Self-adaptive tubular fishway system

Abstract

The invention relates to a self-adaptive tubular fishway system. The self-adaptive pipe type fishway system comprises a fishway, the fishway comprises a first pipeline and a second pipeline, the first pipeline is communicated with the second pipeline through a hose, a water inlet of the first pipeline is located in a water storage area, and a water outlet of the second pipeline is communicated with a downstream river channel; the buoyancy device is arranged on the first pipeline and comprises a buoyancy ball, an air pressure adjusting device and a first pressure sensor, and the air pressure adjusting device and the first pressure sensor are both arranged in the buoyancy ball; the fish school density monitoring unit is used for monitoring the fish school density in the first pipeline; and the control system is connected with the fish school density monitoring unit and the buoyancy device, and is used for regulating and controlling the pitching angle of the first pipeline based on the fish school density data acquired by the fish school density monitoring unit. The scheme provided by the invention has the advantages that the fish stock density is sensed in real time, the pitching angle of the pipeline is dynamically adjusted to improve the fish migration success rate, and different fish swimming habits are adapted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of ecological protection technology in water conservancy projects, and in particular to an adaptive tubular fishway system. Background Technology

[0002] In water conservancy projects, fishways are crucial facilities for ensuring fish can migrate through obstacles such as dams and weirs. Traditional fishways often employ fixed sloping, pool-like, or vertical slotted structures, with static designs for water flow velocity, slope, and channel angle. However, such static designs cannot assist fish migration based on dynamic factors such as fish density and water flow changes. Furthermore, they lack real-time sensing methods for fish activity, making it difficult to accurately determine congestion or fish behavioral preferences within the fishway. This results in low fish migration success rates, and the ecological protection effect is particularly limited for sensitive fish species (such as salmon and trout).

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an intelligent fishway system that can dynamically sense the status of fish schools and automatically adjust channel parameters to improve fish passage efficiency and ecological protection. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome the problems existing in related technologies, this application provides an adaptive tubular fishway system, which has the advantages of real-time sensing of fish density and dynamic adjustment of pipe pitch angle to improve the success rate of fish migration and adapting to the swimming habits of different fish.

[0005] This application provides an adaptive tubular fishway system, comprising:

[0006] The fishway includes a first pipe and a second pipe, which are connected by a flexible hose. The inlet of the first pipe is located in the water storage area, and the outlet of the second pipe is connected to the downstream river channel.

[0007] A buoyancy device, installed on the first pipe, includes a buoyancy ball, an air pressure regulating device, and a first pressure sensor. The air pressure regulating device and the first pressure sensor are both installed inside the buoyancy ball. The air pressure regulating device is used to regulate the air pressure inside the buoyancy ball, and the first pressure sensor is used to detect the air pressure inside the buoyancy ball.

[0008] A fish density monitoring unit is installed at the inlet of the first pipe and the outlet of the second pipe to monitor the fish density in the first pipe.

[0009] The control system is connected to the fish density monitoring unit and the buoyancy device. Based on the fish density data obtained by the fish density monitoring unit, it controls the air pressure of the buoyancy ball through the air pressure regulating device to adjust the pitch angle of the first pipe.

[0010] In some implementations, a buffer zone is also included, which is located on one side of the dam;

[0011] The second pipeline is located on one side of the dam, with its outlet extending to the downstream river channel and its inlet extending to the water storage area.

[0012] The second pipeline includes a first branch pipe and a second branch pipe;

[0013] The outlet end of the first branch pipe is connected to the inlet end of the second branch pipe through the buffer space, and the height of the outlet end of the first branch pipe is lower than the height of the inlet end of the second branch pipe.

[0014] The buffer chamber is equipped with an observation area and two parallel buffer baffles. The observation area is suspended above the bottom wall of the buffer chamber. The observation area is equipped with a data acquisition module and a high-definition camera module connected to the control system. The data acquisition module integrates a flow sensor, a second pressure sensor and a water quality sensor. The buffer baffles are located below the observation area. The two buffer baffles divide the outlet water flow of the first branch pipe into two interconnected loops to slow down the water flow rate.

[0015] The shooting end of the high-definition camera module is oriented towards the loop.

[0016] In some embodiments, the outlet of the second pipe is provided with a flow control valve, which is connected to a control system;

[0017] Based on the fish density data, the control system synchronously adjusts the pitch angle of the first pipe and the opening degree of the flow control valve.

[0018] In some embodiments, a support mechanism is also included, which includes a fixed support, a fixed rod, a hinge, and a lock.

[0019] The fixed support is fixed on the dam, and the end of the fixed rod is hinged to the fixed support through the hinge. The fixed rod is connected to the first pipe, and the axial direction of the fixed rod is the same as the axial direction of the first pipe.

[0020] The locker has a locked state and an unlocked state;

[0021] When the locker is in the locked state, the relative angle between the fixing rod and the fixing support is fixed;

[0022] When the lock is in the unlocked state, the fixing rod can rotate relative to the fixing support;

[0023] The locking device is connected to the control system. When the control system controls the air pressure of the buoyancy ball through the air pressure regulating device, it controls the locking device to switch from the locked state to the unlocked state.

[0024] In some embodiments, the locker includes a magnetic door switch, a spring, and a magnet;

[0025] The hinge includes a first hinge and a second hinge. The first hinge is provided with a first bushing, and the second hinge is provided with a second bushing. The end face of the first bushing is provided with a first end face gear, and the end face of the second bushing is provided with a second end face gear. The first end face gear and the second end face gear are arranged opposite to each other.

[0026] The first bushing and the second bushing are provided with a pin, the spring is sleeved on the pin, and the two ends of the pin are provided with radially enlarged limiting bosses, one of which abuts against the second bushing, and the other end of which abuts against the spring, and the spring abuts against the first bushing.

[0027] The magnetic door switch is fixed on the fixed support, and the magnetic end of the magnetic door switch faces the first end face of the first hinge, and the first end face of the first hinge is provided with the magnet;

[0028] When the magnetic door switch is energized, it generates a magnetic force to attract the magnet, causing the first hinge to move away from the second hinge along the axial direction of the pin shaft, thereby disengaging the first end face gear from the second end face gear.

[0029] When the door magnetic switch is de-energized, it loses its magnetic force, and the first end face gear is connected to the second end face gear by a spring.

[0030] The teeth of the first end face gear and the second end face gear are triangular prisms.

[0031] In some embodiments, the support mechanism further includes a plurality of fiber optic sensors arranged in an array, the plurality of fiber optic sensors being distributed along the axial direction of the first pipe, the fiber optic sensors being used to detect the curvature data of the first pipe and transmit the curvature data to the control system, the control system sending an alarm reminder based on the curvature data.

[0032] In some embodiments, both the inlet of the first pipe and the outlet of the second pipe are equipped with an acoustic and light inducer and a biomimetic rock cover, and the fish density monitoring unit is located inside the biomimetic rock cover.

[0033] In some embodiments, the fish density monitoring unit includes a camera, which uses an image recognition algorithm to count the fish density and movement trajectory near the first pipe and the second pipe, and transmits the data to the control system.

[0034] In some embodiments, the buoyancy ball includes a shell made of carbon fiber composite material, the shell being a cylindrical structure with an opening at one end, the opening being sealed by an elastic seal.

[0035] The air pressure regulating device includes a miniature air pump, an air pipe, and a solenoid valve. One end of the air pipe is connected to an external air source, and the other end passes through the housing and is connected to the miniature air pump. The contact point between the air pipe and the housing is sealed with potting compound.

[0036] The solenoid valve is mounted on the housing, and both the solenoid valve and the micro air pump are connected to the control system.

[0037] In some implementations, the control system incorporates a machine learning module that analyzes historical fish activity data and water flow parameters based on a long short-term memory neural network, predicts peak fish density and water flow pressure trends, and generates advance control commands to optimize the control system's control of the pitch angle of the first pipe.

[0038] The technical solution provided in this application may include the following beneficial effects:

[0039] The adaptive tubular fishway system provided in this application regulates the water flow speed of the fishway by monitoring the fish density in real time and dynamically adjusting the pipe pitch angle. This solves the problem that traditional fishways cannot adapt to dynamic environmental changes and has advantages such as improving fish migration efficiency, optimizing water flow control, and enhancing system response speed. Attached Figure Description

[0040] The above and other objects, features and advantages of this application will become more apparent from the more detailed description of exemplary embodiments thereof in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the same reference numerals generally represent the same components in the exemplary embodiments thereof.

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the adaptive tubular fishway system shown in the embodiments of this application;

[0042] Figure 2 This is another structural schematic diagram of the adaptive tubular fishway system shown in the embodiments of this application;

[0043] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the pitch state of the first pipe shown in an embodiment of this application;

[0044] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the buffer room shown in the embodiments of this application;

[0045] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the buoyancy device shown in the embodiments of this application;

[0046] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the hinge and lock shown in the embodiments of this application.

[0047] 1. Fishway; 11. First Pipe; 12. Second Pipe; 121. First Branch Pipe; 122. Second Branch Pipe; 13. Flexible Hoose; 14. Flow Control Valve; 15. Sound and Light Inducer; 16. Bionic Rock Cover;

[0048] 2. Buoyancy device; 21. Buoyancy ball; 211. Housing; 212. Elastic seal; 22. Air pressure regulating device; 221. Miniature air pump; 222. Solenoid valve; 23. First pressure sensor;

[0049] 3. Fish density monitoring unit;

[0050] 4. Control system;

[0051] 5. Buffer room; 51. Observation area; 52. Buffer baffle; 53. Data acquisition module;

[0052] 6. Support mechanism; 61. Fixed support; 62. Fixed rod; 63. Hinge; 631. First hinge; 632. Second hinge; 633. First end face gear; 634. Second end face gear; 635. Pin; 64. Locking device; 641. Door magnetic switch; 642. Spring; 643. Magnet. Detailed Implementation

[0053] Preferred embodiments of the present application will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While preferred embodiments of the present application are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present application may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to make the present application more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of the present application to those skilled in the art.

[0054] The terminology used in this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” used in this application and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used herein refers to and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0055] It should be understood that although the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., may be used in this application to describe various information, this information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish information of the same type from one another. For example, without departing from the scope of this application, first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0056] Traditional fishways employ a fixed structural design, with static parameters for water flow velocity, channel angle, and slope. This design cannot be dynamically adjusted based on fish density and environmental hydrological conditions, leading to several problems: First, when fish density fluctuates or water levels change, excessively high or low flow velocities within the channel can obstruct fish migration or increase energy consumption, resulting in a mismatch between water flow and fish behavior. Second, during periods of drastic water level fluctuations in the flood or dry season, traditional fishways cannot adjust the inlet height and pitch angle, causing water level differences to exceed the fish's tolerance threshold. Third, during the spawning season when fish density surges, the fixed flow velocity design is prone to congestion, causing prolonged fish stagnation and stress responses. Finally, the lack of real-time monitoring of fish movement trajectories can lead to conflicts between local turbulence intensity and fish homing behavior, reducing migration efficiency.

[0057] If these problems are not addressed, fish will need to expend extra energy to overcome maladaptive water flow conditions when navigating fishways, leading to a decline in migration success rates and physiological function in the long run. The mismatch between flow velocity and fish density within the fishway can cause blockages, increase the risk of collision injuries to fish, and even disrupt the regional food chain structure.

[0058] The core issue in addressing the aforementioned problems lies in the lack of real-time matching between water flow parameters and the behavioral needs of fish schools. To resolve this, the inventors explored the feasibility of combining variable-angle pipes with buoyancy control, considering installing adjustable-angle pipes at the fishway inlet and using buoyancy devices to change the inlet height to adapt to water level differences. Simultaneously, the inventors recognized that simple mechanical adjustment could not respond to changes in fish density, necessitating the introduction of a real-time monitoring unit to form a closed-loop control system. After comparison, the inventors abandoned traditional hydraulic or motor-driven adjustment schemes, opting instead for pneumatic buoyancy regulation due to its advantages of rapid response, low energy consumption, and resistance to water flow impact. Ultimately, this application integrates fish density monitoring and buoyancy pneumatic regulation into a single system, forming a dynamic control mechanism based on real-time data.

[0059] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0060] Example 1

[0061] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the adaptive tubular fishway system shown in the embodiments of this application.

[0062] See Figures 1 to 3 This application proposes an adaptive tubular fishway system, comprising:

[0063] Fishway 1 includes a first pipe 11 and a second pipe 12, which are connected by a flexible hose 13. The inlet of the first pipe 11 is located in the water storage area, and the outlet of the second pipe 12 connects to the downstream river channel. The first pipe 11 and the second pipe 12 can be connected using polymer material pipes in conjunction with the rubber hose 13 and clamps to form a flexible channel. The first pipe 11 is responsible for drawing water from the water storage area, and the second pipe 12 is responsible for transporting the water flow to the downstream river channel. The flexible hose 13 allows the first pipe 11 to be adjusted in angle within a certain range.

[0064] A buoyancy device 2, mounted on the first pipe 11, includes a buoyancy ball 21, an air pressure regulating device 22, and a first pressure sensor 23. Both the air pressure regulating device 22 and the first pressure sensor 23 are located inside the buoyancy ball 21. The air pressure regulating device 22 regulates the air pressure inside the buoyancy ball 21, and the first pressure sensor 23 detects the air pressure inside the buoyancy ball 21. The buoyancy device 2 is preferably installed on the fixing rod 62 near the inlet of the first pipe 11. This location design fully utilizes the buoyancy effect of the buoyancy ball 21 to change the tilt angle of the first pipe 11 relative to the second pipe 12, significantly reducing the buoyancy requirement of the buoyancy device 2 compared to other installation locations.

[0065] The air pressure regulating device 22 adjusts the buoyancy of the buoyancy ball 21 by changing the amount of gas inside the buoyancy ball 21, thereby controlling the flow rate at the inlet of the first pipe 11. The first pressure sensor 23 provides real-time monitoring data of the internal air pressure, and the control system 4 uses this data to precisely control the operation of the air pressure regulating device 22, achieving fine adjustment of the water depth at the inlet. Specifically, when the buoyancy ball 21 rises, the inlet height increases, and the inlet flow rate decreases; when the buoyancy ball 21 sinks, the inlet height decreases, and the inlet flow rate increases.

[0066] Fish density monitoring unit 3 is located at the inlet of the first pipe 11 and the outlet of the second pipe 12, and is used to monitor the fish density within the first pipe 11. Fish density monitoring unit 3 provides data support to control system 4 by counting the number of fish at the inlet and outlet. It can be implemented using an image acquisition device with camera functionality, a fish finder, ultrasonic monitoring equipment, or an infrared reflection sensor. When using an image acquisition device, it needs to be combined with an image recognition algorithm to analyze the video stream data to count the fish density.

[0067] The control system 4 is connected to the fish density monitoring unit 3 and the buoyancy device 2. It is used to control the air pressure of the buoyancy ball 21 through the air pressure regulating device 22 based on the fish density data obtained by the fish density monitoring unit 3, so as to regulate the pitch angle of the first pipe 11.

[0068] The control system 4, fish density monitoring unit 3, and buoyancy device 2 form a closed-loop control link. Fish density monitoring unit 3 transmits real-time monitored fish density data to control system 4; control system 4 calculates the required pitch angle of the first pipe 11 based on this data and sends a command to air pressure regulating device 22 to adjust the air pressure inside buoyancy ball 21. Changes in air pressure cause changes in buoyancy, which in turn alter the pitch angle of the first pipe 11. First pressure sensor 23 continuously provides feedback data on the air pressure inside buoyancy ball 21 to ensure control accuracy. This closed-loop mechanism allows the system to dynamically adjust the angle of the first pipe 11 according to fish density, optimizing water flow conditions within fish passage 1. For example, when fish density is too high, control system 4 can command an increase in the sinking amplitude of buoyancy ball 21 to accelerate water flow.

[0069] This application integrates real-time fish density monitoring with buoyancy adjustment mechanisms to achieve dynamic adaptive control of the fishway system, significantly improving its environmental adaptability and responsiveness. The system can automatically optimize the pitch angle and flow conditions of the first conduit 11 based on real-time fish density data, effectively solving the inherent shortcomings of traditional fixed-structure fishways 1 in adapting to changes in fish density and environment. Improved flow conditions through buoyancy adjustment reduce energy consumption for fish passing through fishway 1, increasing their migration success rate. Furthermore, the system's real-time monitoring and adjustment functions provide valuable data support for fish behavior research, contributing to the continuous optimization of fishway 1 design and management strategies.

[0070] Example 2

[0071] In the actual operation of the fishway system, the water level difference between the upstream and downstream of the dam can easily cause sudden changes in water flow velocity at the connection between the first pipe 11 and the second pipe 12, generating hydraulic impact on fish passing through fishway 1. Simultaneously, due to the lack of real-time monitoring capabilities for key water flow parameters of fishway 1, it is difficult to accurately control the water flow state to adapt to the behavioral needs of different fish species. To overcome the above technical deficiencies, Embodiment 2 of this application further designs a corresponding structure based on Embodiment 1, such as... Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the fishway system also includes a buffer zone 5, which is located on one side of the dam;

[0072] The second pipeline 12 is located on one side of the dam, with its outlet extending to the downstream river channel and its inlet extending to the water storage area.

[0073] The second pipe 12 includes a first branch pipe 121 and a second branch pipe 122;

[0074] The outlet end of the first branch pipe 121 and the inlet end of the second branch pipe 122 are connected through the buffer room 5, and the height of the outlet end of the first branch pipe 121 is lower than the height of the inlet end of the second branch pipe 122, forming a stepped water flow channel.

[0075] The buffer chamber 5 is provided with an observation area 51 and two parallel buffer baffles 52. The observation area 51 is suspended relative to the bottom wall of the buffer chamber 5. The observation area 51 is provided with a data acquisition module 53 connected to the control system 4 and a high-definition camera module. The data acquisition module 53 integrates a flow sensor, a second pressure sensor and a water quality sensor. The buffer baffles 52 are located below the observation area 51. The two buffer baffles 52 divide the outlet water flow of the first branch pipe 121 into two interconnected loops to slow down the water flow rate.

[0076] The shooting end of the high-definition camera module is oriented towards the loop.

[0077] Specifically, the buffer chamber 5 can be constructed of reinforced concrete and is a building-like structure installed on one side of the dam. The buffer chamber 5 can be configured according to actual needs, for example, 2-5 meters long, 2-5 meters wide, and 2-4 meters high. The observation area 51 can be made of transparent acrylic material, with dimensions of 1 meter long, 1 meter wide, and 0.5 meters high, and a suspension height of 1-2 meters. The observation area 51 can be fixed to the side wall of the buffer chamber 5 or fixed using brackets. The two buffer baffles 52 can be made of stainless steel, and the spacing can be set as needed. The data acquisition module 53 can use an industrial-grade PLC controller, integrating an ultrasonic flow sensor, a pressure transmitter, and a multi-parameter water quality analyzer. When the water flow enters the buffer chamber 5 from the first branch pipe 121, it is forced into two independent streams by the obstruction of the buffer baffles 52. The two streams converge at the gap between the baffles to form a vortex area, reducing the overall flow velocity. The data acquisition module 53 transmits flow rate, pressure, and water quality data to the control system 4 in real time, providing multi-dimensional ecological data for subsequent adjustment of the flow control valve 14 in the second pipeline 12. The stepped structure within the buffer chamber 5, through the height difference between the first branch pipe 121 and the second branch pipe 122, allows the water flow to naturally rise under gravity. Simultaneously, the double-loop structure formed by the buffer baffle 52 extends the water flow path, providing a place for fish to rest briefly. In some embodiments, a walkway is provided in the buffer chamber 5 to serve as an observation area for researchers.

[0078] In another feasible approach, for scenarios where there is a significant height difference between the reservoir and the downstream river channel, a serpentine pipe can be used in the second branch pipe 122 or a specific section of the second branch pipe 122. The serpentine pipe is laid along the mountainside, thereby reducing the installation angle of the second pipe 12 and further slowing down the water flow by increasing the flow path, thus reducing the energy consumption of fish during migration.

[0079] In this embodiment, the buffer zone 5 effectively slows down the water flow, providing fish with a brief resting space. The configuration of the observation area 51 and the data acquisition module 53 enables the system to monitor water flow parameters in real time, providing decision-making support for the control system 4. The design of the buffer baffle 52 further optimizes the water flow path and reduces the impact of turbulence on fish. These improvements significantly enhance the efficiency and eco-friendliness of the fishway system, providing a more suitable migration environment for fish with different swimming abilities.

[0080] Furthermore, the outlet of the second pipe 12 is equipped with a flow control valve 14, which is connected to the control system 4;

[0081] Based on the fish density data, the control system 4 synchronously adjusts the pitch angle of the first pipe 11 and the opening degree of the flow control valve 14.

[0082] Specifically, the flow control valve 14 is fixed to the end of the second pipe 12 via a flange connection. The flow control valve 14 is existing technology and will not be described in detail here. The flow control valve 14 is electrically connected to the control system 4. Based on the fish density data acquired by the fish density monitoring unit 3, the control system 4 synchronously adjusts the pitch angle of the first pipe 11 and the opening of the flow control valve 14. When a high fish density is detected, the control system 4 reduces the internal air pressure of the buoyancy ball 21 through the air pressure regulating device 22, causing the inlet of the first pipe 11 to sink and increasing the water flow in the fish passage 1. Simultaneously, it controls the flow control valve 14 to increase its opening to reduce the water velocity. Conversely, when a low fish density is detected, the control system 4 increases the internal air pressure of the buoyancy ball 21, increasing the pitch angle of the first pipe 11, causing the inlet of the first pipe 11 to rise and reducing the water flow in the fish passage 1. It also selects to increase or decrease the opening of the flow control valve 14 according to the characteristics of the fish.

[0083] In this embodiment, the flow control valve 14 is used to compensate for the flow rate and pressure of the water in the fishway 1. When the inlet flow rate increases, the opening of the flow control valve 14 increases to maintain a stable flow rate at the outlet. When the inlet flow rate decreases, the opening of the flow control valve 14 decreases to prevent a sudden drop in pressure. This enables the fishway system to adaptively adjust to changes in fish density and ensures that the flow rate in the pipe can be stably maintained within the range suitable for fish migration.

[0084] Example 3

[0085] To improve the stability of fishway 1, based on Examples 1 and 2, please refer to... Figure 6 The fishway system also includes a support mechanism 6, which includes a fixed support 61, a fixed rod 62, a hinge 63 and a locker 64.

[0086] The fixed support 61 is fixed on the dam. The end of the fixed rod 62 is hinged to the fixed support 61 through the hinge 63. The fixed rod 62 and the fixed support 61 form a rotating pair through the hinge 63. The rotation axis of the hinge 63 is perpendicular to the axial extension direction of the fixed rod 62. The fixed rod 62 is connected to the first pipe 11, and the axial direction of the fixed rod 62 is in the same direction as the axial direction of the first pipe 11.

[0087] The locker 64 has a locked state and an unlocked state;

[0088] When the locking device 64 is in the locked state, the relative angle between the fixing rod 62 and the fixing support 61 is fixed;

[0089] When the locking device 64 is in the unlocked state, the fixing rod 62 can rotate relative to the fixing support 61;

[0090] The locking device 64 is connected to the control system 4. When the control system 4 controls the air pressure of the buoyancy ball 21 through the air pressure regulating device 22, it controls the locking device 64 to switch from the locked state to the unlocked state. The locking device 64 uses an electromagnetic drive to achieve the state switching, and its control signal is triggered synchronously with the air pressure regulating command of the buoyancy device 2.

[0091] Specifically, when fish density data triggers an angle adjustment requirement, the control system 4 sends an unlocking command to the locker 64, at which point the fixing rod 62 is released from angle constraint. The buoyancy device 2 drives the pipe pitch angle adjustment through air pressure changes. Once the angle adjustment is complete, the control system 4 controls the locker 64 to return to the locked state, and the fixing rod 62 forms a rigid connection with the fixed support 61. The control system 4 can control the electromagnetic lock to switch on and off according to the fish density data, thereby locking or releasing the fixing rod 62. Simultaneously, it controls the air pressure of the buoyancy ball 21 to adjust the pitch angle of the first pipe 11, thus adapting to different fish densities and water flow conditions. Furthermore, the locker 64 can employ a double-safety design, automatically returning to the locked state in the event of a power outage to prevent structural instability due to system failure.

[0092] In this embodiment, the locking device 64 of the support mechanism 6 is linked with the control system 4, and can automatically unlock the fixing rod 62 based on real-time data such as fish density, thereby adjusting the pitch angle of the first pipe 11 in conjunction with the buoyancy device 2. This dynamic adjustment mechanism improves the adaptability of the fishway 1 to different fish densities and water flow conditions, effectively improving the fish passage efficiency. At the same time, the locking mechanism remains locked in the non-adjusted state, ensuring the stability and safety of the fishway 1 structure, thereby reducing the impact of water flow on the fixing rod 62.

[0093] Furthermore, the aforementioned locking device 64 includes a magnetic door switch 641, a spring 642, and a magnet 643;

[0094] The hinge 63 includes a first hinge 631 and a second hinge 632. The first hinge 631 is provided with a first bushing, and the second hinge 632 is provided with a second bushing. The end face of the first bushing is provided with a first end face gear 633, and the end face of the second bushing is provided with a second end face gear 634. The first end face gear 633 and the second end face gear 634 are arranged opposite to each other.

[0095] The first bushing and the second bushing are provided with a pin 635, and the spring 642 is sleeved on the pin 635. The two ends of the pin 635 are provided with radially enlarged limiting bosses, one of which abuts against the second bushing, and the other end of which abuts against the spring 642. The spring 642 abuts against the first bushing.

[0096] The magnetic door switch 641 is fixed on the fixed support 61, and the magnetic end of the magnetic door switch 641 faces the first end face of the first hinge 631. The first end face of the first hinge 631 is provided with the magnet 643.

[0097] When the magnetic door switch 641 is energized, it generates a magnetic force to attract the magnet 643, so that the first hinge 631 moves away from the second hinge 632 along the axial direction of the pin 635, thereby disengaging the first end face gear 633 from the second end face gear 634.

[0098] When the door magnetic switch 641 loses its magnetic force in the power-off state, the first end face gear 633 is connected to the second end face gear 634 through the spring 642.

[0099] The teeth of the first end face gear 633 and the second end face gear 634 are triangular prisms.

[0100] Specifically, the magnetic door switch 641 and the magnet 643 work together to achieve the energized attraction and de-energized separation of the lock 64. The spring 642, sleeved on the pin 635, provides axial restoring force, ensuring the tight meshing of the first end-face gear 633 and the second end-face gear 634 in the de-energized state. The end-face gears of the first and second bushings adopt a triangular tooth structure, which increases the tooth surface contact area and improves meshing stability. The limiting bosses at both ends of the pin 635 limit the axial displacement range of the first and second bushings, preventing the spring 642 from being over-compressed or relaxed. The separation action of the first hinge 631 and the second hinge 632 is driven by the magnetic attraction of the magnetic door switch 641, with a response speed controlled in milliseconds.

[0101] When the control system 4 sends an unlock command, the magnetic door switch 641 is energized, generating magnetic force that attracts the magnet 643 on the end face of the first hinge 631, causing the first hinge 631 to move axially along the pin 635, compressing the spring 642 and disengaging from the second hinge 632. At this time, the first end face gear 633 and the second end face gear 634 are disengaged, and the fixing rod 62 can rotate freely around the hinge 63. When the control system 4 sends a lock command, the magnetic door switch 641 is de-energized, the magnetic force disappears, the spring 642 pushes the first hinge 631 back to its original position, causing the first end face gear 633 and the second end face gear 634 to re-engage. The wedge-shaped structure of the triangular teeth provides automatic guidance during engagement, avoiding problems with abnormal engagement.

[0102] Furthermore, the aforementioned support mechanism 6 also includes a plurality of fiber optic sensors arranged in an array. The plurality of fiber optic sensors are distributed along the axial direction of the first pipe 11. The fiber optic sensors are used to detect the curvature data of the first pipe 11 and transmit the curvature data to the control system 4. The control system 4 sends an alarm reminder based on the curvature data.

[0103] Specifically, fiber optic sensors can be fiber Bragg grating sensors. These sensors are uniformly arranged along the axial direction of the first pipe 11, with a spacing of 0.5 meters. Each fiber Bragg grating sensor contains 10 grating units, with a center wavelength range of 1510 nm to 1590 nm. The fiber Bragg grating sensors are connected to a spectrometer via fiber optic connectors. The spectrometer transmits the acquired spectral data to the control system 4 for analysis and processing. The fiber optic sensor array covers the connection area between the support mechanism 6 and the first pipe 11 along the pipe axial direction, extending to the middle of the pipe. When the locking device 64 unlocks and the fixing rod 62 rotates, the fiber optic sensors capture the pipe bending deformation data in real time. The control system 4 compares this data with historical safety data models to determine whether the pipe is within the elastic deformation range. If the bending data exceeds a preset threshold for three consecutive samplings, the control system 4 immediately locks the support mechanism 6 and sends an alarm message to the monitoring terminal, while simultaneously storing the abnormal data for subsequent structural optimization analysis. This monitoring mechanism, together with the dynamic adjustment function of the support mechanism 6, forms a closed-loop control, ensuring the structural integrity of the pipe during pitch angle adjustments. In a preferred implementation, the control system 4 incorporates a bend calculation module, which calculates the bend of the first pipe 11 based on the wavelength drift of the fiber Bragg grating sensor. When the detected bend exceeds a preset threshold, the control system 4 automatically sends an alarm message to the administrator's mobile terminal. The alarm message includes key information such as the bend location and bend angle, facilitating timely maintenance by the administrator.

[0104] Furthermore, an acoustic and light inducer 15 and a biomimetic rock cover 16 are provided at the inlet of the first pipe 11 and the outlet of the second pipe 12, and the fish density monitoring unit 3 is located inside the biomimetic rock cover 16.

[0105] The acoustic-optical inducer 15 includes a programmable LED light group and an underwater speaker. The LED light group emits blue-green light in a pulsed mode, and the underwater speaker plays sound wave signals of a specific frequency. The biomimetic rock cover 16 is molded from a porous basalt fiber-reinforced resin matrix composite material, with an uneven texture on its outer surface and a honeycomb-shaped flow guiding cavity inside. The acoustic-optical inducer 15 is embedded in the recessed area at the top of the biomimetic rock cover 16, and the two are physically isolated by a waterproof sealing ring. The bottom of the biomimetic rock cover 16 is fixed to a concrete base with expansion bolts, and its opening axis forms a 15° angle with the pipe axis.

[0106] As the fish approach the pipe opening, the LED lights flash alternately at a frequency of 2Hz, emitting light in the 470-520nm wavelength range. Simultaneously, the underwater speaker emits broadband sound waves in the 20-200Hz range, creating a combined audiovisual stimulus. The honeycomb flow-guiding cavity of the biomimetic rock cover 16 reduces the water flow velocity to 0.3-0.5m / s, and the surface texture creates a turbulent boundary layer. The light signal generated by the acoustic-optical inducer 15 is scattered through the porous structure, forming a 1.2m diameter light spot area. After refraction by the flow-guiding cavity, the sound pressure level attenuates to below 110dB. Guided by the audiovisual signals, the fish swim along the light spot area. When they enter the pipe through the 15° inclined opening, the flow-diverting effect of the honeycomb flow-guiding cavity reduces the water flow impact force by 42%, and the vortices formed by the uneven surface provide a propulsive effect. The internal cavity volume of the biomimetic rock cover 16 accounts for 65% of its total volume, ensuring that water pressure fluctuations are buffered through cavity compression during sudden changes in flow velocity.

[0107] In this embodiment, the acoustic and light guide 15 simulates the light and sound environment preferred by fish, enhancing their attraction. The biomimetic rock cover 16 provides a visual environment similar to their natural habitat, reducing stress responses in fish. This combined design significantly improves the efficiency of fish entering and leaving the fishway 1, reducing the time fish spend lingering at the entrance and exit. Simultaneously, the biomimetic rock cover 16 also protects the acoustic and light guide equipment, extending its service life.

[0108] Furthermore, the fish density monitoring unit 3 includes a camera, which uses an image recognition algorithm to count the fish density and movement trajectory near the first pipe 11 and the second pipe 12, and transmits the data to the control system 4.

[0109] Cameras are installed at the inlet of the first pipe 11 and the outlet of the second pipe 12, continuously collecting real-time images of the area near the pipes. The image recognition algorithm is based on a convolutional neural network, learning the morphological features and movement patterns of different fish species through a training set to identify and track fish targets in the video stream. The motion trajectory analysis module extracts parameters such as the swimming direction, speed, and distribution density of the fish school, generating structured data packets. Data transmission uses a wired communication interface to ensure real-time performance and anti-interference capabilities. As a preferred implementation, the camera housing is waterproof and integrates a supplementary lighting unit to enhance image output quality.

[0110] The camera captures video images of the inlet area at a fixed frame rate, and the image preprocessing module eliminates image distortion caused by water flow fluctuations. A convolutional neural network extracts features from the preprocessed images and outputs the identification results of the number and species of fish. The motion trajectory analysis module calculates the average swimming speed and direction vector of the fish school by combining the target displacement between consecutive frames. Density and trajectory data are encrypted and transmitted to the control system 4. The control system 4 triggers the air pressure regulation mechanism of the buoyancy ball 21 based on the density threshold, and simultaneously optimizes the pitch angle adjustment strategy based on the trajectory data. For example, when the fish school shows a rapid upward movement trend, the system prioritizes increasing the pipe pitch angle to reduce water flow resistance.

[0111] In this embodiment, non-contact monitoring is achieved through computer vision technology. The multi-scale feature fusion mechanism accurately identifies individual targets in dense fish schools, and the optical flow tracing algorithm eliminates the interference of water flow disturbance on trajectory interpretation. The fish school density heat map established thereby can provide accurate decision-making basis for pitch angle adjustment and significantly improve the dynamic response accuracy of the fishway system.

[0112] like Figure 5 As shown, the buoyancy ball 21 includes a shell 211, which is made of carbon fiber composite material. The shell 211 has a cylindrical structure and an opening at one end, which is sealed by an elastic seal 212.

[0113] The air pressure regulating device 22 includes a miniature air pump 221, an air pipe and a solenoid valve 222. One end of the air pipe is connected to an external air source, and the other end passes through the housing 211 and is connected to the miniature air pump 221. The contact between the air pipe and the housing 211 is sealed with potting compound.

[0114] The solenoid valve 222 is mounted on the housing 211, and both the solenoid valve 222 and the micro air pump 221 are connected to the control system 4.

[0115] Specifically, the buoyancy ball 21 shell 211 is molded from carbon fiber composite material, with circular openings at both ends or one end of its cylindrical structure. The elastic seal 212 is a butyl rubber gasket, and the opening is fitted with a butyl rubber gasket. The miniature air pump 221 is fixed at the center inside the shell 211. The air pipe is made of polytetrafluoroethylene and passes through the opening at the top of the shell 211, achieving airtight sealing with epoxy resin potting compound. The solenoid valve 222 is installed on the side wall of the shell 211 using a threaded connection, and its valve core is made of copper alloy. When the control system 4 sends a pressurization command, the miniature air pump 221 starts to draw in external air, and at the same time, the solenoid valve 222 opens the air intake channel, allowing air to enter the interior of the shell 211 through the air pipe. When depressurization is required, the solenoid valve 222 switches to the exhaust channel, and the miniature air pump 221 reverses to discharge gas.

[0116] In this embodiment, the carbon fiber shell 211 reduces its weight while ensuring structural strength, and the double-sealing design of the elastic sealant 212 and potting compound prevents high-pressure gas leakage. The coordinated control of the micro air pump 221 and the solenoid valve 222 enables precise adjustment of air pressure at the millimeter-mercury level, thereby ensuring the buoyancy stability of the buoyancy ball 21 under different water depths. This structural design improves the response speed of the air pressure regulation system to the second level, while reducing equipment failure rate and providing reliable power support for the dynamic adjustment of the fishway system.

[0117] Example 4

[0118] The control system 4 adjusts the pipe pitch angle and flow control valve 14 based on real-time fish density data. However, the real-time data only reflects the current state and cannot predict the fish activity trend and water pressure changes, resulting in a delay in the control command and affecting the fish passage efficiency. To solve the above problems, this application embodiment 4 improves the control system 4 based on embodiments 1 to 3. The control system 4 of this application embodiment 4 has a built-in machine learning module. The machine learning module analyzes historical fish activity data and water flow parameters based on long short-term memory neural networks, predicts the peak fish density and water pressure change trend, and generates advance control commands to optimize the control system 4's control of the pitch angle of the first pipe 11.

[0119] Specifically, the control system 4 integrates a machine learning module, which includes a prediction model built based on a long short-term memory neural network. Historical fish activity data includes hourly records of peak fish density, fish movement trajectory distribution, and dwell time. Water flow parameters cover the flow velocity at the inlet of the first pipe 11, the water pressure at the outlet of the second pipe 12, and the flow rate in the buffer zone 5. The data acquisition period is set to 30 consecutive days with a sampling interval of 5 minutes, forming a dataset containing temporal features. The input layer of the long short-term memory neural network contains 48 time steps, corresponding to a data window of the past four hours. The output layer generates predicted fish density and water pressure change gradients for the next two hours. The prediction model optimizes the weight parameters through a backpropagation algorithm, and the loss function uses a weighted combination of mean squared error and gradient rate of change. When it is predicted that the fish density will reach the threshold in 15 minutes, the machine learning module generates a control command, triggering the air pressure regulating device 22 in advance to reduce the internal air pressure of the buoyancy ball 21 at a rate of 3 Pascals per second, so that the pitch angle of the first pipe 11 is gradually adjusted to the optimal angle for fish passage during the predicted period.

[0120] In this embodiment, this application effectively solves the problem of delayed regulation caused by the inability to predict fish activity trends due to the static design of traditional fishways 1. By analyzing and predicting time-series data, the pipe angle is adjusted in advance to match the upcoming peak fish density, avoiding channel congestion caused by real-time response delays. At the same time, the prediction of water pressure change trends enables the system to balance the buoyancy adjustment rate and water pressure fluctuations in advance, reducing the risk of fatigue damage to the pipe structure caused by sudden pressure changes, and ensuring dynamic adaptation between the pitch angle adjustment process and the fluid dynamics state.

[0121] The various embodiments of this application have been described above. These descriptions are exemplary and not exhaustive, nor are they limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen to best explain the principles, practical application, or improvement of the technology in the market, or to enable others skilled in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An adaptive tubular fishway system, characterized in that, include: Fishway (1) includes a first pipe (11) and a second pipe (12). The first pipe (11) and the second pipe (12) are connected by a hose (13). The inlet of the first pipe (11) is located in the water storage area, and the outlet of the second pipe (12) is connected to the downstream river channel. A buoyancy device (2) is installed on the first pipe (11) and includes a buoyancy ball (21), an air pressure regulating device (22) and a first pressure sensor (23). The air pressure regulating device (22) and the first pressure sensor (23) are both installed inside the buoyancy ball (21). The air pressure regulating device (22) is used to regulate the air pressure inside the buoyancy ball (21), and the first pressure sensor (23) is used to detect the air pressure inside the buoyancy ball (21). Fish density monitoring unit (3) is installed at the inlet of the first pipe (11) and the outlet of the second pipe (12) to monitor the fish density in the first pipe (11). The control system (4) is connected to the fish density monitoring unit (3) and the buoyancy device (2) and is used to control the air pressure of the buoyancy ball (21) through the air pressure regulating device (22) based on the fish density data obtained by the fish density monitoring unit (3) in order to regulate the pitch angle of the first pipe (11).

2. The adaptive tubular fishway system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a buffer zone (5), which is located on one side of the dam; The second pipeline (12) is located on one side of the dam. The outlet of the second pipeline (12) extends to the downstream river channel, and the inlet of the second pipeline (12) extends to the water storage area. The second pipe (12) includes a first branch pipe (121) and a second branch pipe (122); The outlet end of the first branch pipe (121) is connected to the inlet end of the second branch pipe (122) through a buffer room (5), and the height of the outlet end of the first branch pipe (121) is lower than the height of the inlet end of the second branch pipe (122). The buffer room (5) is provided with an observation area (51) and two parallel buffer baffles (52). The observation area (51) is suspended relative to the bottom wall of the buffer room (5). The observation area (51) is provided with a data acquisition module (53) connected to the control system (4) and a high-definition camera module. The data acquisition module (53) integrates a flow sensor, a second pressure sensor and a water quality sensor. The buffer baffles (52) are located below the observation area (51). The two buffer baffles (52) divide the outlet water flow of the first branch pipe (121) into two interconnected loops to slow down the water flow rate. The camera module's shooting end faces the circuit.

3. The adaptive tubular fishway system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outlet of the second pipe (12) is equipped with a flow control valve (14), which is connected to the control system (4); The control system (4) synchronously adjusts the pitch angle of the first pipe (11) and the opening degree of the flow control valve (14) based on the fish density data.

4. The adaptive tubular fishway system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a support mechanism (6), which includes a fixed support (61), a fixed rod (62), a hinge (63) and a lock (64); The fixed support (61) is fixed on the dam. The end of the fixed rod (62) is hinged to the fixed support (61) through the hinge (63). The fixed rod (62) is connected to the first pipe (11), and the axial direction of the fixed rod (62) is the same as the axial direction of the first pipe (11). The locker (64) has a locked state and an unlocked state; When the locking device (64) is in the locked state, the relative angle between the fixing rod (62) and the fixing support (61) is fixed; When the lock (64) is in the unlocked state, the fixing rod (62) can rotate relative to the fixing support (61); The locking device (64) is connected to the control system (4). When the control system (4) controls the air pressure of the buoyancy ball (21) through the air pressure regulating device (22), it controls the locking device (64) to switch from the locked state to the unlocked state.

5. The adaptive tubular fishway system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The locking device (64) includes a door magnetic switch (641), a spring (642), and a magnet (643); The hinge (63) includes a first hinge (631) and a second hinge (632). The first hinge (631) is provided with a first bushing, and the second hinge (632) is provided with a second bushing. The end face of the first bushing is provided with a first end face gear (633), and the end face of the second bushing is provided with a second end face gear (634). The first end face gear (633) and the second end face gear (634) are arranged opposite to each other. The first bushing and the second bushing are provided with a pin (635), and the spring (642) is sleeved on the pin (635). The two ends of the pin (635) are provided with radially enlarged limiting bosses, one of which abuts against the second bushing, and the other end of which abuts against the spring (642). The spring (642) abuts against the first bushing. The magnetic door switch (641) is fixed on the fixed support (61), and the magnetic end of the magnetic door switch (641) faces the first end face of the first hinge (631), and the first end face of the first hinge (631) is provided with the magnet (643). When the magnetic door switch (641) is energized, it generates a magnetic force to attract the magnet (643), so that the first hinge (631) moves away from the second hinge (632) along the axial direction of the pin (635), thereby disengaging the first end face gear (633) from the second end face gear (634). When the door magnetic switch (641) loses its magnetic force in the power-off state, the first end face gear (633) is engaged with the second end face gear (634) through the spring (642); The teeth of the first end face gear (633) and the second end face gear (634) are triangular prisms.

6. The adaptive tubular fishway system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The support mechanism (6) also includes several arrayed fiber optic sensors. The fiber optic sensors are distributed along the axial direction of the first pipe (11). The fiber optic sensors are used to detect the curvature data of the first pipe (11) and transmit the curvature data to the control system (4). The control system (4) sends an alarm reminder based on the curvature data.

7. The adaptive tubular fishway system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inlet of the first pipe (11) and the outlet of the second pipe (12) are equipped with a sound and light inducer (15) and a biomimetic rock cover (16), and the fish density monitoring unit (3) is located inside the biomimetic rock cover (16).

8. The adaptive tubular fishway system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fish density monitoring unit (3) includes a camera. The camera uses an image recognition algorithm to count the fish density and movement trajectory near the first pipe (11) and the second pipe (12), and transmits the data to the control system (4).

9. The adaptive tubular fishway system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The buoyancy ball (21) includes a shell (211) made of carbon fiber composite material. The shell (211) is a cylindrical structure with an opening at the end, and the opening is sealed by an elastic seal (212). The air pressure regulating device (22) includes a miniature air pump (221), an air pipe and a solenoid valve (222). One end of the air pipe is connected to an external air source, and the other end passes through the housing (211) and is connected to the miniature air pump (221). The contact between the air pipe and the housing (211) is sealed with potting compound. The solenoid valve (222) is located on the housing (211), and both the solenoid valve (222) and the micro air pump (221) are connected to the control system (4).

10. The adaptive tubular fishway system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The control system (4) has a built-in machine learning module. The machine learning module analyzes historical fish activity data and water flow parameters based on long short-term memory neural networks, predicts the peak fish density and water flow pressure change trend, and generates advance control instructions to optimize the control system (4) to control the pitch angle of the first pipe (11).

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