Optical fiber speed sensor testing device and testing method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to an optical fiber speed sensor testing device and a testing method thereof.The device comprises a heat preservation protection assembly, a testing module and a controller are installed in the heat preservation protection assembly, and the testing module comprises a temperature adjusting unit, a rotation testing unit and a sensor moving unit; the controller comprises a self-checking unit, a distance limit test unit, a temperature limit test unit, a speed limit test unit and a signal optimization unit; the self-checking unit automatically verifies the installation state of the sensor and the flatness of the bar code turntable when the device is started, manual installation deviation or equipment defects are eliminated in advance, it is ensured that the test benchmark is reliable, and the problem that the precision is low due to the fact that a traditional method lacks calibration is solved. The integrated test platform covers a multi-parameter limit test in a one-stop manner, comprehensively verifies the response speed, the sensitivity and the measurement range, and overcomes the defect that variable-temperature and variable-speed working conditions cannot be simulated in the prior art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of sensor testing technology, and in particular to a fiber optic velocity sensor testing device and its testing method. Background Technology

[0002] Fiber optic speed sensing technology emerged in the 1970s alongside the development of fiber optic communication technology. After decades of development, it has become a mature technology. With the continuous development and progress of science and technology, the performance of fiber optic speed sensors has been continuously improved, and their application range has been continuously expanded. Fiber optic sensing technology is a technology that uses optical fibers as sensing units to detect various physical, chemical, or biological parameters. It combines the advantages of fiber optic communication technology with the needs of sensing technology, providing a sensing solution with high sensitivity, strong resistance to electromagnetic interference, long-distance transmission, and the ability to measure multiple parameters.

[0003] The basic working principle of a fiber optic velocity sensor is to send light from a light source through an optical fiber into a modulator. The interaction between the parameter to be measured and the light entering the modulation zone causes a change in the optical properties of the light (such as intensity, wavelength, frequency, phase, and polarization state), which is called the modulated signal light. Parameter measurement is achieved by analyzing the modulated signal light. Compared to traditional electrical sensors, fiber optic velocity sensors have unique advantages such as intrinsic safety (no risk of electrical sparks), resistance to electromagnetic interference, high sensitivity, and remote distributed measurement. They are particularly suitable for high-pressure, high-temperature, and corrosive environments (such as nuclear radiation zones and aircraft engine monitoring, where traditional sensors are difficult to deploy).

[0004] Sensors are evolving towards greater sensitivity, accuracy, adaptability, compactness, and intelligence. They can function as the eyes and ears of humans in inaccessible places (such as high-temperature areas or harmful regions like nuclear radiation zones), and can even transcend human physiological limits to receive external information imperceptible to human senses. Therefore, in the design, production, and use of fiber optic velocity sensors, testing is necessary, including assessing response speed, resolution, sensitivity, and measurement range. Consequently, a fiber optic velocity sensor testing device is required to perform these measurement and calibration tasks.

[0005] Currently, existing testing methods for fiber optic velocity sensors suffer from the following key shortcomings: 1. Lack of specialized testing equipment. Existing tests rely on general-purpose equipment (such as independent motors and calibration disks), which cannot simulate real-world operating conditions (such as variable temperature, variable speed, and variable distance scenarios); 2. Lack of pre-test calibration and verification of the sensor, leading to installation deviations or signal drift that distort test results and result in low accuracy; 3. Inability to perform multi-parameter testing in a single step, resulting in incomplete testing. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an integrated, high-precision, and comprehensive fiber optic velocity sensor testing device to meet the performance verification needs of the R&D and design phase. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an integrated, high-precision fiber optic velocity sensor testing device that can complete multi-parameter testing in one stop.

[0007] In a first aspect, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is a fiber optic velocity sensor testing device, comprising:

[0008] The thermal insulation and protection component includes a thermal insulation shell, a test module installed inside the thermal insulation shell, and a controller electrically connected to the test module;

[0009] The test module includes:

[0010] Temperature regulation unit, configured to regulate the temperature inside the insulation shell;

[0011] The rotation test unit includes a Y-axis rotary motor and a barcode turntable mounted on the shaft of the Y-axis rotary motor. The surface of the barcode turntable is provided with black and white stripes with increasing density from the center to the edge.

[0012] The sensor moving unit includes an X-axis moving component and a Y-axis moving component. The X-axis moving component is equipped with two fiber optic speed sensors symmetrically distributed about the central axis of the barcode turntable. The X-axis moving component is used to drive the two fiber optic speed sensors to move synchronously towards or away from each other along the X-axis. The Y-axis moving component is used to drive the X-axis moving component to move along the Y-axis to adjust the working distance h between the fiber optic speed sensors and the barcode turntable.

[0013] The temperature regulation unit, rotation testing unit, and sensor movement unit are all electrically connected to the controller; wherein, the controller includes:

[0014] The self-test unit is configured to perform the following operations when the test device is started:

[0015] The Y-axis rotary motor is controlled to run at a preset initial speed w0, and the X-axis moving assembly is driven to position the two fiber optic speed sensors at a set distance d0 from the center axis of the barcode turntable.

[0016] The measured velocity values ​​of two fiber optic velocity sensors are obtained, and the sensor installation status is determined based on the comparison result of the relative error between the two measured velocity values ​​and a preset first threshold.

[0017] When the relative error between the two measured speed values ​​does not exceed the preset first threshold, the deviation between the two measured speed values ​​and the theoretical speed value is calculated, and the flatness status of the barcode turntable is determined based on the comparison result between the obtained deviation and the preset second threshold.

[0018] The distance limit test unit is configured to obtain the minimum effective distance h of the fiber optic velocity sensor by adjusting the Y-axis movement component. min and the maximum effective distance h max ;

[0019] The temperature limit test unit is configured to obtain the effective minimum operating temperature T of the fiber optic velocity sensor by controlling the temperature regulation unit. min and the maximum effective operating temperature T max ;

[0020] The speed limit test unit is used to obtain the maximum speed V of the fiber optic speed sensor by coordinating the Y-axis rotary motor and the X-axis moving component. max and minimum speed V min .

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: By employing the aforementioned fiber optic speed sensor testing device, through integrated design and intelligent control, the accuracy, comprehensiveness, and efficiency of fiber optic speed sensor testing are significantly improved. Firstly, the self-testing unit automatically verifies the sensor installation status and barcode turntable flatness upon device startup, preemptively eliminating human installation deviations or equipment defects, ensuring reliable test benchmarks, and solving the low accuracy problem caused by the lack of calibration in traditional methods. Secondly, the integrated testing platform provides one-stop coverage for multi-parameter limit testing: the distance limit testing unit accurately obtains the sensor's minimum and maximum effective working distance through the Y-axis moving component; the temperature limit testing unit simulates real-world temperature changes to determine the effective working temperature range; the speed limit testing unit coordinates the adjustment of the rotating motor and moving component to obtain the highest and lowest speed limits, comprehensively verifying response speed, sensitivity, and measurement range, overcoming the shortcomings of existing technologies that cannot simulate variable temperature and speed conditions. Furthermore, the thermal insulation protection component provides a stable and controllable testing environment, enhancing safety; the controller automates all processes, reducing manual intervention and improving efficiency by more than 30%. Overall, this invention provides high-precision, full-parameter calibration support for the research, development, production, and use of fiber optic velocity sensors, promoting their application in harsh environments such as aviation and industrial monitoring.

[0022] Preferably, the X-axis moving assembly includes a support frame and a transmission mechanism mounted on the support frame, wherein the transmission mechanism includes:

[0023] The gear timing belt is arranged parallel to the X-axis direction;

[0024] An X-axis moving motor is used to drive the gear synchronous belt to rotate.

[0025] Two sensor mounting brackets are symmetrically fixed to the gear timing belt for mounting the two fiber optic speed sensors respectively.

[0026] The driving pulley and the driven pulley are respectively located at both ends of the gear synchronous belt for tensioning transmission;

[0027] The X-axis moving motor drives the gear synchronous belt to move the two sensor mounting bases synchronously towards or away from each other along the X-axis.

[0028] Using the aforementioned X-axis moving assembly, the driving and driven wheels are linked by a gear and synchronous belt, driving the two sensor mounting bases to move synchronously in opposite directions along the guide rail. This ensures that fiber optic speed sensors A and B are always symmetrically distributed about the central axis of the barcode turntable, eliminating the impact of unilateral installation errors on test accuracy. The sensor mounting bases are rigidly connected to the synchronous belt, and combined with the trajectory constraints of the guide rail, resist vibration interference under high-speed rotation and prevent sensor displacement drift. The gradient density stripes (density increasing from the center to the edge) of the barcode turntable (203) are precisely matched to achieve full-radius speed calibration coverage.

[0029] Preferably, the Y-axis movement component includes:

[0030] Synchronous link, the support frame is fixedly connected to the synchronous link;

[0031] The Y-axis moving guide rail is arranged parallel to the Y-axis direction and is slidably connected to the synchronous connecting rod;

[0032] The Y-axis moving motor 302 is hinged to the lower surface of the synchronous connecting rod;

[0033] The bottom fixing plate, the Y-axis moving guide rail and the Y-axis moving motor 302 are fixed on the bottom fixing plate;

[0034] The Y-axis moving motor 302 drives the synchronous link to move the X-axis moving component along the Y-axis, thereby continuously adjusting the working distance between the fiber optic speed sensor and the barcode turntable.

[0035] The aforementioned Y-axis moving component, through a synchronous linkage hinge drive and sliding cooperation with the guide rail, achieves the straight-line motion of the X-axis moving component without deviation, ensuring the reliability of the distance limit test.

[0036] Preferably, the relative error between the two measured velocity values ​​is specifically expressed as follows: Among them, V 0A V represents the measured velocity value of one of the fiber optic velocity sensors. 0B This represents the measured velocity value of another fiber optic velocity sensor; the preset first threshold is specifically taken as 3%; the theoretical velocity value is specifically expressed as: V 理论 =w0·d0; the deviation between one of the measured velocity values ​​and the theoretical velocity value is expressed as: Another deviation between the measured speed value and the theoretical speed value is expressed as follows: The preset second threshold is specifically set to 5%.

[0037] Preferably, the stripe angle width of the barcode turntable satisfies:

[0038]

[0039] Among them, W slot R represents the width of the black stripe, r1 represents the radius of the black stripe, α represents the proportion of the period occupied by the width of the black stripe, 0 < α < 1; N represents the number of black and white stripes; W gap r1 represents the width of the white stripe, and r2 represents the radius of the white stripe.

[0040] Preferably, the controller further includes:

[0041] The signal optimization unit is configured to solve for the parameter combination that maximizes the signal strength of the fiber optic speed sensor, and adjust the temperature, the speed of the Y-axis rotary motor, the sensor displacement parameters along the X-axis, and the sensor displacement parameters along the Y-axis according to the parameter combination.

[0042] By using the above-mentioned signal optimization unit, the fiber optic velocity sensor can output the optimal signal strength, thus meeting the signal strength testing requirements of the fiber optic velocity sensor.

[0043] Preferably, the barcode turntable is made of 7075 aerospace-grade aluminum alloy, with a modal frequency within the speed range of 0–20,000 rpm and no intersection with the 1× frequency line. The 7075 aerospace-grade aluminum alloy barcode turntable (yield strength ≥ 503 MPa) exhibits a deformation of < 0.5 mm at a high speed of 20,000 rpm, and its modal frequency avoids the 1× frequency line (0–20,000 rpm has no critical speed), completely eliminating the risk of resonance and ensuring ultra-high-speed testing accuracy.

[0044] Secondly, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is a method for testing an optical fiber velocity sensor, comprising the following steps:

[0045] S1. Self-test function executed:

[0046] The controller drives the Y-axis rotary motor to run at a preset initial speed w0, and synchronously controls the X-axis moving motor to position the two fiber optic speed sensors at a set distance d0 from the center axis of the barcode turntable.

[0047] Obtain the measured velocity values ​​V from two fiber optic velocity sensors. 0A and V 0B ;

[0048] Calculate the relative error between the measured velocity values ​​from the two fiber optic velocity sensors: If δ1 ≥ 3%, it is determined to be a fault in the installation of the fiber optic velocity sensor;

[0049] If the relative error δ1 of the measured velocity values ​​from the two fiber optic velocity sensors is less than 3%, then calculate the deviations between the two measured velocity values ​​and the theoretical velocity value, where the deviation of one of the measured velocity values ​​from the theoretical velocity value is expressed as: Another deviation between the measured speed value and the theoretical speed value is expressed as follows: If δ 2A ×≥5% or δ 2B If the flatness of the barcode carousel is ≥5%, it is determined that the flatness of the barcode carousel is abnormal; if δ 2A <5% and δ 2B If the value is less than 5%, proceed to step S2.

[0050] S2, Distance Limit Test:

[0051] The controller adjusts the Y-axis moving component and steps to adjust the working distance h between the fiber optic speed sensor and the barcode turntable.

[0052] Real-time monitoring of signal strength; when the strength attenuates to an effective threshold, the minimum effective distance h of the fiber optic velocity sensor is recorded. min and the maximum effective distance h max The effective threshold is 70% of the standard signal strength of the fiber optic velocity sensor;

[0053] S3, Temperature Limit Test:

[0054] The PTC temperature control module in the temperature control unit regulates the temperature and simultaneously monitors the measured velocity values ​​of the two fiber optic velocity sensors. The lowest temperature T is recorded only when the relative error δ1 of the measured velocity values ​​of the two fiber optic velocity sensors is less than 3% and the deviations of both measured velocity values ​​from the theoretical velocity values ​​are both less than 5% (δ2). min And the highest effective operating temperature T max ;

[0055] S4, Speed ​​Limit Test:

[0056] The rotational speed of the Y-axis rotary motor and the movement distance of the fiber optic velocity sensor along the X-axis were coordinated and adjusted to record the maximum speed V of the fiber optic velocity sensor. max and minimum speed V min ;

[0057] S5, Signal Strength Optimization:

[0058] A genetic algorithm is used to solve for the parameter combination (T, w, d, h) that maximizes the signal strength of the fiber optic velocity sensor. Based on the parameter combination, the temperature T of the PTC temperature control module, the speed w of the Y-axis rotary motor, the moving distance d of the fiber optic velocity sensor along the X-axis, and the moving distance h of the fiber optic velocity sensor along the Y-axis are adjusted synchronously.

[0059] The aforementioned fiber optic velocity sensor testing method employs dual-sensor cross-validation (3% threshold) and theoretical value secondary calibration (5% threshold) to preemptively eliminate installation deviations or equipment defects, ensuring the reliability of subsequent test benchmarks and reducing overall measurement errors. Extreme testing provides full coverage of limit parameters, ensuring precise boundary locking. Signal optimization utilizes a genetic algorithm to simultaneously fine-tune four parameters (temperature, rotational speed, and displacement) to maximize signal strength and shorten the R&D cycle. This one-stop sensor testing method reduces manual intervention by 70%, supporting demanding applications in aerospace, industry, and other scenarios.

[0060] Preferably, in step S5, the specific process of using a genetic algorithm to solve for the parameter combination that maximizes the signal strength of the fiber optic velocity sensor includes the following steps:

[0061] S5.1 Define the optimal error function E best ;

[0062] S5.1, Randomly generate a population with parameter combinations (T, w, d, h);

[0063] S5.2 Sort the signal strength of each individual in the population and retain the top 30% of individuals by signal strength;

[0064] S5.3 Randomly swap the remaining individuals and perturb their parameter values ​​with a 5% probability;

[0065] S5.4 Calculate the measured velocity values ​​V of the two corresponding fiber optic velocity sensors based on the retained individuals. 0A and V 0B And calculate the corresponding objective function value. The obtained objective function value E and E best After comparison, the one that satisfies E is ultimately retained. <E best For all individuals that are ultimately retained, return to step S5.3 to continue the iterative loop until the maximum number of iterations is reached, and finally obtain the corresponding global maximum signal strength and the corresponding parameter combination. Attached Figure Description

[0066] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fiber optic velocity sensor testing device according to the present invention;

[0067] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the test module in this invention;

[0068] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the X-axis moving component in this invention;

[0069] Figure 4 This is a front view of the X-axis movement component in this invention;

[0070] Figure 5 This is a top view of the X-axis movement component in this invention;

[0071] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the Y-axis moving component in this invention;

[0072] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rotating test unit in this invention;

[0073] Figure 8 This is a side view of the rotating test unit in this invention;

[0074] Figure 9 This is a flowchart of the self-test function in a fiber optic velocity sensor testing method of the present invention;

[0075] Figure 10 This is a flowchart illustrating the testing of distance, temperature, speed, and signal strength in a fiber optic velocity sensor testing method according to the present invention.

[0076] As shown in the figure: 1. Thermal insulation and protection component; 101. Temperature regulation unit; 102. Thermal insulation shell; 103. Operation panel; 104. Observation window; 2. Rotation test unit; 201. Barcode turntable; 202. Y-axis rotary motor; 203. Motor mounting base; 204. Flange coupling; 3. Y-axis moving component; 301. Synchronous connecting rod; 302. Y-axis moving motor; 303. Bottom fixing plate; 304. Y-axis moving guide rail; 4. X-axis moving component; 401. Drive wheel; 402. X-axis moving motor; 403. Fiber optic speed sensor A; 404. Gear synchronous belt; 405. Fiber optic speed sensor B; 406. Sensor mounting base; 407. Driven wheel; 408. Support frame; 5. Controller; 6. Barcode turntable central axis. Detailed Implementation

[0077] The invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can implement it based on the description. The scope of protection of the invention is not limited to these specific embodiments.

[0078] Those skilled in the art should understand that, in the disclosure of this invention, the terms "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the above terms should not be construed as limiting this invention.

[0079] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0080] In the description of the embodiments of this application, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0081] This invention relates to a fiber optic velocity sensor testing device, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes:

[0082] The thermal insulation and protection component 1 includes a thermal insulation shell 102, a test module installed inside the thermal insulation shell 102, and a controller 5 electrically connected to the test module.

[0083] Figure 1 In the insulation shell 102, the insulation material itself is used (such as polyurethane). Polyurethane has excellent insulation performance, with a thermal conductivity of 0.024 W / (m·K). It also has good integrity and waterproofing, making it easy to install and minimizing heat loss when used for equipment insulation. The insulation shell 102 also uses explosion-proof steel plates to prevent heat loss and prevent items from flying out due to motor rotation. Specifically, it uses 3mm thick SECC (electrolytic zinc-plated steel plate). SECC is an electro-galvanized stamping material with cold-rolled steel as the base material, possessing rust and corrosion resistance, a tensile strength ≥270 MPa, and an elongation after fracture ≥39%, fully meeting the strength and impact requirements.

[0084] The fiber optic speed sensor testing device also includes an observation window 104 set on the thermal insulation housing 102. The observation window 104 is made of heat-insulating glass, which facilitates the observation of the internal module operation and also serves to insulate heat.

[0085] The fiber optic speed sensor testing device also includes an operation panel 103 mounted on the insulation housing 102. The operation panel 103 is connected to the controller 5 and is used to control the motors, temperatures, etc. in different parts of the interior. It is also a panel for displaying various parameters.

[0086] like Figure 2 As shown, the test module includes:

[0087] Temperature regulation unit 101 is configured to regulate the temperature inside the insulation shell 102; temperature regulation unit 101 is installed inside the insulation shell 102. Temperature regulation unit 101 is configured for heating and cooling, and adopts a PTC ceramic heater, which can simulate different temperature environments. Its lowest temperature is room temperature and its highest temperature is 80℃.

[0088] Rotate test unit 2, such as Figure 7 As shown, the device includes a Y-axis rotary motor 202, a barcode turntable 201 mounted on the shaft of the Y-axis rotary motor 202, and a flange coupling 204. The Y-axis rotary motor 202 is mounted on a motor mounting base 203. The surface of the barcode turntable 201 has black and white stripes with increasing density from the center to the edge. The flange coupling 204 is a high-precision transmission component that connects the Y-axis rotary motor 202 and the barcode turntable 201. It achieves efficient torque transmission under high-speed rotation, while suppressing vibration and deformation, ensuring the motion accuracy and structural safety of the barcode turntable 201.

[0089] The Y-axis rotary motor 202 is a 220V AC brushless motor with a rated power of 750W and a maximum speed of 20,000rpm (operating limit 10,000rpm). It is paired with a vector driver to achieve a speed accuracy of ±0.1%.

[0090] The 204 flange coupling is made of stainless steel and has an embedded rubber damping ring. It has a torque transmission efficiency of ≥98% and suppresses high-speed vibration.

[0091] The barcode turntable 201 is forged from 7075 aerospace-grade aluminum alloy (yield strength ≥ 503 MPa), with a diameter of 300 mm and a thickness of 10 mm. It features an anodized surface treatment and its modal frequency operates within the 0–20,000 rpm speed range, with no intersection with the 1× frequency line. The 7075 aerospace-grade aluminum alloy barcode turntable 201 (yield strength ≥ 503 MPa) exhibits deformation < 0.5 mm at a high speed of 20,000 rpm, and its modal frequency avoids the 1× frequency line (0–20,000 rpm has no critical speed), completely eliminating resonance risks and ensuring ultra-high-speed testing accuracy.

[0092] The black and white stripes on the barcode carousel increase linearly from the center to the edge to simulate a speed gradient in a real-world scenario. The specific principle behind this stripe design is as follows: Assume the black and white stripes are evenly distributed along the circumference, with a total of N stripes; then one cycle is:

[0093]

[0094] Let the proportion of the black stripe width to the period be α (0 < α < 1), then:

[0095] The theoretical width of the black stripe corner is:

[0096]

[0097] The theoretical width of the white stripes is:

[0098]

[0099] Given a black stripe located on a radius r1 and a white stripe located on a radius r2, we obtain the actual widths of the black and white stripes:

[0100] Black stripe width (linear):

[0101]

[0102] White stripe width:

[0103]

[0104] Where θ represents the polar angle, in radians; N represents the total number of stripes (per revolution).

[0105] The sensor moving unit includes an X-axis moving component 4 and a Y-axis moving component 3. The X-axis moving component 4 is equipped with two fiber optic speed sensors symmetrically distributed about the central axis of the barcode turntable 201, including fiber optic speed sensor A403 and fiber optic speed sensor B405. The X-axis moving component 4 is used to drive the two fiber optic speed sensors to move synchronously towards or away from each other along the X-axis. The Y-axis moving component 3 is used to drive the X-axis moving component 4 to move along the Y-axis to adjust the working distance h between the fiber optic speed sensors and the barcode turntable 201.

[0106] Among them, such as Figure 3 As shown, the X-axis moving assembly 4 includes a support frame 408 and a transmission mechanism mounted on the support frame 408. The transmission mechanism includes:

[0107] The gear timing belt is made of 404 stainless steel and is arranged parallel to the X-axis direction.

[0108] X-axis moving motor 402 is used to drive the gear synchronous belt 404 to rotate;

[0109] Two sensor mounting bases 406 are symmetrically fixed on the gear timing belt 404 for mounting the two fiber optic speed sensors respectively.

[0110] The driving pulley 401 and the driven pulley 407 are respectively disposed at both ends of the gear synchronous belt 404 for tensioning transmission;

[0111] The X-axis moving motor 402 drives the gear timing belt 404 to move the two sensor mounting bases 406 synchronously towards or away from each other along the X-axis.

[0112] The support frame 408 is made of SECC steel plate bent into shape (2mm thick), rigidly fixed to the Y-axis moving component 3-link, and bears the overall transmission mechanism.

[0113] The 404 gear timing belt is made of polyurethane and steel wire core (module 1.5), arranged parallel to the X-axis, with a pitch accuracy of ±0.01mm, ensuring zero slippage in the transmission.

[0114] The X-axis moving motor 402 is a 50W servo motor (encoder resolution 0.036°), with an output torque of 0.64 N·m, which drives the drive wheel 401 to rotate.

[0115] The drive wheel 401 (diameter 20mm) is made of aluminum alloy, has 20 teeth, and is connected to the motor shaft via a keyway (H7 / h6 tolerance fit).

[0116] The driven pulley 407 (diameter 20mm) specifically adopts a tension adjustment bolt with a preload ≥20N to suppress synchronous belt deformation.

[0117] The sensor mounting base 406 is made of 7075 aluminum alloy CNC machined and includes a vibration damping rubber pad (Shore hardness 50A) to rigidly lock the fiber optic speed sensor A403 and the fiber optic speed sensor B405.

[0118] The guide rail specifically adopts a linear guide rail (precision grade H), arranged parallel to the synchronous belt, to constrain the movement trajectory of the fixed seat (runaway <0.005mm).

[0119] Using the aforementioned X-axis moving assembly 4, the driving wheel 401 and driven wheel 407 are linked by a gear synchronous belt 404. When the X-axis moving motor 402 rotates forward, the two sensors move synchronously towards each other; when the X-axis moving motor 402 rotates in reverse, the two sensors move synchronously away from each other. The symmetrical central axes of fiber optic speed sensors A403 and B405 always coincide with the rotation axis of the barcode turntable 201. The two sensor mounting bases 406 are driven to move synchronously towards / away from each other along the guide rail, ensuring that fiber optic speed sensors A403 and B405 are always symmetrically distributed about the central axis of the barcode turntable 201, eliminating the influence of unilateral installation errors on test accuracy. The sensor mounting bases 406 are rigidly connected to the synchronous belt, and combined with the trajectory constraints of the guide rail, resist vibration interference under high-speed rotation and prevent sensor displacement drift. Precise matching of the gradient density stripes (density increasing from the center to the edge) of the barcode turntable 201 achieves full-radius speed calibration coverage.

[0120] like Figure 6 As shown, the Y-axis movement component 3 includes:

[0121] Synchronous link 301, the support frame 408 is fixedly connected to the synchronous link 301;

[0122] The Y-axis moving guide rail 304 is arranged parallel to the Y-axis direction and is slidably connected to the synchronous connecting rod 301;

[0123] The Y-axis moving motor 302 is hinged to the lower surface of the synchronous connecting rod 301;

[0124] The bottom fixing plate 303, the Y-axis moving guide rail 304 and the Y-axis moving motor 302 are fixed on the bottom fixing plate 303;

[0125] The Y-axis moving motor 302 drives the synchronous link 301 to move the X-axis moving component 4 along the Y-axis, thereby continuously adjusting the working distance between the fiber optic speed sensor and the barcode turntable 201.

[0126] The aforementioned Y-axis moving component 3, through the hinged drive of the synchronous connecting rod 301 and the sliding cooperation with the guide rail, realizes the straight-line motion of the X-axis moving component 4 without deviation, ensuring the reliability of the distance limit test.

[0127] The synchronous linkage 301 is made of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy profile (wall thickness 3mm) and is rigidly connected to the X-axis moving component 4 support frame 408 by bolts to ensure that the left and right displacements are completely synchronized (skew error ≤0.01mm).

[0128] The Y-axis moving guide rail 304 specifically adopts a double linear slide rail (precision grade H), with a parallel spacing of 150mm and a surface hardening treatment (HRC60). It is slidably connected to the synchronous connecting rod 301 through a slider.

[0129] The Y-axis moving motor 302 specifically adopts a 00W servo motor + ball screw (lead 5mm), with the screw nut hinged to the lower surface of the connecting rod, and the thrust ≥200N.

[0130] The bottom fixing plate 303 is made of SECC steel plate (15mm thick), and the guide rail and motor module are fixed by anchor bolts. The flatness is ≤0.02mm / 100mm.

[0131] The Y-axis moving motor 302 drives the ball screw to rotate, and the screw nut pushes the synchronous connecting rod 301 to move linearly along the Y-axis moving guide rail 304, thereby driving the overall displacement of the X-axis moving assembly 4.

[0132] The temperature regulation unit 101, the rotation test unit 2, and the sensor movement unit are all electrically connected to the controller 5.

[0133] The controller includes:

[0134] The self-test unit is configured to perform the following operations when the test device is started:

[0135] The Y-axis rotary motor 302 is controlled to run at a preset initial speed w0, and the X-axis moving motor 402 is driven to position the fiber optic speed sensor A403 and the fiber optic speed sensor B405 at a set distance d0 from the central axis 6 of the barcode turntable.

[0136] The measured velocity values ​​of two fiber optic velocity sensors are obtained, and the sensor installation status is determined based on the comparison result of the relative error between the two measured velocity values ​​and a preset first threshold.

[0137] When the relative error between the two measured speed values ​​does not exceed the preset first threshold, the deviation between the two measured speed values ​​and the theoretical speed value is calculated, and the flatness status of the barcode turntable 201 is determined based on the comparison result of the obtained deviation and the preset second threshold.

[0138] The distance limit test unit is configured to obtain the minimum effective distance h of the fiber optic velocity sensor by adjusting the Y-axis movement component. min and the maximum effective distance h max ;

[0139] The temperature limit test unit is configured to obtain the effective minimum operating temperature T of the fiber optic velocity sensor by controlling the temperature regulation unit. min and the maximum effective operating temperature T max ;

[0140] The speed limit test unit is used to obtain the maximum speed V of the fiber optic speed sensor by coordinating the Y-axis rotary motor and the X-axis moving component. max and minimum speed V min .

[0141] The signal optimization unit is configured to solve for the parameter combination that maximizes the signal strength of the fiber optic speed sensor. Based on the parameter combination, it adjusts the temperature, the rotation speed of the Y-axis rotary motor 302, the displacement parameters of the fiber optic speed sensor along the X-axis, and the displacement parameters of the fiber optic speed sensor along the Y-axis. Among them, the displacement parameter of the fiber optic speed sensor along the X-axis is the displacement distance of the fiber optic speed sensor A403 or the fiber optic speed sensor B405 relative to the central axis of the barcode turntable.

[0142] The aforementioned fiber optic velocity sensor testing device, through integrated design and intelligent control, significantly improves the accuracy, comprehensiveness, and efficiency of fiber optic velocity sensor testing. First, the self-testing unit automatically verifies the sensor installation status and barcode turntable flatness upon device startup, preemptively eliminating human installation deviations or equipment defects, ensuring a reliable test benchmark, and solving the low accuracy problem caused by the lack of calibration in traditional methods. Second, the integrated testing platform provides one-stop coverage for multi-parameter limit testing: the distance limit testing unit accurately obtains the sensor's minimum and maximum effective working distance through the Y-axis moving component 3; the temperature limit testing unit simulates real-world temperature changes to determine the effective working temperature range; the speed limit testing unit coordinates the adjustment of the rotating motor and moving component to obtain the highest and lowest speed limits, comprehensively verifying response speed, sensitivity, and measurement range, overcoming the shortcomings of existing technologies that cannot simulate variable temperature and speed conditions. Furthermore, the thermal insulation protection component 1 provides a stable and controllable testing environment, enhancing safety; the controller automates all processes, reducing manual intervention and improving efficiency by more than 30%. Overall, this invention provides high-precision, full-parameter calibration support for the research, development, production, and use of fiber optic velocity sensors, promoting their application in harsh environments such as aviation and industrial monitoring.

[0143] The relative error between the two measured velocity values ​​is specifically expressed as follows: Among them, V 0A V represents the measured velocity value of one of the fiber optic velocity sensors. 0B This represents the measured velocity value of another fiber optic velocity sensor; the preset first threshold is specifically taken as 3%; the theoretical velocity value is specifically expressed as: V 理论 =w0·d0; the deviation between one of the measured velocity values ​​and the theoretical velocity value is expressed as: Another deviation between the measured speed value and the theoretical speed value is expressed as follows: The preset second threshold is specifically set to 5%.

[0144] This invention also relates to a method for testing an optical fiber velocity sensor, comprising the following steps:

[0145] S1, such as Figure 9 As shown, the self-test function is executed:

[0146] The controller 5 drives the Y-axis rotary motor 202 to run at a preset initial speed w0 = 1000 rpm, and synchronously controls the X-axis moving motor 402 to position the two fiber optic speed sensors at a set distance d0 = 50 mm from the center axis of the barcode turntable.

[0147] Obtain the measured velocity values ​​V from two fiber optic velocity sensors. 0A and V 0B ;

[0148] Calculate the relative error between the measured velocity values ​​from the two fiber optic velocity sensors: If δ1>3%, it is determined to be a fault in the installation of the fiber optic speed sensor. For example, if the fiber optic speed sensor is installed at an angle greater than 1°, the audible and visual alarm will be triggered and the test will be stopped.

[0149] If the relative error δ1 between the measured velocity values ​​of the two fiber optic velocity sensors is ≤3%, calculate the theoretical velocity value of the fiber optic velocity sensor: V 理论 =w0·d0; Calculate the deviations between the two measured speed values ​​and the theoretical speed values, where the deviation between one of the measured speed values ​​and the theoretical speed value is expressed as: Another deviation between the measured speed value and the theoretical speed value is expressed as follows: If δ 2A >5% or δ 2B If ×100% > 5%, the barcode turntable 201 is determined to have an abnormal flatness, for example, a deformation greater than 0.5mm, and the audible and visual alarm is triggered and the test is stopped; if δ 2A <5% and δ 2B <5%, self-test passed, proceed to step S2;

[0150] S2, such as Figure 10 As shown in (a), a distance limit test was conducted:

[0151] The Y-axis rotary motor 202 is set to run at an initial speed w0. The two fiber optic speed sensors are positioned at an initial distance d0 from the center axis of the barcode turntable. The PTC temperature control module in the temperature regulation unit 101 maintains the initial temperature T0. The controller 5 adjusts the Y-axis moving motor 302 to adjust the working distance h between the fiber optic speed sensor and the barcode turntable 201 with a step accuracy of 0.1mm.

[0152] Real-time monitoring of signal strength; when the strength attenuates to an effective threshold, the minimum effective distance h of the fiber optic velocity sensor is recorded. minand the maximum effective distance h max The effective threshold is 70% of the standard signal strength of the fiber optic speed sensor, where the standard signal strength refers to the signal strength value measured at the optimal working distance.

[0153] S3, such as Figure 10 As shown in (b), temperature limit test:

[0154] The Y-axis rotary motor 202 is set to an initial speed w0. Two fiber optic speed sensors are positioned at an initial distance d0 from the central axis of the barcode turntable. The initial distance between the fiber optic speed sensors and the barcode turntable 201 is h0. The PTC temperature control module in the temperature regulation unit 101 adjusts the temperature at a gradient of 1℃ / min (range -20℃ to 80℃), simultaneously monitoring the measured speed values ​​of the two fiber optic speed sensors. Only when the relative error δ1 of the measured speed values ​​of the two fiber optic speed sensors is less than 3% and δ... 2A <5% and δ 2B When <5%, record the lowest effective operating temperature T. min And the highest effective operating temperature T max ;

[0155] S4, such as Figure 10 As shown in (c), speed limit test:

[0156] Maintaining the initial distance h0 between the fiber optic speed sensor and the barcode turntable 201, the PTC temperature control module in the temperature regulation unit 101 maintains the initial temperature T0, and coordinates the rotational speed w of the Y-axis rotary motor 202 and the X-axis moving motor to record the maximum speed V of the fiber optic speed sensor. max and minimum speed V min ;

[0157] S5, such as Figure 10 As shown in (d), signal strength optimization:

[0158] A genetic algorithm is used to solve for the parameter combination (T, w, d, h) that maximizes the signal strength of the fiber optic velocity sensor. Based on this parameter combination, the temperature T of the PTC temperature control module, the rotational speed w of the Y-axis rotary motor 202, the displacement d of the fiber optic velocity sensor along the X-axis, and the displacement h of the fiber optic velocity sensor along the Y-axis are synchronously adjusted. The specific process is as follows:

[0159] S5.1 Define the optimal error function E best ;

[0160] S5.1. Randomly generate a population with parameter combinations (T, w, d, h), the population consisting of 100 random individuals;

[0161] S5.2 Sort the signal strength of each individual in the population and retain the top 30% of individuals by signal strength;

[0162] S5.3 Randomly swap the remaining individuals and perturb their parameter values ​​with a 5% probability;

[0163] S5.4 Calculate the measured velocity values ​​V of the two corresponding fiber optic velocity sensors based on the retained individuals. 0A and V 0B And calculate the corresponding objective function value. The obtained objective function value E and E best After comparison, the one that satisfies E is ultimately retained. <E best For all individuals that are ultimately retained, return to step S5.3 to continue the iterative loop until the maximum number of iterations is reached, and finally obtain the corresponding global maximum signal strength and the corresponding parameter combination.

[0164] The aforementioned fiber optic velocity sensor testing method employs dual-sensor cross-validation (3% threshold) and theoretical value secondary calibration (5% threshold) to preemptively eliminate installation deviations or equipment defects, ensuring the reliability of subsequent test benchmarks and reducing overall measurement errors. Extreme testing provides full coverage of limit parameters, ensuring precise boundary locking. Signal optimization utilizes a genetic algorithm to simultaneously fine-tune four parameters (temperature, rotational speed, and displacement) to maximize signal strength and shorten the R&D cycle. This one-stop sensor testing method reduces manual intervention by 70%, supporting demanding applications in aerospace, industry, and other scenarios.

Claims

1. A fiber optic velocity sensor testing device, characterized in that: include: The thermal insulation and protection component includes a thermal insulation shell, a test module installed inside the thermal insulation shell, and a controller electrically connected to the test module; The test module includes: Temperature regulation unit, configured to regulate the temperature inside the insulation shell; The rotation test unit includes a Y-axis rotary motor and a barcode turntable mounted on the shaft of the Y-axis rotary motor. The surface of the barcode turntable is provided with black and white stripes with increasing density from the center to the edge. The sensor moving unit includes an X-axis moving component and a Y-axis moving component. The X-axis moving component is equipped with two fiber optic speed sensors symmetrically distributed about the central axis of the barcode turntable. The X-axis moving component is used to drive the two fiber optic speed sensors to move synchronously towards or away from each other along the X-axis. The Y-axis moving component is used to drive the X-axis moving component to move along the Y-axis to adjust the working distance h between the fiber optic speed sensors and the barcode turntable. The temperature regulation unit, rotation testing unit, and sensor movement unit are all electrically connected to the controller; wherein, the controller includes: The self-test unit is configured to perform the following operations when the test device is started: The Y-axis rotary motor is controlled to run at a preset initial speed w0, and the X-axis moving assembly is driven to position the two fiber optic speed sensors at a set distance d0 from the center axis of the barcode turntable. The measured velocity values ​​of two fiber optic velocity sensors are obtained, and the sensor installation status is determined based on the comparison result of the relative error between the two measured velocity values ​​and a preset first threshold. When the relative error between the two measured speed values ​​does not exceed the preset first threshold, the deviation between the two measured speed values ​​and the theoretical speed value is calculated, and the flatness status of the barcode turntable is determined based on the comparison result between the obtained deviation and the preset second threshold. The distance limit test unit is configured to obtain the minimum effective distance h of the fiber optic sensor by adjusting the Y-axis movement component. min and the maximum effective distance h max ; The temperature limit test unit is configured to obtain the effective minimum operating temperature T of the fiber optic sensor by controlling the temperature regulation unit. min and the maximum effective operating temperature T max ; The speed limit test unit is used to obtain the maximum speed V of the fiber optic sensor by coordinating the Y-axis rotary motor and the X-axis moving component. max and minimum speed V min .

2. The fiber optic velocity sensor testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The X-axis moving assembly includes a support frame and a transmission mechanism mounted on the support frame, the transmission mechanism including: The gear timing belt is arranged parallel to the X-axis direction; An X-axis moving motor is used to drive the gear synchronous belt to rotate. Two sensor mounting brackets are symmetrically fixed to the gear timing belt for mounting the two fiber optic speed sensors respectively. The driving pulley and the driven pulley are respectively located at both ends of the gear synchronous belt for tensioning transmission; The X-axis moving motor drives the gear synchronous belt to move the two sensor mounting bases synchronously towards or away from each other along the X-axis.

3. The fiber optic velocity sensor testing device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The Y-axis movement component includes: Synchronous link, the support frame is fixedly connected to the synchronous link; The Y-axis moving guide rail is arranged parallel to the Y-axis direction and is slidably connected to the synchronous connecting rod; The Y-axis moving motor module is hinged to the lower surface of the synchronous connecting rod; The bottom fixing plate is on which the Y-axis moving guide rail and the Y-axis moving motor module are fixed. The Y-axis moving motor module drives the synchronous link to move the X-axis moving component along the Y-axis, thereby continuously adjusting the working distance between the fiber optic speed sensor and the barcode turntable.

4. The fiber optic velocity sensor testing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The relative error between the two measured velocity values ​​is specifically expressed as follows: Among them, V 0A V represents the measured velocity value of one of the fiber optic velocity sensors. 0B This represents the measured velocity value of another fiber optic velocity sensor; the preset first threshold is specifically taken as 3%; the theoretical velocity value is specifically expressed as: V 理论 =w0·d0; the deviation between one of the measured velocity values ​​and the theoretical velocity value is expressed as: Another deviation between the measured speed value and the theoretical speed value is expressed as follows: The preset second threshold is specifically set to 5%.

5. The fiber optic velocity sensor testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stripe angle width of the barcode turntable satisfies: Among them, W slot R represents the width of the black stripe, r1 represents the radius of the black stripe, α represents the proportion of the period occupied by the width of the black stripe, 0 < α < 1; N represents the number of black and white stripes; W gap r1 represents the width of the white stripe, and r2 represents the radius of the white stripe.

6. The fiber optic velocity sensor testing device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The controller also includes: The signal optimization unit is configured to solve for the parameter combination that maximizes the signal strength of the fiber optic speed sensor, and adjust the temperature, the speed of the Y-axis rotary motor, the sensor displacement parameters along the X-axis, and the sensor displacement parameters along the Y-axis according to the parameter combination.

7. The fiber optic velocity sensor testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The barcode turntable is made of 7075 aviation aluminum alloy, and its modal frequency is in the range of 0 to 20,000 rpm, and it has no intersection with the 1× frequency line.

8. A method for testing an optical fiber velocity sensor, implemented by an optical fiber velocity sensor testing device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the following steps: S1. Self-test function executed: The controller drives the Y-axis rotary motor to run at a preset initial speed w0, and synchronously controls the X-axis moving component to position the two fiber optic speed sensors at a set distance d0 from the central axis of the barcode turntable. Obtain the measured velocity values ​​V from two fiber optic velocity sensors. 0A and V 0B ; Calculate the relative error between the measured velocity values ​​from the two fiber optic velocity sensors: If δ1 ≥ 3%, it is determined to be a fault in the installation of the fiber optic velocity sensor; If the relative error δ1 of the measured velocity values ​​from the two fiber optic velocity sensors is less than 3%, then calculate the deviations between the two measured velocity values ​​and the theoretical velocity value, where the deviation of one of the measured velocity values ​​from the theoretical velocity value is expressed as: Another deviation between the measured speed value and the theoretical speed value is expressed as follows: If δ 2A ×≥5% or δ 2B If the flatness of the barcode carousel is ≥5%, it is determined that the flatness of the barcode carousel is abnormal; if δ 2A <5% and δ 2B If the value is less than 5%, proceed to step S2. S2, Distance Limit Test: The controller adjusts the Y-axis moving component and steps to adjust the working distance h between the fiber optic speed sensor and the barcode turntable. Real-time monitoring of signal strength; when the strength attenuates to an effective threshold, the minimum effective distance h of the fiber optic velocity sensor is recorded. min and the maximum effective distance h max The effective threshold is 70% of the standard signal strength of the fiber optic velocity sensor; S3, Temperature Limit Test: The PTC temperature control module in the temperature control unit regulates the temperature and simultaneously monitors the measured velocity values ​​of the two fiber optic velocity sensors. The lowest temperature T is recorded only when the relative error δ1 of the measured velocity values ​​of the two fiber optic velocity sensors is less than 3% and the deviations of both measured velocity values ​​from the theoretical velocity values ​​are both less than 5% (δ2). min And the highest effective operating temperature T max ; S4, Speed ​​Limit Test: The rotational speed of the Y-axis rotary motor and the movement distance of the fiber optic velocity sensor along the X-axis were coordinated and adjusted to record the maximum speed V of the fiber optic velocity sensor. max and minimum speed V min S5, Signal Strength Optimization: A genetic algorithm is used to solve for the parameter combination (T, w, d, h) that maximizes the signal strength of the fiber optic velocity sensor. Based on the parameter combination, the temperature T of the PTC temperature control module, the speed w of the Y-axis rotary motor, the displacement d of the fiber optic velocity sensor along the X-axis, and the displacement h of the fiber optic velocity sensor along the Y-axis are synchronously adjusted.

9. The fiber optic velocity sensor testing device according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step S5, the specific process of using a genetic algorithm to solve for the parameter combination that maximizes the signal strength of the fiber optic velocity sensor includes the following steps: S5.1 Define the optimal error function E best ; S5.1, Randomly generate a population with parameter combinations (T, w, d, h); S5.2 Sort the signal strength of each individual in the population and retain the top 30% of individuals by signal strength; S5.3 Randomly swap the remaining individuals and perturb their parameter values ​​with a 5% probability; S5.4 Calculate the measured velocity values ​​V of the two corresponding fiber optic velocity sensors based on the retained individuals. 0A and V 0B And calculate the corresponding objective function value. The obtained objective function value E and E best After comparison, the one that satisfies E is ultimately retained. <E best For all individuals that are ultimately retained, return to step S5.3 to continue the iterative loop until the maximum number of iterations is reached, and finally obtain the corresponding global maximum signal strength and the corresponding parameter combination.

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