Rapid rollback transition method of heading machine, cutterhead and heading machine

Abstract

The invention discloses a rapid rollback transition method of a heading machine, a cutterhead and the heading machine, and solves the problems of large workload, long time consumption and difficulty in rollback of the whole machine of the heading machine in short-distance rock roadway heading engineering in the prior art. The invention relates to a rapid rollback transition method of a heading machine. A trackless flat car and a split heading machine are adopted; the method comprises the steps that S1, early-stage preparation work is conducted, specifically, a heading machine expands forwards for a certain distance, and chamber surrounding rock is cleaned; if a shield exists in the heading machine, the shield needs to be dismantled, and good conditions are created for rollback; s2, folding and reducing a cutterhead at the front end of the heading machine main machine or removing edge blocks; and therefore, the retreating resistance is reduced, and retreating is facilitated. According to the rapid rollback method, the problems that in the traditional rollback process, the machine disassembling workload is large, consumed time is long, and rollback is difficult are remarkably solved by folding the cutter head and adopting the trackless flat car and the like. The trackless flat car has the functions of ejecting, supporting, stabilizing and self-moving, and is combined with an automatic control system, so that the rapid lifting and stable back-off of the whole heading machine are realized, the tedious disassembling process is avoided, and the back-off efficiency and the safety are obviously improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel construction technology, and in particular to a method for the retraction of a short-distance rock tunnel boring machine. Background Technology

[0002] There are numerous short-distance rock tunneling projects in my country's underground mines. Split-type tunneling machines, with their advantages of ultra-short body structure, extremely small turning radius, rapid assembly and retraction capabilities, have shown broad application prospects in short-distance rock tunneling construction in coal mines. However, existing split-type tunneling machines, such as a new type of split-type tunneling machine with announcement number CN 210888948 U, still face the following problems in practical applications: (1) Large workload of disassembling the whole machine: Traditional tunneling machines require a large amount of disassembly work during the retraction process, which not only increases the labor intensity of workers but also prolongs the construction cycle. (2) Long time consumption: Due to the large workload of disassembly, the entire retraction process takes a long time, affecting construction efficiency. (3) Difficulty in retracting the whole machine: The retraction of the tunneling machine is difficult due to the contact between the cutterhead, shield and tunnel wall, and there is a lack of effective auxiliary equipment and methods to achieve fast and stable retraction.

[0003] To address the aforementioned issues, there is an urgent need to propose a method for rapid retraction of the entire machine, in order to reduce the non-working excavation time of the tunneling machine, thereby improving the mobility and construction efficiency of the split-type tunneling machine. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings in the aforementioned background technology, this invention proposes a method for rapid retraction and relocation of a tunneling machine, a cutterhead, and a tunneling machine, which solves the problems of large workload, long time consumption, and difficulty in retraction of the entire machine in short-distance rock tunneling projects in the prior art.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is implemented as follows: a method for rapid retraction and transfer of a tunneling machine, using a trackless flatcar and a split-type tunneling machine; the split-type tunneling machine includes a separate tunneling machine main unit and a rear supporting system; the specific steps of the rapid retraction method are as follows: S1: Preliminary preparation work: the tunneling machine advances a certain distance to clear the surrounding rock of the chamber; if the tunneling machine has a shield, the shield needs to be removed to create good conditions for retraction.

[0006] S2: The cutterhead at the front of the tunneling machine is folded to change diameter or the side blocks are removed.

[0007] S3: The trackless flatcar moves to the bottom of the tunneling machine host and bears the load on the tunneling machine host.

[0008] S4: The trackless flatcar carrying the tunneling machine host is synchronously retracted by the control system.

[0009] S5: A walking frame is laid outside the tunnel to provide a moving track for the trackless flatcar, enabling the tunneling machine to safely retract into the tunnel and complete the rapid retraction of the tunneling machine.

[0010] S6: The tunneling machine disconnects from the trackless flatcar and moves along the main transport channel to the next starting chamber, completing the rapid relocation of the tunneling machine.

[0011] In step 2, when the cutterhead is folded and its diameter is changed, the front folding side block rotates 90 degrees counterclockwise relative to the center block and folds forward; the rear folding side block rotates 90 degrees clockwise relative to the center block and folds backward, thereby changing the diameter of the cutterhead and shrinking the tunneling machine cutterhead and shield to the minimum radius, so that it is separated from the surrounding rock of the tunnel wall and the retraction resistance is reduced.

[0012] In step 2, when the cutterhead is removing the side blocks, rotate the cutterhead to move the side block to be removed to a position perpendicular to the ground, and then remove the side block. Then, the tunneling machine main unit moves backward with the cooperation of its own support shoes and top support cylinders to separate the side block from the center block. Then rotate the cutterhead again to remove the next side block. Repeat this process until all side blocks are removed.

[0013] Further optimization reveals that the trackless flatcar includes a lifting support platform, with tracked rollers and auxiliary supports on both sides, and a lifting balance support at the bottom. When the trackless flatcar moves to the tunneling machine's main unit, its lifting support platform extends and is fixedly connected to the main unit. The auxiliary supports and lifting balance support extend to support the main unit, bearing the load; providing stable support and retraction power for the rapid retraction of the main unit.

[0014] A cutterhead includes a central block and N side blocks, where N is an even number greater than or equal to 4. The N side blocks are sequentially hinged to the outer periphery of the central block. Each side block is equipped with a widening mechanism. The N side blocks are detachably or hingedly positioned around the central block. When the N side blocks are hinged, corresponding folding drive components are provided between the N side blocks and the central block. Under the action of these drive components, the N side blocks fold forward or backward relative to the central block; adjacent side blocks fold in opposite directions. This cutterhead achieves diameter adjustment through a cross-folding mechanism, allowing for a wide range of diameter adjustment to adapt to different tunnel cross-section requirements and facilitating rapid retraction of the tunneling machine. Diameter adjustment can also be achieved through detachment.

[0015] In a further preferred embodiment, the excavation mechanism includes a roller cutter and a cutter groove disposed on the side block; the roller cutter is fixed on the cutter shaft, the roller cutter and the cutter shaft are located in the cutter groove, and the cutter shaft is connected to the cutter groove through a cutter shaft pad; when the cutter shaft pad is added, the cutter shaft drives the roller cutter to lift and excavate; this provides space for the cutter head to fold and change diameter, avoiding interference.

[0016] Further optimization involves dividing the N edge blocks into front-folding edge blocks and rear-folding edge blocks, with adjacent edge blocks folding in opposite directions; the center block is a corresponding regular N-sided polygon; the folding drive corresponding to the front-folding edge block is a front-folding drive, and the folding drive corresponding to the rear-folding edge block is a rear-folding drive. A front-to-back cross-folding method avoids spatial interference during the edge blade disc folding process. Each edge blade disc is equipped with an independent hydraulic or mechanical telescopic mechanism to drive the folding action, ensuring precise operation.

[0017] In a further preferred embodiment, the front panel of the front folding side block is hinged to the front of the center block via a first hinge joint, the folding surface of the front folding side block is slidably provided with a second hinge joint, the front folding drive is obliquely embedded in the center block and the top of the front folding drive is connected to the second hinge joint.

[0018] In a further preferred embodiment, the folding surface of the front folding block is provided with a groove, the second hinge joint is slidably disposed in the groove, the center block is provided with a mounting groove on one side of the folding surface of the front folding block, and the front folding drive component is a linear telescopic cylinder, which is located in the mounting groove.

[0019] In a further preferred embodiment, the rear part of the rear folding edge block is hinged to the rear part of the center block via a third hinge joint, and the rear folding drive is an arc-shaped drive, with its two ends connected to the back of the rear folding edge block and the back of the center block, respectively.

[0020] Further preferably, the rear-folding drive component includes an arc-shaped fixing part and an arc-shaped telescopic part, which form a semi-circular connection structure and are detachably connected. When retracted, the arc-shaped drive component is in a supporting state, capable of withstanding the reaction force before the cutterhead advances, ensuring structural stability and tunneling safety.

[0021] A tunneling machine includes a separate main tunneling machine unit and a supporting system. The main tunneling machine unit includes the cutterhead described in the claims. The main tunneling machine unit is connected to the supporting system via a pipeline connection system. During the tunneling process, the pipeline connection system extends synchronously with the main tunneling machine unit.

[0022] A tunneling machine includes a separate main unit and a supporting system. The main unit includes a shield and a cutterhead as described in the claims. The main unit is connected to the supporting system via a pipeline connection system, and the pipeline connection system extends synchronously with the main unit during tunneling.

[0023] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The cutterhead of this invention achieves diameter variation by removing or flipping folded side blocks, facilitating rapid extrication and retraction of the tunneling machine equipped with this cutterhead. The flipping folded side blocks adopt a cross-folding method, with the side blocks achieving cross-folding of the cutterhead inward and outward through corresponding drive components, effectively avoiding interference during the folding process, while ensuring uniform force on the cutterhead in the unfolded state, ensuring the cutterhead's excavation capacity. Through the cross-linking of multiple side blocks, a large range of diameter adjustment can be achieved to adapt to different tunnel cross-section requirements; the symmetrical distribution of the folding structure results in a more balanced overall force on the cutterhead after unfolding, reducing eccentric loads and improving tunneling stability.

[0024] The tunneling machine of this invention adopts a split design, which reduces the length of the single machine and improves the mobility of the equipment through functional modular separation, adapting to the construction needs of short-distance tunnel groups. At the same time, it can adapt to complex geological conditions, realizing efficient, safe and intelligent tunneling construction, significantly improving construction efficiency and mobility; and providing an innovative solution for mining and tunnel engineering.

[0025] This invention designs a trackless flatcar for tunneling machine retraction and a rapid retraction method. By employing a folding cutterhead and a trackless flatcar, it significantly solves the problems of large workload, long time consumption, and difficult retraction in traditional retraction processes. The trackless flatcar has functions of jacking out, supporting, stabilizing, and self-moving. Combined with an automated control system, it realizes rapid lifting and stable retraction of the entire tunneling machine, avoiding the cumbersome disassembly process and significantly improving retraction efficiency and safety.

[0026] Furthermore, this invention adapts to complex working conditions. Through the trackless flatcar's tracked roller design and the synergistic effect of the supporting hydraulic cylinders, it overcomes the dependence on tracks and jamming problems of traditional retraction methods, enhancing the maneuverability of the tunneling machine. Simultaneously, automated control reduces the complexity and construction risks of manual operation, lowers construction costs, and provides an efficient, safe, and economical solution for tunneling machine construction. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a front view of the cutter head of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the folding of the front folding edge block of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the second hinge joint; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the front folding drive unit arrangement; Figure 5 A frontal view of the arrangement of the second hinge joint; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the folding of the rear folding edge block of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the folded state of the cutter head of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a side view diagram of a trackless flatcar. Figure 9 This is a front view schematic diagram of the first working state of the trackless flatcar. Figure 10 This is a front view schematic diagram of the second working state of the trackless flatcar. Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the front folding side block of the tunneling machine retracting after folding. Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the retraction of the rear folding side block of the tunneling machine main unit after folding; Figure 13 A schematic diagram showing the synchronous retraction of the tunneling machine main unit along with the trackless flatcar. Figure 14 A schematic diagram showing the interaction between the trackless flatcar and the outdoor walking frame of the tunnel; Figure 15 This is a construction flowchart for Example 4; Figure 16 This is a construction flowchart for Example 6; Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the tunneling machine main unit in Example 5; Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the supporting systems for the tunneling machine. Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the excavation mechanism. Figure 20 A schematic diagram of removing the edge blocks from the cutter head. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] Example 1: A method for rapid retraction and relocation of a tunneling machine, employing a trackless flatcar 50 and a split-type tunneling machine; the split-type tunneling machine includes a separate main machine 10 and a rear support system 20; the trackless flatcar 50 includes a lifting support platform 52, with tracked rollers 51 and auxiliary supports 53 on both sides of the lifting support platform 52, and a lifting balance support 54 at the bottom of the lifting support platform 52; the lifting support platform 52 has pin holes for connection with the main beam of the main machine, used for bolt connection and fixation to ensure load-bearing stability. The trackless flatcar 50 performs corresponding actions under the control system. The lifting support platform 52 adopts a hydraulic lifting structure to lift the entire tunneling machine off the ground, facilitating the recovery of the cutterhead and shield, and enabling the tunneling machine to retract; the auxiliary supports 53 are located at the front and rear ends on both sides of the lifting support platform 52, extending to tighten the trackless flatcar against the roadway ground, providing additional support force and preventing the flatcar from tilting or sliding during retraction. Tracked rollers 51 enable the trackless flatcar to move autonomously without tracks, adapting to complex tunnel environments. The lifting balance support 54, employing a hydraulic rod and bottom wheels, is controlled by the control system to open the balance mechanism 54 and make slight contact with the ground surface, balancing the trackless flatcar and ensuring the stability of the entire tunneling machine during retraction. The auxiliary support mechanism and the balance support work together to provide multi-layered stability protection, preventing tilting or swaying during retraction. The trackless flatcar, through its functions of lifting the carrying platform, extending the auxiliary support, and opening and extending the lifting balance support, achieves stable lifting and efficient retraction of the entire tunneling machine, solving the problems of large disassembly workload, long time consumption, and difficult retraction in traditional retraction processes. In this embodiment, the use of a trackless flatcar significantly reduces the reliance on tracks during traditional retraction, making it more adaptable to complex tunnel environments. Automated control achieves stable lifting and efficient movement of the entire tunneling machine, reducing the complexity of manual operation and construction risks. The multiple safeguards of the support and balance mechanisms ensure the safety and stability of the retraction process.

[0031] The specific steps of the rapid retreat method are as follows: S1: Preliminary preparations: The tunneling machine advances a certain distance and clears the surrounding rock of the chamber; if the tunneling machine has a shield, the shield needs to be removed to create good conditions for retreat.

[0032] S2: The cutterhead 100 at the front end of the tunneling machine main unit 10 is folded and its diameter is changed or its side blocks are removed; so that it is separated from the surrounding rock of the tunnel wall, reducing the resistance to retreat, so as to retreat.

[0033] S3: The trackless flatcar 50 moves to below the tunneling machine main unit 10 and bears the load on the tunneling machine main unit. Specifically, the trackless flatcar 50 moves to the tunneling machine main unit 10, its lifting support platform 52 extends and is fixedly connected to the tunneling machine main unit 10, and the auxiliary support 53 and the lifting balance support 54 extend to support and bear the load on the tunneling machine main unit; providing stable retraction power for the tunneling machine main unit; such as Figure 11 , 12 As shown.

[0034] S4: The auxiliary support 53 of the trackless flatcar 50 is retracted; the trackless flatcar 50 carrying the tunneling machine host 10 is synchronously retracted by the control system.

[0035] S5: A stepping frame 60 is laid outside the tunnel to provide a moving track for the trackless flatcar 50, so that the tunneling machine host 10 can safely retreat to the tunnel and complete the rapid retreat of the tunneling machine.

[0036] S6: The tunneling machine host 10 disconnects from the trackless flatcar 50 and moves along the main transport channel to the next starting chamber, completing the rapid transfer of the tunneling machine.

[0037] In the rapid retraction method for the entire tunneling machine of this invention, a systematic operation process tightly integrates the tunneling machine with a trackless flatcar. Utilizing the flatcar's load-bearing, supporting, and balancing functions, the machine is stably lifted and moved. Under complex working conditions, the coordinated action of the tunneling machine's support cylinders and propulsion cylinders provides additional retraction reaction force to the trackless flatcar, overcoming jamming problems. The laying of the external walking frame further expands the trackless flatcar's range of motion, ensuring the tunneling machine can safely retract to the designated position.

[0038] Example 2, as Figure 1 As shown, a cutterhead includes a central block 1 and N side blocks 2, where N is an even number greater than or equal to 4, and the value of N is generally between 4 and 10, depending on the construction conditions. The N side blocks 2 are sequentially hinged to the outer periphery of the central block 1. Corresponding folding drive components 3 are provided between the N side blocks 2 and the central block 1, meaning that there is a one-to-one correspondence between the folding drive components and the side blocks. The folding drive components can use hydraulic drive, mechanical drive, or other methods to achieve the folding of the side blocks relative to the central block. Under the action of the corresponding folding drive components 3, the N side blocks 2 flip and fold forward or backward relative to the central block 1; the folding directions of two adjacent side blocks are opposite, achieving cross-folding and diameter change. After the diameter change, the cutterhead detaches from the rock wall, facilitating rapid retraction.

[0039] like Figure 19 As shown, in this embodiment, the side block 2 is equipped with a widening excavation mechanism 26. The widening excavation mechanism 26 includes a roller cutter 261 and a cutter groove 263 disposed on the side block 2. The roller cutter 261 is fixed on the cutter shaft 262, and the roller cutter 261 and the cutter shaft 262 are located in the cutter groove 263. The cutter shaft 262 is connected to the cutter groove 263 through a cutter shaft pad 264. When the cutter shaft pad 264 is added, the cutter shaft 262 drives the roller cutter 261 to lift and widen the tunnel. This widening excavation mechanism increases the excavation diameter through the cutter shaft pad, thereby widening the tunnel cross-section. It should be noted that a hydraulic cylinder or similar device can also be used to push the cutter shaft to lift. The lifting of the roller cutter 261 widens the tunnel, providing space for the cutterhead to change diameter and avoiding interference with the rock wall.

[0040] Example 3, a cutter head, such as Figure 1 , 2 As shown in Figure 3, based on Example 1, further optimization is performed. In this example, N is preferably greater than or equal to 4. Taking N=6 as an example, the N edge blocks 2 are divided into front-folding edge blocks and back-folding edge blocks. The folding directions of two adjacent edge blocks 2 are opposite. Three edge blocks fold forward to form a front-folding edge block, and three edge blocks fold backward to form a back-folding edge block. The edge blocks are arranged in a cross-folding layout to avoid interference during the folding process. The six edge blocks work together to reduce the cross-sectional size of the cutter head, achieving the purpose of rapid and efficient diameter change. The center block 1 is the corresponding regular N-gon block. Taking N=6 as an example, the center block is the corresponding regular hexagonal block. The six edge blocks are respectively hinged to the corresponding six sides. In this embodiment, the folding drive 3 corresponding to the front folding block is a front folding drive 31. The front folding drive not only provides power for the folding of the front folding block but also acts as a brake to prevent swaying or displacement during backward movement. Similarly, the folding drive 3 corresponding to the rear folding block is a rear folding drive 32. Likewise, the rear folding drive not only provides power for the folding of the rear folding block but also acts as a brake to prevent swaying or displacement during backward movement. The center block provides core support, and the folding drive ensures a stable and reliable folding process.

[0041] Specifically, such as Figure 2 , 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the front panel of the front folding block is hinged to the front of the center block 1 via a first hinge joint 21. The first hinge joint can be a pin structure, and the front folding block rotates around the first hinge joint to complete folding and unfolding. A second hinge joint 22 is slidably provided on the folding surface of the front folding block. The second hinge joint can be a lug + pin structure, satisfying both sliding and hinge requirements, ensuring smooth connection with the front folding drive component, and avoiding interference during the drive process. In this embodiment, the front folding drive component 31 is obliquely embedded in the center block 1 to provide effective drive to the front folding block without affecting the matching of the block and the center block in the unfolded state. The top of the front folding drive component 31 is connected to the second hinge joint 22. The front folding drive component drives the corresponding front folding block to rotate counterclockwise around the first hinge joint via the second hinge joint, completing the forward flipping folding of the front folding block. As a preferred embodiment, the specific structure of the aforementioned front folding block with the second hinge joint slidably provided on the folding surface is as follows: Figure 5 As shown, the folding surface of the front folding block is provided with a groove 25, and the second hinge joint 22 is slidably disposed within the groove 25; this allows for sliding within the groove during the ejection process, avoiding interference. Figure 4As shown, the center block 1 has a mounting groove 11 on one side of the folding surface opposite to the front folding side block. The front folding drive component 31 is a linear telescopic cylinder, which is located in the mounting groove 11. This ensures the flatness of the cutterhead before folding; and during the tunneling process, the extension amount of the telescopic mechanism 4 can be flexibly adjusted to balance the tunneling reaction force and ensure structural stability.

[0042] This embodiment is a preferred solution, such as Figure 6 As shown, the rear of the rear-folding side block is hinged to the rear of the center block 1 via a third hinge joint 23. The third hinge joint 23, similar to the first hinge joint, can be a pin structure. Under the action of the rear-folding drive, the rear-folding side block rotates around the third hinge joint, completing its rearward folding. In this embodiment, the rear-folding drive 32 is an arc-shaped drive, with its two ends connected to the back of the rear-folding side block and the back of the center block 1, respectively. The arc-shaped drive can be driven by arc-shaped hydraulics or by an arc-shaped mechanical structure to provide power and support. Through the retraction of the aforementioned arc-shaped drive, the side cutterhead folds backward; and before folding, the arc-shaped drive is retracted into a supporting state, capable of withstanding the reaction force before the cutterhead advances, ensuring structural stability and tunneling safety.

[0043] In this embodiment, an arc-shaped drive component is used as an example of an arc-shaped mechanical structure. Specifically, the rear-folding drive component 32 includes an arc-shaped fixing part 321 and an arc-shaped telescopic part 322. The arc-shaped telescopic part 322 and the arc-shaped fixing part 321 form a semi-circular connection structure. The arc-shaped telescopic part 322 is fitted inside the arc-shaped fixing part, and the arc-shaped telescopic part 322 and the arc-shaped fixing part 321 are detachably connected. The number of arc-shaped telescopic parts can be set to one or two as needed. When one arc-shaped telescopic part is set, the arc-shaped telescopic part can be fully fitted inside the arc-shaped fixing part. Both are arc structures slightly larger than 1 / 4 circle, forming a semi-circular arc after unfolding. At this time, the overlap between the two can be locked by screws. If both the arc-shaped fixing part 321 and the arc-shaped telescopic part 322 are 1 / 4 circle arc structures, their ends are connected by flanges when unfolded. When two arc-shaped telescopic parts are provided, they are located at both ends of the arc-shaped fixed part 321. The arc-shaped telescopic parts are 1 / 8 circle arc structures, and the arc-shaped fixed parts are slightly larger than 1 / 4 circle arc structures. When unfolded, they form a semi-circular arc. At this time, the overlap between the two can be locked by screws. The aforementioned arc-shaped drive component enables the rear folding edge block to fold and flip 90 degrees, reducing the cross-sectional size of the cutter head. Figure 7 As shown.

[0044] Example 4: When the tunneling machine uses the cutterhead described in Example 3 for rapid retraction and relocation, the specific steps are as follows: S1: Preliminary preparation: The tunneling machine advances a certain distance and clears the surrounding rock of the chamber; if the tunneling machine has a shield, the shield needs to be removed to create good conditions for retraction.

[0045] S2: The cutterhead 100 at the front end of the tunneling machine main unit 10 folds and changes diameter for retraction, which has the advantages of high mechanization and convenience. Specifically, when the cutterhead folds and changes diameter, the front folding side block rotates 90 degrees counterclockwise relative to the center block and folds forward; the rear folding side block rotates 90 degrees clockwise relative to the center block and folds backward, thereby changing the diameter of the cutterhead and shrinking the tunneling machine cutterhead and shield to the minimum radius, allowing them to detach from the surrounding rock of the tunnel wall and reducing retraction resistance.

[0046] S3: The trackless flatcar 50 moves to below the tunneling machine main unit 10 and bears the load on the tunneling machine main unit. Specifically, the trackless flatcar 50 moves to the tunneling machine main unit 10, its lifting support platform 52 extends and is fixedly connected to the tunneling machine main unit 10, and the auxiliary support 53 and the lifting balance support 54 extend to support and bear the load on the tunneling machine main unit; providing stable retraction power for the tunneling machine main unit; such as Figure 11 , 12 As shown.

[0047] S4: The auxiliary support 53 of the trackless flatcar 50 is retracted; the trackless flatcar 50 carrying the tunneling machine host 10 is synchronously retracted by the control system.

[0048] S5: A stepping frame 60 is laid outside the tunnel to provide a moving track for the trackless flatcar 50, so that the tunneling machine host 10 can safely retreat to the tunnel and complete the rapid retreat of the tunneling machine.

[0049] S6: The tunneling machine host 10 disconnects from the trackless flatcar 50 and moves along the main transport channel to the next starting chamber, completing the rapid transfer of the tunneling machine.

[0050] Example 5: A cutterhead includes a central block 1 and N side blocks 2, where N is an even number greater than or equal to 4, and the value of N is generally between 4 and 10, selected according to the construction conditions. The side blocks 2 are equipped with a widening mechanism, and the N side blocks 2 are detachably mounted on the outer periphery of the central block 1. The side blocks can be disassembled using bolt connections; the cutterhead diameter can be changed by disassembling the side blocks; it has advantages such as a large effective gap between the cutterhead and the tunnel wall, and low risk of interference from the retraction structure.

[0051] Example 6: When the tunneling machine uses the cutterhead described in Example 5 for rapid retraction and relocation, the specific steps are as follows: S1: Preliminary preparation: The tunneling machine advances a certain distance to clear the surrounding rock of the chamber; if the tunneling machine has a shield, the shield needs to be removed to create favorable conditions for retraction. S2: The cutterhead 100 at the front end of the tunneling machine main unit 10 is dismantled; if... Figure 20As shown, specifically: when the cutterhead 100 is removing side blocks, it rotates to move the side block 2 to a position perpendicular to the ground, and then removes the side block. The tunneling machine main unit 10 then retracts with the cooperation of its own support shoes and top support cylinders, separating the side block from the center block 1. The cutterhead is then rotated again to remove the next side block. This process is repeated until all side blocks are removed. To ensure the side blocks can detach smoothly from the center block 1, a towing device, such as a winch, can be installed in front of the cutterhead. When the tunneling machine main unit 10 retracts with the cooperation of its own support shoes and top support cylinders, it drags the side block, ensuring smooth separation from the center block 1.

[0052] Example 7: A tunneling machine includes a separate tunneling machine main unit 10 and a rear support system 20. The tunneling machine main unit 10 includes the cutterhead 100 described in Example 1 or 2. The tunneling machine main unit 10 is connected to the rear support system 20 via a pipeline connection system. During the tunneling process of the tunneling machine main unit 10, the pipeline connection system extends synchronously with the tunneling machine main unit 10. During the tunneling process of the main unit tunneling system 1, the rear support system 2 remains relatively stationary, while the pipeline connection system 2 gradually extends with the tunneling process of the main unit tunneling system 1. The main structure of the main unit tunneling system 1 and the main structure of the rear support system 2 can adopt the main unit and rear support system of existing equipment, but the main unit and the rear support system are set up separately. The main unit tunneling system is located behind the tunnel face and advances while tunneling. The rear support system is located in the main tunnel roadway or assembly chamber and does not move with the tunneling process. The pipeline connection system is used for the transmission of hydraulic oil, electricity, etc. This design significantly reduces the length of equipment in the tunnel, reduces tunneling assembly time, improves the mobility of the tunneling machine, and enables rapid tunneling of short-distance rock tunnels.

[0053] In this embodiment, the tunneling machine is suitable for excavating in relatively stable geological formations, and the main unit of the tunneling machine does not need to be equipped with a corresponding shield. This reduces the number of shield removal steps during retraction. The supporting system includes several self-moving trolleys connected in sequence. Each of these trolleys is equipped with a main control room, hydraulic pump station, water circulation system, transformer, etc. The main control room, hydraulic pump station, and water circulation system are connected to the main unit of the tunneling machine via pipeline connections. The self-moving trolleys have self-moving capabilities, facilitating rapid equipment relocation. The main control room allows for remote control from outside the tunnel. The hydraulic pump station, water circulation system, and transformer enable remote electro-hydraulic supply and control of the split-type tunneling machine. The supporting system consists of multiple modular trailers, located outside the tunnel, providing power fluid supply and operational driving functions. The main unit and the supporting system are connected via long-distance pipelines, enabling centralized control and optimized resource allocation. The separate design of the main unit and the supporting system significantly reduces equipment length and improves mobility.

[0054] Example 8: A method for rapid retraction and relocation of a tunneling machine, such as... Figure 8 , 9As shown in Figures 1 and 10, a trackless flatcar 50 and the tunneling machine described in Example 7 are used.

[0055] like Figure 15 As shown, the specific steps of the above-mentioned method for rapid retraction of tunneling machine are as follows: S1: Preliminary preparation work: clean the surrounding rock / support protrusions and bottom slag in the tunnel, dismantle the bottom slag conveyor belt of the tunneling machine and disconnect the pipeline connection system between the main tunneling machine 10 and the rear supporting system 20 to create good conditions for retraction.

[0056] S2: The trackless flatcar 50 moves to the tunneling machine main unit 10, its lifting support platform 52 extends and is fixedly connected to the tunneling machine main unit 10, and the auxiliary support 53 and the lifting balance support 54 extend to support and bear the load of the tunneling machine main unit; providing stable retraction power for the tunneling machine main unit; such as Figure 11 , 12 As shown.

[0057] S3: The cutterhead 100 at the front end of the tunneling machine main unit 10 folds and changes diameter; specifically, the front folding side block rotates 90 degrees counterclockwise relative to the center block and folds forward; the rear folding side block rotates 90 degrees clockwise relative to the center block and folds backward, thereby changing the diameter of the cutterhead and detaching it from contact with the rock strata.

[0058] S4: The auxiliary support 53 of the trackless flatcar 50 is retracted; preparing to retreat.

[0059] S5: The trackless flatcar 50 carrying the tunneling machine main unit 10 is synchronously retracted by the control system to achieve rapid retraction of the tunneling machine main unit; such as... Figure 13 As shown.

[0060] S6: As Figure 14 As shown, a stepping frame 60 is laid outside the tunnel to provide a moving track for the trackless flatcar 50, so that the tunneling machine host 10 can safely retreat to the tunnel and complete the rapid retreat of the tunneling machine.

[0061] S7: The tunneling machine host 10 disconnects from the trackless flatcar 50 and moves along the main transport channel to the next starting chamber, completing the rapid transfer of the tunneling machine.

[0062] In the rapid retraction method for the entire tunneling machine of this invention, a systematic operation process tightly integrates the tunneling machine with a trackless flatcar. Utilizing the flatcar's load-bearing, supporting, and balancing functions, the machine is stably lifted and moved. Under complex working conditions, the coordinated action of the tunneling machine's support cylinders and propulsion cylinders provides additional retraction reaction force to the trackless flatcar, overcoming jamming problems. The laying of the external walking frame further expands the trackless flatcar's range of motion, ensuring the tunneling machine can safely retract to the designated position.

[0063] Therefore, according to the present invention, the problems of large workload and long time consumption in the traditional retraction process are solved, significantly improving construction efficiency. Through a systematic operation process, the tunneling machine can be quickly and safely retracted under complex working conditions. Laying a walking frame outside the tunnel further expands the retraction range, providing convenient conditions for the tunneling machine to be moved to another site for tunneling.

[0064] Example 9, as Figure 17 , 18 As shown, a tunneling machine includes a main tunneling machine 10 and a rear support system 20, which are set up separately. The main tunneling machine 10 includes a shield 40 and a cutterhead 100 as described in Embodiment 1 or 2; both the cutterhead 100 and the shield are connected to the main beam 14. In this embodiment, the tunneling machine is equipped with a shield, which can be used for soft rock excavation. The main tunneling machine 10 is connected to the rear support system 20 through a pipeline connection system. During the tunneling process of the main tunneling machine 10, the pipeline connection system extends synchronously with the main tunneling machine 10. During the tunneling process of the main tunneling system 1, the rear support system 2 remains relatively stationary, and the pipeline connection system 2 gradually extends with the tunneling process of the main tunneling system 1. The main structure of the main tunneling system 1 and the main structure of the rear support system 2 can adopt the main machine and rear support system of existing equipment, but the main machine and the rear support system are set up separately; the main tunneling system is located behind the working face and advances while tunneling. The supporting systems are located in the main tunnel or assembly chamber and do not move with the excavation; the pipeline connection system is used for the transmission of hydraulic fluid, electricity, etc. This design significantly reduces the length of equipment in the tunnel, reduces the excavation and assembly time, improves the mobility of the tunneling machine, and enables rapid excavation of short-distance rock tunnels.

[0065] The supporting system comprises several self-moving trolleys 21 connected in sequence. Each trolley is equipped with a main control room 22, a hydraulic pump station 23, a water circulation system 24, and a transformer 25. The main control room, hydraulic pump station, and water circulation system are connected to the tunneling machine via pipelines. The self-moving trolleys are self-moving, facilitating rapid equipment relocation. The main control room allows for remote control from outside the tunnel. The hydraulic pump station, water circulation system, and transformer enable remote electro-hydraulic supply and control of the split-type tunneling machine. The supporting system consists of multiple modular trailers, located outside the tunnel, providing power fluid supply and operational functions. The main machine and the supporting system are connected via long-distance pipelines, enabling centralized control and optimized resource allocation. The separate design of the main machine and the supporting system significantly reduces equipment length and improves mobility.

[0066] Example 10: A method for rapid retraction and relocation of a tunneling machine, employing a trackless flatcar 50 and the tunneling machine described in Example 5. The trackless flatcar 50 includes a lifting support platform 52, with tracked rollers 51 and auxiliary supports 53 on both sides. A lifting balance support 54 is located at the bottom of the lifting support platform 52. The tracked rollers 51 feature a high-strength track design, enabling the flatcar to move autonomously without tracks and adapt to complex tunnel environments. Driven by a motor, the tracked rollers possess excellent obstacle-crossing ability and stability. The lifting support platform 52 is located on top of the flatcar and is equipped with a hydraulic jacking mechanism capable of lifting the entire tunneling machine off the ground. The lifting support platform 52 has pre-drilled bolt holes for fixed connection with the main beam of the tunneling machine, ensuring load-bearing stability. The auxiliary support 53, composed of hydraulic support rods, extends and tightens against the roadway surface, providing additional support and preventing the flatcar from tilting or sliding during retraction. The lifting balance support 54 features adjustable support wheels that can open and make slight contact with the ground surface, further balancing the trackless flatcar and ensuring the stability of the entire tunneling machine during retraction. The trackless flatcar also includes a control system that integrates automated control technology to monitor and adjust the flatcar's lifting, support, balancing, and movement status in real time. The control system achieves precise control through sensors and hydraulic actuators, ensuring efficiency and safety during the retraction process.

[0067] The working process of the trackless flatcar: 1. Move to the designated position by itself: The trackless flatcar moves to the designated position under the tunneling machine by controlling the tracked rollers through the control system.

[0068] 2. Lifting the bearing platform: Activate the hydraulic lifting mechanism of the lifting bearing platform 52 to lift the platform to contact the main beam of the tunneling machine, and fix the bearing platform to the main beam of the tunneling machine through the reserved bolt holes.

[0069] 3. Extended support mechanism: The auxiliary support 53 is extended by controlling the control system to tighten the trackless flatcar against the roadway ground and provide additional support.

[0070] 4. Activate the balancing mechanism: Start the lifting balancing support 54 to make slight contact with the ground surface, further balancing the trackless flatcar and ensuring the stability of the entire tunneling machine during the retraction process.

[0071] 5. Automated control retraction: The control system monitors the flatcar status in real time and dynamically adjusts the jacking force, support position, and movement path to ensure the safe and efficient retraction of the tunneling machine.

[0072] like Figure 16As shown, the specific steps of the rapid retraction method using the aforementioned tunneling machine are as follows: S1: Preliminary preparations: Repair or support the excavated chamber to ensure a smooth retraction path; dismantle the muck discharge conveyor belt at the bottom of the tunneling machine and disconnect the pipeline connection system between the tunneling machine main unit 10 and the downstream supporting system 20. Clear the muck and debris from the bottom of the tunnel to create a flat surface for the movement of the trackless flatcar. Dismantle the muck discharge conveyor belt, pipes, and pipelines at the bottom of the tunneling machine to avoid collisions or blockages during the retraction process; create favorable conditions for the retraction.

[0073] S2: Shield dismantling. The shield is designed and manufactured using modular connections to enable rapid dismantling. If fixed welding is used, it can be removed manually.

[0074] S3: The trackless flatcar 50 moves to the tunneling machine host 10, its lifting support platform 52 extends and is fixedly connected to the tunneling machine host 10, and the auxiliary support 53 and the lifting balance support 54 extend to support and bear the load of the tunneling machine host. The auxiliary support is tightened with the roadway ground to provide additional support force; the balance support is in slight contact with the ground surface to further balance the trackless flatcar.

[0075] S4: The cutterhead 100 at the front end of the tunneling machine main unit 10 folds and changes diameter; specifically, the front folding side block rotates 90 degrees counterclockwise relative to the center block and folds forward; the rear folding side block rotates 90 degrees clockwise relative to the center block and folds backward, thereby changing the diameter of the cutterhead, shrinking the tunneling machine cutterhead and shield to the minimum radius, so that it is separated from the surrounding rock of the tunnel wall and reducing the back-retraction resistance.

[0076] S5: The auxiliary support 53 of the trackless flatcar 50 is retracted; ensuring that the flatcar remains stable during the retraction process.

[0077] S6: The trackless flatcar 50 carrying the tunneling machine main unit 10 is synchronously retracted via the control system; the flatcar status is monitored in real time to ensure a smooth and efficient retraction process. Complex working conditions: Connecting the shield support cylinder: When the trackless flatcar's retraction force is insufficient, the electric drive line of the tunneling machine's shield support cylinder is connected to the trackless flatcar control system to provide power to the shield. Opening the shield and stabilizer: Activating the shield support cylinder opens the tunneling machine's shield, the stabilizer tightens the surrounding rock, and the propulsion cylinder provides retraction reaction force to the trackless flatcar, overcoming jamming problems.

[0078] S7: A stepping frame 60 is laid outside the chamber to provide a moving track for the trackless flatcar 50, so that the tunneling machine host 10 can safely retreat to the chamber and complete the rapid retreat of the tunneling machine; S8: The tunneling machine host 10 disconnects from the trackless flatcar 50 and moves along the main transport channel to the next starting chamber, completing the rapid transfer of the tunneling machine.

[0079] The aforementioned method for rapid retraction of a split-type tunneling machine, through cutterhead folding and shield removal, utilizes a trackless flatcar to achieve rapid and stable retraction of the entire machine under complex working conditions. This reduces the large workload and time-consuming nature of disassembly, significantly improving construction efficiency and mobility. This invention significantly reduces reliance on tracks during traditional retraction processes, adapting to complex tunnel environments. Automated control enables stable lifting and efficient movement of the entire tunneling machine, reducing the complexity and risks of manual operation. Multiple safeguards from the support and balancing mechanisms ensure the safety and stability of the retraction process. This invention's trackless flatcar-based rapid retraction method for tunneling machines, through a systematic operation process, achieves rapid and safe retraction of the tunneling machine under complex working conditions, significantly improving construction efficiency.

[0080] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for rapid retraction and relocation of a tunneling machine, employing a trackless flatcar (50) and a split-type tunneling machine; characterized in that: The split-type tunneling machine includes a split-set tunneling machine main unit (10) and a rear supporting system (20); the specific steps of the rapid retraction method are as follows: S1: Preliminary preparation work: the tunneling machine advances a certain distance and clears the surrounding rock of the chamber; if the tunneling machine has a shield, the shield needs to be removed to create good conditions for retraction; S2: The cutterhead (100) at the front end of the tunneling machine main unit (10) is folded to change diameter or the side blocks are removed; S3: The trackless flatcar (50) moves to the underside of the tunneling machine host (10) and bears the load on the tunneling machine host; S4: The trackless flatcar (50) carrying the tunneling machine host (10) is synchronously retracted by the control system; S5: A stepping frame (60) is laid outside the tunnel to provide a moving track for the trackless flatcar (50), so that the tunneling machine host (10) can safely retreat to the tunnel and complete the rapid retreat of the tunneling machine; S6: The tunneling machine host (10) disconnects from the trackless flatcar (50) and moves along the main transport channel to the next starting chamber, completing the rapid transfer of the tunneling machine.

2. The method for rapid retraction and relocation of a tunneling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, when the cutterhead (100) is folded and its diameter is changed, the front folding side block rotates 90 degrees counterclockwise relative to the center block and folds forward; the rear folding side block rotates 90 degrees clockwise relative to the center block and folds backward, thereby changing the diameter of the cutterhead and shrinking the tunneling machine cutterhead and shield to the minimum radius, so that they are separated from the surrounding rock of the tunnel wall and the retraction resistance is reduced.

3. The method for rapid retraction and relocation of a tunneling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, when the cutterhead (100) is removing the side block, rotate the cutterhead to move the side block (2) to be removed to a position perpendicular to the ground, and then remove the side block. Then the tunneling machine main unit (10) moves backward with the cooperation of its own support shoe and top support cylinder to separate the side block from the center block (1). Then rotate the cutterhead again to remove the next side block. Repeat this process until all side blocks are removed.

4. The method for rapid retraction and relocation of a tunneling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The trackless flatcar (50) includes a lifting platform (52), which has tracked rollers (51) and auxiliary supports (53) on both sides, and a lifting balance support (54) at the bottom.

5. A cutter head, characterized in that: Based on the method for rapid retraction and relocation of a tunneling machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5; the cutterhead includes a central block (1) and N side blocks (2), where N is an even number greater than or equal to 4. The side blocks (2) are provided with an expansion mechanism (26). The N side blocks (2) are detachably or hingedly arranged on the outer periphery of the central block (1). When the N side blocks (2) are hingedly arranged on the outer periphery of the central block (1), a corresponding folding drive (3) is provided between the N side blocks (2) and the central block (1). Under the action of the corresponding folding drive (3), the N side blocks (2) are flipped and folded forward or backward relative to the central block (1), and the folding directions of two adjacent side blocks are opposite.

6. The cutter head according to claim 6, characterized in that: The excavation mechanism (26) includes a roller cutter (261) and a cutter groove (263) provided on the side block (2); the roller cutter (261) is fixed on the cutter shaft (262), the roller cutter (261) and the cutter shaft (262) are located in the cutter groove (263), and the cutter shaft (262) is connected to the cutter groove (263) through the cutter shaft pad (264); when the cutter shaft pad (264) is added, the cutter shaft (262) drives the roller cutter (261) to lift and excavate.

7. The cutter head according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: The N edge blocks (2) are divided into front folding edge blocks and back folding edge blocks, and the folding directions of two adjacent edge blocks (2) are opposite; the center block (1) is the corresponding regular N-sided block; the folding drive (3) corresponding to the front folding edge block is the front folding drive (31), and the folding drive (3) corresponding to the back folding edge block is the back folding drive (32).

8. The cutter head according to claim 8, characterized in that: The front panel of the front folding block is hinged to the front of the center block (1) via a first hinge joint (21). The folding surface of the front folding block is slidably provided with a second hinge joint (22). The front folding drive (31) is obliquely embedded in the center block (1) and the top of the front folding drive (31) is connected to the second hinge joint (22).

9. The cutter head according to claim 9, characterized in that: The folding surface of the front folding block is provided with a groove (25), and the second hinge joint (22) is slidably disposed in the groove (25). The center block (1) is provided with an installation groove (11) on one side of the folding surface of the front folding block. The front folding drive component (31) is a linear telescopic cylinder, which is located in the installation groove (11).

10. The cutter head according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that: The rear part of the rear folding edge block is hinged to the rear part of the center block (1) through the third hinge joint (23). The rear folding drive (32) is an arc-shaped drive, and the two ends of the arc-shaped drive are respectively connected to the back of the rear folding edge block and the back of the center block (1).

11. The cutter head according to claim 11, characterized in that: The rear folding drive (32) includes an arc-shaped fixing part (321) and an arc-shaped telescopic part (322). The arc-shaped telescopic part (322) and the arc-shaped fixing part (321) form a semi-circular connection structure, and the arc-shaped telescopic part (322) and the arc-shaped fixing part (321) are detachably connected.

12. A tunneling machine, characterized in that: It includes a separate tunneling machine main unit (10) and a rear support system (20), wherein the tunneling machine main unit (10) includes the cutterhead (100) as described in any one of claims 6 to 12.

13. The tunneling machine according to claim 13, characterized in that: The tunneling machine host (10) is connected to the supporting system (20) through the pipeline connection system. During the tunneling process of the tunneling machine host (10), the pipeline connection system extends synchronously with the tunneling machine host (10).

14. A tunneling machine, characterized in that: It includes a separate tunneling machine main unit (10) and a rear support system (20), wherein the tunneling machine main unit (10) includes a shield (40) and a cutterhead (100) as described in any one of claims 6 to 12.

15. The tunneling machine according to claim 14, characterized in that: The tunneling machine host (10) is connected to the supporting system (20) through the pipeline connection system. During the tunneling process of the tunneling machine host (10), the pipeline connection system extends synchronously with the tunneling machine host (10).

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