Ceramic tile unit type dry hanging construction method based on back bolt type combined hanging piece

Abstract

The invention provides a ceramic tile unit type dry hanging construction method based on back bolt type combined pendants, and relates to the technical field of building construction.The method comprises the steps that vertical keels and transverse keels are installed, the arrangement of the transverse keels is determined according to brick joint positions in a ceramic tile arrangement map, the middle combined pendants share one transverse keel, and the middle combined pendants share one transverse keel; transverse keels are independently arranged at the end adjusting hanging pieces; middle combined hanging pieces and end adjusting hanging pieces are customized, and the middle combined hanging pieces are formed by connecting back bolt hanging pieces and aluminum alloy combined components through bolts and used for combining the multiple ceramic tiles into unit plates; the end adjusting hanging piece is composed of an E-shaped hanging piece and an L-shaped base, and adjustment in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction is achieved. Back bolt holes are formed in the back faces of the ceramic tiles, back bolt heads are installed, back bolt hanging pieces are fixed, the multiple ceramic tiles are assembled into a unit plate through combined components, and tile joints and flatness are adjusted. The construction efficiency, the installation quality, the structural safety, the economical efficiency and the durability are comprehensively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building construction technology, and in particular to a method for dry-hanging ceramic tile units based on back-bolted combination hangers. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of architectural decoration and renovation, the use of imitation stone ceramic tile cladding for interior and exterior walls is becoming increasingly popular due to its aesthetic appeal, economy, and durability. Dry-hanging technology, as the primary installation method, offers advantages over wet-laying methods, including pipeline separation, high installation precision, and a shorter construction period, making it particularly suitable for large public buildings and high-rise buildings.

[0003] Currently, traditional dry-hanging tile installation methods mainly suffer from the following technical defects:

[0004] First, there are safety concerns. Regular ceramic tiles have limited thickness, and if metal backing strips are fabricated and installed on-site, the connection strength cannot be guaranteed, posing a risk of the decorative panel detaching and failing to meet safety and compliance requirements. However, using custom-made, thicker tiles to improve safety introduces new problems.

[0005] Secondly, it is not economical and the construction is complicated. When using back bolts to directly hang thickened tiles, the horizontal keel used to fix each back bolt bracket usually cannot be shared vertically, which leads to a significant increase in the amount of keel used. This not only increases the project cost and structural load, but also makes the keel positioning and installation process complicated and the construction efficiency low.

[0006] Furthermore, it lacks adaptability. Some have attempted to adopt the SE hanging system of stone curtain walls to achieve shared keel, but the cross-sectional thickness of ceramic tiles is usually much smaller than that of stone, making it difficult to meet the groove depth and strength requirements of SE hanging, thus limiting its application.

[0007] Finally, installation efficiency and precision need to be improved. Existing processes mostly use a single decorative panel installation method, which fails to achieve unitized and modular installation. This method is labor-intensive, slow, and requires high technical skills from workers, making it difficult to guarantee the overall flatness and uniformity of seam width of large-area decorative surfaces. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for dry-hanging of ceramic tile units based on back-bolted combination hangers, which achieves a comprehensive improvement in construction efficiency, installation quality, structural safety, economy and durability.

[0009] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0010] A method for unitized dry-hanging construction of ceramic tiles based on back-bolted combination hangers, the method comprising:

[0011] Step S1: Draw a layout diagram based on the construction drawings and actual site dimensions to determine the arrangement of the tile combination units. The horizontal dimension of the combination unit shall not exceed 600mm and the vertical dimension shall not exceed 1800mm.

[0012] Step S2: Install vertical and horizontal keels. The arrangement of the horizontal keels is determined according to the tile joint positions in the tile layout diagram. The middle assembly hangers share a common horizontal keel, while the end adjustment hangers are equipped with separate horizontal keels.

[0013] Step S3: Customize the central assembly bracket and the end adjustment bracket. The central assembly bracket is formed by connecting the back bolt bracket and the aluminum alloy assembly component with bolts, and is used to combine multiple tiles into a unit panel. The end adjustment bracket consists of an E-type bracket and an L-type base to achieve horizontal and vertical adjustment.

[0014] Step S4: Open back bolt holes on the back of the tile, install back bolt heads and fix back bolt hangers, assemble multiple tiles into a unit board by combining components, and adjust the tile joints and flatness.

[0015] Step S5: Use glass suction cups to hang the unit panel as a whole on the horizontal keel, and make three-dimensional position fine adjustments by adjusting the hangers;

[0016] Step S6: Clean the brick joints and apply grout to ensure a consistent overall appearance.

[0017] The above-described solution of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0018] This method clarifies the dimensions of the tile assembly unit (horizontal ≤ 600mm, vertical ≤ 1800mm) in step S1, and adopts a ground-prefabricated unit panel mode in step S4. First, back bolt holes are opened on the ground and back bolt hangers are installed. Then, multiple tiles are assembled into an overall unit panel through assembly components. Compared with the traditional single tile high-altitude dry hanging, this mode transfers more than 80% of the assembly work to the ground, greatly reducing the time and risk of high-altitude operations. At the same time, the standardized size design of the unit panel (step S1) can realize batch prefabrication, further shortening the construction cycle.

[0019] In step S2, the horizontal keel is arranged according to the brick joint position. The design of sharing the middle horizontal keel and setting the end horizontal keel directly matches the keel installation with the tile layout, avoiding the repeated rework of installing the keel first and then adjusting the tile position in the traditional construction. In addition, the design of sharing the middle horizontal keel reduces the consumption of keel materials while ensuring the stress, thus reducing material costs and installation time.

[0020] Step S5 utilizes glass suction cups to achieve overall mounting of the unit panel. A single unit panel can cover multiple tiles, increasing mounting efficiency by 3-5 times compared to traditional single-pane installation. Combined with the customized end adjustment brackets (E-type brackets + L-type bases) in step S3 and the three-dimensional position fine-tuning in step S5, installation deviations can be quickly corrected without disassembling the unit panel, avoiding the tedious process of disassembling and reinstalling tiles in traditional dry-hanging, and further improving construction efficiency.

[0021] The design of simultaneously adjusting the brick joints and flatness during the assembly of unit panels in step S4 controls the splicing accuracy of the tiles at the ground prefabrication stage. Through the rigid connection of the combined components and manual fine-tuning, the width deviation of the brick joints in the unit panels can be ≤0.5mm and the flatness deviation can be ≤1mm, which is far superior to the problem of easy misalignment of single-piece splicing in traditional high-altitude operations (traditional brick joint deviation often reaches 2-3mm).

[0022] The customized end adjustment bracket in step S3 can independently achieve horizontal (±5mm) and vertical (±3mm) adjustment. Combined with the three-dimensional fine adjustment in step S5, it can effectively compensate for problems such as keel installation deviation and tile size error during on-site construction, and ultimately make the verticality deviation of the entire tile wall ≤2mm / 2m and the flatness deviation ≤3mm / 2m, meeting the precision requirements of high-level decoration projects.

[0023] Step S6, which involves cleaning the brick joints and applying a special grout, further ensures the uniformity of the brick joint depth and width based on the precise installation of the unit panels. This avoids aesthetic defects such as inconsistent brick joint width and missed grouting in traditional construction. At the same time, the sealing performance of the special grout prevents dust and rainwater from seeping in, balancing aesthetics with ease of cleaning later.

[0024] The combination connection method of back bolt hole + back bolt head + back bolt bracket in steps S3 to S4, through the mechanical interlocking of the back bolt head with the back of the tile (the back bolt hole adopts an enlarged bottom design, and the back bolt head expands to form a rigid fixation with the tile), increases the connection strength between the tile and the bracket by 2-3 times compared with the traditional adhesive or pin method. It can effectively avoid the risk of tile falling off due to vibration and temperature difference deformation, and is especially suitable for the exterior walls of high-rise buildings.

[0025] The central assembly (back bolt bracket + aluminum alloy composite component) is rigidly connected by bolts, which can evenly transfer the load of multiple tiles to the horizontal keel (step S2); the L-shaped base of the end adjustable bracket is fitted to the horizontal keel, further optimizing the load distribution. At the same time, the aluminum alloy composite component (step S3) has excellent corrosion resistance and aging resistance, avoiding the structural failure problem caused by rusting of traditional steel brackets, and extending the service life of the bracket to more than 15 years (the service life of traditional steel brackets is usually 5-8 years).

[0026] The corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy composite components (step S3), the reliability of the back bolt connection (step S4), and the sealing and waterproofing properties of the grout (step S6) together reduce the risk of tile detachment, keel corrosion, and wall seepage, extending the maintenance-free period of the wall to more than 10 years (the maintenance-free period of traditional dry-hanging walls is usually 3-5 years), significantly reducing the labor and material costs of later maintenance.

[0027] The design of the layout drawing in step S1, based on the construction drawings and site dimensions, can be flexibly adapted to different building facade sizes (such as office buildings, hotels, residential exterior walls, etc.); the customized hanging parts in step S3 (middle combination hanging parts, end adjustment hanging parts) can be adjusted according to the tile specifications (such as thickness, size), and are compatible with various tiles with a thickness of 6-20mm (such as marble tiles, antique tiles, slabs, etc.), solving the problem of limited adaptability of traditional dry hanging methods. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of a tile unit dry-hanging construction method based on a back-bolted combination hanger provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0029] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention proposes a method for dry-hanging tile units based on back-bolted combination hangers, the method comprising:

[0031] Step S1: Draw a layout diagram based on the construction drawings and actual site dimensions to determine the arrangement of the tile combination units. The horizontal dimension of the combination unit shall not exceed 600mm and the vertical dimension shall not exceed 1800mm.

[0032] Step S2: Install vertical and horizontal keels. The arrangement of the horizontal keels is determined according to the tile joint positions in the tile layout diagram. The middle assembly hangers share a common horizontal keel, while the end adjustment hangers are equipped with separate horizontal keels.

[0033] Step S3: Customize the central assembly bracket and the end adjustment bracket. The central assembly bracket is formed by connecting the back bolt bracket and the aluminum alloy assembly component with bolts, and is used to combine multiple tiles into a unit panel. The end adjustment bracket consists of an E-type bracket and an L-type base to achieve horizontal and vertical adjustment.

[0034] Step S4: Open back bolt holes on the back of the tile, install back bolt heads and fix back bolt hangers, assemble multiple tiles into a unit board by combining components, and adjust the tile joints and flatness.

[0035] Step S5: Use glass suction cups to hang the unit panel as a whole on the horizontal keel, and make three-dimensional position fine adjustments by adjusting the hangers;

[0036] Step S6: Clean the brick joints and apply grout to ensure a consistent overall appearance.

[0037] In this embodiment of the invention, tile combination units are divided with a size of ≤600mm×1800mm, reducing high-altitude operations by more than 80% with prefabricated floor unit panels; the horizontal keel is precisely arranged according to the tile joints, and the unit panels are hung as a whole, improving efficiency by 3-5 times compared to traditional single-piece installation and shortening the construction cycle by 20%-25%; during the prefabrication stage, the tile joints (deviation ≤0.5mm) and flatness (deviation ≤1mm) of the unit panels are adjusted, and three-dimensional fine-tuning is achieved with the end adjustment brackets, ultimately controlling the verticality and flatness deviations of the wall surface to ≤2mm / 2m and ≤3mm / 2m respectively, with uniform and consistent tile joints; the back-bolt connection increases the fixing strength between the tiles and the brackets by 2-3 times, and the aluminum alloy combination brackets are corrosion-resistant and have a lifespan of over 15 years; the keel and brackets work together to bear the force, and the wind pressure and earthquake resistance meet the specifications, avoiding the risk of tile detachment; the shared use of the central horizontal keel reduces keel material consumption by 15%-20%, and the tile loss rate is reduced to less than 2%; the maintenance-free period is extended to 10 years. With a lifespan of over 10 years, it significantly reduces subsequent maintenance costs. It can be flexibly adjusted according to building size and tile specifications, and is compatible with various tile types. Centralized ground operations reduce dust pollution, meet green construction requirements, and reduce the safety risks of high-altitude operations.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S1, drawing a layout diagram based on construction drawings and actual site dimensions, determines the arrangement of the tile combination units, wherein the horizontal dimension of the combination unit is no greater than 600mm and the vertical dimension is no greater than 1800mm, includes:

[0039] S1.1 Based on the construction drawings and actual on-site measurement data, draw a layout diagram of the facing bricks, clearly mark the processing dimensions and installation positions of non-whole brick parts, and number all bricks according to the construction level;

[0040] S1.2, the horizontal dimension of the tile combination unit in the layout drawing shall not exceed 600mm, the vertical dimension shall not exceed 1800mm, and the total size of the unit shall not exceed 600mm×1800mm;

[0041] S1.3, verify the location of electromechanical terminal points to ensure that they are not installed across brick joints to avoid affecting the arrangement of hanging parts and the installation of unit panels;

[0042] S1.4 When the surface design has a special pattern, the combination units shall be divided according to the same pattern to ensure that the bricks in the unit are of uniform style;

[0043] S1.5 For decorative areas exceeding 1800mm, the number of bricks is vertically divided to determine the combination unit, and the size of each unit is standardized to facilitate on-site assembly and installation.

[0044] In this embodiment of the invention, a layout diagram is drawn and numbered based on drawings and on-site data to clarify the processing dimensions and positions of non-whole bricks, avoid construction deviations, ensure orderly installation, limit the unit size to ≤600mm×1800mm, take into account both hoisting convenience and structural stability, facilitate ground prefabrication and high-altitude hanging, verify that the electromechanical terminal points do not cross brick joints, prevent the point settings from affecting the hanging component layout and unit panel installation, reduce rework later, divide special pattern areas into units according to the same style to ensure pattern integrity and consistency, improve overall aesthetics, vertically divide areas exceeding 1800mm into units, unify size standards, simplify assembly and hanging processes, and improve construction efficiency and coordination.

[0045] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S2 involves installing vertical and horizontal keels, wherein the arrangement of the horizontal keels is determined according to the tile joint positions in the tile layout diagram, a single horizontal keel is shared at the middle assembly hanger, and a separate horizontal keel is provided at the end adjustment hanger, including:

[0046] S2.1, Based on the approved layout drawing, measure and lay out the lines, marking the grid lines, elevation lines, and center positions of the post-installed embedded parts on the main structure.

[0047] S2.2 Drill holes in the structure according to the marked cross positioning lines, use expansion bolts to install and fix the galvanized embedded plate as a post-installed embedded part, and conduct on-site pull-out force test on the post-installed embedded part. After the test is qualified, install the keel.

[0048] S2.3, Install vertical keels along the vertical grid lines. The vertical keels are made of galvanized square steel pipes. During installation, they must be kept vertical and fully welded to the center of the rear embedded plate. The spacing between the vertical keels should not exceed 1200mm. The flatness, plane position and elevation of the installation should be controlled within the allowable error range of the design and specifications.

[0049] S2.4, Arrange the horizontal keel according to the horizontal brick joint positions determined by the layout drawing. The horizontal keel is made of galvanized angle steel and is installed horizontally.

[0050] S2.5 For brick joints with central combination hangers, a horizontal keel is installed at the brick joint, which simultaneously serves as the central combination hanger for the upper and lower adjacent rows of tiles to be installed and fixed.

[0051] S2.6 For brick joints with adjustable brackets at the ends of unit panels, a separate horizontal keel is installed at the brick joint for the unit panel to meet the requirements for independent installation and horizontal adjustment of the end adjustable brackets.

[0052] S2.7 The horizontal and vertical keels are fixed together by connecting angle brackets. During installation, the elevation, flatness and perpendicularity of the horizontal keel to the vertical keel shall meet the design requirements. The allowable positive deviation of 2 to 3 mm for the installation of the horizontal keel is 2 mm.

[0053] In this embodiment of the invention, the layout and positioning are determined according to the approved layout drawing, clarifying the positions of the keel and embedded parts, providing a precise benchmark for subsequent keel installation, reducing dimensional deviations. The embedded parts are fixed by drilling and pull-out force testing. The vertical keel is fully welded and fixed with a spacing of ≤1200mm to meet the load-bearing requirements and improve the overall structural safety. The horizontal keel is arranged according to the brick joints, and the keel used at the middle hanging parts reduces material consumption by 15%-20%. The ends are equipped with separate keels to adapt to adjustment needs, achieving a balance between reasonable force distribution and cost savings. The verticality of the vertical keel and the horizontality of the horizontal keel are clearly defined, and the installation deviation of the horizontal keel is limited to ≤3mm to ensure that the flatness and verticality of the keel system meet the standards, laying the foundation for the hanging of unit panels. The keel layout and the hanging parts position are precisely matched to prevent the hanging parts installation from being affected by keel misalignment, reduce rework, and ensure a smooth construction process.

[0054] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S3 involves customizing a central assembly bracket and an end adjustment bracket. The central assembly bracket is formed by bolting a back-bolt bracket to an aluminum alloy assembly component, used to assemble multiple ceramic tiles into a unit panel. The end adjustment bracket consists of an E-type bracket and an L-type base, enabling horizontal and vertical adjustment, including:

[0055] S3.1, Based on the layout diagram and unit panel design, determine the specific specifications, quantity, and installation position of the central assembly bracket and the end adjustment bracket;

[0056] S3.2, the middle assembly is custom-made in the factory. It is assembled from standard back bolts and special aluminum alloy components connected by M8 bolts. The aluminum alloy components are made of aluminum alloy plates with a thickness of not less than 4mm and a height of not less than 80mm to ensure the installation and adjustment space of the back bolts. The components have elliptical bolt holes for connecting the back bolts and providing adjustment margins in the horizontal and depth directions.

[0057] S3.3, the end adjustment bracket is made of aluminum alloy with a thickness of not less than 4mm, and is custom-made in the factory. It is composed of an E-type bracket and an L-type base. The E-type bracket is connected to the tile by a back bolt, and the L-type base is fixed to the horizontal keel by bolts. The E-type bracket and the L-type base are connected by a horizontal adjustment elongated hole to realize the horizontal displacement adjustment of the unit panel. The top of the L-type base is provided with a vertical adjustment bolt, which is used to tighten the E-type bracket and realize the vertical fine adjustment of the unit panel.

[0058] S3.4. Perform surface treatment on all custom-made aluminum alloy fittings and check whether the specifications, dimensions, hole accuracy, and adjustment functions meet the design requirements.

[0059] In this embodiment of the invention, the specifications, quantity, and position of the hangers are determined according to the layout diagram and unit panel design. The central assembly hangers and the end adjustment hangers are precisely matched to the unit panel assembly and installation requirements, avoiding the problem of poor compatibility of universal hangers. The central assembly hangers are assembled with aluminum alloy plates ≥4mm thick (height ≥80mm) and M8 bolts, and the end adjustment hangers are also made of aluminum alloy plates ≥4mm thick, which are of high strength and corrosion resistance. The key connections are stable, ensuring the load-bearing capacity and service life of the hangers. The elliptical bolt holes of the central assembly hangers provide horizontal and depth adjustment margins, and the end adjustment hangers, through horizontal elongated holes and vertical adjustment bolts, enable flexible fine-tuning of the unit panels in the horizontal and vertical directions, which can compensate for installation deviations. The hangers are custom-processed in the factory, and the surface treatment, specifications, hole positions, and adjustment functions are all inspected to avoid on-site processing errors and ensure that the quality of the hangers meets the standards, laying a high-quality foundation for the subsequent installation of unit panels.

[0060] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S4, which involves opening a back bolt hole on the back of the tile, installing a back bolt head and fixing a back bolt hanger, assembling multiple tiles into a unit board using assembly components, and adjusting the tile joints and flatness, includes:

[0061] S4.1 According to the specifications and models of the determined middle combination hanger and end adjustment hanger, accurately mark the position of the back bolt hole on the back of the tile. The position of the hole must ensure that the tail fixing point of the hanger is located at the tile joint, and the fixing points of two adjacent tiles are evenly distributed along the tile joint.

[0062] S4.2 Use a hole saw to make a back bolt installation hole on the back of the tile. The hole diameter is determined according to the selected back bolt head specification. The hole depth is not less than 6mm and not less than 2 / 3 of the tile thickness. The center of the hole is not more than 50mm away from the edge of the tile.

[0063] S4.3 After drilling, promptly clean the dust and residual debris inside the hole, and check the hole depth and the integrity of the hole wall to ensure that the back bolt is securely installed;

[0064] S4.4 Insert the back bolt head into the cleaned hole, and use a tool to tighten the back bolt bolt to allow the back bolt head to fully expand in the hole and form a firm connection with the tile;

[0065] S4.5 Connect the base of the back bolt bracket to the installed back bolt head, and initially tighten the top adjusting bolt. Do not perform final tightening at this time.

[0066] S4.6 After installing the back bolts of adjacent tiles in sequence, install the aluminum alloy composite components and use M8 bolts to connect and fix the composite components to the upper and lower adjacent back bolt bases to initially form a unit panel frame.

[0067] S4.7, by fine-tuning the top adjusting bolts of each back bolt bracket, adjust the width of the tile joint between adjacent tiles to make all tile joints in the unit panel uniform;

[0068] S4.8 Adjust the overall flatness of the unit plate by fine-tuning the connecting bolts between the combined components and the back bolts, and use a straightedge to check until the flatness standard required by the design is met.

[0069] In this embodiment of the invention, the position of the back bolt opening is precisely calibrated and the opening parameters are standardized (depth ≥ 6mm, distance from edge ≤ 50mm). Combined with the expansion installation of the back bolt head, the tile and the hanger form a mechanical interlock, significantly improving the connection strength and avoiding the risk of loosening and falling off. Multiple tiles are connected into a single unit panel using composite components, and the tile joint width and overall flatness are adjusted simultaneously, ensuring uniform tile joints and a smooth surface within the unit panel. All back bolt installations, unit panel assembly, and precision adjustments are completed on the ground, making operation convenient and quality control easy. Adjusting individual tiles at higher altitudes is more efficient, reducing rework later. The back bolt fixing points are evenly distributed along the tile joints, and the composite components are rigidly connected to the hanger, distributing the load across the unit panel and enhancing the overall structural stability.

[0070] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S5, which involves using a glass suction cup to hang the unit panel as a whole on the horizontal keel and adjusting the three-dimensional position by adjusting the hanger, includes:

[0071] S5.1 After the unit panel is assembled and adjusted, use a glass suction cup to attach it to the front of the unit panel, and have multiple operators work together to lift the unit panel to the installation location.

[0072] S5.2 Align the mounting slots of the middle combination bracket and the end adjustment bracket at the top of the unit board with the installed horizontal keel, and slowly lower it to make the brackets hang steadily on the horizontal keel.

[0073] S5.3 After the unit panel is initially in place, lightly tighten the connecting bolts between each hanger and the horizontal keel to keep the unit panel temporarily stable.

[0074] S5.4 By adjusting the horizontal adjustment elongated hole on the end adjustment bracket, the position of the E-type bracket relative to the L-type base is moved, thereby achieving precise horizontal displacement adjustment of the unit board;

[0075] S5.5, by turning the vertical adjustment bolt on the top of the L-shaped base of the end adjustment bracket, the E-type bracket is tightened or loosened to achieve fine adjustment of the vertical direction of the unit plate, and a spirit level and laser level are used for verification.

[0076] S5.6 By finely adjusting the position of the connection between the central assembly bracket and the horizontal keel of the unit panel, the depth direction of the unit panel can be adjusted to ensure that the panel surface is flush with the overall wall surface;

[0077] S5.7 After the three-dimensional position of the unit panel is adjusted, tighten all the connecting bolts between the hangers and the horizontal keel, the top adjusting bolts of the back bolt hangers, and the connecting bolts of the combined components in sequence according to the torque required by the design, to complete the final fixing of the unit panel;

[0078] S5.8 The installation of unit panels shall be carried out in the order of starting from the opening and moving to both sides, from bottom to top, in an assembly line operation to avoid cross-construction, and the flatness, verticality and joint width of the installed units shall be checked in a timely manner.

[0079] In this embodiment of the invention, glass suction cups are used to assist in the overall handling and assembly, and multiple people work together to reduce the difficulty and safety risks of high-altitude installation of unit panels. This significantly improves efficiency compared to hanging single tiles, and follows an orderly installation sequence to avoid cross-interference. By adjusting the horizontal elongated holes of the end hangers, the vertical adjustment bolts, and the in-and-out adjustment of the middle hangers, installation deviations are compensated in all directions to ensure the precise horizontal, vertical, and depth positions of the unit panels, meeting high standards of installation accuracy. The bolts are tightened in stages, with torque control to ensure a firm connection between the unit panels and the keel, preventing later displacement and loosening, and enhancing the overall structural stability. During the installation process, a spirit level and laser level are used simultaneously to check the flatness, verticality, and gap width in a timely manner, avoiding rework after batch installation and ensuring the consistency of the overall wall installation quality.

[0080] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S6, cleaning the brick joints and applying grout to ensure a consistent overall appearance, includes:

[0081] S6.1 After all unit panels are installed and fixed and the final inspection is completed, use a grout cleaning tool to thoroughly remove all dust, debris, and temporary fixing material residue from the tile grout lines to ensure that the grout depth is consistent and the base layer is firm, clean, and dry.

[0082] S6.2, Apply masking tape to the tile edges according to the tile joint width required by the design to prevent grout from contaminating the tile surface;

[0083] S6.3, According to the ratio and requirements provided by the grout manufacturer, mix the dry powder grout with water evenly, let it stand to mature, and then stir it slightly again to obtain a grout material with uniform color, no particles, and suitable consistency.

[0084] S6.4 Use a rubber grouting knife or a special grouting bag to press the mixed grout into the brick joints, applying force in multiple, continuous and even strokes to ensure that the joints are filled tightly and fully without any voids or omissions. The filling direction should be at a 45° angle to the brick joints.

[0085] S6.5 When the grout has initially dried, use a scraper or a round steel bar to press and smooth the grout along the brick joints, making the joint surface smooth and flat and slightly lower than the brick surface, forming a slightly concave arc effect.

[0086] S6.6 When the grout has begun to harden but can still be scratched with a fingernail, gently wipe the tile surface with a damp special sponge or soft cloth to remove excess grout and further refine the grout shape. The sponge should be cleaned frequently during wiping to avoid secondary contamination.

[0087] S6.7 After the grout is completely dry, use a clean dry cloth or brush to clean the remaining grout powder residue on the tile surface, and remove the masking tape to complete the grouting operation.

[0088] S6.8, Conduct a full inspection of the completed grouting.

[0089] In this embodiment of the invention, the grout lines are thoroughly cleaned of debris and masking tape is applied to protect the edges. Combined with standardized mixing and grouting operations, the grout is filled evenly, and the grout surface is smooth and flat, avoiding contamination of the tile surface and ensuring a consistent overall appearance of the wall, thus enhancing the decorative effect. The grout fills the tile joints densely and is compacted and smoothed, effectively sealing the gaps, preventing dust and rainwater from seeping in, reducing the risk of tile dampness and keel corrosion, and extending the service life of the wall.

[0090] The above description represents the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for dry-hanging ceramic tile units based on back-bolted combination hangers, characterized in that, The method includes: Step S1: Draw a layout diagram based on the construction drawings and actual site dimensions to determine the arrangement of the tile combination units. The horizontal dimension of the combination unit shall not exceed 600mm and the vertical dimension shall not exceed 1800mm. Step S2: Install vertical and horizontal keels. The arrangement of the horizontal keels is determined according to the tile joint positions in the tile layout diagram. The middle assembly hangers share a common horizontal keel, while the end adjustment hangers are equipped with separate horizontal keels. Step S3: Customize the central assembly bracket and the end adjustment bracket. The central assembly bracket is formed by connecting the back bolt bracket and the aluminum alloy assembly component with bolts, and is used to combine multiple tiles into a unit panel. The end adjustment bracket consists of an E-type bracket and an L-type base to achieve horizontal and vertical adjustment. Step S4: Open back bolt holes on the back of the tile, install back bolt heads and fix back bolt hangers, assemble multiple tiles into a unit board by combining components, and adjust the tile joints and flatness. Step S5: Use glass suction cups to hang the unit panel as a whole on the horizontal keel, and make three-dimensional position fine adjustments by adjusting the hangers; Step S6: Clean the brick joints and apply grout to ensure a consistent overall appearance.

2. The method for dry-hanging tile units based on back-bolted combination hangers according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S1: Draw a layout diagram based on the construction drawings and actual site dimensions to determine the arrangement of the tile combination units. The horizontal dimension of each combination unit should not exceed 600mm, and the vertical dimension should not exceed 1800mm, including: S1.1 Based on the construction drawings and actual on-site measurement data, draw a layout diagram of the facing bricks, clearly mark the processing dimensions and installation positions of non-whole brick parts, and number all bricks according to the construction level; S1.2, the horizontal dimension of the tile combination unit in the layout drawing shall not exceed 600mm, the vertical dimension shall not exceed 1800mm, and the total size of the unit shall not exceed 600mm×1800mm; S1.3, verify the location of electromechanical terminal points to ensure that they are not installed across brick joints to avoid affecting the arrangement of hanging parts and the installation of unit panels; S1.4 When the surface design has a special pattern, the combination units shall be divided according to the same pattern to ensure that the bricks in the unit are of uniform style; S1.5 For decorative areas exceeding 1800mm, the number of bricks is vertically divided to determine the combination unit, and the size of each unit is standardized to facilitate on-site assembly and installation.

3. The method for dry-hanging tile units based on back-bolted combination hangers according to claim 2, characterized in that, Step S2: Install the vertical and horizontal keels. The arrangement of the horizontal keels is determined according to the tile joint positions in the tile layout diagram. A single horizontal keel is shared at the middle assembly hangers, while separate horizontal keels are installed at the end adjustment hangers. This includes: S2.1, Based on the approved layout drawing, measure and lay out the lines, marking the grid lines, elevation lines, and center positions of the post-installed embedded parts on the main structure. S2.2 Drill holes in the structure according to the marked cross positioning lines, use expansion bolts to install and fix the galvanized embedded plate as a post-installed embedded part, and conduct on-site pull-out force test on the post-installed embedded part. After the test is qualified, install the keel. S2.3, Install vertical keels along the vertical grid lines. The vertical keels are made of galvanized square steel pipes. During installation, they must be kept vertical and fully welded to the center of the rear embedded plate. The spacing between the vertical keels should not exceed 1200mm. The flatness, plane position and elevation of the installation should be controlled within the allowable error range of the design and specifications. S2.4, Arrange the horizontal keel according to the horizontal brick joint positions determined by the layout drawing. The horizontal keel is made of galvanized angle steel and is installed horizontally. S2.5 For brick joints with central combination hangers, a horizontal keel is installed at the brick joint, which simultaneously serves as the central combination hanger for the upper and lower adjacent rows of tiles to be installed and fixed. S2.6 For brick joints with adjustable brackets at the ends of unit panels, a separate horizontal keel is installed at the brick joint for the unit panel to meet the requirements for independent installation and horizontal adjustment of the end adjustable brackets. S2.7, the horizontal and vertical keels are fixed together by connecting angle brackets. During installation, the elevation, flatness and perpendicularity of the horizontal keel to the vertical keel shall meet the design requirements. The allowable positive deviation of 2 to 3 mm for the installation of the horizontal keel is 2 mm.

4. The method for dry-hanging tile units based on back-bolted combination hangers according to claim 3, characterized in that, Step S3: Customize the middle combination hanger and the end adjustment hanger. The middle combination hanger is formed by connecting the back bolt hanger and the aluminum alloy combination component with bolts, and is used to combine multiple tiles into a unit panel. The end adjustment bracket consists of an E-type bracket and an L-type base, enabling horizontal and vertical adjustment, including: S3.1, Based on the layout diagram and unit panel design, determine the specific specifications, quantity, and installation position of the central assembly bracket and the end adjustment bracket; S3.2, the middle assembly is custom-made in the factory. It is assembled from standard back bolts and special aluminum alloy components connected by M8 bolts. The aluminum alloy components are made of aluminum alloy plates with a thickness of not less than 4mm and a height of not less than 80mm to ensure the installation and adjustment space of the back bolts. The components have elliptical bolt holes for connecting the back bolts and providing adjustment margins in the horizontal and depth directions. S3.3, the end adjustment bracket is made of aluminum alloy with a thickness of not less than 4mm, and is custom-made in the factory. It is composed of an E-type bracket and an L-type base. The E-type bracket is connected to the tile by a back bolt, and the L-type base is fixed to the horizontal keel by bolts. The E-type bracket and the L-type base are connected by a horizontal adjustment elongated hole to realize the horizontal displacement adjustment of the unit panel. The top of the L-type base is provided with a vertical adjustment bolt, which is used to tighten the E-type bracket and realize the vertical fine adjustment of the unit panel. S3.

4. Perform surface treatment on all custom-made aluminum alloy fittings and check whether the specifications, dimensions, hole accuracy, and adjustment functions meet the design requirements.

5. The method for dry-hanging tile units based on back-bolted combination hangers according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S4: Drill holes for back bolts on the back of the tiles, install back bolt heads and fix back bolt hangers, assemble multiple tiles into a unit board using the assembly components, and adjust the tile joints and flatness, including: S4.1 According to the specifications and models of the determined middle combination hanger and end adjustment hanger, accurately mark the position of the back bolt hole on the back of the tile. The position of the hole must ensure that the tail fixing point of the hanger is located at the tile joint, and the fixing points of two adjacent tiles are evenly distributed along the tile joint. S4.2 Use a hole saw to make a back bolt installation hole on the back of the tile. The hole diameter is determined according to the selected back bolt head specification. The hole depth is not less than 6mm and not less than 2 / 3 of the tile thickness. The center of the hole is not more than 50mm away from the edge of the tile. S4.3 After drilling, promptly clean the dust and residual debris inside the hole, and check the hole depth and the integrity of the hole wall to ensure that the back bolt is securely installed; S4.4 Insert the back bolt head into the cleaned hole, and use a tool to tighten the back bolt bolt to allow the back bolt head to fully expand in the hole and form a firm connection with the tile; S4.5 Connect the base of the back bolt bracket to the installed back bolt head, and initially tighten the top adjusting bolt. Do not perform final tightening at this time. S4.6 After installing the back bolts of adjacent tiles in sequence, install the aluminum alloy composite components and use M8 bolts to connect and fix the composite components to the upper and lower adjacent back bolt bases to initially form a unit panel frame. S4.7, by fine-tuning the top adjusting bolts of each back bolt bracket, adjust the width of the tile joint between adjacent tiles to make all tile joints in the unit panel uniform; S4.8 Adjust the overall flatness of the unit plate by fine-tuning the connecting bolts between the combined components and the back bolts, and use a straightedge to check until the flatness standard required by the design is met.

6. The method for unitized dry-hanging construction of ceramic tiles based on back-bolted combination hangers according to claim 5, characterized in that, Step S5: Use glass suction cups to hang the unit panel onto the horizontal keel as a whole, and make three-dimensional position fine adjustments by adjusting the hangers, including: S5.1 After the unit panel is assembled and adjusted, use a glass suction cup to attach it to the front of the unit panel, and have multiple operators work together to lift the unit panel to the installation location. S5.2 Align the mounting slots of the middle combination bracket and the end adjustment bracket at the top of the unit board with the installed horizontal keel, and slowly lower it to make the brackets hang steadily on the horizontal keel. S5.3 After the unit panel is initially in place, lightly tighten the connecting bolts between each hanger and the horizontal keel to keep the unit panel temporarily stable. S5.4 By adjusting the horizontal adjustment elongated hole on the end adjustment bracket, the position of the E-type bracket relative to the L-type base is moved, thereby achieving precise horizontal displacement adjustment of the unit board; S5.5, by turning the vertical adjustment bolt on the top of the L-shaped base of the end adjustment bracket, the E-type bracket is tightened or loosened to achieve fine adjustment of the vertical direction of the unit plate, and a spirit level and laser level are used for verification. S5.6 By finely adjusting the position of the connection between the central assembly bracket and the horizontal keel of the unit panel, the depth direction of the unit panel can be adjusted to ensure that the panel surface is flush with the overall wall surface; S5.7 After the three-dimensional position of the unit panel is adjusted, tighten all the connecting bolts between the hangers and the horizontal keel, the top adjusting bolts of the back bolt hangers, and the connecting bolts of the combined components in sequence according to the torque required by the design, to complete the final fixing of the unit panel; S5.8 The installation of unit panels shall be carried out in the order of starting from the opening and moving to both sides, from bottom to top, in an assembly line operation to avoid cross-construction, and the flatness, verticality and joint width of the installed units shall be checked in a timely manner.

7. The method for unitized dry-hanging construction of ceramic tiles based on back-bolted combination hangers according to claim 6, characterized in that, Step S6: Clean the brick joints and apply grout to ensure a consistent overall appearance, including: S6.1 After all unit panels are installed and fixed and the final inspection is completed, use a grout cleaning tool to thoroughly remove all dust, debris, and temporary fixing material residue from the tile grout lines to ensure that the grout depth is consistent and the base layer is firm, clean, and dry. S6.2, Apply masking tape to the tile edges according to the tile joint width required by the design to prevent grout from contaminating the tile surface; S6.3, According to the ratio and requirements provided by the grout manufacturer, mix the dry powder grout with water evenly, let it stand to mature, and then stir it slightly again to obtain a grout material with uniform color, no particles, and suitable consistency. S6.4 Use a rubber grouting knife or a special grouting bag to press the mixed grout into the brick joints, applying force in multiple, continuous and even strokes to ensure that the joints are filled tightly and fully without any voids or omissions. The filling direction should be at a 45° angle to the brick joints. S6.5 When the grout has initially dried, use a scraper or a round steel bar to press and smooth the grout along the brick joints, making the joint surface smooth and flat and slightly lower than the brick surface, forming a slightly concave arc effect. S6.6 When the grout has begun to harden but can still be scratched with a fingernail, gently wipe the tile surface with a damp special sponge or soft cloth to remove excess grout and further refine the grout shape. The sponge should be cleaned frequently during wiping to avoid secondary contamination. S6.7 After the grout is completely dry, use a clean dry cloth or brush to clean the remaining grout powder residue on the tile surface, and remove the masking tape to complete the grouting operation. S6.8, Conduct a full inspection of the completed grouting.

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