst exhibits extremely low gold loading and low cost; it does not use any binders or conductive agents, ensuring good conductivity and preventing catalyst detachment or aggregation; the preparation method is simple and requires no additional energy. The obtained catalyst demonstrates high catalytic activity and strong stability, showing broad application prospects in the field of electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
[0060] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any way. Any simple modifications, alterations, and equivalent changes made to the above embodiments based on the inventive essence shall still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for in-situ preparation of a trace gold self-supporting catalyst supported on a graphite substrate, characterized in that, The method is as follows: S1. Add a neutral polar solvent to the gold source, and dissolve it by ultrasonication to obtain a precursor solution; S2. The precursor solution obtained in S1 is drop-coated onto a graphite substrate and allowed to react at room temperature to obtain a trace gold self-supporting catalyst pre-product supported on a graphite substrate. S3. The trace gold self-supporting catalyst preform obtained in S2 and supported on the graphite substrate is washed with distilled water and dried at room temperature to obtain the trace gold self-supporting catalyst supported on the graphite substrate.
2. The in-situ preparation method of a trace gold self-supporting catalyst supported on a graphite substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gold source mentioned in S1 is chloroauric acid.
3. The in-situ preparation method of a trace gold self-supporting catalyst supported on a graphite substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The neutral polar solvent mentioned in S1 is distilled water, methanol aqueous solution, or ethanol aqueous solution.
4. The in-situ preparation method of a trace gold self-supporting catalyst supported on a graphite substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ratio of the gold source and the neutral polar solvent in S1 is (0.04~0.4) g: 1 mL.
5. The in-situ preparation method of a trace gold self-supporting catalyst supported on a graphite substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conditions for S1 ultrasonic dissolution are: ultrasonic frequency 50kHz, ultrasonic time 10min.
6. The in-situ preparation method of a trace gold self-supporting catalyst supported on a graphite substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The graphite substrate mentioned in S2 is a graphite sheet.
7. The in-situ preparation method of a trace gold self-supporting catalyst supported on a graphite substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The static reaction time in S2 is 12h to 24h.
8. The in-situ preparation method of a trace gold self-supporting catalyst supported on a graphite substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drying time in S3 is 1 to 2 hours.
9. The application of a trace gold self-supporting catalyst prepared by the in-situ preparation method according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The trace gold self-supporting catalyst supported on a graphite substrate is used for the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction.
10. The application according to claim 9, characterized in that, When the trace gold self-supporting catalyst supported on a graphite substrate is used for the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction, the working electrode operates at a current density of 10 mA·cm⁻¹. -2 The hydrogen evolution overpotential ranges from -0.099 V to -0.089 V, and the current density is 100 mA·cm⁻¹. -2 The hydrogen evolution overpotential is -0.271 V to -0.251 V.