A greenhouse environment soil parameter monitoring simulation system

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of soil parameter monitoring system, and particularly relates to a greenhouse environment soil parameter monitoring simulation system, which comprises an environment simulation module, a soil column, a drilling module, a sensor array, a leakage monitoring module and a central controller. The environment simulation module is configured with a spectrum-adjustable light source, a temperature and humidity sharing PID controller, a fogging-pressurizing dual-mode spray head and a double-layer gauze to reproduce real temperature, light and rainfall conditions; the transparent soil column module is made of transparent material and is provided with a waterproof drainage plate and a sealing connecting ring to facilitate observation and leakage prevention; the drilling module is integrated with drilling and backfilling by using a reversible motor to reduce soil disturbance; the sensor array synchronously monitors multiple soil parameters in situ; the leakage module measures leakage in real time and cuts off rainfall when the leakage exceeds a threshold; and the central controller cooperates with each module to automatically operate. The system solves the problems of environment distortion, large disturbance and data fragmentation in the prior art and is suitable for researches on soil erosion, solute migration and root behavior observation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of soil parameter monitoring system technology, and in particular to a greenhouse environment soil parameter monitoring simulation system. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of agricultural scientific research, greenhouse environment simulation and soil parameter monitoring systems and soil column experimental devices are core equipment for carrying out research on soil erosion mechanisms, analysis of solute migration patterns, observation of plant root behavior, and research on soil moisture transport. However, their existing technical solutions still have many shortcomings and are difficult to meet the experimental requirements of high precision and low disturbance.

[0003] Existing greenhouse environment simulation devices mostly employ a single light source and a simple spray rainfall structure, which cannot accurately reproduce the characteristics of natural light and rainfall. Furthermore, the temperature and humidity control modules operate separately, which can easily lead to significant deviations between the simulated environment and natural conditions. In the soil parameter monitoring stage, sensors are often deployed in a dispersed manner with inconsistent interfaces, making it difficult to simultaneously acquire multi-dimensional parameters of soil at different depths. At the same time, traditional drilling sampling and manual backfilling methods can easily damage the original soil structure, further disrupting the data chain. In the seepage measurement stage, it is difficult to quickly respond to short-term surges in seepage, affecting data accuracy.

[0004] Soil column devices used for soil research also have shortcomings. Their drainage structure is prone to leakage and data distortion due to soil particle blockage. The sealing design at the extension connection of the soil column is not perfect, which can easily lead to water leakage and affect the monitoring accuracy. In addition, during the water holding curve measurement process, water is prone to accumulate at the bottom during the drying stage, which causes the suction to return to zero lag and destroys the accuracy of the measurement of the relationship between stratified moisture content and suction.

[0005] In summary, existing greenhouse environment simulation and soil parameter monitoring devices and soil column devices have bottlenecks in terms of environmental simulation fidelity, synchronous parameter monitoring capability, leakage measurement reliability, and structural stability. They cannot achieve compatibility between full-chain collaborative control and low-disturbance monitoring. There is an urgent need to develop related systems with high integration, high precision, and low disturbance to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the technical challenge of developing a highly integrated, high-precision, and low-disturbance greenhouse environment simulation and soil parameter monitoring device, this invention provides a greenhouse environment soil parameter monitoring simulation system, comprising an environment simulation module, a transparent soil column module, a drilling module, a sensor array, a leakage monitoring module, and a central controller.

[0007] The environmental simulation module includes a temperature and light control unit and a simulated rainfall unit; the temperature and light control unit includes a spectrally adjustable light source and a temperature and humidity shared PID controller; the simulated rainfall unit includes a Marshall bottle, a distribution tube, and a sprinkler head;

[0008] The transparent soil column module includes a column body and a drainage board. The side wall of the column body is provided with several modular external connecting rings, and the drainage board is located at the bottom of the column body.

[0009] The drilling module is a soil drilling and backfilling device;

[0010] The sensor array includes several nanoprobes embedded in the inner wall of the column.

[0011] The leakage monitoring module is located below the drainage board and includes a water collector and a weighing component;

[0012] The central controller is electrically connected to the environmental simulation module, the soil drilling and backfilling device, the sensor array, and the leakage monitoring module, respectively, and controls the coordinated operation of each module.

[0013] In one embodiment, the nozzle is an atomizing-pressurizing dual-mode nozzle.

[0014] In one embodiment, the simulated rainfall unit further includes a double-layered mesh covering the area below the nozzle;

[0015] The double-layer mesh is made of 304 stainless steel and includes an upper mesh and a lower mesh. The upper mesh has an aperture of 1 mm and the lower mesh has an aperture of 3 mm.

[0016] In one embodiment, the column is made of transparent plexiglass.

[0017] In one embodiment, the central area of ​​the drainage board is provided with a star-shaped hole array, which consists of 8 radial ridges, and each radial ridge has at least 3 drainage holes evenly distributed on it.

[0018] In one embodiment, the transparent soil column module further includes a base disposed below the drainage board and detachably connected to the drainage board by fasteners;

[0019] The base has a cross-shaped perforation in the central area, which is offset from the cross-shaped openwork on the drainage plate.

[0020] In one embodiment, the soil drilling and backfilling device includes a drive assembly, a multi-functional coupling, a drilling assembly, and a sample chamber;

[0021] The drive assembly includes a motor, a drive shaft, a drive pulley, and a belt; one end of the drive shaft extends out of the lower end face of the motor, passes through the center of the drive pulley, and is assembled with it; the belt is disposed in a belt groove on the surface of the drive pulley.

[0022] The motor is a reversible motor;

[0023] The main body of the multi-functional coupling is a cylindrical structure with a belt groove on the outer wall, which is assembled with the belt to realize driven transmission.

[0024] The multifunctional coupling includes a first cavity at the bottom and a second cavity at the top, with a partition between the first cavity and the second cavity; the partition has a first feed port that connects the first cavity and the second cavity.

[0025] The drilling assembly includes a hollow drill pipe, a transmission screw, and a drill bit;

[0026] The hollow drill rod is located at the bottom of the first cavity, with drilling threads on the outer wall and the conveying screw inside;

[0027] The conveying screw includes a screw shaft and a conveying thread; the top end of the screw shaft extends into the first cavity and is fixedly connected to the partition, and the bottom end is provided with the drill bit; the top end of the conveying thread is aligned and fitted with the first feed port;

[0028] The bottom of the sample chamber is provided with a second material inlet, which is used in conjunction with the first material inlet to realize the feeding of materials during drilling and sampling or the discharge of materials during backfilling of soil samples.

[0029] Furthermore, the sample chamber is a sandwich cylindrical structure, including an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder, and a movable bottom cover;

[0030] The outer cylinder and the inner cylinder sidewalls form a sidewall interlayer, and the bottom surface of the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder form a bottom surface interlayer, and the sidewall interlayer and the bottom surface interlayer are interconnected;

[0031] The outer cylinder sidewall is provided with adjustment openings distributed along an arc, connecting the sidewall interlayer with the external space;

[0032] The movable bottom cover includes a cover plate, a linkage component, and a toggle component;

[0033] The cover plate is a flat plate structure whose shape is adapted to the second feed port, and is disposed in the bottom interlayer, and is connected to the bottom end of the linkage at the periphery;

[0034] One end of the actuating element extends into the side wall interlayer and is connected to the linkage element, while the other end extends out of the adjustment opening and enters the external space.

[0035] The first feed inlet, the second feed inlet, and the cover plate are all fan-shaped structures, and the central angle of the fan-shaped center of the first feed inlet and the second feed inlet is 60°~120°, while the central angle of the fan-shaped center of the cover plate is 70°~140°.

[0036] Furthermore, it also includes a work platform, which includes a mounting plate, a telescopic pole, and a supporting base plate;

[0037] The mounting plate is provided with several through holes, and the drive assembly and multi-functional coupling are installed on the upper and lower sides of the mounting plate through the through holes.

[0038] The support base plate is connected to the mounting plate via the telescopic rod, and includes a main support plate and a secondary support plate; the main support plate has a through hole in the middle for the drilling assembly to pass through for operation; the secondary support plate is located on the side away from the working end to balance the working platform.

[0039] Furthermore, the work platform also includes an anchoring element located at the bottom of the main support plate;

[0040] The anchoring component includes an installation plate and several anchor feet, which can be inserted into the soil to anchor the working area.

[0041] In summary, compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0042] The greenhouse environment soil parameter monitoring and simulation system provided by this invention integrates environmental simulation, soil column bearing capacity, drilling and sampling, parameter monitoring and leakage measurement functions, and overcomes the technical bottlenecks of existing greenhouse environment simulation and soil parameter monitoring devices in terms of environmental simulation fidelity, parameter synchronous monitoring capability, leakage measurement reliability and structural stability.

[0043] Specifically, the system uses a spectrally adjustable light source to match the natural spectrum, coupled with a temperature and humidity shared PID controller to significantly reduce temperature and humidity fluctuations. The simulated rainfall unit uses a Marshall bottle to stabilize water pressure, and the atomizing-pressurizing dual-mode nozzle, combined with a 304 stainless steel double-layer mesh, ensures that the raindrop particle size is consistent with natural rainfall, solving the distortion problem of traditional rainfall. The matching soil column uses a high-transmittance material to facilitate observation of the internal dynamics of the soil. The modular connecting ring forms a triple seal to prevent water leakage through bolts, rubber gaskets, and silicone grease. The bottom cross-shaped perforated drainage plate disperses the seepage water pressure and is equipped with a removable filter screen to prevent clogging. The misaligned perforated base further intercepts soil particles and facilitates cleaning and maintenance.

[0044] The drilling section uses a single power source of a forward and reverse motor. Drilling and backfilling can be achieved simply by switching the direction of rotation, without the need for additional power or relocation. The multi-functional coupling and the transparent sandwich sample chamber work together to achieve precise soil sample delivery. The movable bottom cover prevents soil sample loss. The telescopic rod of the working platform is adapted to different soil column heights. The anchoring parts resist the drilling reaction force. The main and auxiliary support plates balance the eccentric force, reduce soil disturbance, and solve the problem of large density error in traditional manual backfilling.

[0045] The nanoprobes in the sensor array are embedded in the sealed interface of the soil column and collect soil pH, EC value and reactive oxygen concentration synchronously via bus to achieve in-situ monitoring of reactive oxygen, eliminating the need for offline sampling and avoiding soil disturbance; leakage monitoring uses a water collector with a filter to prevent clogging, and a high-precision weighing component to transmit data in real time. When leakage exceeds the threshold, the power supply to the rainfall source is automatically cut off, and the response speed is far superior to that of traditional volumetric measuring cylinders, improving data accuracy.

[0046] The central controller coordinates with various modules to automatically control environmental rhythms, rainfall patterns, drilling backfilling, and data storage without human intervention, reducing human error. It achieves full-chain coordinated control of environmental input, soil response, and leakage output, solving the problems of low integration and low efficiency in existing systems. Attached Figure Description

[0047] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0048] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the greenhouse environment soil parameter monitoring and simulation system provided by the present invention;

[0049] Figure 2 Right view of the greenhouse environment soil parameter monitoring and simulation system provided by the present invention;

[0050] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the right-hand cross-section AA of the greenhouse environment soil parameter monitoring simulation system provided by the present invention.

[0051] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the soil drilling and backfilling device provided by the present invention;

[0052] Figure 5 Exploded view of the soil drilling and backfilling device provided by the present invention;

[0053] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the operating platform structure provided by the present invention;

[0054] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the multifunctional coupling provided by the present invention.

[0055] Figure 8 Left view of the soil drilling and backfilling device provided by the present invention;

[0056] Figure 9A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of section BB, left view, of the soil drilling and backfilling device provided by the present invention;

[0057] Figure 10 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the sample chamber provided by the present invention.

[0058] Figure label:

[0059] 10-Temperature and light control unit; 20-Simulated rainfall unit; 21-Madrick flask; 22-Distribution pipe; 23-Sprinkler head; 24-Double-layer mesh; 31-Column; 32-Drainage board; 33-Modular external connecting ring; 34-Base; 40-Soil drilling and backfilling device; 51-Nano probe; 61-Water collector; 62-Weighing assembly; 100-Drive assembly; 110-Motor; 120-Drive shaft; 130-Drive wheel; 140-Belt; 200-Multifunctional coupling; 210-First cavity; 220-Second cavity; 221-Pin groove; 230-Separator; 231-First feed port; 300-Drilling assembly 310-Hollow drill rod; 311-Drilling thread; 320-Transfer screw; 321-Screw shaft; 322-Transfer thread; 330-Drill bit; 400-Sample chamber; 410-Second feed port; 420-Outer cylinder; 421-Adjusting opening; 422-Pin; 430-Inner cylinder; 440-Modible bottom cover; 441-Cover plate; 442-Linking component; 443-Actuating component; 450-Top cover; 500-Working platform; 510-Mounting plate; 520-Telescopic rod; 530-Supporting base plate; 531-Main support plate; 532-Secondary support plate; 540-Anchoring component; 541-Mounting disc; 542-Anchor foot. Detailed Implementation

[0060] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0061] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," "outer," "middle," "bottom," "top," "side," "end," "circumference," "above," "below," "inner side," "outer side," "middle part," "bottom," "top," "side wall," "top end," "periphery," "around," "one side," and "center," etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "main," and "subsidiary" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0062] This invention provides a greenhouse environment soil parameter monitoring simulation system, including an environmental simulation module, a transparent soil column module, a drilling module, a sensor array, a seepage monitoring module, and a central controller, to simulate soil moisture transport, solute migration, and root response monitoring experiments after a rainstorm in farmland.

[0063] The environmental simulation module is fixed above the transparent soil column module by a bracket to ensure that light and rainfall can act evenly on the soil inside the column. The transparent soil column module is placed vertically on the experimental platform, with its bottom precisely connected to the leakage monitoring module to avoid leakage loss. The drilling module's working platform is straddling the side of the transparent soil column module, and the height of the telescopic rod is adjusted so that the drilling components can be vertically aligned with the center area of ​​the soil column to prevent drilling deviation. The sensor array is pre-embedded in the pre-set annular interface on the inner wall of the transparent soil column module. All modules are electrically connected to the central controller through shielded cables to achieve coordinated control of command transmission and data interaction.

[0064] Specifically, the environmental simulation module includes a temperature and light control unit 10 and a simulated rainfall unit 20, which reproduce the light, temperature, humidity and rainfall conditions in the natural environment.

[0065] In the superior temperature and light control unit 10, the spectrally adjustable light source adopts an integrated LED module. The ratio of red and blue light and the changes in day and night light intensity can be adjusted through the central controller. Compared with the traditional single white LED, it can more accurately match the natural spectrum and ensure the authenticity of the simulation of soil microbial activity and plant photosynthesis. The temperature and humidity shared PID controller integrates a semiconductor cooling module, an ultrasonic humidification module and a copper heat exchanger. The waste heat generated by the cooling module is transferred to the outlet of the humidification module through the heat exchanger to compensate for the sudden drop in temperature during the humidification process. In actual operation, the temperature and humidity fluctuations can be stably controlled within a small range to avoid sudden changes in temperature and humidity from interfering with the soil moisture transport pattern.

[0066] In the simulated rainfall unit 20, the Marsh bottle 21 provides stable water pressure through the siphon principle to prevent fluctuations in rainfall intensity; the distribution pipe 22 has water outlet holes evenly opened on its wall to distribute the water flow evenly to multiple nozzles 23, ensuring that the rainfall covers the top surface of the soil column without dead corners; the nozzles 23 are atomizing-pressurizing dual-mode nozzles, which can simulate drizzle and moderate to heavy rain respectively. With the double-layer mesh 24 of 304 stainless steel covering the nozzles 23, the water droplets are broken up and evenly distributed, and finally the raindrop particle size distribution is consistent with natural rainfall, solving the problem of rainfall distortion in traditional simple spray devices and providing real rainfall conditions for soil moisture infiltration experiments.

[0067] The transparent soil column module includes a column 31, a drainage board 32, a modular outer connecting ring 33, and a base 34, and is responsible for soil layering, water infiltration, and structural observation.

[0068] The column 31 is made of high-transmittance acrylic glass, facilitating direct observation of soil internal fissure development, root growth, and water transport during experiments. This allows for direct observation of phenomena without disassembling the soil column, reducing experimental interruptions and data deviations. The modular outer connecting ring 33 is made of engineering plastic with evenly spaced threaded holes. Multiple column sections 31 can be flexibly connected via bolts, allowing adjustment of the total soil column height according to experimental needs. During connection, aging-resistant rubber gaskets are added, and silicone grease is applied to create a triple seal, minimizing leakage and addressing the insufficient sealing at traditional cascaded soil column connections. To address the leakage problem, the drainage board 32 is located at the bottom of the column 31, with a star-shaped perforation array in the central area to disperse the soil seepage water pressure. Even better, a removable nylon filter screen covers the perforation array, preventing leakage data distortion caused by soil particle blockage in traditional integrated drainage boards. The base 34 is located below the drainage board 32 and is detachably connected to it via bolts. Its central area also features a star-shaped perforation array, which is staggered with the perforation array on the drainage board 32 to further intercept soil particles and prevent blockage. This also facilitates disassembly and cleaning after experiments, reducing maintenance difficulty.

[0069] The drilling module, namely the soil drilling and backfilling device 40, is crucial for achieving in-situ soil sampling and backfilling, avoiding disturbance to the soil structure caused by manual operation. Figure 4 , 5 As shown, it includes a drive assembly 100, a multi-functional coupling 200, a drilling assembly 300, a sample chamber 400, and a work platform 500.

[0070] Specifically, such as Figure 6As shown, the working platform 500 includes a mounting plate 510, a telescopic rod 520, a support base plate 530, and an anchoring component 540. The mounting plate 510 is made of steel plate, and its surface has through holes that are adapted to the outer diameter of the drive assembly 100 and the multi-functional coupling 200 to ensure coaxiality during subsequent assembly. The support base plate 530 is connected to the mounting plate 510 via the telescopic rod 520, which is adjustable in length to adjust the position of the mounting plate 510 according to experimental needs. The support base plate 530 includes a main support plate 531 and a secondary support plate 532. The main support plate 531 has a through hole in the middle for the drilling assembly 300 to pass through. The secondary support plate 532 is located on the side away from the drilling end to balance the eccentric force of the drive assembly 100 on the mounting plate 510. The anchoring component 540 is assembled at the bottom of the main support plate 531 and consists of a mounting plate 541 and several anchor feet 542. The anchor feet 542 can be inserted into the soil for fixation.

[0071] Before operation, the anchor foot 542 is inserted into the soil of the target operation area. The anchoring part 540 resists the drilling reaction force through the connection between the anchor foot 542 and the soil, preventing the device from shifting. During operation, the length of the telescopic rod 520 can be adjusted according to the sampling depth requirements to match the drilling depth of the drill bit 330. At the same time, the auxiliary support plate 532 balances the eccentric force applied by the drive component 100, preventing the device from tilting. This solves the drilling offset problem of traditional devices, reduces disturbance to the surrounding soil, and lowers the operational complexity of traditional devices that require multiple people to adjust the height.

[0072] The drive assembly 100 includes a motor 110, a drive shaft 120, a drive pulley 130, and a belt 140. The motor 110 is a reversible motor and is fixed to the upper side of the mounting plate 510 by bolts. One end of the drive shaft 120 extends out of the lower end face of the motor 110, passes through the center of the drive pulley 130, and is fixedly connected to the drive pulley 130. The surface of the drive pulley 130 has two belt grooves. Correspondingly, the outer wall of the multi-functional coupling 200 also has two belt grooves. The belt 140 is fitted between the drive pulley 130 and the belt grooves of the multi-functional coupling 200 to form a driven transmission structure.

[0073] During operation, the motor 110 has forward and reverse rotation functions; when rotating forward, the power is transmitted to the drive wheel 130 via the drive shaft 120, and then to the multi-functional coupling 200 via the belt 140, providing cutting power to the drilling assembly 300; when rotating in reverse, the power transmission direction remains unchanged but the direction is reversed, driving the drilling assembly 300 to perform backfilling operations.

[0074] This working logic eliminates the need for an additional reverse power source. The switching between drilling and backfilling modes can be achieved through a single motor 110, simplifying the power system structure of the device and avoiding the cumbersome operation of relocation and switching required by traditional devices due to the separation of drilling and backfilling power, thus improving work efficiency. At the same time, the multi-groove design reduces the slippage and loss of force of the belt 140, ensuring stable power transmission and providing a guarantee for subsequent precise speed control.

[0075] like Figure 7 As shown, the multi-functional coupling 200 is the core connecting the drive assembly 100 and the drilling assembly 300. The main body is a cylindrical structure, and the belt groove on the outer wall cooperates with the belt 140 of the drive assembly 100 to receive the power transmitted by the drive wheel 130. Its interior is divided into a lower first cavity 210 and an upper second cavity 220 along the axial direction. The two cavities are separated by a partition 230. The partition 230 has a fan-shaped first feed port 231, which can connect the first cavity 210 and the second cavity 220.

[0076] Even better, the inner wall of the second cavity 220 is provided with a pin groove 221, which can be matched with the pin 422 on the outer wall of the sample chamber 400 to realize the quick assembly and disassembly of the sample chamber 400.

[0077] like Figure 8 , 9 As shown, the drilling assembly 300 includes a hollow drill rod 310, a transmission screw 320, and a drill bit 330. The top end of the hollow drill rod 310 is fixed to the bottom end of the first cavity 210, and the outer wall is engraved with drilling threads 311. The transmission screw 320 is coaxially nested inside. The transmission screw 320 includes a screw shaft 321 and a transmission thread 322. The top end of the screw shaft 321 extends into the first cavity 210 and is fixedly connected to the partition 230. The top end of the transmission thread 322 is aligned with the first feed port 231. The drill bit 330 is fixed to the bottom end of the transmission screw 320 through a slot. It can be selected with a cross-shaped cutting edge or a straight cutting edge according to the soil type. The cutting material is cemented carbide.

[0078] During operation, the power transmitted by the multi-functional coupling 200 drives the hollow drill rod 310 and the transmission screw 320 to rotate synchronously, and the drill bit 330 cuts into the soil as the drill rod rotates. The drilling threads 311 on the outer wall of the hollow drill rod 310 enhance the meshing between the drill rod and the soil, preventing the drill rod from deviating during cutting. The cut soil sample is pushed to the first cavity 210 by the transmission thread 322, and then enters the second cavity 220 through the first material port 231, and finally falls into the sample chamber 400. During backfilling, the soil sample in the sample chamber 400 falls back to the first cavity 210 through the first material port 231, and is then pushed to the borehole by the transmission screw 320. The assembly and disassembly of the sample chamber 400 can be quickly completed through the cooperation of the pin 422 and the pin groove 221, which facilitates the analysis of soil samples after sampling.

[0079] like Figure 10As shown, the sample chamber 400 is a sandwich cylindrical structure, including an outer cylinder 420, an inner cylinder 430, a movable bottom cover 440, and a top cover 450. Both the outer cylinder 420 and the inner cylinder 430 are made of transparent material, forming a side wall sandwich and a bottom sandwich between them, and the sandwiches are interconnected. The outer wall of the outer cylinder 420 is provided with a pin 422, which can be matched with the pin groove 221 of the multi-functional coupling 200. An adjustment opening 421 is opened on the side wall of the outer cylinder 420. The movable bottom cover 440 includes a cover plate 441, a linkage 442, and a toggle 443. The cover plate 441 is located in the bottom sandwich and is adapted to the fan-shaped second material port 410 at the bottom of the sample chamber 400. The linkage 442 connects the cover plate 441 and the toggle 443, and one end of the toggle 443 extends out of the adjustment opening 421.

[0080] In addition, the bottom of the sample chamber 400 can also integrate a weighing sensor and a moisture content sensor to record soil sample quality and moisture content information in real time, and can transmit the data to the controller via Bluetooth module to improve work efficiency and targeting.

[0081] During drilling and sampling, the movable bottom cover 440 is opened, connecting the second feed port 410 with the first feed port 231. The soil sample enters the sample chamber 400 through the second feed port 410. The transparent outer cylinder 420 and inner cylinder 430 allow operators to easily observe the amount of soil sample collected, and it is possible to determine whether the sampling is complete without disassembly. Once the sampling is complete, the actuator 443 is moved to close the movable bottom cover 440. At this time, the cover plate 441 covers and seals the second feed port 410 to prevent soil sample from spilling.

[0082] During backfilling, the external actuator 443 is activated, which drives the cover plate 441 to move via the linkage 442, opening the second material port 410 and causing the soil sample to fall back into the second cavity 220 of the multi-functional coupling 200. The motor 110 reverses, and the transmission screw 320 reverses, thus carrying out soil backfilling.

[0083] The sensor array includes several nanoprobes 51, which are embedded in a pre-set annular interface on the inner wall of the column 31. The interface is sealed with frosted glass threads to prevent soil moisture leakage from affecting the detection accuracy. All nanoprobes 51 are connected to the central controller via an RS485 bus to synchronously collect soil pH, EC and reactive oxygen species concentrations. The timing error is extremely small, which solves the problems of traditional sensors being distributed and data being fragmented. At the same time, it realizes in-situ real-time monitoring of reactive oxygen species without the need for offline sampling, ensuring that the data truly reflects the changes in soil internal parameters.

[0084] The leakage monitoring module is located below the drainage plate 32 and includes a water collector 61 and a weighing component 62. The water collector 61 is made of transparent plastic and covered with a stainless steel filter screen on top to intercept soil particles and prevent clogging. The weighing component 62 is a high-precision electronic balance. The water collector 61 is placed on the balance tray. The balance is connected to the central controller through an interface to transmit the weight data of the leakage liquid in real time and convert it into the leakage rate. When the leakage rate exceeds the preset threshold, the central controller directly cuts off the power supply to the simulated rainfall unit 20 to prevent solute diffusion and contamination. The response time is much better than that of traditional volumetric measuring cylinders, ensuring the integrity of leakage data and experimental safety.

[0085] The central controller, acting as the control hub, uses an STM32F407 main control chip and communicates with each module via the Modbus protocol: it sets the parameters of the temperature and light control unit 10 to achieve automatic switching of day and night environmental rhythms; it controls the nozzle mode and rainfall duration of the simulated rainfall unit 20 to simulate rainfall of different intensities; it receives and stores data from the sensor array and seepage monitoring module to an SD card, supporting export and analysis after the experiment; and it controls the motor action of the soil drilling and backfilling device 40 to automate drilling, sampling, and backfilling without manual intervention, thereby improving experimental efficiency and reducing human error.

[0086] The method of using the greenhouse environment soil parameter monitoring simulation system provided by this invention is as follows: First, assemble the device. According to the experimental requirements, connect the corresponding number of columns 31 through the modular external connecting ring 33. Embed nano probes 51 in the inner wall of the column 31 and seal the interface. Install the drainage board 32 at the bottom of the column 31, add rubber gaskets, and connect the base 34. Then, move the leakage monitoring module to the bottom of the column 31, directly opposite the drainage holes of the cross-shaped drainage board 32. Next, fill the soil and set the environment. Fill the column 31 with soil in layers. Then, set the temperature, light, and rainfall parameters through the central controller, start the system, and simulate rainfall according to the settings. The controller receives and stores the monitoring data in real time. After the rainfall ends for a period of time, use the drilling module to obtain soil samples. Specifically, first insert the anchor foot 542 of the anchoring part 540 into the soil around the soil column. Adjust the starting height of the installation plate 510 through the telescopic rod 520. Then insert the pin 422 of the sample chamber 400 into the pin groove 221 of the multi-functional coupling 200. Assemble the assembly and open the movable bottom cover 440; start the motor 110 to rotate forward, and the power is transmitted to the multi-functional coupling 200 through the drive shaft 120, drive wheel 130, and belt 140, driving the hollow drill rod 310 and the conveying screw 320 to rotate synchronously forward. The drill bit 330 cuts into the soil, and the soil sample is conveyed upward along the inner wall of the hollow drill rod 310 by the conveying screw 320, and enters the sample chamber 400 through the first feed port 231 and the second feed port 410 until the amount of soil sample in the sample chamber 400 meets the requirements, then turn off the motor 110. 10. Close the movable bottom cover 440 and remove the sample storage chamber. If backfilling is required, start the motor 110 to reverse, which will drive the conveying screw 320 to reverse. At the same time, move the actuating part 443 of the sample chamber 400 containing the backfill soil sample, so that the cover plate 441 opens the second material port 410. The backfill soil sample in the sample chamber 400 falls into the hollow drill rod 310 through the second material port 410 and the first material port 231. It is then pushed downward into the drill hole by the conveying screw 320. After the backfilling is completed, turn off the motor 110 and disassemble the sample chamber 400.

[0087] Although this article extensively uses components such as outer cylinder, inner cylinder, hollow drill rod, transmission screw, drive wheel, multi-functional coupling, modular external connecting ring, star-shaped hole array, radial ridge, partition, anchoring component, mounting plate, anchor foot, main support plate, secondary support plate, cover plate component, linkage component, actuating component, fan-shaped center angle, hole diameter, drainage hole, through hole, belt groove, pin groove, ring interface, 304 stainless steel, transparent plexiglass, engineering plastic, aging-resistant rubber gasket, silicone grease, nylon filter screen, steel plate, hard alloy, transparent plastic, frosted glass, spectrally adjustable light source, temperature and humidity shared PID controller, atomization-boosting dual... The terminology used includes terms such as nozzle, Martens bottle, distribution tube, forward and reverse motor, nanoprobe, high-precision weighing component, semiconductor refrigeration module, ultrasonic humidification module, copper heat exchanger, siphon tube, detachable connection, bolt connection, sealed assembly, nesting, slot fixing, pin matching, synchronous rotation, forward and reverse switching, integrated drilling and backfilling, in-situ monitoring, offline sampling, layered filling, precise conveying, secondary crushing, heat exchange, shielded cable connection, threaded seal, filter interception, water pressure stabilization, red and blue light ratio adjustment, day and night light intensity adjustment, belt drive, screw transmission, etc., but the possibility of using other terms is not excluded. The use of these terms is merely for the convenience of describing and explaining the essence of the invention; interpreting them as any additional limitation would contradict the spirit of the invention.

[0088] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A greenhouse environment soil parameter monitoring and simulation system, characterized in that: It includes an environmental simulation module, a transparent soil column module, a drilling module, a sensor array, a leakage monitoring module, and a central controller; The environmental simulation module includes a temperature and light control unit (10) and a simulated rainfall unit (20); the temperature and light control unit includes a spectrally adjustable light source and a temperature and humidity shared PID controller; the simulated rainfall unit includes a Marshall bottle (21), a distribution tube (22), and a nozzle (23). The transparent soil column module includes a column (31) and a drainage board (32). The column (31) is made of high-transparency organic glass and has several modular external connecting rings (33) on its side wall. The modular connecting rings (33) form a triple seal to prevent water leakage through bolts, rubber gaskets and silicone grease. The drainage board (32) is located at the bottom of the column (31). The drilling module is a soil drilling and backfilling device (40). The sensor array includes several nanoprobes (51) embedded in the inner wall of the column (31); The leakage monitoring module is located below the drainage board (32) and includes a water collector (61) and a weighing component (62). The central controller is electrically connected to the environmental simulation module, the soil drilling and backfilling device, the sensor array, and the seepage monitoring module, respectively, and controls the coordinated operation of each module. The soil drilling and backfilling device (40) includes a drive assembly (100), a multi-functional coupling (200), a drilling assembly (300), and a sample chamber (400). The drive assembly (100) includes a motor (110), a drive shaft (120), a drive pulley (130), and a belt (140); one end of the drive shaft (120) extends out of the lower end face of the motor (110), passes through the center of the drive pulley (130), and is assembled with it; the belt (140) is disposed in the belt groove on the surface of the drive pulley (130); The motor (110) is a reversible motor; The multi-functional coupling (200) has a cylindrical structure and a belt groove on its outer wall. It is assembled with the belt (140) to achieve driven transmission. The multifunctional coupling (200) includes a first cavity (210) located at the lower part and a second cavity (220) located at the upper part, with a partition (230) between the first cavity (210) and the second cavity (220); the partition (230) is provided with a first feed port (231) that connects the first cavity (210) and the second cavity (220). The drilling assembly (300) includes a hollow drill rod (310), a transmission screw (320), and a drill bit (330). The hollow drill rod (310) is located at the bottom of the first cavity (210), with drilling threads (311) on the outer wall and the transmission screw (320) inside. The conveying screw (320) includes a screw shaft (321) and a conveying thread (322); the top end of the screw shaft (321) extends into the first cavity (210) and is fixedly connected to the partition (230), and the bottom end is provided with the drill bit (330); the top end of the conveying thread (322) is aligned and fitted with the first feed port (231); The sample chamber (400) is provided with a second material inlet (410) at the bottom, which is used to cooperate with the first material inlet (231) to realize the feeding of materials during drilling and sampling or the discharge of materials during backfilling of soil samples; The sample chamber (400) is a sandwich cylindrical structure, including an outer cylinder (420), an inner cylinder (430), and a movable bottom cover (440). The outer cylinder (420) and inner cylinder (430) form a side wall interlayer on their side walls, and the bottom surfaces of the outer cylinder (420) and inner cylinder (430) form a bottom surface interlayer. The side wall interlayer and the bottom surface interlayer are interconnected. The outer cylinder (420) has an adjustment opening (421) distributed along an arc on its side wall, which connects the side wall interlayer with the external space; The movable bottom cover (440) includes a cover plate (441), a linkage (442), and a toggle (443). The cover plate (441) is a flat plate structure whose shape is adapted to the second feed port (410), and is disposed in the bottom interlayer, and is connected to the bottom end of the linkage (442) at the periphery; One end of the actuating member (443) extends into the side wall interlayer and is connected to the linkage member (442), while the other end extends out of the adjustment opening (421) and enters the external space; The first feed port (231), the second feed port (410), and the cover plate (441) are all fan-shaped structures, and the fan-shaped center angles of the first feed port (231) and the second feed port (410) are 60°~120°, while the fan-shaped center angles of the cover plate (441) are 70°~140°.

2. The greenhouse environment soil parameter monitoring and simulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nozzle (23) is an atomizing-pressurizing dual-mode nozzle.

3. The greenhouse environment soil parameter monitoring and simulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The simulated rainfall unit also includes a double-layer mesh (24) covering the nozzle (23). The double-layer mesh is made of 304 stainless steel and includes an upper mesh and a lower mesh. The upper mesh has a 1mm aperture and the lower mesh has a 3mm aperture.

4. The greenhouse environment soil parameter monitoring and simulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The column (31) is made of transparent organic glass.

5. The greenhouse environment soil parameter monitoring and simulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drainage board (32) has a cross-shaped hole array in the central area. The cross-shaped hole array consists of 8 radial ridges, and at least 3 drainage holes are evenly distributed on each radial ridge.

6. The greenhouse environment soil parameter monitoring and simulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transparent soil column module also includes a base (34), which is located below the drainage plate (32) and is detachably connected to the drainage plate (32) by fasteners; The base (34) has a cross-shaped hole array in the center area, which is offset from the cross-shaped hole array on the drainage plate (32).

7. The greenhouse environment soil parameter monitoring and simulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a work platform (500), which includes a mounting plate (510), a telescopic rod (520), and a support base plate (530); The mounting plate (510) is provided with several through holes, and the drive assembly (100) and the multi-functional coupling (200) are installed on the upper and lower sides of the mounting plate (510) through the through holes; The support base plate (530) is connected to the mounting plate (510) via the telescopic rod (520), and includes a main support plate (531) and a secondary support plate (532); the main support plate (531) has a through hole in the middle for the drilling assembly (300) to pass through for operation; the secondary support plate (532) is located on the side away from the working end to balance the working platform (500).

8. The greenhouse environment soil parameter monitoring and simulation system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The working platform (500) also includes an anchor (540) located at the bottom of the main support plate (531); The anchoring element (540) includes an installation plate (541) and several anchor feet (542), which can be inserted into the soil to anchor the working area.

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