Low-temperature treatment method of raw goat wool
By using a low-temperature treatment method, combined with manual sorting, opening-dust removal, five-tank washing and drying steps, the problem of fiber damage and quality decline caused by high-temperature treatment is solved, and efficient and clean cashmere production is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511205207.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-08-27
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-21
AI Technical Summary
Existing cashmere washing processes rely on high-temperature treatment, which can lead to fiber damage, felting, and yellowing. Furthermore, high temperatures are not effective at removing cashmere grease, affecting fiber quality and subsequent processing.
The process employs a low-temperature treatment method, including manual sorting, loosening and dust removal, five-tank washing and drying. It utilizes low-temperature washing at 25-32℃, precise control of detergent dosage and temperature, and high-temperature steam and circulating water heat exchange to ensure that the temperature is within a reasonable range. This is combined with manual re-sorting to remove impurities.
It effectively removes impurities, protects the fiber structure, improves purity and fluffiness, reduces fiber damage, and ensures the production of high-quality washed velvet.
Smart Images
Figure CN120989735A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of wool processing, and particularly relates to a low-temperature treatment method of goat raw cashmere. BACKGROUND
[0002] As a kind of rare animal fiber, goat cashmere occupies an irreplaceable position in the high-end textile field due to its excellent characteristics of lightness, softness, flexibility and warmth, and is widely used in the production of luxury goods such as high-grade cashmere sweaters, scarves and shawls, and is favored by global consumers. However, goat cashmere has significant congenital defects, such as extremely fine fiber fineness, short length and poor heat resistance, which brings many technical problems to its processing and treatment.
[0003] In the processing of goat cashmere, washing is a key step to determine the quality of the subsequent process, which aims to remove impurities such as cashmere fat, dust and skin in the raw cashmere, and lay a foundation for the processes of carding and spinning. The traditional washing uses high temperature above 40℃, which has obvious drawbacks: it easily damages the molecular structure of the fiber, resulting in a decrease in fiber strength and elongation; it causes the fiber to felt and entangle into a felt bundle that is difficult to untangle, increasing the difficulty of carding and the fiber loss rate; it also causes the fiber to yellow, affecting the appearance quality and commercial value.
[0004] In the prior art, the washing process relies on high-temperature conditions mainly to remove the high-melting-point cashmere fat contained in the raw cashmere, which has a melting point range of 41-52℃. As a kind of natural waxy substance, if the cashmere fat cannot be effectively removed, it will adhere to the surface of the fiber, affecting the spinnability and dyeing performance of the fiber. However, high-temperature treatment further aggravates the damage to goat cashmere fiber while removing the cashmere fat, resulting in a significant decrease in carding efficiency, an increase in the short fiber rate after carding, and thus affecting the yarn evenness, strength and other indicators in the subsequent spinning process, ultimately leading to a decrease in the quality of finished products.
[0005] In summary, the existing goat cashmere washing process has the problems of fiber damage, felting and color yellowing caused by high temperature, and the quality is deteriorated due to the reliance on high temperature to remove cashmere fat, which restricts the high-quality development of the goat cashmere industry. Therefore, a goat cashmere washing pretreatment process that can efficiently remove impurities at low temperature, cause little damage to the fiber and has good environmental performance is needed to solve the technical problems in the field. SUMMARY
[0006] The present application provides a low-temperature treatment method of goat raw cashmere to solve the problems of fiber damage, felting and color yellowing caused by high temperature in the existing goat cashmere washing process, and quality deterioration due to the reliance on high temperature to remove cashmere fat.
[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the basic scheme provided by the present application is: a low-temperature treatment method of goat raw cashmere, comprising the following steps: S1: manual sorting of raw cashmere, removing off-color fibers and obvious impurities, and classifying the raw cashmere into white cashmere, green cashmere and purple cashmere, while adding 1.5-3.0 kg of cleaning agent to the second and third tanks of the five-tank washing machine, and setting the stirring time for 15 min, so that the cleaning agent is mixed with the soft water in the tank; S2: putting the classified raw cashmere of the same type into the opening-dusting device for preliminary opening and removing dust and impurities attached to the surface of the cashmere fibers; S3: immersing the raw cashmere after opening and dusting treatment into the first tank of the five-tank washing machine, and controlling the movement of the raw cashmere to the second tank at a speed of 0.5-0.7 m / min; S4: washing the raw cashmere after immersion in the first tank in the second and third tanks in turn, controlling the water temperature in the second and third tanks to 25-32 DEG C by using high-temperature steam, adding 0.87-1 kg of cleaning agent every 30 min during the washing process, and controlling the movement to the fourth tank at a speed of 0.6-0.8 m / min; S5: rinsing the cashmere after washing in the third tank in the fourth and fifth tanks in turn, and controlling the cashmere to move out of the five-tank washing machine at a speed of 0.7-0.9 m / min; S6: the cashmere moved out of the five-tank washing machine is pressed by the press roller to squeeze out 50%-60% of the solution, and then enters the dryer for drying, the temperature of the dryer is controlled at 70-80 DEG C, and the drying time is controlled at 5-8 min, to form clean cashmere; S7: the clean cashmere moved out of the dryer is re-picked to remove residual off-color and impurity fibers, and enters the carding stage after re-picking.
[0008] The working principle of the present application is that the process realizes the cleaning treatment of raw cashmere through multiple steps. First, the off-color fibers and impurities are removed by manual sorting and classification, and the tank body of the washing machine is pretreated; then the surface dust and impurities of the raw cashmere are preliminarily removed by the opening-dusting device to improve the purity and bulkiness of the fibers, laying a foundation for subsequent washing; then the five-tank washing machine is used for staged treatment, after immersion in the first tank, the second and third tanks are washed at a low temperature of 25-32 DEG C, the cleaning agent is added at a certain time, and the movement speed of the raw cashmere is controlled to realize deep washing, and the fourth and fifth tanks are further rinsed; then the water is removed by the press roller, the temperature and time are controlled for drying, and finally the residual impurities are removed by re-picking to form clean cashmere, and the whole process is precisely controlled by temperature, speed and cleaning agent addition, realizing efficient cleaning in a low-temperature environment.
[0009] The application has the beneficial effects that: the process effectively reduces the impurity fibers and improves the purity of cashmere through artificial sorting and double control of sorting; the low-temperature washing of 25-32 DEG C avoids the damage of high temperature to the structure of cashmere fibers, and protects the natural fluffiness and excellent properties; the opening-dust removal pretreatment combined with the slot washing and rinsing improves the cleaning efficiency while reducing the impurity residues; the reasonable setting of the drying parameters ensures the dehydration effect and avoids the fiber brittleness caused by excessive drying; the whole process improves the quality of the washed cashmere while reducing the damage to the natural quality of cashmere through precise control, and is suitable for the processing of high-quality cashmere.
[0010] In scheme two, which is a preferred scheme of the basic scheme, in step S1, the cleaning agent is composed of high-grade fatty alcohol sulfate salt anionic detergent and non-ionic detergent in a ratio of 3:1-5:1. The cleaning agent can play a synergistic effect by compounding anionic and non-ionic detergents in a specific ratio, thereby enhancing the removal capacity of impurities in raw cashmere. The non-ionic detergent is composed of F127, Mao Nengjing and the like, which is suitable for low-temperature washing process and improves the washing effect.
[0011] In scheme three, which is a preferred scheme of the basic scheme, in step S4, the final amount of the cleaning agent is controlled to be 14-16 kg. The water amount in each slot of the five-slot washing machine is 3.3 t, the final amount of the cleaning agent in the second slot is controlled to be 14 kg, and the final amount of the cleaning agent in the third slot is controlled to be 16 kg, which can effectively remove the impurities in raw cashmere and avoid the increase of cost and potential adverse effects on cashmere fibers caused by excessive use of the cleaning agent, thereby achieving a balance between washing effect and economy.
[0012] In scheme four, which is a preferred scheme of scheme three, in step S6, the clean soft water enters the five slots, the solution squeezed out from the cashmere at the end of the five slots is circulated to the fourth slot, the solution squeezed out from the end of the fourth slot is circulated to the third slot in step S4, the solution squeezed out from the end of the third slot is circulated to the second slot, and the solution squeezed out from the end of the second slot is circulated to the first slot in step S3, and the whole washing process is controlled to be 25-30 min.
[0013] In scheme five, which is a preferred scheme of scheme four, in step S4, the specific method of using high-temperature steam to control the water temperature is that: the high-temperature steam pipeline is in contact with the circulating water, when the water temperature in the second and third slots is detected to be less than 25 DEG C, the high-temperature steam is used to exchange heat with the circulating water, and the heated circulating water enters the second or third slot. In this process, the temperature in the slot is monitored in real time, and the temperature is kept not more than 32 DEG C. This method can accurately control the water temperature in the second and third slots in the low-temperature range of 25-32 DEG C by using high-temperature steam to exchange heat with the circulating water and monitoring the temperature in real time, thereby avoiding the damage of over-temperature to cashmere fibers, and stabilizing the washing environment to ensure the washing effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0014] Figure 1This is a flowchart of a low-temperature treatment method for raw cashmere according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0015] Example The implementation examples are basically as follows Figure 1 As shown: A method for low-temperature treatment of raw cashmere, comprising the following steps: S1: Manually sort the raw fleece to remove discolored fibers and obvious impurities, classifying the raw fleece into white fleece, blue fleece, and purple fleece. At the same time, add 1.5-3.0 kg of detergent to the second and third tanks of the five-tank fleece washing machine and set a stirring time of 15 minutes. Mix the detergent with the soft water in the tank. The detergent is composed of high-grade fatty alcohol sulfate salt anionic detergent and nonionic detergent in a ratio of 3:1-5:1. S2: Place the sorted raw fibers of the same type into an opening-dust removal device for preliminary opening and removal of dust and impurities adhering to the surface of the fibers; improve the purity and bulkiness of the fibers. S3: After the opening and dust removal treatment, the raw wool is immersed in the first tank of the five-tank wool washing machine, and the raw wool is moved to the second tank at a speed of 0.5-0.7m / min. S4: After being soaked in the first tank, the cashmere is sequentially washed in the second and third tanks. High-temperature steam is used to control the water temperature in the second and third tanks at 25-32℃. During the washing process, 0.87-1kg of detergent is added every 30 minutes, with the final amount of detergent added controlled at 14-16kg. The detergent is moved to the fourth tank at a speed of 0.6-0.8m / min. The specific method of controlling the water temperature using high-temperature steam is as follows: the high-temperature steam pipeline is in contact with the circulating water. When the water temperature in the second and third tanks is detected to be <25℃, the high-temperature steam is used to exchange heat with the circulating water. The heated circulating water enters the second or third tank. During this process, the temperature in the tank is monitored in real time to keep the temperature below 32℃. S5: After washing in the three tanks, the cashmere enters the fourth and fifth tanks for rinsing in sequence. The cashmere is discharged from the fifth tank cashmere washing machine at a speed of 0.7-0.9 m / min. S6: Clean soft water enters the fifth tank. The cashmere discharged from the fifth tank washing machine is squeezed out by the pressure rollers, and then enters the dryer for drying. The temperature of the dryer is controlled at 70-80℃ and the drying time is controlled at 5-8 minutes to form clean cashmere. The solution squeezed out from the cashmere at the end of the fifth tank is circulated to the fourth tank. The solution squeezed out from the end of the fourth tank is circulated to the third tank in step S4. The solution squeezed out from the end of the third tank is circulated to the second tank. The solution squeezed out from the end of the second tank is circulated to the first tank in step S3. The entire cashmere washing process is controlled at 25-30 minutes. S7: The washed lint discharged from the dryer is sorted again, and residual discolored and foreign fibers are manually removed. After sorting, it enters the combing stage.
[0016] The embodiment of the present application is: The specific implementation of the low-temperature washing process of the raw cashmere is as follows: first, the raw cashmere is manually sorted, and the off-color fibers and obvious impurities are removed and classified into white cashmere, green cashmere, and purple cashmere. Among them, the white cashmere is white hair white cashmere, the green cashmere is black hair white cashmere / red hair white cashmere, and the purple cashmere is black hair black cashmere. At the same time, a cleaning agent compounded from a high-grade fatty alcohol sulfate salt anionic detergent and a non-ionic detergent at a ratio of 3:1 is added to the five-tank washing machine, 1.5 kg is added to the second tank, and 3.0 kg is added to the third tank, and stirred for 15 min to mix with the soft water in the tank. Then, raw cashmere of the same type is put into the opening-dusting equipment to be initially opened and to remove surface dust and impurities to improve purity and fluffiness. The treated raw cashmere is soaked in the first tank of the five-tank washing machine, and moved to the second tank at a speed of 0.5 m / min. The cashmere soaked in the first tank is sequentially washed in the second and third tanks, and heated by high-temperature steam and circulating water. When the water temperature is <25℃, heating is added, and real-time monitoring is not more than 32℃. During the washing process, 0.87 kg of cleaning agent is added to the second tank and 1 kg of cleaning agent is added to the third tank every 30 min, and moved to the fourth tank at a speed of 0.7 m / min. Then, it is rinsed in the fourth and fifth tanks, and discharged at a speed of 0.9 m / min. During the process, clean soft water is supplied to the five tanks, and the solution is circulated along the path of the end of the fifth tank→the end of the fourth tank, the end of the third tank, the end of the second tank, and the end of the first tank. The cashmere discharged from the end of the fifth tank is squeezed by a press roller to remove 60% of the solution, and then dried in a 70℃ drying machine for 8 min to form washed cashmere. The whole washing process is controlled within 25 min. Finally, the washed cashmere discharged from the drying machine is manually re-picked to remove residual off-color and heterogeneous fibers, and then enters the carding stage.
[0017] Comparative Example 1 The water temperature in the second and third tanks of the washing machine is controlled at 33-45℃, and the content of the cleaning agent remains unchanged. It is found that when the temperature is 38-40℃, the cystine bond of the cashmere fiber is broken, the fiber becomes brittle and easy to break, affecting the toughness and durability of the cashmere. Moreover, at this temperature, the erosion of the anion in the cleaning agent to the scales on the surface of the cashmere fiber is greatly enhanced, and the cashmere surface is easy to form pills.
[0018] Comparative Example 2 The water temperature in the second and third tanks of the washing machine is controlled at <25℃, and the content of the cleaning agent remains unchanged. It is found that when the temperature is 15-24℃, the oil and stains attached to the surface of the cashmere are not fully emulsified and decomposed, the washing effect is not good, the cleaning agent does not fully contact with the cashmere fiber, and the impurities are not completely removed, resulting in a decrease in the quality of the washed cashmere. In addition, when the water temperature is <25℃, the solubility of the cleaning agent is affected, which reduces the washing effect and the purity and fluffiness of the washed cashmere.
[0019] According to the comparative example one and the comparative example two, it is found that the accurate control of the water temperature in the second and third tanks of the washing machine in the range of 25-32℃ is the key to realize the low-temperature and high-efficiency washing. The temperature interval can effectively remove the impurities such as oil and stains on the surface of cashmere fibers, and can also avoid the damage of high temperature to cashmere fibers, and protect the natural characteristics of cashmere fibers, so as to ensure the high quality of the washed cashmere.
[0020] The above-mentioned is only the embodiment of the present application, and the well-known specific structure and characteristics in the scheme are not described too much. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present application, a number of modifications and improvements can be made, which should also be considered as the protection scope of the present application, which will not affect the effect and practicality of the patent. The protection scope claimed in the present application should be subject to the content of its claims, and the specific implementation mode and the like recorded in the specification can be used to explain the content of the claims.
Claims
1. A method for low-temperature treatment of raw cashmere, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Manually sort the raw fleece to remove discolored fibers and obvious impurities, classifying the raw fleece into white fleece, blue fleece, and purple fleece. At the same time, add 1.5-3.0 kg of detergent to the second and third tanks of the five-tank fleece washing machine and set a stirring time of 15 minutes to mix the detergent with the soft water in the tank. S2: Place the sorted raw fibers of the same type into the opening-dust removal equipment for preliminary opening and removal of dust and impurities adhering to the surface of the fibers; S3: After the opening and dust removal treatment, the raw wool is immersed in the first tank of the five-tank wool washing machine, and the raw wool is moved to the second tank at a speed of 0.5-0.7m / min. S4: After being soaked in the first tank, the cashmere is sequentially washed in the second and third tanks. The water temperature in the second and third tanks is controlled at 25-32℃ using high-temperature steam. During the washing process, 0.87-1kg of detergent is added every 30 minutes, and the cashmere is moved to the fourth tank at a speed of 0.6-0.8m / min. S5: After washing in the three tanks, the cashmere enters the fourth and fifth tanks for rinsing in sequence. The cashmere is discharged from the fifth tank cashmere washing machine at a speed of 0.7-0.9 m / min. S6: The cashmere discharged from the five-tank cashmere washing machine is pressed down by the pressure rollers to squeeze out 50%-60% of the solution, and then enters the dryer for drying. The temperature of the dryer is controlled at 70-80℃ and the drying time is controlled at 5-8 minutes to form washed cashmere. S7: The washed lint discharged from the dryer is sorted again, and residual discolored and foreign fibers are manually removed. After sorting, it enters the combing stage.
2. The low-temperature treatment method for raw cashmere according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the detergent is composed of anionic detergents and nonionic detergents of high fatty alcohol sulfate salts in a ratio of 3:1 to 5:
1.
3. The low-temperature treatment method for raw cashmere according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the final amount of detergent added is controlled at 14-16 kg.
4. The low-temperature treatment method for raw cashmere according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S6, clean soft water enters the fifth tank. The solution squeezed from the cashmere at the end of the fifth tank is circulated to the fourth tank. The solution squeezed from the end of the fourth tank is circulated to the third tank in step S4. The solution squeezed from the end of the third tank is circulated to the second tank. The solution squeezed from the end of the second tank is circulated to the first tank in step S3. The entire cashmere washing process is controlled within 25-30 minutes.
5. The low-temperature treatment method for raw cashmere according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S4, the specific method of using high-temperature steam to control water temperature is as follows: the high-temperature steam pipeline is in contact with the circulating water. When the water temperature in the second and third tanks is detected to be <25℃, the high-temperature steam is used to exchange heat with the circulating water. The heated circulating water enters the second or third tank. During this process, the temperature in the tank is monitored in real time.