Shape memory alloy shape follow-up detection device, system and detection method

Abstract

The invention relates to a shape memory alloy shape follow-up detection device, system and method. The detection device comprises a detection unit array, a positioning assembly and a clamping assembly. Each detection unit array is formed by array arrangement of a plurality of detection units in a detachable connection mode, and a temperature sensor which can be attached to a shape memory alloy sample along with the shape and feed back temperature and displacement changes is telescopically arranged in each detection unit. The positioning assembly comprises at least two positioning blocks, the positioning blocks are connected with the detection unit at the top, and the positioning blocks are rotationally connected through the same locking knob so as to adjust the included angle between the adjacent positioning blocks. The clamping assembly comprises a supporting frame and a plurality of chuck assemblies which are arranged on the supporting frame and used for clamping the shape memory alloy samples. Compared with the prior art, the device and the method have the advantages that the shape memory alloy sample can be subjected to shape follow-up fitting, and the deformation behavior of the shape memory alloy sample can be subjected to shape follow-up testing under the thermal excitation condition.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of material performance testing technology, and in particular to a shape memory alloy conformal testing device, testing system and testing method. Background Technology

[0002] Shape memory alloys are smart materials composed of two or more metals that exhibit shape memory and superelasticity through thermoelastic and martensitic phase transformations and their inverse transformations. Due to their unique properties during thermal cycling, they have become core component materials for critical equipment in the aerospace field, used in important components such as satellite folding antennas, lunar lander antennas, solar panel actuators, and satellite clamping and releasing devices. Simultaneously, shape memory alloys also hold enormous application potential in many emerging high-tech industrial fields.

[0003] A crucial prerequisite for designing shape memory alloy parts is a thorough understanding of their deformation characteristics. The current mainstream technical approach involves repeatedly training the parts before they enter service by adjusting key parameters affecting the shape memory effect, such as temperature and load, to achieve a stable microstructure and performance. This allows for effective control and application of the parts. During this process, it is necessary to acquire effective data on the deformation process of the shape memory alloy using testing equipment to optimize the training process.

[0004] CN112697834A discloses a method and system for testing the restoring force performance of shape memory alloys. It uses a calibrated insulated chamber as a heating device, designs a cylindrical or sheet-like test sample, arranges temperature measuring points and force gauges, records temperature and force changes, and establishes a temperature-restoring force curve. CN106525566A discloses a thermo-mechanical coupled multiaxial cyclic deformation experimental device for shape memory alloys. It employs an MTS testing machine, an optical strain gauge, a temperature sensor, and a DC heating power supply. Data is simultaneously acquired through the optical strain gauge and temperature sensor, and real-time temperature control is achieved using the DC heating power supply and a cooling module, ensuring the synchronous acquisition of force, temperature, and strain data.

[0005] However, the aforementioned shape memory alloy testing devices have the following shortcomings: (1) They cannot perform conformal testing to fit the complex shape of the shape memory alloy, and can only perform axial tensile testing; (2) They can only test the morphology and simple performance data in the initial and final states, and cannot record the composite performance variables of the shape memory alloy during the deformation process; (3) They do not have the ability to simultaneously acquire coupled data of multiple physical quantities such as temperature and deformation, and it is difficult to establish the correlation of performance coupling through data processing. The aforementioned current testing equipment has the problems of limited testing items and insufficient flexibility, which directly increases the design and development difficulty of shape memory alloy parts, prolongs the development cycle, and limits its widespread application in the field of high-end equipment manufacturing.

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new detection device and system for conformal detection of shape memory alloy samples, so as to realize the synchronous measurement of coupled data of multiple physical quantities such as temperature and deformation, and provide more reliable data support for the research and development design of shape memory alloy materials and parts. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies in the difficulty of performing conformal testing on shape memory alloy samples, and to provide a conformal testing device, testing system and testing method for shape memory alloys.

[0008] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0009] The present invention first provides a shape memory alloy conformal detection device, the detection device including a detection unit array arranged on both sides, a positioning component connected to the detection unit array, and a clamping component disposed between the two positioning components and capable of clamping the shape memory alloy sample.

[0010] The detection unit array is composed of several detection units arranged in an array through detachable connection. Each detection unit can be retractably equipped with a temperature sensor that can conform to the shape memory alloy sample and provide feedback on temperature and displacement changes.

[0011] The positioning component includes at least two positioning blocks; each positioning block is connected to the detection unit at the top, and each is rotatably connected via the same locking knob to adjust the included angle between adjacent positioning blocks;

[0012] The clamping assembly includes a support frame and several chuck assemblies mounted on the support frame for clamping shape memory alloy samples; both ends of the support frame are connected to positioning assemblies on the corresponding sides via locking knobs.

[0013] Furthermore, the detection unit includes a housing, an adjustment knob, and a probe.

[0014] Furthermore, the outer shell has a hollow cavity inside, and the hollow cavity is connected to both ends of the outer shell along its length; the adjustment knob is threaded to both ends of the outer shell, and the probe passes through the through channel formed by the adjustment knob and the outer shell and extends out from both ends.

[0015] Furthermore, the probe has a hollow structure, with the temperature sensor passing through the hollow channel of the probe and extending from both ends of the probe.

[0016] Furthermore, the probe has an annular protrusion in the portion located within the hollow cavity, and probe springs are respectively provided on both sides of the annular protrusion and sleeved on the probe.

[0017] Furthermore, one end of the probe spring abuts against the annular protrusion, and the other end abuts against the side wall of the hollow cavity at the end.

[0018] Furthermore, the outer shell is a square tubular structure.

[0019] Furthermore, the outer shell has tenon structures on two adjacent sides along the length direction, and the remaining two sides of the outer shell have first mortise structures that can match the shape of the tenon structures along the length direction.

[0020] Furthermore, the tenon structure has a limiting bolt fixing hole in the middle, and a limiting bolt is connected to the limiting bolt fixing hole by a limiting spring.

[0021] Furthermore, the middle part of the tenon structure is provided with a first limiting hole that cooperates with the positioning bolt for positioning.

[0022] Furthermore, the bottom of the positioning block is provided with a second mortise structure that can match the shape of the tenon structure of the outer shell, and a second limiting hole that can match the positioning bolt of the outer shell.

[0023] Furthermore, the detection unit is connected to the first mortise and tenon structure and the first limiting hole of the adjacent detection unit through the tenon structure and the limiting bolt, respectively. The top detection unit is connected to the second mortise and tenon structure and the second limiting hole of the positioning block through the tenon structure and the limiting bolt, respectively.

[0024] Furthermore, each of the positioning blocks includes an integrally connected rotating connecting part and a positioning part. The rotating connecting part is provided with a coaxial hole that can be assembled with the locking knob, and the top surface of the rotating connecting part is continuously staggered in height so that the top surface of each positioning part is horizontally aligned.

[0025] Furthermore, two angle adjustment heads are rotatably mounted on the positioning part of the positioning block. Each angle adjustment head is connected to one of the angle adjustment heads of the adjacent positioning block by an adjustment bolt, which is used to adjust the included angle between the adjacent positioning blocks to vary within 0 to 60°.

[0026] Furthermore, the support frame includes a set of parallel side plates and a horizontal plate connecting the tops of the two side plates. The horizontal plate extends outward from one end facing the detection unit array and has an ear plate. The ear plate has a mounting hole that can be threaded into the locking knob.

[0027] Furthermore, the chuck assembly includes a screw that is threaded to the side of the support frame and a chuck located at the end of the screw. The screw and the chuck are movably connected by a ball joint, and the side of the chuck that contacts the shape memory alloy sample is provided with an anti-slip pad.

[0028] The present invention also provides a shape memory alloy conformal detection system, the detection system comprising the above-mentioned shape memory alloy conformal detection device, and further comprising:

[0029] Support frame for supporting the shape memory alloy conformal detection device;

[0030] A heating component, mounted on a support frame, is used for non-contact heating of shape memory alloy samples;

[0031] The displacement data acquisition component is mounted on the support frame and faces the end of the temperature sensor, and is used to acquire the displacement changes at the end of the temperature sensor.

[0032] Furthermore, the support frame consists of several horizontal support rods and vertical support rods, and a height adjustment rod is connected between the two vertical support rods on each side of the conformal detection device.

[0033] Furthermore, the clamping assembly of the conformal detection device is connected to the transverse support rod at the top of the support frame via a locking knob.

[0034] Furthermore, the displacement data acquisition component is mounted on the height adjustment rod.

[0035] Furthermore, the displacement data acquisition component is a high-definition camera, and all temperature sensors in the detection unit array are located within the acquisition range of the high-definition camera.

[0036] The present invention also provides a conformal detection method for shape memory alloys, using the above-described conformal detection system for shape memory alloys;

[0037] The detection method includes the following steps:

[0038] S1: Assemble the detection unit array according to the initial shape of the shape memory alloy sample to be tested, and adjust the positioning component and clamping component to make each temperature sensor conform to the shape of the shape memory alloy sample.

[0039] S2: Start the heating assembly to heat the shape memory alloy sample;

[0040] S3: During the heating and deformation process, the temperature change at the corresponding detection position is collected by the temperature sensor, and the displacement change at the end of each temperature sensor is collected by the displacement data acquisition component to perform conformal detection on the shape memory alloy sample.

[0041] S4: Based on the temperature and displacement data obtained in S3, a data association is finally formed that corresponds one-to-one with the detection location.

[0042] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0043] (1) The shape memory alloy conformal detection device of the present invention, through the ingenious arrangement and cooperation of the detection unit array, positioning component and clamping component, can not only stably clamp the shape memory alloy sample during the conformal detection process, but also perform conformal detection by attaching the shape memory alloy sample with the retractable temperature sensor, and simultaneously feed back the temperature change of the sample surface and the displacement change caused by the sample deformation, so as to truly realize the conformal detection of the shape memory alloy sample and the acquisition of multiple physical quantity data of temperature and displacement.

[0044] (2) The detection unit array of the present invention is formed by splicing several detection units into an array structure, and the test angle can be flexibly adjusted by the positioning component. Therefore, it can perform conformal detection on shape memory alloy samples of different shapes and sizes such as planes and curved surfaces, which greatly expands the selection range of shape memory alloy sample shapes and sizes.

[0045] (3) The detection unit array and clamping component of the present invention innovatively combine the tenon and mortise structure and the positioning fit of the limiting bolt and limiting hole, which not only realizes the detachable connection of adjacent components, but also ensures the stability of the connection.

[0046] (4) The shape memory alloy conformal detection system of the present invention uses a detection unit array to form a conformal fit to the shape memory alloy sample, and performs conformal testing on the deformation behavior of the shape memory alloy sample under thermal excitation conditions through data acquisition components such as displacement data acquisition components and temperature sensor arrays, so as to realize the synchronous acquisition of various types of data such as instantaneous response of deformation and local temperature change.

[0047] (5) The shape memory alloy conformal detection system of the present invention organically combines temperature acquisition and displacement acquisition. Through the ingenious design of the temperature sensor in the detection unit, the synchronous acquisition of multiple physical quantities such as temperature and deformation is realized, and a large amount of performance data of shape memory alloy during the deformation process is obtained. The acquired performance data is matched one-to-one with the sample position information to form data units and databases. Through data processing, statistical and visualization analysis can be performed, which can provide a reference for the research and development and further control of shape memory alloy. Attached Figure Description

[0048] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the shape memory alloy conformal detection device of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single detection unit in Embodiments 2-3 of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of a single detection unit in Embodiments 2-3 of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning component in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the positioning block in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the clamping component in Embodiment 5 of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the chuck assembly in Embodiment 5 of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the shape memory alloy conformal detection system in Embodiment 6 of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 9 This is a side view of the shape memory alloy conformal detection system of Embodiment 9 of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 10 This is a diagram showing the results of deformation and corresponding detection positions in Embodiment 9 of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the shape memory alloy conformal detection system of Embodiment 10 of the present invention.

[0059] Figure 12 This is a graph showing the results of deformation, temperature, and corresponding detection positions in Embodiment 10 of the present invention.

[0060] Explanation of markings in the diagram:

[0061] 1-Detection unit array;

[0062] 11-Temperature sensor;

[0063] 12-Outer shell, 121-Hollow cavity, 122-Tenon structure, 123-First tenon structure, 124-Limit bolt fixing hole, 125-Limit spring, 126-Limit bolt, 127-First limit hole;

[0064] 13-Adjustment knob;

[0065] 14-Probe, 141-Annular protrusion;

[0066] 15 - Probe spring;

[0067] 2-Positioning components;

[0068] 21-Positioning block, 211-Second tenon structure, 212-Second limiting hole, 213-Rotating connection part, 214-Positioning part, 215-Coaxial hole;

[0069] 22- Locking knob;

[0070] 23- Angle adjustment head;

[0071] 24 - Adjusting bolt;

[0072] 3-Clamping assembly;

[0073] 31-Support frame, 311-Side plate, 312-Horizontal plate, 313-Ear plate, 314-Mounting hole;

[0074] 32-Chuck assembly, 321-Screw, 322-Chuck, 323-Ball head, 324-Anti-slip pad;

[0075] 4-Shape memory alloy sample;

[0076] 5-Support frame, 51-Horizontal support rod, 52-Vertical support rod, 53-Height adjustment rod;

[0077] 6-Heating components;

[0078] 7-Displacement data acquisition component. Detailed Implementation

[0079] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. These embodiments are based on the technical solution of the present invention and provide detailed implementation methods and specific operating procedures. However, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0080] In this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships, are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention; the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance; furthermore, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly, for example, they can be fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can be mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can be direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; they can be internal connections between two elements. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0081] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0082] Example 1:

[0083] This embodiment provides a shape memory alloy conformal detection device. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the detection device in this embodiment includes a detection unit array 1, a positioning component 2, and a clamping component 3. The detection unit array 1 in this embodiment is arranged on both sides, and each detection unit array 1 is connected to a positioning component 2. The clamping component 3 is located between the two positioning components 2 and can clamp the shape memory alloy sample 4.

[0084] The detection unit array 1 in this embodiment is composed of several detection units arranged in an array via detachable connections. Each detection unit in this embodiment is equipped with a retractable temperature sensor 11. The temperature sensor 11 can conformally fit with the shape memory alloy sample 4 during the test and can report the measured temperature and the displacement change of the temperature sensor 11 itself. Since the shape memory alloy sample 4 will deform during temperature changes, the retractable setting of the temperature sensor 11 can realize conformal fitting of the shape memory alloy sample 4 and feedback of displacement changes, and it can also report the temperature change of the surface of the shape memory alloy sample 4 in real time during the conformal fitting process.

[0085] The positioning component 2 in this embodiment includes at least two positioning blocks 21. Each positioning block 21 is connected to the detection unit at the top and is rotatably connected via the same locking knob 22 to adjust the included angle between adjacent positioning blocks 21. Since the shape memory alloy samples 4 have different shapes (e.g., planar or curved), the temperature sensor 11 can adapt to various shapes of shape memory alloy samples 4 by adjusting the included angle between adjacent positioning blocks 21, truly achieving shape-following fit.

[0086] The clamping assembly 3 in this embodiment includes a support frame 31 and a plurality of clamping head assemblies 32 disposed on the support frame 31 for clamping the shape memory alloy sample 4. In addition, both ends of the support frame 31 in this embodiment are respectively connected to the positioning assembly 2 on the corresponding side via locking knobs 22, realizing the overall connection between the detection unit array 1, the positioning assembly 2 and the clamping assembly 3.

[0087] Example 2:

[0088] This embodiment provides a shape memory alloy conformal detection device. The detection device of this embodiment includes a detection unit array 1, a positioning component 2, and a clamping component 3.

[0089] The difference from Embodiment 1 is that, in order to achieve an adaptable and retractable configuration of the temperature sensor 11 in the detection unit, the detection unit in this embodiment includes a housing 12, an adjustment knob 13, and a probe 14. For example... Figure 2-3As shown, the interior of the outer casing 12 is provided with a hollow cavity 121, and the hollow cavity 121 is connected to both ends of the outer casing 12 along its length. The adjusting knob 13 is threadedly engaged with both ends of the outer casing 12, and the probe 14 passes through the through channel formed by the adjusting knob 13 and the outer casing 12 and extends out from both ends.

[0090] In this embodiment, the probe 14 has a hollow structure. The temperature sensor 11 passes through the hollow channel of the probe 14 and extends from both ends of the probe 14. The portion of the probe 14 located inside the hollow chamber 121 has an annular protrusion 141. On both sides of the annular protrusion 141, probe springs 15 are respectively provided and sleeved on the probe 14. One end of the probe spring 15 abuts against the annular protrusion 141, and the other end abuts against the side wall of the hollow chamber 121 at the end.

[0091] Example 3:

[0092] This embodiment provides a shape memory alloy conformal detection device. The detection device of this embodiment includes a detection unit array 1, a positioning component 2, and a clamping component 3.

[0093] The difference from Embodiment 2 is that, in order to achieve detachable connection between adjacent detection units and connection between the detection unit and the positioning component 2, the outer shell 12 of this embodiment is set as a square tubular structure. Tenon structures 122 are provided on two adjacent sides of the outer shell 12 along the length direction, and first mortise and tenon structures 123 that can fit the shape of the tenon structures 122 are provided on the remaining two sides of the outer shell 12 along the length direction. A limiting bolt fixing hole 124 is provided in the middle of the tenon structure 122 in this embodiment, and a limiting bolt 126 is connected to the limiting bolt fixing hole 124 through a limiting spring 125. A first limiting hole 127 is provided in the middle of the mortise and tenon structure 123 to position and cooperate with the limiting bolt 126.

[0094] The bottom of the positioning block 21 in this embodiment is provided with a second mortise structure 211 that can match the shape of the tenon structure 121 of the outer shell 12, and a second limiting hole 212 that can be positioned and matched with the limiting bolt 125 of the outer shell 12.

[0095] In this embodiment, the detection unit is connected to the first mortise structure 122 and the first limiting hole 127 of the adjacent detection unit via the tenon structure 121 and the limiting bolt 125, respectively. The top detection unit is connected to the second mortise structure 211 and the second limiting hole 212 of the positioning block 21 via the tenon structure 122 and the limiting bolt 126, respectively.

[0096] This embodiment effectively combines the tenon structure 122 with the mortise and tenon structure and the positioning fit between the limiting bolt 126 and the limiting hole, which not only realizes the detachable connection of adjacent components, but also ensures the stability of the connection.

[0097] Example 4:

[0098] This embodiment provides a shape memory alloy conformal detection device. The detection device of this embodiment includes a detection unit array 1, a positioning component 2, and a clamping component 3.

[0099] The difference from Embodiment 1 is that, in order to achieve the adjustment of the angle between the positioning blocks 21, such as... Figure 4-5 As shown, each positioning block 21 in this embodiment includes an integrally connected rotating connecting part 213 and a positioning part 214. The rotating connecting part 213 is provided with a coaxial hole 215 that can be assembled with the locking knob 22. Furthermore, the top surfaces of the rotating connecting parts 213 in this embodiment are continuously staggered in height, ensuring that the top surfaces of each positioning part 214 are horizontally aligned. In use, each positioning block 21 in this embodiment rotates around the same axis (i.e., the locking knob 22) in a fan-like manner to adjust the angle.

[0100] In this embodiment, each positioning block 21 has two angle adjustment heads 23 rotatably mounted on its positioning part 214. Each angle adjustment head 23 has a through threaded hole, and the axes of the threaded holes of all positioning blocks 21 are kept at the same horizontal level. Each angle adjustment head 23 is connected to one of the angle adjustment heads 23 of the adjacent positioning block 21 by an adjustment bolt 24, which is used to adjust the included angle between the adjacent positioning blocks 21 within the range of 0 to 60°. When it is necessary to adjust the included angle between the adjacent positioning blocks 21, the two positioning blocks 21 can be driven closer or further apart by turning the adjustment bolt 24, and the included angle between the adjacent positioning blocks 21 can be adjusted separately.

[0101] Example 5:

[0102] This embodiment provides a shape memory alloy conformal detection device. The detection device of this embodiment includes a detection unit array 1, a positioning component 2, and a clamping component 3.

[0103] The difference from Example 1 is that, in order to achieve a stable grip on the shape memory alloy sample 4, such as... Figure 6 As shown, the support frame 31 in this embodiment includes a set of parallel side plates 311 and a horizontal plate 312 connecting the top of the two side plates 311. The horizontal plate 312 extends outward from one end facing the detection unit array 1 and is provided with an ear plate 313. The ear plate 313 is provided with a mounting hole 314 that can be threadedly engaged with the locking knob 22. The clamping assembly 3, the positioning assembly 2, and the detection unit array 1 can be connected and assembled as a whole through the locking knob 22.

[0104] like Figure 7As shown, the chuck assembly 32 of this embodiment includes a screw 321 that is threaded into the side of the support frame 31 and a chuck 322 located at the end of the screw 321. The screw 321 and the chuck 322 are movably connected by a ball joint 323 to achieve flexible adjustment over a wide angle range. The side of the chuck 322 that contacts the shape memory alloy sample 4 is provided with an anti-slip pad 324 to increase the contact friction between the chuck 322 and the shape memory alloy sample 4, thereby achieving stable clamping and gripping.

[0105] Example 6:

[0106] This embodiment provides a shape memory alloy conformal detection system, such as... Figure 8 As shown, it specifically includes the shape memory alloy conformal detection device in Embodiment 1, and also includes a support frame 5, a heating component 6, and a displacement data acquisition component 7.

[0107] In this embodiment, the support frame 5 is used to support the shape memory alloy conformal detection device.

[0108] In this embodiment, the heating component 6 is disposed on the support frame 5 and is used for non-contact heating of the shape memory alloy sample 4.

[0109] In this embodiment, the displacement data acquisition component 7 is mounted on the support frame 5 and faces the end of the temperature sensor 11, and is used to acquire the displacement changes at the end of the temperature sensor 11.

[0110] This embodiment also provides a method for detecting conformal shapes of shape memory alloys. Using the above-described shape memory alloy conformal detection system, the detection method includes the following steps:

[0111] S1: Assemble the detection unit array 1 according to the initial shape of the shape memory alloy sample 4 to be tested, and adjust the positioning component 2 and the clamping component 3 so that each temperature sensor 11 fits the shape memory alloy sample 4 in a conformal manner.

[0112] S2: Start heating component 6 to heat shape memory alloy sample 4;

[0113] S3: During the heating and deformation process, the temperature change at the corresponding detection position is collected by the temperature sensor 11, and the displacement change at the end of each temperature sensor 11 is collected by the displacement data acquisition component 7 to perform conformal detection on the shape memory alloy sample 4.

[0114] S4: Based on the temperature and displacement data obtained in S3, a data association is finally formed that corresponds one-to-one with the detection location.

[0115] This embodiment integrates the support frame 5, the heating component 6, and the displacement data acquisition component 7 to form a complete conformal detection system. Based on this conformal detection system, the temperature change performance of the shape memory alloy sample 4 can be tested.

[0116] Example 7:

[0117] This embodiment provides a shape memory alloy conformal detection system, specifically including the shape memory alloy conformal detection device in Embodiment 1, and also including a support frame 5, a heating component 6, and a displacement data acquisition component 7.

[0118] The difference from Embodiment 6 is that the support frame 5 in this embodiment consists of several horizontal support rods 51 and vertical support rods 52, with a height adjustment rod 53 connected between the two vertical support rods 52 on each side of the conformal detection device. The clamping assembly 3 of the conformal detection device is connected to the horizontal support rods 51 at the top of the support frame 5 via a locking knob 22. The displacement data acquisition assembly 7 is located on the height adjustment rod 53, and the heating assembly 6 is located on the bottom surface of the support frame 5 and between the detection unit arrays 1 on both sides.

[0119] In this embodiment, the displacement data acquisition component 7 is a high-definition camera, and all temperature sensors 11 of the detection unit array 1 are located within the acquisition range of the high-definition camera. Specifically, the displacement data acquisition component 7 can use a 1000fps SD-type XTDIC-SPARK high-speed camera with XTDIC or DIPP-Motion V software to accurately acquire displacement data. During testing, reflective markers or speckles are first set on the surface of the object being tested. The camera is mounted on the support frame 5 and the optical axis is adjusted to be parallel. The pixel equivalent is calculated using a calibration plate. During the acquisition process, motion sequences are recorded at a high frame rate. The software tracks the markers using a normalized cross-correlation algorithm and sub-pixel interpolation, converting pixel displacement into physical displacement and generating displacement-time curves and spectral data. This system can achieve micron-level accuracy (error ±0.1mm) and is suitable for high-speed dynamic measurements such as vibration analysis and impact testing. The key point is to control the exposure time to prevent motion blur and ensure the contrast of the markers.

[0120] Example 8:

[0121] A shape memory alloy conformal detection device, detection system and detection method, including a detection unit array 1, a positioning component 2, a clamping component 3, a support frame 5, a heating component 6 and a displacement data acquisition component 7.

[0122] The detection unit array 1 consists of several detection units arranged in an array. Each detection unit comprises a housing 12, a probe 14, a probe spring 15, a temperature sensor 11, and an adjustment knob 13. The housing 12 is a square tubular structure with wedge-shaped grooves and tenon structures for mutual assembly, a first limiting hole 127, and a limiting bolt 126 on the outside of the tubular structure. The limiting bolt 126 and the limiting spring 125 are installed in the fixing hole of the limiting bolt 126, and the limiting bolt 126 is supported by the limiting spring 125. The hollow cavity 121 of the housing 12 is a circular hole, and the two ends of the tubular structure of the housing 12 are internally threaded through holes concentric with the hollow cavity 121 of the housing 12. The probe 14 is a cylindrical structure with an annular protrusion 141 in the middle. The outer diameter of the annular protrusion 141 is smaller than the through diameter of the hollow cavity 121 of the housing 12. The probe spring 15 is installed on both sides of the annular protrusion 141 structure of the probe 14. The probe 14 has hemispherical ends to reduce friction at the contact point. In this embodiment, the probe 14 is made of ceramic with a cylindrical surface roughness ≤0.6μm and a circular through-hole extending through the axial direction. The temperature sensor 11 has a hemispherical end that is inserted into the through-hole structure of the probe 14 and secured by a threaded lock. The adjustment knob 13 is an annular structure with a central through-hole. The external thread of the adjustment knob 13 is assembled with the internal threads at both ends of the tubular structure of the outer casing 12. The surface roughness of the inner wall of the through-hole is ≤0.6μm and it limits the movement of the probe 14. The assembly gap is +0.1mm to +0.2mm to ensure that the probe 14 slides smoothly in the adjustment knob 13.

[0123] The assembly steps of the detection unit are as follows: insert the probe 14 into the housing 12, and install the probe spring 15 on both sides of the annular protrusion 141 of the probe 14; use the adjusting knob 13 to seal the probe spring 15 and the probe 14 into the housing 12, and install and lock the temperature sensor 11, thus completing the assembly of one detection unit. Different detection units are assembled in an array through the wedge groove and tenon structure of the housing 12, as well as the limiting hole and limiting bolt 126, ultimately forming the detection unit array 1.

[0124] The detection unit array 1 is arranged in shape by assembling with the positioning component 2. The positioning component 2 is assembled from 1 to 5 positioning blocks 21. Each positioning block 21 is provided with a coaxial hole 215, a second tenon structure 211, a second limiting hole 212, and an angle adjustment head 23. The second tenon structure 211 and the second limiting hole 212 of the positioning block 21 have the same structural dimensions as the corresponding structure of the detection unit housing 12, so they can cooperate with the detection unit to achieve positioning. The assembly gap between the limiting bolt 126 and the second limiting hole 212 is ≤0.1mm to ensure a tight fit. In this embodiment, the tenon structure can be a dovetail groove, and the corresponding tenon structure can be a dovetail tenon with a shape fit.

[0125] Angle adjustment head 23 is installed in adjustment head mounting hole. Angle adjustment head 23 has internal thread hole, and the angle between positioning blocks 21 can be adjusted by turning adjustment bolt 24.

[0126] The clamping assembly 3 consists of a support frame 31 and a chuck assembly 32. The top of the support frame 31 has a connecting hole that communicates with the coaxial hole 215 of the positioning block 21 and is locked in place by a locking knob 22. This is used to adjust the initial relative position of the shape memory alloy sample 4 and the detection unit, ensuring the stability of sample clamping. The side of the support frame 31 has 2 to 8 internal threaded holes, with the angle between the shafts ranging from 0° to 90°. The chuck assembly 32 consists of a chuck 322 and a screw 321. The screw 321 engages with the internal threaded hole on the side of the support frame 31, and the extension and clamping force of the chuck 322 are adjusted by turning the screw 321.

[0127] The aforementioned detection unit array 1, positioning component 2, and clamping component 3 are assembled to form a shape memory alloy conformal detection device.

[0128] Preferably, the probe 14 is made of alumina ceramic, and the temperature sensor 11 passes through the through hole of the probe 14 and is fixed by a threaded lock at the end of the hole, with an assembly gap of +0.1mm. The hemispherical sensor of the temperature sensor 11 extends outward with a length not less than the hemispherical radius of the probe 14, and is used to obtain the temperature data of the surface of the shape memory alloy sample 4 in contact with it.

[0129] Preferably, the side of the support frame 31 is provided with 4 to 6 internal threaded holes, and the angle between the shafts is 0° to 60°.

[0130] Preferably, the detection units are arranged in a design of external wedge grooves, tenon structure, limiting bolts and limiting holes to form a detection unit array 1 in which the detection units are combined with each other. The coverage area of ​​the detection unit array 1 is ≥ 120% of the test cross section of the shape memory alloy sample 4.

[0131] Preferably, the angle adjustment head 23 of the positioning component 2 has an internal threaded hole, and the included angle between adjacent positioning blocks 21 can be controlled to change within the angle range of 0° to 45° by turning the adjusting bolt 24.

[0132] Preferably, the adjustment knob 13 controls the compression state of the knob spring, thereby controlling the initial extension and retraction state of the probe 14, for testing the deformation of the shape memory alloy towards the probe 14 and the deformation away from the probe 14.

[0133] Preferably, the surface of the chuck 322 that contacts the shape memory alloy sample 4 is fitted with a rubber anti-slip pad 324, the chuck 322 and the screw 321 are connected by a ball head 323, and the angle between the axis of the chuck 322 and the axis of the screw 321 varies from 0° to 160°.

[0134] Based on the successful construction of the shape memory alloy conformal detection device described above, this embodiment further constructs a shape memory alloy sample conformal detection system. The specific construction steps are as follows: determine the number of positioning blocks 21 required for the detection unit and positioning component 2 according to the size of the shape memory alloy sample 4 to be tested, and assemble the detection unit array 1; complete the assembly with the positioning blocks 21, and then assemble it with the assembled clamping component 3, and stably clamp the shape memory alloy sample 4 to be tested through the clamping component 3; use the locking knob 22 to adjust the relative position of the sample and the probe 14, and fix the positioning component 2 and the clamping component 3; then fix the relative position of the heating component 6 and the displacement data acquisition component 7, integrate each module on the same test platform, and complete the test preparation.

[0135] During testing, the shape memory alloy sample 4 is heated using the heating component 6, and the displacement data acquisition component 7 is used to capture the displacement change of the probe 14 position (i.e. the temperature sensor 11 position) of the shape memory alloy sample 4 during the deformation process. The temperature response is obtained through the temperature sensor 11 and recorded synchronously through the data acquisition system.

[0136] Preferably, the heating component 6 is a portable mobile heat source that uses thermal radiation to achieve non-contact heating, with a heat source temperature of 5℃ ≤ 450℃.

[0137] Preferably, the displacement data acquisition component 7 is a point displacement tracking system, specifically including a real-time image acquisition device and an image processing system, used to capture the displacement changes at specific locations of the shape memory alloy sample 4 during deformation. The real-time image acquisition device is a high frame rate industrial camera with an image acquisition speed ≥300 frames / second.

[0138] Preferably, the temperature sensor 11 has a response speed of less than 50ms and is used to acquire the temperature response at each detection location.

[0139] Preferably, the test method for conformal testing of shape memory alloys using this testing system includes the following steps:

[0140] S1: Based on the initial shape (planar shape, curved surface shape) of the shape memory alloy sample 4 to be tested, assemble the detection unit into the required detection unit array 1, and lock it with the positioning component 2 and the clamping component 3.

[0141] The clamping assembly 3 is used to clamp the shape memory alloy sample 4 to be tested, and the relative position of the sample and the detection unit array 1 is adjusted by the locking knob 22.

[0142] S3: Install and start the heating assembly 6 to heat the shape memory alloy sample 4;

[0143] S4: The displacement variables caused by the deformation of the shape memory alloy sample 4 are collected in real time by the displacement data acquisition component 7 (the displacement of the end of the temperature sensor 11 is directly collected, and the displacement variables caused by the deformation are indirectly obtained). Hooke's law F=kx can be used to inversely deduce the stress in the deformation process of the shape memory alloy.

[0144] S5: Temperature changes at designated points on the sample surface are synchronously recorded using an array of temperature sensors 11, and a data correlation is formed corresponding to each detection location. The collected data is used to construct a temperature-deformation correlation map to quantify the deformation and recovery behavior of the shape memory alloy sample 4.

[0145] Example 9:

[0146] In this embodiment, NiTi50 shape memory alloy is used as the sample to be tested, and the shape memory alloy conformal detection system in Example 8 is used to perform conformal detection on the deformation behavior of shape memory alloy sample 4.

[0147] like Figure 9 As shown, the shape memory alloy sample 4 in this embodiment is a double-layered flat plate, with an overall "U" shape. For the sample shape to be tested, the included angle between the positioning blocks 21 in the positioning assembly 2 is first selected to be 0°. Four internal threaded holes (two on each side) are provided on the side of the support frame 31 to ensure that the angle between the axes of the screws 321 is 0°. A chuck assembly 32 is installed on each internal threaded hole for clamping the NiTi50 sample. The chuck assemblies 32 are all internally positioned, meaning the chuck assemblies 32 on both sides are face-to-face. Based on the size of the NiTi50 sample, the number of detection units on one side is determined to be 5×7 (i.e., 5 on the X-axis and 7 on the Y-axis), and the corresponding number of positioning blocks 21 on one side is 5, ensuring that the coverage area of ​​the detection unit array 1 is not less than 120% of the test cross-section of the shape memory alloy sample 4.

[0148] In this embodiment, a dual-sided detection unit array 1 is set up. The shape memory alloy sample 4 to be tested is fixed by the clamping component 3, the relative position of the sample and the probe 14 is adjusted by the locking knob 22, and the positioning component 2 and the clamping component 3 are fixed. Then, the relative position of the planar portable mobile heat source (i.e., the heating component 6) and the point displacement tracking system (i.e., the displacement data acquisition component 7) is fixed, and all modules are integrated into the same test platform to complete the test preparation.

[0149] This device was used to perform conformal shape detection on NiTi50 shape memory alloy sample 4. The specific testing method includes the following steps:

[0150] S1: Based on the initial shape of the shape memory alloy sample 4 to be tested (planar shape in this embodiment), the detection unit is assembled into the required detection unit array 1 and locked with the positioning component 2 and the clamping component 3.

[0151] The clamping assembly 3 is used to clamp the shape memory alloy sample 4 to be tested, and the relative position of the sample and the detection unit array 1 is adjusted by the locking knob 22.

[0152] S2: Install and start heating assembly 6 to heat shape memory alloy sample 4 to 165°C;

[0153] S3: Use the image recording system (i.e. displacement data acquisition component 7) to collect the displacement variables caused by the deformation of the shape memory alloy sample 4 in real time (directly collect the displacement at the end of the temperature sensor 11, and indirectly obtain the displacement variables caused by the deformation of the shape memory alloy sample 4), and record the image data within 1 second.

[0154] S4: Record the data, with the X and Y axes displaying position information and the Z axis showing deformation, forming a one-to-one data association with the detection position, such as... Figure 10 As shown.

[0155] Example 10:

[0156] In this embodiment, NiTi50 shape memory alloy is used as the sample to be tested. The shape memory alloy conformal detection system in Example 8 is used to detect the temperature change of the shape memory alloy sample 4 and to perform conformal detection on the deformation behavior.

[0157] like Figure 11 As shown, the shape memory alloy sample 4 in this embodiment has a curved shape. For the sample shape to be tested, the included angle between the positioning blocks 21 in the positioning assembly 2 is first selected to be 36°. Four internal threaded holes (two on each side) are provided on the side of the support frame 31 to ensure that the angle between the axes of the screws 321 is 45°. Two opposing clamping assemblies 32 are installed for clamping the NiTi50 sample. Based on the size of the NiTi50 sample, the number of single-sided detection units is determined to be 5×7 (i.e., 5 on the X-axis and 7 on the Y-axis), and the corresponding number of single-sided positioning blocks 21 is 5, ensuring that the coverage area of ​​the detection unit array 1 is not less than 130% of the sample test cross-section.

[0158] The conformal testing of NiTi50 shape memory alloy sample 4 was performed using this device. The testing method includes the following steps:

[0159] S1: Based on the shape of the NiTi50 shape memory alloy sample 4 to be tested, assemble the detection unit into the required detection unit array 1 and lock it with the positioning component 2 and the clamping component 3; use the clamping module to clamp the shape memory alloy sample 4 to be tested, and adjust the relative position of the sample and the detection unit array 1 by using the locking knob 22.

[0160] It should be noted that since the shape memory alloy sample 4 in this embodiment is curved, the detection units in each column can be assembled from top to bottom first, and then the included angle between the positioning blocks 21 can be adjusted to 36° to avoid the difficulty in adjusting the angle of the positioning blocks 21 after pre-assembly in the horizontal direction.

[0161] S2: Install and start heating assembly 6 to heat shape memory alloy sample 4 to 150°C;

[0162] S3: Use the image recording system (i.e. displacement data acquisition component 7) to collect the displacement variables caused by the deformation of the shape memory alloy sample 4 in real time, and record the image data within 3 seconds (i.e., the unique variable and data of the corresponding position can be obtained every second to achieve continuous observation);

[0163] The temperature changes at designated points on the surface of the shape memory alloy sample 4 are synchronously recorded by an array of temperature sensors 11, and a data association is formed that corresponds one-to-one with the detection location.

[0164] S4: Record the displacement and temperature change data mentioned above. The collected data is used to construct a correlation map of position-temperature-time and position-deformation-time to quantify the deformation and recovery behavior of shape memory alloy sample 4, forming a data correlation that corresponds one-to-one with the detection position, such as... Figure 12 As shown.

[0165] The above description of the embodiments is provided to enable those skilled in the art to understand and use the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made to these embodiments, and the general principles described herein can be applied to other embodiments without inventive effort. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the scope of the invention should be within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shape memory alloy form following detection device, characterized in that, The detection device comprises a double-sided detection unit array (1), a positioning assembly (2) connected with the detection unit array (1), and a clamping assembly (3) arranged between the two positioning assemblies (2) and capable of clamping the shape memory alloy sample (4); The detection unit array (1) is composed of a plurality of detection units arranged in an array through detachable connection, and each detection unit is telescopically provided with a temperature sensor (11) capable of conforming to the shape memory alloy sample (4) and feeding back temperature and displacement changes; The positioning assembly (2) comprises at least two positioning blocks (21), each of which is connected with the top detection unit and is rotationally connected through the same locking knob (22) to adjust the included angle between the adjacent positioning blocks (21); The clamping assembly (3) comprises a support frame (31) and a plurality of chuck assemblies (32) arranged on the support frame (31) and used for clamping the shape memory alloy sample (4); the two ends of the support frame (31) are connected with the corresponding side positioning assembly (2) through the locking knob (22).

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein The detection unit comprises an outer shell (12), an adjusting knob (13) and a probe (14); The inner part of the outer shell (12) is provided with a hollow chamber (121) which penetrates through the two ends of the outer shell (12) in the length direction; The adjusting knob (13) is threadedly connected with the two ends of the outer shell (12), and the probe (14) penetrates through the through channel formed by the adjusting knob (13) and the outer shell (12) and extends out from the two ends.

3. The device of claim 2, wherein the shape memory alloy is a nitinol wire. The probe (14) is a hollow structure, and the temperature sensor (11) penetrates through the hollow channel of the probe (14) and extends out from the two ends of the probe (14); The part of the probe (14) located in the hollow chamber (121) is provided with a ring-shaped protrusion (141), and the two sides of the ring-shaped protrusion (141) are respectively provided with a probe spring (15) sleeved outside the probe (14); One end of the probe spring (15) abuts against the ring-shaped protrusion (141), and the other end abuts against the side wall of the hollow chamber (121) at the end.

4. The device of claim 2, wherein the shape memory alloy is a shape memory alloy wire. The outer shell (12) is a square tubular structure; The two adjacent sides of the outer shell (12) are provided with a tenon structure (122) along the length direction, and the remaining two sides of the outer shell (12) are provided with a first mortise and tenon structure (123) capable of cooperating with the tenon structure (122) in shape; the middle part of the tenon structure (122) is provided with a limiting bolt fixing hole (124), and the limiting bolt (126) is connected through the limiting spring (125) in the limiting bolt fixing hole (124); the middle part of the mortise and tenon structure (123) is provided with a first limiting hole (127) capable of positioning with the limiting bolt (126); The bottom of the positioning block (21) is provided with a second mortise and tenon structure (211) capable of cooperating with the tenon structure (121) of the outer shell (12) in shape, and a second limiting hole (212) capable of positioning with the limiting bolt (125) of the outer shell (12); The detection units are connected with the first tenon groove structures (122) and the first limiting holes (127) of the adjacent detection units through the tenon structures (121) and the limiting pins (125) respectively, and the top detection unit is connected with the second tenon groove structures (211) and the second limiting holes (212) of the positioning blocks (21) through the tenon structures (122) and the limiting pins (126) respectively.

5. The device of claim 1, wherein the device is a shape memory alloy form- following device. The positioning blocks (21) each comprise an integral rotating connecting part (213) and a positioning part (214), the rotating connecting part (213) is provided with a coaxial hole (215) capable of being assembled with the locking knob (22), and the top surfaces of the rotating connecting parts (213) are continuously staggered in height, so that the top surfaces of the positioning parts (214) are horizontally flush. The positioning part (214) of the positioning block (21) is rotatably assembled with two angle adjusting heads (23), each angle adjusting head (23) is connected with one of the angle adjusting heads (23) of the adjacent positioning block (21) through an adjusting bolt (24), and is used for adjusting the included angle between the adjacent positioning blocks (21) to be within 0-60°.

6. The device of claim 1, wherein the device is a shape memory alloy form- following device. The support frame (31) comprises a group of parallel side plates (311) and a horizontal plate (312) connected to the top of the two side plates (311), and an ear plate (313) is provided on one end of the horizontal plate (312) extending outward towards the detection unit array (1), and the ear plate (313) is provided with a mounting hole (314) capable of being threadedly connected with the locking knob (22). The chuck assembly (32) comprises a screw rod (321) threadedly connected with the side surface of the support frame (31) and a chuck (322) provided at the end of the screw rod (321), the screw rod (321) and the chuck (322) are movably connected through a ball head (323), and one side of the chuck (322) in contact with the shape memory alloy sample (4) is provided with an anti-skid pad (324).

7. A shape memory alloy form following detection system, characterized in that, The detection system comprises the shape memory alloy contour detection device according to any one of claims 1-6, and further comprises: a support frame (5) for bearing the shape memory alloy contour detection device; a heating assembly (6) provided on the support frame (5) and used for non-contact heating of the shape memory alloy sample (4); a displacement data acquisition assembly (7) provided on the support frame (5) and opposite to the end of the temperature sensor (11), and used for acquiring displacement changes of the end of the temperature sensor (11).

8. A shape memory alloy form detection system according to claim 7, wherein, The support frame (5) is composed of a plurality of horizontal support rods (51) and vertical support rods (52), and a height adjusting rod (53) is connected between the two vertical support rods (52) on each side of the contour detection device; The clamping assembly (3) of the contour detection device is connected with the horizontal support rod (51) on the top of the support frame (5) through the locking knob (22); The displacement data acquisition assembly (7) is provided on the height adjusting rod (53).

9. A shape memory alloy form detection system according to claim 7, wherein, The displacement data acquisition assembly (7) is a high-definition camera, and all the temperature sensors (11) of the detection unit array (1) are located within the acquisition range of the high-definition camera.

10. A method for detecting the conformal shape of shape memory alloys, characterized in that, The shape memory alloy contour detection system according to claim 8 is used. The detection method comprises the following steps: S1: Assembling the detection unit array (1) according to the initial shape of the shape memory alloy sample (4), adjusting the positioning assembly (2) and the clamping assembly (3), and making each temperature sensor (11) conform to the shape of the shape memory alloy sample (4); S2: Starting the heating assembly (6) to heat the shape memory alloy sample (4); S3: In the heating deformation process, the temperature change of the corresponding detection position is collected by the temperature sensor (11), the displacement change of the end of each temperature sensor (11) is collected by the displacement data collection assembly (7), and the shape memory alloy sample (4) is detected conforming to the shape; S4: According to the temperature and displacement data obtained in S3, the data association corresponding to the detection position is finally formed.

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