Integral abutment adopting front-supporting and rear-fixing structure

Abstract

The invention discloses an integral bridge abutment adopting a front-supporting and rear-fixing structure, and belongs to the technical field of integral bridge abutments. Comprising a supporting platform base, a rear platform body fixing supporting wall and a front platform body supporting wall are assembled on the surface of the supporting platform base, the rear platform body fixing supporting wall is assembled on the side close to a soil body and plays a role in consolidation, the front platform body supporting wall is assembled on the side away from the soil body and plays a role in supporting, and a platform body of the rear platform body fixing supporting wall is thicker than that of the front platform body supporting wall. The self-cleaning drainage structure driven by wind power is combined with the design of cooperative stress of the double abutment bodies, the long-term stability of the integral abutment in the water accumulation environment is improved, and the fan rod is driven to rotate to continuously clean the inner wall of the drainage channel by means of the airflow characteristic of the channel under the bridge aiming at the problems that a traditional drainage hole is prone to being blocked and difficult to maintain in the prior art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of integral bridge abutment technology, and more specifically, to an integral bridge abutment with a front-supported and rear-fixed structure. Background Technology

[0002] As a key component of integral bridges, monolithic abutments are widely used in highway bridge engineering. Their main function is to rigidly connect with the main girder, forming a continuous structural system without expansion joints to improve the overall integrity of the bridge and driving comfort. However, this jointless design also means that the abutment must simultaneously bear the dual role of deformation adaptation and resistance to soil and water pressure behind the abutment. Especially in areas with high embankments or heavy rainfall, water accumulation behind the abutment can significantly increase soil pressure, thus affecting the long-term stability of the abutment. Therefore, drainage performance has become an indispensable aspect of monolithic abutment design, and its quality directly affects the prevention and control of common defects such as abutment slab settlement and abutment cracking.

[0003] In practical applications, when the backfill behind the abutment becomes saturated due to rainwater infiltration or groundwater accumulation, the presence of water not only increases the active earth pressure but also softens the backfill material, reducing its internal friction angle and causing the abutment to bear additional horizontal thrust. Existing technologies often use drainage holes in the abutment body to drain the accumulated water. However, traditional drainage structures cannot provide real-time feedback on the water accumulation in the backfill area behind the abutment. Due to the uncontrollable deformation of the abutment under temperature and load, the drainage structure can easily become disconnected from the abutment body, failing to work in tandem.

[0004] Ultimately, existing drainage designs only focus on passively diverting accumulated water, lacking the ability to monitor and actively control the stress distribution on the near-soil side of the abutment. Drainage holes are prone to clogging due to the lack of self-cleaning function, making maintenance difficult and limiting the long-term performance of integral bridge abutments in complex environments to some extent. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide an integral bridge abutment with a front-supported and rear-fixed structure, which aims to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0006] To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution.

[0007] An integral bridge abutment with a front-supported and rear-fixed structure includes a supporting pier base. The surface of the supporting pier base is assembled with a rear-fixed abutment support wall and a front-supported abutment support wall. The rear-fixed abutment support wall is assembled on the side closer to the soil and serves a consolidation function. The front-supported abutment support wall is assembled on the side away from the soil and serves a support function. The rear-fixed abutment support wall is thicker than the front-supported abutment support wall, and the rear-fixed abutment support wall and the front-supported abutment support wall are arranged in parallel to support the main beam of the top abutment. The surface of the rear support wall is equipped with several first drainage modules arranged in rows. Each first drainage module includes a second assembly plate. Each second assembly plate is equipped with a drainage unit. Each drainage unit includes a drainage channel that extends downward from the side near the soil to the side of the front support wall. Each drainage channel is equipped with a second drainage module for clearing the channel. An embedded rotating rod that meshes with the second drainage module is movably installed on the side of the drainage channel. The embedded rotating rod extends horizontally from the side of the rear fixed platform support wall away from the soil, and a fan rod is fixedly installed on the protruding end. The fan rod is driven by wind power to drive the second drainage module to open the drainage channel.

[0008] As a further aspect of the present invention: the second hydrophobic module includes an inner nested ring fixedly installed in the middle position inside the hydrophobic channel. A toothed ring sleeve is movably installed on the inner nested ring. The inner ring surface of the toothed ring sleeve is flush with the inner wall of the inner nested ring. A toothed edge is fixedly installed on the outer ring surface of the toothed ring sleeve. A cavity is reserved inside the second assembly plate for the outer toothed edge of the toothed ring sleeve to rotate. The end of the embedded rotating rod away from the fan rod extends into the cavity for the outer toothed edge of the toothed ring sleeve to rotate and is fixedly installed with a conical gear sleeve. The conical gear sleeve meshes with the outer toothed edge of the toothed ring sleeve.

[0009] As a further aspect of the present invention: the second hydrophobic module further includes a cavity frame fixedly connected to the inner ring surface of the toothed ring sleeve. A cavity rod is fixedly installed at the center of the cavity frame. The cavity rod is arranged horizontally along the inner opening of the hydrophobic channel. A row of flexible brushes attached to the inner wall of the hydrophobic channel is fixedly installed on the body of the cavity rod. A reverse filter layer is configured on the side of the hydrophobic channel near the soil. A third hydrophobic module for cleaning scale is configured on the cavity rod near the side end of the reverse filter layer.

[0010] As a further aspect of the present invention: the third hydrophobic module includes a spherical magnetic hinge head fixedly installed on the side end of the cavity rod. The spherical magnetic hinge head is composed of a concave magnetic base and a magnetic sphere recessed inside the concave magnetic base. Two sets of torsion sleeves spaced 180 degrees apart are fixedly installed on the surface of the magnetic sphere. A cavity storage plate is assembled on the torsion end of each torsion sleeve. Under the torsion force of the torsion sleeve, the cavity storage plates on both sides always have a force that moves towards the filter layer. The cavity storage plates each contain an internal pull-out partition.

[0011] As a further aspect of the present invention: both the inner pull-out partition and the cavity storage plate are equipped with a cleaning structure similar to a flexible brush on the side facing the reverse filter layer. Both sides of the cavity storage plate away from the reverse filter layer are fixedly installed with an elastic reset rod. The telescopic end of the elastic reset rod is connected to the side end of the inner pull-out partition on the same side, and a guide ball sleeve that fits against the inner wall of the drainage channel is fixedly installed on the connecting end face. The top of the rear fixed platform support wall and the front support platform support wall are assembled into one piece through an arc-shaped cross section. Several first rigid crossbeams arranged in rows are fixedly installed on the opposite sides of the rear fixed platform support wall and the front support platform support wall at the bottom of the drainage channel.

[0012] As a further aspect of the present invention: several main beam horizontal detection mechanisms are arranged in a row at the top of the front support wall near the main beam of the bridge abutment, and a second rigid beam that works in conjunction with the main beam horizontal detection mechanism is also configured on the opposite side of the rear support wall and the front support wall at the position above the first rigid beam. The second rigid beam includes an H-shaped beam, and a limiting guide sleeve is fixedly installed on both opposite end faces of the H-shaped beam. A magnetic detection side plate is fixedly installed in each of the limiting guide sleeves. Guide plates for forming the beam are fixedly connected at the upper and lower positions of both opposite end faces of the H-shaped beam, and a guide rail is opened at the middle position of the surface of the guide plate.

[0013] As a further aspect of the present invention: the main beam horizontal detection mechanism includes a first hinge plate movably hinged to the top position of the front abutment support wall on the side away from the rear fixed abutment support wall, and several first assembly plates, each flush with the first hinge plate, are fixedly installed at the position of the bottom surface of the main beam of the abutment at the top of the front abutment support wall. A traction beam is fixedly assembled at the bottom of each of the first assembly plates. The traction beam and the flush first hinge plates form a Y-shaped structure inclined towards the front abutment support wall, and a first... The second hinge plate is slidably assembled at the center of the second rigid crossbeam via guide rails on the upper and lower guide plates. A return spring sleeve is fixedly installed in the guide rails of both the upper and lower guide plates to push the second hinge plate away from the support wall of the rear platform. An expansion cavity rod is fixedly installed on the side of the second hinge plate facing the limit guide rail sleeves on both sides. A first bearing collar is movably installed on the protruding end of the expansion cavity rod and is movably locked in the limit guide rail sleeve. A first detection probe with an output end pointing towards the magnetic detection side plate is fixedly installed on each first bearing collar on each side.

[0014] As a further aspect of the present invention: a displacement feedback unit is configured inside the second assembly plate at a position directly above the displacement feedback channel. The displacement feedback unit includes a displacement feedback channel that slopes downward from one side of the front support wall to the soil side. The displacement feedback channel and the drainage channel directly below form a figure-eight structure. A connecting channel leading to the drainage channel directly below is opened at the middle position inside the displacement feedback channel. The accumulated water entering the displacement feedback channel is diverted to the drainage channel through the connecting channel. The connecting path of the connecting channel is connected to the cavity for the outer tooth edge of the toothed ring to rotate. A reserved opening communicating with the inner cavity of the cavity frame is opened on the side of the toothed ring. The inner cavity of the cavity frame is connected with the inner cavity of the cavity rod. Several drainage openings are sequentially opened on the side of the cavity rod.

[0015] As a further aspect of the present invention: the displacement feedback unit further includes a partition arc plate fixedly installed at the middle position inside each displacement feedback channel. The side of the partition arc plate is tangent to the connecting channel. A horizontal telescopic channel is opened on the side of the displacement feedback channel near the soil. A protective ring is fixedly installed on the outer end of the telescopic channel. A scraping soft rubber ring is assembled inside the telescopic channel near the protective ring. A second bearing collar is slidably installed inside the displacement feedback channel in the cavity formed by the partition arc plate and the protective ring. A plurality of balls that fit against the inner wall of the displacement feedback channel are sequentially arranged on the outer ring of the second bearing collar. A third hinge plate is hinged to the side of the second bearing collar facing the partition arc plate.

[0016] As a further aspect of the present invention: the third hinge plate moves through the partition arc plate and is hinged to the outer surface of the second hinge plate on the side flush with it; the second bearing collar is hinged to the side facing the protective ring with a fourth hinge plate; a second detection probe is hinged to the extended end of the fourth hinge plate and is slidably sleeved in the telescopic channel; the second detection probe is cylindrical in shape and the detection ends of the second detection probe are arranged in a circular shape on the outer ring surface.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided by the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: (1) This solution combines a wind-driven self-cleaning drainage structure with a double-body synergistic force design to improve the long-term stability of the integral bridge abutment in a waterlogged environment. In response to the problems of easy clogging and difficult maintenance of traditional drainage holes in the existing technology, the airflow characteristics of the under-bridge channel are used to drive the fan rod to rotate. The gear transmission drives the cavity rod and tough brush to continuously clean the inner wall of the drainage channel. At the same time, the spherical magnetic hinged sleeve head is linked to the descaling module to scrape the surface of the filter layer, converting natural wind power into mechanical cleaning force, realizing active maintenance of the drainage channel, avoiding the reduction of drainage efficiency caused by fine particle accumulation, and solving the problem of maintenance lag caused by the reliance on manual dredging in traditional drainage structures.

[0018] (2) Through the linkage monitoring mechanism of main beam displacement and soil condition, the real-time feedback of the abutment stress state is realized. When the main beam is displaced due to temperature change, the traction beam rod drives the detection probe to move synchronously through the hinge mechanism. The first detection probe accurately records the horizontal displacement of the main beam. At the same time, the displacement is transmitted to the second detection probe through the universal joint structure, so that it extends out of the contact platform to detect the soil pressure and seepage parameters. The invisible structural deformation is transformed into quantifiable soil condition data, which overcomes the defect of the existing technology that cannot perceive the water and soil pressure changes behind the abutment in real time, and provides multi-dimensional data support for the assessment of the health status of the abutment.

[0019] (3) By adopting a collaborative working mode based on drainage cleaning and condition monitoring, the system’s adaptability in complex environments has been improved. Cross-validation of monitoring data can identify the causes of displacement anomalies, such as soil softening or water pressure, forming a closed loop for structural diagnosis. This integrates drainage maintenance and structural monitoring functions within a limited space, significantly enhancing the overall bridge abutment’s responsiveness to changes in the hydrological environment and extending the structural service life. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and form part of the specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the specification, further serve to explain the principles of the invention and enable those skilled in the art to practice and use the invention.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a partial schematic diagram of the rear support wall of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled state of the second rigid crossbeam and main beam horizontal detection mechanism of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the first hydrophobic module of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second assembly plate of the present invention in a half-sectional view; Figure 6 for Figure 5 Enlarged structural diagram at point A; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second hydrophobic module of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the third hydrophobic module of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the cavity rod of the present invention in a half-sectional view.

[0022] Figure Labels 1. Supporting platform base; 2. Rear fixed platform support wall; 3. Front support platform support wall; 4. First rigid crossbeam; 5. Second rigid crossbeam; 51. H-shaped crossbeam; 52. Limiting guide sleeve; 53. Magnetic detection side plate; 54. Guide plate; 6. Main beam horizontal detection mechanism; 61. First hinge plate; 62. Traction beam rod; 63. First assembly plate; 64. Second hinge plate; 65. Return spring sleeve; 66. Expansion cavity rod; 67. First bearing collar; 68. First detection probe; 7. First hydrophobic module; 71. Second assembly board; 72. Displacement feedback unit; 721. Displacement feedback channel; 722. Separating arc plate; 723. Connecting channel; 724. Second bearing collar; 725. Third hinge plate; 726. Fourth hinge plate; 727. Telescopic channel; 728. Protective ring; 729. Scratching soft rubber ring; 7210. Second detection probe; 73. Drainage unit; 731. Drainage channel; 732. Embedded rotating rod; 733. Fan rod; 734. Bevel gear sleeve; 8. Second hydrophobic module; 81. Inner nested ring; 82. Toothed ring sleeve; 83. Reserved opening; 84. Cavity skeleton; 85. Cavity rod; 86. Flexible brush; 87. Drainage opening; 9. Third hydrophobic module; 91. Spherical magnetic hinge head; 92. Cavity storage plate; 93. Elastic reset rod; 94. Guide spherical sleeve; 95. Internal pull-out partition.

[0023] As shown in the figure, specific structures and devices are marked in the figure to clearly illustrate the structure of the embodiments of the present invention. However, this is only for illustrative purposes and is not intended to limit the present invention to this specific structure, device and environment. Those skilled in the art can adjust or modify these devices and environments according to specific needs. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The following is a detailed description of an integral bridge abutment with a front-supported and rear-fixed structure provided by the present invention, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, to make the embodiments more detailed, the following embodiments are the best and preferred embodiments; other alternative methods can be used by those skilled in the art for some well-known technologies. Furthermore, the accompanying drawings are only for more specific description of the embodiments and are not intended to specifically limit the present invention.

[0025] like Figures 1 to 9As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides an integral bridge abutment with a front-supported and rear-fixed structure, including a support base 1. The surface of the support base 1 is assembled with a rear-fixed abutment support wall 2 and a front-supported abutment support wall 3. The rear-fixed abutment support wall 2 is assembled on the side closer to the soil and plays a consolidation role. The front-supported abutment support wall 3 is assembled on the side away from the soil and plays a supporting role. The rear-fixed abutment support wall 2 is thicker than the front-supported abutment support wall 3, and the rear-fixed abutment support wall 2 and the front-supported abutment support wall 3 are arranged in parallel to support the main beam of the top abutment. The surface of the rear support wall 2 is equipped with several rows of first drainage modules 7. Each first drainage module 7 includes a second assembly plate 71. Each second assembly plate 71 is equipped with a drainage unit 73. Each drainage unit 73 includes a drainage channel 731 that extends downward from the side near the soil to the side of the front support wall 3. Each drainage channel 731 is equipped with a second drainage module 8 for clearing the channel. An embedded rotating rod 732 that meshes with the second drainage module 8 is movably installed on the side of the drainage channel 731. The embedded rotating rod 732 extends horizontally from the side of the rear fixed platform support wall 2 away from the soil, and a fan rod 733 is fixedly installed on the protruding end. The fan rod 733 is driven by wind power to drive the second drainage module 8 to open the drainage channel 731.

[0026] To address the problems of passive and inefficient drainage design in existing traditional integral bridge abutments, which cannot detect and actively adapt to changes in water accumulation behind the abutment in real time, are prone to clogging and difficult to maintain, and result in insufficient stability of the abutment in complex hydrological environments, the above-mentioned technical solution is adopted. The above-mentioned technical solution mainly consists of a supporting abutment base 1, a rear fixed abutment support wall 2, a front abutment support wall 3, a first drainage module 7, and a second drainage module 8. The supporting abutment base 1 is a foundation support structure that is driven into the pile foundation according to the design pile length and cast in the existing technology, and is used to support and fix the rear fixed abutment support wall 2 and the front abutment support wall 3. The rear support wall 2 is located on the near-soil side. Since its main function is soil retention and consolidation, the rear support wall is thicker than the front support wall. The front support wall 3 is located on the far-soil side and does not directly contact the soil; therefore, it is thinner. Its main function is to distribute the load to the foundation. Under asymmetrical loads, the front support wall can adjust the load distribution through its own stiffness, preventing excessive stress concentration on the rear support wall. The rear support wall 2 and front support wall 3 are essentially two parallel pre-assembled support panels with a rounded top connection. During operation, the rear support wall 2 on the near-soil side absorbs the longitudinal displacement of the main beam, reducing bending moments and enhancing the overall structure's resistance to overturning. The rear support wall 2 and front support wall 3 are prefabricated in the factory and transported to the site for assembly on top of the support base 1. The spacing between the front-supported and rear-fixed abutments creates a lever effect, improving their bending resistance. The two abutments work together to avoid stress concentration that could lead to cracking. Under seismic action, the two abutments can form multiple energy-dissipating defenses. Furthermore, the double abutment structure can enhance overturning resistance. Moreover, by prefabricating the front-supported and rear-fixed double abutments in the factory and assembling them on site, construction efficiency can be further improved. The first drainage module 7 is assembled onto the surface of the rear support wall 2 via rows of second assembly plates 71. Each second assembly plate 71 is equipped with a drainage unit 73. Unlike the drainage structure in the prior art, the downward-sloping drainage channel 731 can not only better drain the water in the near-soil backfill area and ensure the stability of the side environment of the support wall, but also, through the second drainage module 8 set inside the drainage channel 731, under the action of the wind flow zone inside the bridge, the fan rod 733 outside the embedded rotating rod 732 drives the meshing second drainage module 8 to actively rotate by the wind flow, so as to clean the inside of the drainage channel 731 in real time and avoid fine particles clogging and interfering with the operation of the drainage end. Furthermore, since the bottom of the bridge is an elevated space, the left and right sides are supported by the rear fixed abutment support wall 2 and the front support abutment support wall 3. Together with the main beam and cap beam support structure at the bottom, a narrow channel that is restricted laterally and runs through longitudinally is formed, similar to a rectangular pipe. The rectangular pipe forces the airflow to flow longitudinally along the channel, making the airflow speed in the side area faster and the airflow more concentrated, which better drives the fan rod 733 to rotate.The fan rod 733 and the embedded rotating rod 732 are integrated into one structure. The embedded rotating rod 732 is a rotating rod structure with a bearing sleeve, which can better resist friction during rotation. The extended fan rod 733 is a sleeve structure with several fan blades assembled.

[0027] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 As shown, the second hydrophobic module 8 includes an inner nested ring 81 fixedly installed in the middle position inside the hydrophobic channel 731. A toothed ring sleeve 82 is movably installed on the inner nested ring 81. The inner ring surface of the toothed ring sleeve 82 is flush with the inner wall of the inner nested ring 81. A toothed edge is fixedly installed on the outer ring surface of the toothed ring sleeve 82. A cavity is reserved inside the second assembly plate 71 for the outer toothed edge of the toothed ring sleeve 82 to rotate. The end of the embedded rotating rod 732 away from the fan rod 733 extends into the cavity for the outer toothed edge of the toothed ring sleeve 82 to rotate and is fixedly installed with a bevel gear sleeve 734. The bevel gear sleeve 734 meshes with the outer toothed edge of the toothed ring sleeve 82.

[0028] The inner nested ring 81 is fixedly installed in the middle of the drainage channel 731, providing a limiting function for the rotation of the toothed ring sleeve 82. To ensure the drainage effect inside the drainage channel 731, the inner ring surface of the toothed ring sleeve 82 is flush with the inner wall of the inner nested ring 81, and a sealing ring is provided on its end face. The outer ring surface of the toothed ring sleeve 82 is fixedly installed with a circular toothed edge structure as shown in the attached diagram of the specification, so as to mesh with the conical gear sleeve 73 on the side end of the embedded rotating rod 732. 4. The rotation of the embedded rotating rod 732 is linked to the toothed ring sleeve 82. Therefore, in order to ensure the stability of the rotation of the bevel gear sleeve 734 and the annular tooth edge of the toothed ring sleeve 82, a cavity is reserved inside the second assembly plate 71 for the rotation of the outer tooth edge of the toothed ring sleeve 82. This cavity is connected to the connecting channel 723 to drain the water entering the displacement feedback channel 721 in real time. This ensures the stability of the working environment of the displacement feedback channel 721 and also reduces the interference of water accumulation inside the second assembly plate 71.

[0029] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9As shown, the second hydrophobic module 8 also includes a cavity frame 84 fixedly connected to the inner ring surface of the toothed ring sleeve 82. A cavity rod 85 is fixedly installed at the center of the cavity frame 84. The cavity rod 85 is arranged horizontally along the inner opening of the hydrophobic channel 731. A row of flexible brushes 86 attached to the inner wall of the hydrophobic channel 731 is fixedly installed on the rod of the cavity rod 85. A filter layer is provided on the side of the hydrophobic channel 731 near the soil. A third hydrophobic module 9 for cleaning scale is provided on the cavity rod 85 near the side end of the filter layer.

[0030] The toothed ring sleeve 82 is equipped with a hollow frame 84 connected to its inner ring surface. The hollow frame 84 is a hollow annular frame structure with an internal cavity. The hollow frame design is intended to avoid interfering with the drainage effect inside the drainage channel 731. The hollow rod 85, which is fixedly installed at the center of the hollow frame 84, is arranged horizontally along the inner opening of the drainage channel 731. A flexible brush 86 is fixedly installed on the rod. As the toothed ring sleeve 82 rotates, the flexible brush 86, which is attached to the inner wall of the drainage channel 731, causes the synchronously rotating hollow rod 85 to drive the flexible brush 86 to perform real-time rotary drainage of the interior of the drainage channel 731. A filter layer is configured on the side of the drainage channel 731 closest to the soil. The filter layer is a protective structure used in the prior art to ensure the long-term effective operation of the drainage end. It is usually composed of multiple layers of geotextile with a specific porosity. However, even if a filter layer is set up, the drainage capacity of the drainage end is still a dynamic process. On the one hand, the filter layer itself has a limit to its soil filtration capacity. Under long-term water infiltration and pressure, some extremely fine particles may still gradually invade and clog its pores, causing its permeability to decrease slowly. On the other hand, the drainage channel itself may also be squeezed and misaligned due to foundation settlement and deformation, or the water passage cross-section may be reduced due to the intrusion of impurities such as plant roots and mineral crystals. Therefore, a third drainage module 9 for descaling is configured at the position of the cavity rod 85 near the side end of the filter layer. The driving force of the cavity rod 85 when cleaning the drainage channel 731 in real time is used to synchronously clean the side end of the filter layer in a linkage manner.

[0031] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9As shown, the third hydrophobic module 9 includes a spherical magnetic hinge head 91 fixedly installed on the side end of the cavity rod 85. The spherical magnetic hinge head 91 is composed of a concave magnetic base and a magnetic ball concave inside the concave magnetic base. Two sets of torsion sleeves spaced 180 degrees apart are fixedly installed on the surface of the magnetic ball. A cavity storage plate 92 is assembled on the torsion end of each torsion sleeve. Under the torsion force of the torsion sleeve, the cavity storage plates 92 on both sides always have a force to adhere to the filter layer. The cavity storage plates 92 each contain an internal pull-out partition 95.

[0032] The third hydrophobic module 9 includes a spherical magnetic hinge head 91. This spherical magnetic hinge head 91 is essentially composed of a concave magnetic base and a magnetic sphere recessed within the concave magnetic base, as used in existing technologies. It adapts to the curvature of rotation at the side end of the inclined hydrophobic channel 731. Since both the concave magnetic base and the magnetic sphere recessed within it have magnetic attraction, they also possess a certain rigidity during curvature rotation, ensuring stability during side-end rotation. Two sets of torsion sleeves spaced 180 degrees apart are fixedly installed on the surface of the magnetic sphere. These torsion sleeves are hinge frame structures with torsion springs, as used in existing technologies. They are used to assemble the upper cavity receiving plate 92. The torque of the torsion sleeves spaced 180 degrees apart on both sides drives the cavity receiving plate 92 to rotate around the hinge point, ensuring that the cavity receiving plates 92 on both sides always have a force that brings them closer to the filter layer, further adhering to the surface of the filter layer at the side end of the hydrophobic channel 731.

[0033] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 As shown, both the inner pull-out partition 95 and the cavity storage plate 92 are equipped with a cleaning structure similar to a tough brush 86 on the side facing the reverse filter layer. The side of the cavity storage plate 92 away from the reverse filter layer is fixedly installed with an elastic reset rod 93. The telescopic end of the elastic reset rod 93 is connected to the side end of the inner pull-out partition 95 on the same side, and a guide ball sleeve 94 that fits against the inner wall of the drainage channel 731 is fixedly installed on the connecting end face. The tops of the rear fixed platform support wall 2 and the front support platform support wall 3 are assembled into one piece through an arc-shaped cross section. Several first rigid crossbeams 4 are fixedly installed on the opposite side of the rear fixed platform support wall 2 and the front support platform support wall 3 at the bottom of the drainage channel 731.

[0034] The internal pull-out baffle 95 and the cavity receiving plate 92 are integrated into a sleeve structure that can be pulled up and down. Both the internal pull-out baffle 95 and the cavity receiving plate 92 have a cleaning structure similar to a flexible brush 86 on the side facing the filter layer, which adheres to the side of the drainage channel 731 to clean the surface of the filter layer. The elastic reset rod 93 is an extended structure with a reset spring rod. Its extended end connects to the side of the internal pull-out baffle 95 embedded in the cavity receiving plate 92. Under the elastic reset force of the elastic reset rod 93, the internal pull-out baffle 95 is always extended outwards, cooperating with the guide ball sleeve 94 whose side end is attached to the inner wall of the drainage channel 731, to fully extend the internal pull-out baffle 95 to a length with the same radius as the filter layer, ensuring that the entire surface of the filter layer is covered during the rotation cleaning process. The spacing between the first rigid crossbeams 4 is 3 to 5 times the thickness of the abutment. Its main function is to improve the overall integrity of the abutment and further promote the leverage effect between the rear abutment support wall 2 and the front abutment support wall 3 to improve the bending resistance.

[0035] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 As shown, several main beam horizontal detection mechanisms 6 are arranged in a row at the top of the front support wall 3 near the main beam of the bridge abutment. A second rigid crossbeam 5, which works in conjunction with the main beam horizontal detection mechanism 6, is also configured on the opposite side of the rear support wall 2 and the front support wall 3, above the first rigid crossbeam 4. The second rigid crossbeam 5 includes an H-shaped crossbeam 51, and a limiting guide sleeve 52 is fixedly installed on both opposite end faces of the H-shaped crossbeam 51. A magnetic detection side plate 53 is fixedly installed in each limiting guide sleeve 52. Guide plates 54 for forming the crossbeam are fixedly connected to the upper and lower sides of both opposite end faces of the H-shaped crossbeam 51. A guide rail is opened at the middle position of the surface of the guide plate 54.

[0036] Among them, several main beam horizontal detection mechanisms 6 are flush with the second assembly plate 71 on the rear abutment support wall 2 and located between the rear abutment support wall 2 and the front abutment support wall 3 on opposite sides. A second rigid crossbeam 5 is also configured to work in conjunction with the main beam horizontal detection mechanism 6. The second rigid crossbeam 5 not only further improves the overall integrity of the abutment, but also provides a guide rail for the main beam horizontal detection mechanism 6 to provide feedback on horizontal stress.

[0037] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 As shown, the main beam horizontal detection mechanism 6 includes a first hinge plate 61 movably hinged to the top of the front abutment support wall 3 on the side away from the rear fixed abutment support wall 2. Several first assembly plates 63, each flush with the first hinge plate 61, are also fixedly installed at the bottom of the main beam of the abutment on the top of the front abutment support wall 3. A traction beam 62 is fixedly assembled at the bottom of each of the first assembly plates 63. The traction beam 62 and the flush first hinge plates 61 form a Y-shaped structure inclined towards the front abutment support wall 3. Second hinge plates 64 are movably installed on the inclined ends towards the front abutment support wall 3. The hinge plate 64 is slidably assembled at the center of the second rigid crossbeam 5 via the guide rails on the upper and lower guide plates 54. A reset spring sleeve 65 is fixedly installed in the guide rails of the upper and lower guide plates 54 to push the second hinge plate 64 away from the rear support wall 2. An expansion cavity rod 66 is fixedly installed on the side of the second hinge plate 64 facing the two side limit guide rail sleeves 52. A first bearing collar 67 is movably installed on the extended end of the expansion cavity rod 66 and is movably locked in the limit guide rail sleeve 52. A first detection probe 68 with an output end pointing towards the magnetic detection side plate 53 is fixedly installed on each side of the first bearing collar 67.

[0038] The first hinge plate 61 is configured as shown in the attached instruction manual. Figure 2As shown, the entire assembly is placed on the top of the front abutment support wall 3, away from the rear abutment support wall 2, serving as a limiting mechanism for hoisting during operation. The configured traction beam 62 is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the main abutment beam at the top of the front abutment support wall 3 via the first assembly plate 63. The main abutment beam at the top of the front abutment support wall 3 is thus assembled on top of the front abutment support wall 3, serving to cooperate with the approach slab and bridge deck in assembling the pavement layer—a conventional design for integral bridges in the prior art. The traction beam 62 is assembled and limited by the hoisting mechanism of the first hinge plate 61, forming a Y-shaped structure inclined towards the front abutment support wall 3. The main beams of integral bridge abutments are usually made of prestressed concrete or steel. However, even with such rigid connection designs, horizontal displacement may still occur in the main beams during actual operation. The main reason is that integral abutments need to withstand the thermal expansion and contraction caused by temperature changes. The longitudinal deformation of the bridge superstructure caused by temperature changes is directly transmitted to the abutment and the substructure through the rigid connection. If the soil behind the abutment is not sufficiently constrained or the pile foundation design fails to adequately adapt to the deformation, the long-term accumulated cyclic displacement may cause significant elastic or plastic displacement in the connection area between the abutment and the main beam, which in turn affects the stress distribution and long-term service performance of the structure. In the current technology, the stability of the horizontal displacement of the main beam can only be fed back by the periodic correction and inspection by maintenance personnel to calculate the stress distribution and deformation degree. Therefore, a Y-shaped traction beam 62 is configured at the bottom of the main beam of the abutment, combined with the second rigid crossbeam 5 for real-time feedback to record the subtle displacement of the main beam.

[0039] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9As shown, displacement feedback units 72 are arranged inside the second assembly plate 71 at a position directly above the displacement feedback channel 721. Each displacement feedback unit 72 includes a displacement feedback channel 721 that extends downward from one side of the front support wall 3 towards the soil side. The displacement feedback channel 721 and the drainage channel 731 directly below form a figure-eight structure, and a connecting channel leading to the drainage channel 731 directly below is opened at the middle position inside the displacement feedback channel 721. 723, the water entering the displacement feedback channel 721 is directed to the drainage channel 731 through the connecting channel 723, and the connecting path of the connecting channel 723 is connected to the cavity for the outer tooth edge of the toothed ring sleeve 82 to rotate. The toothed ring sleeve 82 has a reserved opening 83 on its side that communicates with the inner cavity of the cavity frame 84, and the inner cavity of the cavity frame 84 communicates with the inner cavity of the cavity rod 85. Several drainage openings 87 are sequentially opened on the side of the cavity rod 85.

[0040] The specific working state of the configured main beam horizontal detection mechanism 6 is as follows: In a stable state, the actual traction beam 62 at the bottom of the bridge abutment main beam does not shift. At this time, the second hinge plate 64, under the reset force of the reset spring sleeve 65, is located on the side furthest from the rear fixed abutment support wall 2. At this time, the displacement value recorded by the first detection probe 68 and the detection end of the magnetic detection side plate 53 is 0. When the traction beam 62 moves slightly with the bridge abutment main beam, the traction beam 62 will move synchronously around the first hinge plate 61, causing the second hinge plate 64 at the side of the traction beam 62 to move along the guide rail of the guide plate 54. During the movement, the expansion cavity rods 66 on both sides of the second hinge plate 64 will move synchronously with the first bearing collar 67 in the limiting guide rail sleeve 52 inside the H-shaped crossbeam 51. During the movement, the position of the first detection probe 68 on both sides of the expansion cavity rod 66 will change, and the change in magnetic position will feed back the value of the horizontal displacement of the second hinge plate 64, recording the slight displacement of the bridge abutment main beam. The first detection probe 68 is a magnetic sensor in the prior art, based on non-contact magnetic induction detection technology. Specifically, this probe, in cooperation with the magnetic detection side plate 53, achieves accurate measurement of the horizontal displacement of the bridge abutment main beam, which is a detection device in the prior art.

[0041] The configured communication channel 723 is as per the instruction manual. Figure 5As shown, the displacement feedback channel 721 and the drainage channel 731, which slope downwards from the side of the front support wall 3 to the soil side, are connected. During operation, the water entering the displacement feedback channel 721 is diverted to the drainage channel 731 through the connecting channel 723. The connecting path of the connecting channel 723 is connected to the cavity for the outer tooth edge of the toothed ring sleeve 82 to rotate. Therefore, the water in the drainage channel 731 will enter the inner cavity of the cavity frame 84 through the reserved opening 83 on the side, and then enter the cavity rod 85 that communicates with the inner cavity. Finally, it will be discharged through the drainage opening 87 on the inclined cavity rod 85. The discharged water is then concentrated and discharged through the inclined drainage channel 731.

[0042] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 As shown, the displacement feedback unit 72 further includes a partition arc plate 722 fixedly installed at the middle position inside each displacement feedback channel 721. The side of the partition arc plate 722 is tangent to the connecting channel 723. A horizontal telescopic channel 727 is opened on the side of the displacement feedback channel 721 near the soil. A protective ring 728 is fixedly installed on the outer end of the telescopic channel 727. A scraping soft rubber ring 729 is assembled inside the telescopic channel 727 near the protective ring 728. A second bearing collar 724 is slidably installed inside the displacement feedback channel 721 in the cavity formed by the partition arc plate 722 and the protective ring 728. A number of balls are sequentially arranged on the outer ring, which are in contact with the inner wall of the displacement feedback channel 721. A third hinge plate 725 is hinged to the side of the second bearing collar 724 facing the partition arc plate 722. The third hinge plate 725 moves through the partition arc plate 722 and is hinged to the outer surface of the second hinge plate 64 on the same side. A fourth hinge plate 726 is hinged to the side of the second bearing collar 724 facing the protective ring 728. A second detection probe 7210 is hinged to the extended end of the fourth hinge plate 726 and is slidably sleeved in the telescopic channel 727. The second detection probe 7210 is cylindrical in shape, and the detection ends of the second detection probe 7210 are arranged in a circular shape on the outer ring surface.

[0043] The second detection probe 7210 is installed in the telescopic channel 727 on the side of the displacement feedback channel 721 closest to the soil, and is contained within the telescopic channel 727 by its horizontal limiting function. Because the displacement of the main beam is not an isolated phenomenon during actual operation, it is closely related to the interaction with the backfill side. The rear abutment support wall 2, as a structure directly in contact with the soil, bears the combined effects of soil pressure, water pressure, and temperature deformation transmission; its state changes will affect the stability of the main beam through physical linkage. Therefore, while monitoring only the main beam displacement can provide more real-time data on the overall bridge stability, in order to combine the influence of the assembly environment and further comprehensively assess structural safety, it is necessary to use the second detection probe 7210 to provide real-time feedback on the real-time state of the rear abutment support wall 2, such as soil compression, seepage, or structural micro-deformation, thereby establishing a collaborative monitoring mechanism from the main beam to the abutment and the soil, and providing early warning of potential asymmetric loads or hidden defects.

[0044] The detection state of the configured second detection probe 7210 is as follows: when the second hinge plate 64 moves along with the main beam, the third hinge plate 725, which is hinged to the second hinge plate 64, will also extend synchronously. The displacement of each extension will be fed back to the second bearing collar 724 at the side end, causing the second bearing collar 724 to move synchronously along the displacement feedback channel 721. During the displacement of the second bearing collar 724, the fourth hinge plate 726, which is opposite to the third hinge plate 725, will feed back the displacement to the second detection probe 7210, causing the second detection probe 7210, which is slidably installed in the telescopic channel 727, to also move horizontally. The third hinge plate 725 and the fourth hinge plate 726 used for linkage hinge essentially constitute the structure of a universal joint in the prior art. When the second hinge plate 64 moves significantly with the main beam, its second detection probe 7210 will be squeezed out of the telescopic channel 727 to extend the probe with its end arranged in a ring shape to detect the backfill soil on the side of the rear support wall 2 of the platform, so as to obtain the actual situation of the drainage end of the backfill soil and to warn of potential asymmetric loads or hidden defects.

[0045] The configured second detection probe 7210 is an infrared miniature detection probe in the prior art, which has a good waterproof effect. After extending out of the telescopic channel 727, during the process of returning to the telescopic channel 727, the probe will be wiped by the scraping soft rubber ring 729 to avoid the detection end being interfered with by the backfill soil.

[0046] The specific working conditions of the monolithic bridge abutment with front support and rear fixation structure are as follows: First, the fan rod 733 rotates based on the natural wind power at the bottom of the bridge, initiating the self-cleaning process of the drainage system. When the airflow passes through the under-bridge channel formed by the rear fixed abutment support wall 2 and the front support abutment support wall 3, the fan rod 733 drives the embedded rotating rod 732, which is fixedly connected to it, to rotate synchronously. The conical gear sleeve 734 on the side of the embedded rotating rod 732 away from the soil meshes with the outer tooth edge of the toothed circular ring sleeve 82, converting the horizontal rotational motion into the circular motion of the toothed circular ring sleeve 82. The toothed circular ring sleeve 82 drives the cavity rod 85 and the flexible brush 86 fixed to its rod body to rotate along the inner wall of the drainage channel 731 through the cavity skeleton 84 connected to the inner ring surface, removing the silt particles attached to the channel. Simultaneously, the spherical magnetic hinge head 91 installed on the side end of the cavity rod 85, under the elastic action of the torsion sleeve, makes the cavity receiving plate 92 continuously adhere to the surface of the filter layer on the side of the drainage channel 731 near the soil. The inner pull-out baffle 95 extends under the thrust of the elastic reset rod 93, and scrapes the filter layer through the surface descaling structure to prevent fine particles from clogging the pores for a long time. In actual operation, it can effectively avoid the clogging problem caused by the lack of self-maintenance function of traditional drainage holes.

[0047] Then, the main beam horizontal detection mechanism 6 begins to monitor the displacement of the bridge abutment main beam caused by temperature deformation. When the main beam undergoes longitudinal displacement, the traction beam rod 62 fixed to its bottom pushes the second hinge plate 64 to slide along the guide rail of the guide plate 54 of the second rigid crossbeam 5, overcoming the resistance of the reset spring sleeve 65. The expansion cavity rods 66 on both sides of the second hinge plate 64 drive the first bearing collar 67 and the first detection probe 68 to move within the limiting guide rail sleeve 52. The displacement of the main beam is recorded by the change in the magnetic induction distance between the detection probe and the magnetic detection side plate 53. At the same time, the displacement of the second hinge plate 64 is transmitted to the second bearing collar 724 in the displacement feedback unit 72 through the third hinge plate 725, forcing the fourth hinge plate 726 to push the second detection probe 7210 to extend horizontally in the telescopic channel 727. The cylindrical detection end of the second detection probe 7210 breaks through the protective ring 728 and is exposed to the soil behind the abutment, directly detecting the soil pressure and seepage state. This linkage mechanism couples the main beam displacement with soil condition monitoring, which can solve the defect in existing technologies that cannot provide real-time feedback on the stress distribution of the soil behind the platform.

[0048] The seepage water accumulated in the displacement feedback channel 721 is introduced into the drainage system of the drainage channel 731 through the connecting channel 723. The water flows through the reserved opening 83 on the side of the toothed ring sleeve 82 into the inner cavity of the cavity frame 84, and flows into the cavity rod 85, and finally is discharged from the drainage opening 87. The existing drainage channel realizes the secondary drainage of seepage water, avoiding the problem of the independent drainage structure becoming disconnected due to the deformation of the bridge abutment. At the same time, after the second detection probe 7210 completes the soil detection, it retracts the telescopic channel 727 through the reset mechanism. The scraping soft rubber ring 729 on its surface automatically removes the soil attached to the outer wall of the probe, maintaining the detection accuracy. If the displacement of the main beam continues to increase, the further movement of the second hinge plate 64 will cause the hinge point of the third hinge plate 725 and the fourth hinge plate 726 to deflect at an angle. The universal joint structure adapts to the large displacement condition, ensuring that the linear movement of the second detection probe 7210 maintains a proportional relationship with the displacement of the main beam, thereby accurately feeding back the interaction state between the soil and the structure.

[0049] When the main beam displacement increases abnormally, the data from the first detection probe 68 is cross-validated with the soil pressure data from the second detection probe 7210 to determine whether it is caused by soil softening or water pressure. The entire process, through the integration of mechanical linkage and sensor feedback, achieves the unification of active maintenance of drainage function and real-time monitoring of structural status, significantly improving the long-term working performance of the integral bridge abutment in complex environments.

[0050] This invention encompasses any substitutions, modifications, equivalent methods, and solutions made within the spirit and scope of this invention. To provide the public with a thorough understanding of this invention, specific details are described in detail in the following preferred embodiments; however, those skilled in the art will fully understand the invention even without these details. Furthermore, to avoid unnecessary misunderstanding of the essence of this invention, well-known methods, processes, procedures, components, and circuits are not described in detail.

[0051] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An integral bridge abutment with a front-supported and rear-fixed structure, comprising a supporting pier base (1), characterized in that: The surface of the support base (1) is equipped with a rear fixed support wall (2) and a front support support wall (3). The rear fixed support wall (2) is assembled on the side close to the soil and plays a consolidation role. The front support support wall (3) is assembled on the side away from the soil and plays a supporting role. The rear fixed support wall (2) is thicker than the front support support wall (3), and the rear fixed support wall (2) and the front support support wall (3) are arranged in parallel to support the main beam of the top abutment. The surface of the rear support wall (2) is equipped with several first drainage modules (7) arranged in rows. The first drainage module (7) includes a second assembly plate (71). The interior of the second assembly plate (71) is equipped with drainage units (73). The drainage unit (73) includes a drainage channel (731) that slopes downward from the side near the soil to the side of the front support wall (3). The interior of the drainage channel (731) is equipped with a second drainage module (8) that clears the channel. The side of the drainage channel (731) is movably installed with an embedded rotating rod (732) that meshes with the second drainage module (8). The embedded rotating rod (732) extends horizontally from the side of the rear fixed platform support wall (2) away from the soil, and a fan rod (733) is fixedly installed on the protruding end. The fan rod (733) is driven by wind power to drive the second drainage module (8) to open the drainage channel (731).

2. The integral bridge abutment with a front-supported and rear-fixed structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second hydrophobic module (8) includes an inner nested ring (81) fixedly installed in the middle position inside the hydrophobic channel (731). A toothed ring sleeve (82) is movably installed on the inner nested ring (81). The inner ring surface of the toothed ring sleeve (82) is flush with the inner wall of the inner nested ring (81). A toothed edge is fixedly installed on the outer ring surface of the toothed ring sleeve (82). A cavity is reserved inside the second assembly plate (71) for the outer toothed edge of the toothed ring sleeve (82) to rotate. The end of the embedded rotating rod (732) away from the fan rod (733) extends into the cavity for the outer toothed edge of the toothed ring sleeve (82) to rotate and is fixedly installed with a bevel gear sleeve (734). The bevel gear sleeve (734) meshes with the outer toothed edge of the toothed ring sleeve (82).

3. The integral bridge abutment with a front-supported and rear-fixed structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second hydrophobic module (8) also includes a cavity frame (84) fixedly connected to the inner ring surface of the toothed ring sleeve (82). A cavity rod (85) is fixedly installed at the center of the cavity frame (84). The cavity rod (85) is arranged horizontally along the inner opening of the hydrophobic channel (731). A row of flexible brushes (86) attached to the inner wall of the hydrophobic channel (731) is fixedly installed on the rod of the cavity rod (85). A filter layer is provided on the side of the hydrophobic channel (731) near the soil. A third hydrophobic module (9) for cleaning scale is provided on the cavity rod (85) near the side end of the filter layer.

4. The integral bridge abutment with a front-supported and rear-fixed structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The third hydrophobic module (9) includes a spherical magnetic hinge sleeve (91) fixedly installed on the side of the cavity rod (85). The spherical magnetic hinge sleeve (91) is composed of a concave magnetic base and a magnetic ball concave inside the concave magnetic base. Two sets of torsion sleeves spaced 180 degrees apart are fixedly installed on the surface of the magnetic ball. A cavity storage plate (92) is assembled on the torsion end of the torsion sleeve. The cavity storage plates (92) on both sides always have a force to adhere to the filter layer under the torsion force of the torsion sleeve. The cavity storage plates (92) contain an inner pull-out partition (95).

5. The integral bridge abutment with a front-supported and rear-fixed structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The inner pull-out partition (95) and the cavity storage plate (92) facing the reverse filter layer are both equipped with the same descaling structure as the tough brush (86). The cavity storage plate (92) away from the reverse filter layer is fixedly installed with an elastic reset rod (93). The telescopic end of the elastic reset rod (93) is connected to the side end of the inner pull-out partition (95) on the same side, and a guide ball sleeve (94) that fits against the inner wall of the drainage channel (731) is fixedly installed on the connecting end face. The top of the rear fixed platform support wall (2) and the front support platform support wall (3) are assembled into one piece through an arc-shaped cut surface. Several first rigid crossbeams (4) arranged in rows are fixedly installed on the opposite side of the rear fixed platform support wall (2) and the front support platform support wall (3) at the bottom of the drainage channel (731).

6. The integral bridge abutment with a front-supported and rear-fixed structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, Several main beam horizontal detection mechanisms (6) are arranged in a row at the top of the front support wall (3) near the main beam of the bridge abutment. A second rigid beam (5) that works in coordination with the main beam horizontal detection mechanism (6) is also configured on the side opposite to the front support wall (3) and on the upper side of the first rigid beam (4). The second rigid beam (5) includes an H-shaped beam (51), and a limit guide sleeve (52) is fixedly installed on both opposite end faces of the H-shaped beam (51). A magnetic detection side plate (53) is fixedly installed in each of the limit guide sleeves (52). A guide plate (54) for forming the beam is fixedly connected at the upper and lower sides of both opposite end faces of the H-shaped beam (51). A guide rail is opened at the middle position of the surface of the guide plate (54).

7. The integral bridge abutment with a front-supported and rear-fixed structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, The main beam horizontal detection mechanism (6) includes a first hinge plate (61) movably hinged to the top of the front abutment support wall (3) on the side away from the rear fixed abutment support wall (2). Several first assembly plates (63) flush with the first hinge plate (61) are also fixedly installed at the bottom of the main beam of the abutment at the top of the front abutment support wall (3). A traction beam rod (62) is fixedly assembled at the bottom of the first assembly plate (63). The traction beam rod (62) and the flush first hinge plate (61) form a Y-shaped structure inclined towards the front abutment support wall (3). Second hinge plates (64) are movably installed on the inclined side ends towards the front abutment support wall (3). (64) The second hinge plate (64) is slidably assembled at the center of the second rigid crossbeam (5) by the guide rails on the upper and lower guide plates (54), and a reset spring sleeve (65) is fixedly installed in the guide rails of the upper and lower guide plates (54) to push the second hinge plate (64) away from the rear fixed body support wall (2). An expansion cavity rod (66) is fixedly installed on the side of the second hinge plate (64) facing the two side limit guide rail sleeves (52). A first bearing collar (67) is movably installed on the extended end of the expansion cavity rod (66) and is movably locked in the limit guide rail sleeve (52). A first detection probe (68) with the output end pointing towards the magnetic detection side plate (53) is fixedly installed on each side first bearing collar (67).

8. A monolithic bridge abutment with a front-supported and rear-fixed structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, The second assembly plate (71) is equipped with displacement feedback units (72) located directly above the displacement feedback channel (721). Each displacement feedback unit (72) includes a displacement feedback channel (721) that extends downward from the front support wall (3) towards the soil. The displacement feedback channel (721) and the drainage channel (731) directly below form a figure-eight structure. A connecting channel (723) leading to the drainage channel (731) directly below is provided in the middle of the displacement feedback channel (721). Water entering the displacement feedback channel (721) is directed to the drainage channel (731) through the connecting channel (723). The connecting path of the connecting channel (723) is connected to the cavity for the outer tooth edge of the toothed ring sleeve (82) to rotate. A reserved opening (83) communicating with the inner cavity of the cavity frame (84) is provided on the side of the toothed ring sleeve (82). The inner cavity of the cavity frame (84) is connected with the inner cavity of the cavity rod (85). Several drainage openings (87) are sequentially provided on the side of the cavity rod (85).

9. A monolithic bridge abutment with a front-supported and rear-fixed structure according to claim 8, characterized in that, The displacement feedback unit (72) further includes a partition arc plate (722) fixedly installed at the middle position inside each displacement feedback channel (721). The side of the partition arc plate (722) is tangent to the connecting channel (723). A horizontal telescopic channel (727) is opened on the side of the displacement feedback channel (721) near the soil. A protective ring (728) is fixedly installed on the outer end of the telescopic channel (727). A scraping soft rubber ring (729) is assembled on the side of the telescopic channel (727) near the protective ring (728). A second bearing collar (724) is slidably installed in the cavity formed by the partition arc plate (722) and the protective ring (728) inside the displacement feedback channel (721). A number of balls that fit against the inner wall of the displacement feedback channel (721) are arranged sequentially on the outer ring of the second bearing collar (724). A third hinge plate (725) is hinged to the side of the second bearing collar (724) facing the partition arc plate (722).

10. An integral bridge abutment with a front-supported and rear-fixed structure according to claim 9, characterized in that, The third hinge plate (725) moves through the partition arc plate (722) and is hinged to the outer surface of the second hinge plate (64) on the same side. The second bearing collar (724) is hinged to the side facing the protective ring (728) with a fourth hinge plate (726). The extended end of the fourth hinge plate (726) is hinged with a second detection probe (7210) that slides in the telescopic channel (727). The second detection probe (7210) is cylindrical in shape, and the detection ends of the second detection probe (7210) are arranged in a circular shape on the outer ring surface.

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