Current limiting lightning protection device for wind turbine blades and method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a lightning current limiting lightning protection device for a wind power blade, comprising a connecting wire, a plurality of groups of lightning rod units are fixedly connected to the connecting wire, and a lightning current limiting assembly is arranged on the connecting wire between two adjacent lightning rod units. The application also discloses a lightning current limiting lightning protection method for a wind power blade. The lightning current limiting lightning protection device for a wind power blade and the lightning current limiting lightning protection method for a wind power blade disclosed by the application solve the problem that the lightning protection efficiency is low and the lightning current intensity cannot be reduced in the prior art, the lightning damage degree of the blade is serious, the lightning protection efficiency is improved, and the terminal lightning intensity is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of energy and safety technology, specifically relating to a current-limiting lightning protection device for wind turbine blades, and also to a current-limiting lightning protection method for wind turbine blades. Background Technology

[0002] Wind turbine blades, installed in open fields, face the threat of lightning strikes. With technological advancements, blade lengths have increased annually, making them more susceptible to lightning damage. Currently, mainstream blade lengths exceed 110 meters. According to the IEC's method for assessing the number of lightning strikes on blades, blades of this length installed in southern my country experience an average of over 100 lightning strikes per year. The industry commonly addresses this issue by placing metal blocks on the blade surface to intercept lightning strikes, and then grounding and releasing the lightning through grounding wires installed within the blade's internal cavity. However, this approach has significant limitations, including: it only provides passive lightning protection; the probability of the metal blocks intercepting lightning strikes is low; the internal down conductors are prone to fatigue fracture; it is unsuitable for high-altitude areas; conductor connections are prone to breakage and failure; and it cannot reduce the intensity of lightning current, resulting in severe damage to the blades from lightning strikes. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a current-limiting lightning protection device for wind turbine blades, which solves the problem that the existing technology uses metal blocks to intercept lightning with a low probability of lightning strikes and cannot reduce the intensity of lightning current, resulting in severe damage to the blades from lightning strikes.

[0004] Another object of the present invention is to provide a current-limiting lightning protection method for wind turbine blades.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this invention is a current-limiting lightning protection device for wind turbine blades, including a connecting wire, a number of lightning rod units fixed on the connecting wire, and a lightning current limiting component between two adjacent lightning rod units on the connecting wire.

[0006] The invention is further characterized by:

[0007] The spacing between two adjacent lightning rod units increases sequentially from the blade tip to the blade root, and the lightning current limiting components are equally spaced between two adjacent lightning rod units; the included angle between several groups of lightning rod units and the connecting wires is 45°-90°.

[0008] The lightning rod unit includes a branch conductor, one end of which is fixed to the connecting conductor, and the other end of which is fixed to a lightning rod fixing base. Two early discharge lightning rods are fixed to the lightning rod fixing base.

[0009] The lightning current limiting component includes two current limiting units and a housing. The two current limiting units are symmetrically arranged inside the housing. Each of the two current limiting units has a sealing sleeve on its corresponding outer end. Both current limiting units and the housing are sealed by the sealing sleeve. Both current limiting units are connected to the connecting wire.

[0010] The current limiting unit includes a voltage regulator ring with a magnetic ring sleeved at one end, a connecting tube fixed to the magnetic ring on the other side, an adapter pipe crimped to the other end of the voltage regulator ring, a current limiting needle inserted into the adapter pipe on the other side, an insulator sleeved on the outer wall of the current limiting needle, a voltage regulator ring carrier covering the outside of the voltage regulator ring, an upper fixing seat and a lower fixing seat, the voltage regulator ring carrier being fixed to the lower fixing seat via the upper fixing seat, the lower fixing seat being cuboid in shape, the insulator being cylindrical in shape, and the end face of the insulator contacting the side of the lower fixing seat.

[0011] The enclosure includes a bottom shell, two flow-limiting units are symmetrically arranged inside the bottom shell, and a cover plate is fixedly connected to the top of the bottom shell.

[0012] Several branch conductors were tinned at their connections to the lightning rod mounting base.

[0013] The early discharge lightning rod is made of stainless steel, the lightning rod fixing base is made of metal, the connecting wire is made of metal, the inner layer of the connecting wire is made of metal, the outer layer of the connecting wire is made of insulating material, the voltage stabilizing ring is made of metal, the magnetic ring is made of magnetic material, the adapter pipe is made of metal, the current limiting needle is made of semiconductor material, the insulator is made of rubber, the sealing sleeve is made of rubber, the cover plate is made of fiberglass, and the connecting pipe is made of metal.

[0014] Another technical solution adopted in this invention is a current-limiting lightning protection method for wind turbine blades, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0015] Step 1: When lightning occurs, multiple lightning rod units receive the lightning strikes respectively;

[0016] Step 2: Multiple lightning rod units guide the received lightning current through the lightning rod fixing base into the connecting wire;

[0017] Step 3: The lightning current on the connecting wire is conducted from the leaf tip to the leaf root;

[0018] Step 4: Several lightning current limiting components gradually reduce the conducted lightning current and dissipate energy on the connecting wires.

[0019] Step 5: After the gradual reduction of current and energy dissipation, the remaining lightning current continues to be conducted to the root of the blade through the connecting wire;

[0020] Step 6: The lightning current is conducted to the root of the blade and released through grounding, thus completing the lightning protection of the wind turbine blade.

[0021] Another feature of the technical solution of the present invention is that:

[0022] Step 4 is as follows:

[0023] Step 4.1: When the lightning current enters the lightning current limiting component, it flows through the magnetic ring inside the component. Under the action of the lightning current, the magnetic ring generates hysteresis loss, converting part of the energy carried by the lightning current into heat energy and dissipating it, thus achieving the initial reduction of the lightning current energy.

[0024] Step 4.2: The lightning current, after being initially processed by the magnetic ring, then flows through the voltage regulator coil. The voltage regulator coil uses its own electrical characteristics to smooth out the instantaneous fluctuations that occur during the transmission of the lightning current, and avoids the impact of sudden current spikes on the subsequent current limiting needle, ensuring that the lightning current enters the current limiting needle in a relatively stable state.

[0025] Step 4.3: After being stabilized by the voltage regulator, the lightning current finally flows through the current limiting needle. The current limiting needle, with the help of the nonlinear conductivity of the semiconductor, further limits the maximum peak value of the lightning current, reducing the lightning current intensity to a safe range that will not damage the blade components, thus completing the step-by-step reduction of the lightning current.

[0026] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0027] This invention provides a current-limiting lightning protection device and method for wind turbine blades. By installing early discharge lightning rods in high-risk areas of the blade, it can actively generate a lightning connection leader towards the thundercloud when the lightning electric field strength reaches a preset condition. This leader releases charge and forms a directional lightning leader channel, actively "capturing" lightning charge to prevent direct lightning strikes to the blade structure. This solves the problems of passive lightning interception and low interception probability of traditional metal blocks, significantly improving lightning protection efficiency. By arranging lightning current limiting components in stages along the lightning current conduction path, the device utilizes the hysteresis loss of the magnetic ring within the components to initially dissipate lightning current energy, the voltage regulator to smooth current fluctuations to avoid spike impacts, and the current limiting rod to limit current peaks. This achieves a step-by-step reduction in lightning current intensity and energy from the blade tip to the root, effectively avoiding electromagnetic interference, resistive heating effects, and surge impacts from lightning current on key components such as the blade root circuit control module, sensors, and cables. This solves the problems of traditional solutions failing to reduce lightning current intensity and causing severe lightning damage to the blade. The device uses a universal modular lightning rod fixing base that can be easily replaced, overcoming the limitations of the gradually changing blade airfoil design. The design addresses the issues of varying internal cavity heights at different locations and the difficulty in standardizing lightning protection components. This design can be replicated and transplanted to any type of wind turbine blade, forming a universal lightning protection design. This reduces customization costs and facilitates mass production, thereby lowering the overall blade cost. By tinning both ends of the connecting wires, the risk of wire breakage, failure, and fatigue fracture of the internal down conductor is reduced. Simultaneously, the sealing sleeve, insulators, cover, and mounting base of the lightning current limiting component provide excellent sealing and insulation protection, preventing current leakage and ensuring structural stability. This allows the device to adapt to complex outdoor environments such as high altitudes, solving the problem of traditional solutions being unsuitable for high-altitude areas. Overall, from the perspectives of active lightning protection, tiered current limiting, universal adaptability, and reliable connection, this design comprehensively optimizes the limitations of the traditional "metal block + down conductor" lightning protection scheme, significantly improving the reliability and protective effect of the wind turbine blade lightning protection device, reducing damage to the blades caused by lightning strikes, and extending the blade's service life. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the current-limiting lightning protection device for wind turbine blades according to the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lightning current limiting component of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the lightning current limiting component of the present invention.

[0031] In the diagram, 1. Connecting wire, 2. Lightning rod unit, 21. Branch wire, 22. Lightning rod fixing base, 23. Early discharge lightning rod, 3. Lightning current limiting component, 31. Current limiting unit, 3101. Voltage stabilizing ring, 3102. Magnetic ring, 3103. Connecting pipe, 3104. Adapter pipe, 3105. Current limiting needle, 3106. Insulator, 3107. Voltage stabilizing ring carrier, 3108. Upper fixing base, 3109. Lower fixing base, 32. Cover, 3201. Bottom shell of the cover, 3202. Cover plate, 33. Sealing sleeve. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0033] The present invention provides a current-limiting lightning protection device for wind turbine blades, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the system includes a connecting wire 1, on which several sets of lightning rod units 2 are fixed. A lightning current limiting component 3 is provided on the connecting wire 1 between each adjacent lightning rod unit 2. The distance between adjacent lightning rod units 2 increases sequentially from the blade tip to the blade root, and the lightning current limiting components 3 are evenly spaced between adjacent lightning rod units 2. The angle between the several sets of lightning rod units 2 and the connecting wire 1 is 45°-90°. Each lightning rod unit 2 includes a branch wire 21, one end of which is fixed to the connecting wire 1, and the other end of which is fixed to a lightning rod fixing base 22. Two early discharge lightning rods 23 are fixed to the lightning rod fixing base 22. Figure 2 , Figure 3As shown, the lightning current limiting assembly 3 includes two current limiting units 31 and a housing 32. The two current limiting units 31 are symmetrically arranged inside the housing 32. Each of the two current limiting units 31 has a corresponding outer end fitted with a sealing sleeve 33. Both current limiting units 31 and the housing 32 are sealed by the sealing sleeves 33. Both current limiting units 31 are connected to the connecting wire 1. The current limiting unit 31 includes a voltage stabilizing ring 3101, one end of which is fitted with a magnetic ring 3102, and also includes a connecting pipe 3103. On the other side, it is fixed to the magnetic ring 3102. An adapter pipe 3104 is crimped to the other end of the voltage regulator ring 3101. It also includes a current-limiting needle 3105, which is inserted into the adapter pipe 3104 on the other side. An insulator 3106 is sleeved on the outer wall of the current-limiting needle 3105. A voltage regulator ring carrier 3107 covers the outside of the voltage regulator ring 3101. It also includes an upper fixing seat 3108 and a lower fixing seat 3109. The voltage regulator ring carrier 3107 is fixed to the lower fixing seat 3109 via the upper fixing seat 3108. The base 3109 is rectangular, and the insulator 3106 is cylindrical, with the end face of the insulator 3106 contacting the side of the lower fixing base 3109. The cover 32 includes a bottom housing 3201, with two current-limiting units 31 symmetrically arranged inside the bottom housing 3201, and a cover plate 3202 fixed to the top of the bottom housing 3201. Several branch conductors 21 are tin-plated at their connections to the lightning rod fixing base 22. The early discharge lightning rod 23 is made of stainless steel, and the lightning rod fixing base 22... 2 is made of metal, connecting wire 1 is made of metal, the inner layer of connecting wire 1 is made of metal, the outer layer of connecting wire 1 is made of insulating material, voltage regulator ring 3101 is made of metal, magnetic ring 3102 is made of magnetic material, adapter pipe 3104 is made of metal, current limiting needle 3105 is made of semiconductor material, insulator 3106 is made of rubber, sealing sleeve 33 is made of rubber, cover plate 3202 is made of fiberglass, and connecting pipe 3103 is made of metal.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] The current-limiting lightning protection device for wind turbine blades proposed in this embodiment, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes a connecting wire 1, on which several sets of lightning rod units 2 are fixedly connected, and a lightning current limiting component 3 is provided on the connecting wire 1 between two adjacent lightning rod units 2.

[0036] Example 2

[0037] The current-limiting lightning protection device for wind turbine blades proposed in this embodiment, such as... Figure 1As shown, the system includes a connecting wire 1, on which several sets of lightning rod units 2 are fixedly connected. A lightning current limiting component 3 is provided on the connecting wire 1 between two adjacent lightning rod units 2. The distance between two adjacent lightning rod units 2 increases sequentially from the blade tip to the blade root. The lightning current limiting components 3 are equally spaced between two adjacent lightning rod units 2. The angle between the several sets of lightning rod units 2 and the connecting wire 1 is 45°-90°. The lightning rod unit 2 includes a branch wire 21, one end of which is fixedly connected to the connecting wire 1, and the other end of which is fixedly connected to a lightning rod fixing base 22. Two early discharge lightning rods 23 are fixedly connected to the lightning rod fixing base 22.

[0038] Example 3

[0039] The current-limiting lightning protection device for wind turbine blades proposed in this embodiment, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the system includes a connecting wire 1, on which several sets of lightning rod units 2 are fixed. A lightning current limiting component 3 is provided on the connecting wire 1 between each adjacent lightning rod unit 2. The distance between adjacent lightning rod units 2 increases sequentially from the blade tip to the blade root, and the lightning current limiting components 3 are evenly spaced between adjacent lightning rod units 2. The angle between the several sets of lightning rod units 2 and the connecting wire 1 is 45°-90°. Each lightning rod unit 2 includes a branch wire 21, one end of which is fixed to the connecting wire 1, and the other end of which is fixed to a lightning rod fixing base 22. Two early discharge lightning rods 23 are fixed to the lightning rod fixing base 22. Figure 2 As shown, the lightning current limiting component 3 includes two current limiting units 31 and a housing 32. The two current limiting units 31 are symmetrically arranged inside the housing 32. Each of the two current limiting units 31 has a corresponding outer end fitted with a sealing sleeve 33. Both current limiting units 31 and the housing 32 are sealed by the sealing sleeves 33. Both current limiting units 31 are connected to the connecting wire 1. The current limiting unit 31 includes a voltage stabilizing ring 3101, with a magnetic ring 3102 fitted at one end of the voltage stabilizing ring 3101. It also includes a connecting pipe 3103, which is fixed to the magnetic ring 3102 on the other side. The other end of the voltage stabilizing ring 3101... The device includes a crimped adapter 3104 and a current-limiting needle 3105. The current-limiting needle 3105 is inserted into the adapter 3104 on the other side. An insulator 3106 is sleeved on the outer wall of the current-limiting needle 3105. A voltage-stabilizing ring carrier 3107 covers the outside of the voltage-stabilizing ring 3101. The device also includes an upper fixing seat 3108 and a lower fixing seat 3109. The voltage-stabilizing ring carrier 3107 is fixed to the lower fixing seat 3109 through the upper fixing seat 3108. The lower fixing seat 3109 is rectangular. The insulator 3106 is cylindrical. The end face of the insulator 3106 is in contact with the side of the lower fixing seat 3109.

[0040] Example 4

[0041] The current-limiting lightning protection device for wind turbine blades proposed in this embodiment, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the system includes a connecting wire 1, on which several sets of lightning rod units 2 are fixed. A lightning current limiting component 3 is provided on the connecting wire 1 between each adjacent lightning rod unit 2. The distance between adjacent lightning rod units 2 increases sequentially from the blade tip to the blade root, and the lightning current limiting components 3 are evenly spaced between adjacent lightning rod units 2. The angle between the several sets of lightning rod units 2 and the connecting wire 1 is 45°-90°. Each lightning rod unit 2 includes a branch wire 21, one end of which is fixed to the connecting wire 1, and the other end of which is fixed to a lightning rod fixing base 22. Two early discharge lightning rods 23 are fixed to the lightning rod fixing base 22. Figure 2 As shown, the lightning current limiting assembly 3 includes two current limiting units 31 and a housing 32. The two current limiting units 31 are symmetrically arranged inside the housing 32. Each of the two current limiting units 31 has a sealing sleeve 33 fitted on its corresponding outer end. Both current limiting units 31 and the housing 32 are sealed by the sealing sleeves 33. Both current limiting units 31 are connected to the connecting wire 1. The current limiting unit 31 includes a voltage stabilizing ring 3101, with a magnetic ring 3102 fitted on one end of the voltage stabilizing ring 3101. It also includes a connecting tube 3103, which is fixed to the magnetic ring 3102 on the other side. An adapter tube 3104 is crimped to the other end of the voltage stabilizing ring 3101. It also includes a current limiting needle 3105, which is inserted into the adapter tube 3104 on the other side. 05 The outer wall is fitted with an insulator 3106, and the outside of the voltage stabilizing ring 3101 is covered with a voltage stabilizing ring carrier 3107. It also includes an upper fixing seat 3108 and a lower fixing seat 3109. The voltage stabilizing ring carrier 3107 is fixed to the lower fixing seat 3109 through the upper fixing seat 3108. The lower fixing seat 3109 is rectangular, and the insulator 3106 is cylindrical. The end face of the insulator 3106 is in contact with the side of the lower fixing seat 3109. The cover 32 includes a bottom shell 3201. Two current limiting units 31 are symmetrically arranged inside the bottom shell 3201. The top of the bottom shell 3201 is fixed with a cover plate 3202. The connection between several branch conductors 21 and the lightning rod fixing base 22 is tinned.

[0042] Example 5

[0043] The current-limiting lightning protection device for wind turbine blades proposed in this embodiment, such as... Figure 1As shown, the system includes a connecting wire 1, on which several sets of lightning rod units 2 are fixed. A lightning current limiting component 3 is provided on the connecting wire 1 between each adjacent lightning rod unit 2. The distance between adjacent lightning rod units 2 increases sequentially from the blade tip to the blade root, and the lightning current limiting components 3 are evenly spaced between adjacent lightning rod units 2. The angle between the several sets of lightning rod units 2 and the connecting wire 1 is 45°-90°. Each lightning rod unit 2 includes a branch wire 21, one end of which is fixed to the connecting wire 1, and the other end of which is fixed to a lightning rod fixing base 22. Two early discharge lightning rods 23 are fixed to the lightning rod fixing base 22. Figure 2 As shown, the lightning current limiting assembly 3 includes two current limiting units 31 and a housing 32. The two current limiting units 31 are symmetrically arranged inside the housing 32. Each of the two current limiting units 31 has a corresponding outer end fitted with a sealing sleeve 33. Both current limiting units 31 and the housing 32 are sealed by the sealing sleeves 33. Both current limiting units 31 are connected to the connecting wire 1. The current limiting unit 31 includes a voltage stabilizing ring 3101, one end of which is fitted with a magnetic ring 3102, and also includes a connecting pipe 3103. On the other side, it is fixed to the magnetic ring 3102. An adapter pipe 3104 is crimped to the other end of the voltage regulator ring 3101. It also includes a current-limiting needle 3105, which is inserted into the adapter pipe 3104 on the other side. An insulator 3106 is sleeved on the outer wall of the current-limiting needle 3105. A voltage regulator ring carrier 3107 covers the outside of the voltage regulator ring 3101. It also includes an upper fixing seat 3108 and a lower fixing seat 3109. The voltage regulator ring carrier 3107 is fixed to the lower fixing seat 3109 via the upper fixing seat 3108. The base 3109 is rectangular, and the insulator 3106 is cylindrical, with the end face of the insulator 3106 contacting the side of the lower fixing base 3109. The cover 32 includes a bottom housing 3201, with two current-limiting units 31 symmetrically arranged inside the bottom housing 3201, and a cover plate 3202 fixed to the top of the bottom housing 3201. Several branch conductors 21 are tin-plated at their connections to the lightning rod fixing base 22. The early discharge lightning rod 23 is made of stainless steel, and the lightning rod fixing base 22... 2 is made of metal, connecting wire 1 is made of metal, the inner layer of connecting wire 1 is made of metal, the outer layer of connecting wire 1 is made of insulating material, voltage regulator ring 3101 is made of metal, magnetic ring 3102 is made of magnetic material, adapter pipe 3104 is made of metal, current limiting needle 3105 is made of semiconductor material, insulator 3106 is made of rubber, sealing sleeve 33 is made of rubber, cover plate 3202 is made of fiberglass, and connecting pipe 3103 is made of metal.

[0044] Example 6

[0045] The current-limiting lightning protection device for wind turbine blades provided by this invention has the following assembly process:

[0046] Determining the location of lightning rod unit 2;

[0047] Lightning rod unit 2 is installed in the high-risk area of ​​the blade for lightning strikes. It consists of multiple units, numbered sequentially from the blade tip to the blade root as the first lightning rod unit, the second lightning rod unit, the third lightning rod unit, and the fourth lightning rod unit. The distance between them increases sequentially: the distance between the first and second lightning rods is 1.5m, the distance between the second and third lightning rods is 3m, and the distance between the third and fourth lightning rods is 5m. The angle between all lightning rods with branch conductors and the main conductor is between 45° and 90°.

[0048] Wire cutting;

[0049] Cut a 1.5m long wire to serve as the connecting wire between the first and second lightning rods;

[0050] Cut a 3m long wire to serve as the connecting wire between the second and third lightning rods;

[0051] Cut a 5m long wire to serve as the connecting wire between the third and fourth lightning rods;

[0052] Cut a 3m long wire to serve as the connecting wire between the second and third lightning rods;

[0053] Cut three 0.5m long wires to serve as branch connecting wires for the second, third, and fourth lightning rods;

[0054] The conductor is connected to the lightning rod fixing base 22;

[0055] The lightning rod mounting base 22 is a universal type and can be used in any location. Before installation, remove the insulation layer from both ends of the connecting wire 1 and the branch wire 21, and control the length to 40±5mm. Immerse the exposed conductor in molten solder for 5 seconds, remove it and cool it to room temperature. After the solder solidifies, repeat the above operation to tin all the connecting wires. Use a file to grind off the solder spikes and protrusions in the tinned area of ​​the wires. Insert the tinned wires into the wire holes of the lightning rod mounting base 22, and use soldering wire and a soldering iron to solder the branch wire 21 to the lightning rod mounting base 22.

[0056] Assemble lightning current limiting component 3;

[0057] During assembly, first connect the voltage stabilizer ring 3101, voltage stabilizer ring carrier 3107, magnetic ring 3102, connecting pipe 3103, adapter pipe 3104, current limiting needle 3105, and insulator 3106 into a whole. Then install the lower fixing seat 3109 and the upper fixing seat 3108, and after fitting the sealing sleeve 33, finally insert the bottom housing 3201 and the cover plate 3202 of the enclosure. The steps are as follows:

[0058] The voltage regulator ring 3101 is a prefabricated part, made by bending metal material, and its shape is fixed after molding. A magnetic ring 3102 is fitted onto one end of the voltage regulator ring 3101, and the other end is crimped onto an adapter pipe 3104. The voltage regulator ring carrier 3107 completely covers the outside of the voltage regulator ring 3101. A two-part mold with a fixed shape is used to clamp the voltage regulator ring 3101, which has undergone the above steps. Liquid polymer material is injected through the mold nozzle, heated, and allowed to solidify. The mold is then removed, completing the fabrication of the voltage regulator ring carrier 3107. A metal crimping connection pipe 3103 is crimped onto the side of the magnetic ring 3102. A current-limiting pin 3105 is inserted into the other side of the adapter pipe 3104, and an electromagnetic crimping process is used to crimp the adapter pipe 3104 onto the current-limiting pin 3105. The surface of the current-limiting pin is coated with a structural... Adhesive is used to mount the insulator 3106 onto the current-limiting needle, completing the bonding and fixing. The completed assembly is placed onto the lower fixing seat 3109. After applying sealant to the surface of the upper fixing seat 3108, it is flipped over and placed onto the lower fixing seat 3109. After curing, the lower fixing seat 3109 and the upper fixing seat 3108 are bonded and fixed. The completed assembly is placed into the bottom housing 3201 of the enclosure, and the position is adjusted so that the connecting tube 3103 protrudes from one side of the bottom housing 3201 of the enclosure. A sealing sleeve 33 is fitted onto the section of the connecting tube 3103 that protrudes from the bottom housing 3201 of the enclosure to form protection. The above steps are repeated to complete the installation of the symmetrical structure on the other side. The inner surface of the enclosure cover plate 3202 is coated with sealant and bonded and fixed to the bottom housing 3201 of the enclosure.

[0059] Connection between the current limiting component and the wire;

[0060] After assembling multiple current-limiting components, the wires are connected to the current-limiting components. The installation process for each component is the same, and the specific steps are as follows: cut the connecting wire at the installation location of the current-limiting component; remove the insulation from both ends of the cut connecting wire; insert the conductor into the exposed connecting tube hole of the current-limiting component; use a matching mold to crimp and deform the connecting tube; repeat the above steps to complete the crimping of the other section of the current-limiting component.

[0061] The lightning rod is made of stainless steel, brass, titanium alloy, tungsten alloy, and related combinations of coatings; the lightning rod is connected to the support by pins and rivets; the support is made of metal, including but not limited to aluminum, copper, and their alloys; the connecting wire is made of metal, with an inner metal layer and an outer insulating material; the inner metal layer of the connecting wire is made of pure copper; the cover plate of the lightning current limiting component is made of fiberglass; the sealing sleeve is made of rubber; the lower and upper parts of the fixing base are made of polymer materials, including cross-linked polyethylene, polyurethane, and polyimide; the voltage stabilizer carrier is made of polymer materials, including... Cross-linked polyethylene, polyurethane, and polyimide; voltage regulator rings are made of metal materials, including but not limited to aluminum, copper, iron, and their alloys; connecting pipes are made of metal materials, including but not limited to aluminum, copper, and their alloys; magnetic rings are made of magnetic materials, including but not limited to ferrite, neodymium iron boron magnets, and AlNiCo magnets; adapter pipes are made of metal materials, including but not limited to aluminum, copper, and their alloys; current limiting pins are made of semiconductor materials, including but not limited to silicon, germanium, gallium arsenide, and other elements or compounds; insulators are made of rubber materials, including but not limited to silicone rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, and TPU elastomers.

[0062] Example 7

[0063] The current-limiting lightning protection method for wind turbine blades proposed in this embodiment, based on the aforementioned current-limiting lightning protection device for wind turbine blades, specifically includes the following steps:

[0064] Step 1: When lightning occurs, multiple lightning rod units receive the lightning strikes respectively;

[0065] Step 2: Multiple lightning rod units guide the received lightning current through the lightning rod fixing base into the connecting wire;

[0066] Step 3: The lightning current on the connecting wire is conducted from the leaf tip to the leaf root;

[0067] Step 4: Several lightning current limiting components gradually reduce the conducted lightning current and dissipate energy on the connecting wires.

[0068] The specific process is as follows:

[0069] Step 4.1: When the lightning current enters the lightning current limiting component, it flows through the magnetic ring inside the component. Under the action of the lightning current, the magnetic ring generates hysteresis loss, converting part of the energy carried by the lightning current into heat energy and dissipating it, thus achieving the initial reduction of the lightning current energy.

[0070] Step 4.2: The lightning current, after being initially processed by the magnetic ring, then flows through the voltage regulator coil. The voltage regulator coil uses its own electrical characteristics to smooth out the instantaneous fluctuations that occur during the transmission of the lightning current, and avoids the impact of sudden current spikes on the subsequent current limiting needle, ensuring that the lightning current enters the current limiting needle in a relatively stable state.

[0071] Step 4.3: After being stabilized by the voltage regulator, the lightning current finally flows through the current limiting needle. The current limiting needle, with the help of the nonlinear conductivity of the semiconductor, further limits the maximum peak value of the lightning current, reducing the lightning current intensity to a safe range that will not damage the blade components, thus completing the step-by-step reduction of the lightning current.

[0072] Step 5: After the gradual reduction of current and energy dissipation, the remaining lightning current continues to be conducted to the root of the blade through the connecting wire;

[0073] Step 6: The lightning current is conducted to the root of the blade and released through grounding, thus completing the lightning protection of the wind turbine blade.

Claims

1. A current-limiting lightning protection device for wind turbine blades, characterized in that, Includes a connecting wire (1), on which several sets of lightning rod units (2) are fixedly connected, and lightning current limiting components (3) are provided on the connecting wire (1) between two adjacent lightning rod units (2). The distance between two adjacent lightning rod units (2) increases sequentially from the tip of the blade to the root of the blade, and the lightning current limiting components (3) are equally spaced between two adjacent lightning rod units (2); the included angle between several groups of lightning rod units (2) and the connecting wires (1) is 45°-90°. The lightning rod unit (2) includes a branch conductor (21), one end of which is fixed to the connecting conductor (1), and the other end of which is fixed to a lightning rod fixing base (22). Two early discharge lightning rods (23) are fixed on the lightning rod fixing base (22). The lightning current limiting component (3) includes two current limiting units (31) and a cover (32). The two current limiting units (31) are symmetrically arranged inside the cover (32). A sealing sleeve (33) is provided on the corresponding outer end of each of the two current limiting units (31). The two current limiting units (31) and the cover (32) are sealed by the sealing sleeve (33). The two current limiting units (31) are connected to the connecting wire (1). The current limiting unit (31) includes a voltage regulator ring (3101), one end of which is fitted with a magnetic ring (3102). It also includes a connecting tube (3103), which is fixedly connected to the magnetic ring (3102) on the other side. An adapter tube (3104) is crimped to the other end of the voltage regulator ring (3101). The unit also includes a current limiting needle (3105), which is inserted into the adapter tube (3104) on the other side. The outer wall of the current limiting needle (3105) is fitted with... The insulator (3106) is covered with a voltage stabilizing ring carrier (3107) on the outside of the voltage stabilizing ring (3101). It also includes an upper fixing seat (3108) and a lower fixing seat (3109). The voltage stabilizing ring carrier (3107) is fixed to the lower fixing seat (3109) through the upper fixing seat (3108). The lower fixing seat (3109) is rectangular. The insulator (3106) is cylindrical. The end face of the insulator (3106) is in contact with the side of the lower fixing seat (3109). The cover (32) includes a bottom shell (3201), two flow limiting units (31) are symmetrically arranged inside the bottom shell (3201), and a cover plate (3202) is fixedly connected to the top of the bottom shell (3201).

2. The current-limiting lightning protection device for wind turbine blades according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connection points between several of the branch conductors (21) and the lightning rod fixing base (22) are all tin-plated.

3. The current-limiting lightning protection device for wind turbine blades according to claim 2, characterized in that, The early discharge lightning rod (23) is made of stainless steel, the lightning rod fixing base (22) is made of metal, the connecting wire (1) is made of metal, the inner layer of the connecting wire (1) is made of metal, the outer layer of the connecting wire (1) is made of insulating material, the voltage stabilizing ring (3101) is made of metal, the magnetic ring (3102) is made of magnetic material, the adapter pipe (3104) is made of metal, the current limiting needle (3105) is made of semiconductor material, the insulator (3106) is made of rubber, the sealing sleeve (33) is made of rubber, the cover plate (3202) is made of fiberglass, and the connecting pipe (3103) is made of metal.

4. A current-limiting lightning protection method for wind turbine blades, characterized in that, The current-limiting lightning protection device for wind turbine blades according to claim 3 specifically includes the following steps: Step 1: When lightning occurs, multiple lightning rod units receive the lightning strikes respectively; Step 2: Multiple lightning rod units guide the received lightning current through the lightning rod fixing base into the connecting wire; Step 3: The lightning current on the connecting wire is conducted from the leaf tip to the leaf root; Step 4: Several lightning current limiting components gradually reduce the conducted lightning current and dissipate energy on the connecting wires. Step 5: After the gradual reduction of current and energy dissipation, the remaining lightning current continues to be conducted to the root of the blade through the connecting wire; Step 6: The lightning current is conducted to the root of the blade and released through grounding, thus completing the lightning protection of the wind turbine blade.

5. The current-limiting lightning protection device for wind turbine blades according to claim 4, characterized in that, The specific process of step 4 is as follows: Step 4.1: When the lightning current enters the lightning current limiting component, it flows through the magnetic ring inside the component. Under the action of the lightning current, the magnetic ring generates hysteresis loss, converting part of the energy carried by the lightning current into heat energy and dissipating it, thus achieving the initial reduction of the lightning current energy. Step 4.2: The lightning current, after being initially processed by the magnetic ring, then flows through the voltage regulator coil. The voltage regulator coil uses its own electrical characteristics to smooth out the instantaneous fluctuations that occur during the transmission of the lightning current, and avoids the impact of sudden current spikes on the subsequent current limiting needle, ensuring that the lightning current enters the current limiting needle in a relatively stable state. Step 4.3: After being stabilized by the voltage regulator, the lightning current finally flows through the current limiting needle. The current limiting needle, with the help of the nonlinear conductivity of the semiconductor, further limits the maximum peak value of the lightning current, reducing the lightning current intensity to a safe range that will not damage the blade components, thus completing the step-by-step reduction of the lightning current.

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