Wide dynamic voltage transformer system and method for evaluating inertia and damping of power grid

Abstract

The invention discloses a wide dynamic voltage transformer system and method for power grid inertia and damping evaluation, and belongs to the technical field of power system measurement. The system comprises a signal amplification circuit and a dynamic adjustment module which are used for acquiring a voltage signal of a target element in a power system; the measuring element module is used for collecting the voltage signal; the filtering module is used for filtering the acquired voltage signal to obtain an interference-free voltage signal; and the acquisition module is used for recording a signal waveform when the non-interference voltage signal is transiently changed, generating dynamic data based on the signal waveform, and evaluating the inertia and damping of the power grid according to the dynamic data. According to the invention, high-precision and real-time detection of the voltage signal can be realized in a complex power grid environment, so that effective evaluation of inertia and damping characteristics of a power grid is supported.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of power system measurement, and more particularly, to a wide dynamic voltage transformer system and method for power grid inertia and damping evaluation. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rapid development of renewable energy sources such as wind power, photovoltaic, etc., the large-scale application of power electronic equipment is having a profound impact on the structure and operating characteristics of modern power grids. These factors have made the dynamic characteristics of the power grid more complex, specifically manifested in the reduction of power grid inertia, frequent changes in damping, etc. Changes in power grid inertia and damping have a significant impact on system stability, and if they cannot be effectively evaluated, it may cause frequency oscillation, system instability, etc.

[0003] In the traditional power grid environment, voltage transformers are usually used to measure voltage signals and monitor voltage fluctuations in power systems. However, existing voltage transformer technology has some limitations, such as:

[0004] 1. Insufficient dynamic range: Traditional voltage transformers are not fast enough in response when switching between different voltage amplitudes, making it difficult to adapt to the dynamic changes of voltage signals in complex environments.

[0005] 2. Limited anti-interference capability: High-frequency disturbances and noise in the power grid can affect the accuracy of voltage measurement, resulting in large measurement result deviations of the signal and making it difficult to provide accurate voltage dynamic characteristic data.

[0006] 3. Low measurement accuracy: Especially in the context of new energy grid connection with high-frequency disturbances and low inertia, traditional transformers often cannot achieve high-precision measurement requirements due to insufficient response speed and anti-interference capability.

[0007] The dynamic measurement of voltage signals in power grid environments with frequent changes in new energy access and load has higher requirements. The measurement accuracy and dynamic response speed of traditional voltage transformers have been difficult to meet actual needs, especially in high-frequency disturbance and strong noise environments. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a wide dynamic voltage transformer design method that can achieve high-precision, real-time detection of voltage signals in complex power grid environments to support effective evaluation of power grid inertia and damping characteristics. SUMMARY

[0008] To solve the above problems, the present application proposes a wide dynamic voltage transformer system for power grid inertia and damping evaluation, comprising:

[0009] A signal amplification circuit and a dynamic adjustment module are used to obtain the voltage signal of a target element in a power system.

[0010] A measurement element module is used to collect the voltage signal.

[0011] a filtering module for filtering the collected voltage signal to obtain an interference-free voltage signal;

[0012] a collecting module for recording a signal waveform when the interference-free voltage signal has a transient change, generating dynamic data based on the signal waveform, and evaluating the grid inertia and damping according to the dynamic data.

[0013] Optionally, the system further comprises:

[0014] a temperature compensation module for compensating errors of the interference-free voltage signal caused by temperature effects.

[0015] Optionally, the system further comprises:

[0016] a self-calibration mechanism module for periodically self-calibrating system parameters.

[0017] Optionally, the signal amplification circuit and the dynamic adjustment module adjust the gain by the amplitude of the voltage to avoid saturation distortion.

[0018] Optionally, the filtering module is built-in with an intelligent filtering and anti-interference algorithm.

[0019] The intelligent filtering and anti-interference algorithm adjusts the filtering parameters adaptively to suppress high-frequency noise and grid interference signals in the voltage signal.

[0020] Optionally, the collecting module determines the dynamic characteristics of the voltage signal based on the dynamic data, and evaluates the grid inertia and damping based on the dynamic characteristics.

[0021] In another aspect, the present application also provides a method for evaluating the grid inertia and damping using the wide dynamic voltage transformer system for evaluating the grid inertia and damping as described above, which comprises:

[0022] acquiring the voltage signal of the target element in the power system based on the signal amplification circuit and the dynamic adjustment module;

[0023] collecting the voltage signal based on the measuring element module;

[0024] filtering the collected voltage signal based on the filtering module to obtain an interference-free voltage signal;

[0025] recording the signal waveform when the interference-free voltage signal has a transient change based on the collecting module, generating dynamic data based on the signal waveform, and evaluating the grid inertia and damping according to the dynamic data.

[0026] Optionally, the method further comprises:

[0027] If the error of the non-interference voltage signal is caused by temperature influence, the temperature compensation module is used to compensate the error of the non-interference voltage signal.

[0028] Optionally, the method further comprises:

[0029] Based on the self-calibration mechanism module, the system parameters are periodically self-calibrated.

[0030] Optionally, the method further comprises:

[0031] The gain is adjusted by the amplitude of the voltage to avoid saturation distortion phenomenon.

[0032] Optionally, the filter module is built-in with an intelligent filtering and anti-interference algorithm.

[0033] The intelligent filtering and anti-interference algorithm adjusts the filtering parameter adaptively to suppress the high-frequency noise and power grid interference signal from the outside in the voltage signal.

[0034] Optionally, based on the dynamic data, the dynamic characteristics of the voltage signal are determined, and the power grid inertia and damping are evaluated based on the dynamic characteristics.

[0035] In still another aspect, the application further provides a computing device, comprising: one or more processors;

[0036] The processor is used to execute one or more programs.

[0037] When the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the method as described above is realized.

[0038] In still another aspect, the application further provides a computer readable storage medium, which has a computer program stored thereon, and the computer program is executed to realize the method as described above.

[0039] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:

[0040] The application provides a wide dynamic voltage transformer system for power grid inertia and damping evaluation, comprising: a signal amplification circuit and a dynamic adjustment module, used for acquiring a voltage signal of a target element in a power system; a measurement element module, used for collecting the voltage signal; a filtering module, used for filtering the collected voltage signal to obtain an interference-free voltage signal; a collection module, used for recording a signal waveform when the interference-free voltage signal occurs transient change, generating dynamic data based on the signal waveform, and evaluating power grid inertia and damping according to the dynamic data. The system can accurately measure the voltage signal through the processing and adjustment of the modules, and then evaluate the power grid inertia and damping through the voltage signal, so that the system can realize high-precision and real-time detection of the voltage signal in a complex power grid environment, thereby supporting effective evaluation of the power grid inertia and damping characteristics. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0041] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of the system of the application;

[0042] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the wide dynamic range circuit design of the system embodiment of the application;

[0043] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the intelligent filtering and anti-interference algorithm of the system embodiment of the application;

[0044] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the temperature compensation and self-calibration mechanism of the system embodiment of the application;

[0045] Figure 5 It is a flowchart of the system embodiment of the application;

[0046] Figure 6 It is a flowchart of the method of the application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] Exemplary embodiments of the application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which the application can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein, which are provided for thorough and complete disclosure of the application and to fully convey the scope of the application to those skilled in the art. The terms used in the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawings are not limited to the application. In the drawings, the same elements / elements are denoted by the same reference numerals.

[0048] Unless otherwise defined, the terms used herein (including technical terms) have the meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art. In addition, it should be understood that the terms defined in commonly used dictionaries should be understood to have meanings consistent with the context of the relevant art, and should not be understood as idealized or overly formal meanings.

[0049] Embodiment 1:

[0050] The application provides a wide dynamic voltage transformer system 100 for power grid inertia and damping evaluation, as shown in the figure, comprising: Figure 1

[0051] A signal amplification circuit and dynamic adjustment module 101 is used to acquire a voltage signal of a target element in a power system.

[0052] A measurement element module 102 is used to collect the voltage signal.

[0053] A filtering module 103 is used to filter the collected voltage signal to obtain an interference-free voltage signal.

[0054] A collection module 104 is used to record a signal waveform when the interference-free voltage signal is transiently changed, generate dynamic data based on the signal waveform, and evaluate the power grid inertia and damping according to the dynamic data.

[0055] The system further comprises:

[0056] A temperature compensation module 105 is used to compensate for errors of the interference-free voltage signal if the errors are caused by temperature influence.

[0057] The system further comprises:

[0058] A self-calibration mechanism module 106 is used to periodically self-calibrate system parameters.

[0059] The signal amplification circuit and dynamic adjustment module adjust the gain by the amplitude of the voltage to avoid saturation distortion.

[0060] The filtering module is internally provided with an intelligent filtering and anti-interference algorithm.

[0061] The intelligent filtering and anti-interference algorithm adjusts the filtering parameters adaptively to suppress high-frequency noise and power grid interference signals in the voltage signal.

[0062] The collection module determines the dynamic characteristics of the voltage signal according to the dynamic data and evaluates the power grid inertia and damping based on the dynamic characteristics.

[0063] ​The system of the present application aims to achieve high-precision voltage signal measurement in complex power system environment. The method innovatively uses wide dynamic range circuit design, intelligent filtering and anti-interference algorithm, low delay high bandwidth measurement element, temperature compensation and self-calibration mechanism, etc. to solve the shortcomings of traditional voltage transformer in dynamic response, measurement accuracy and anti-interference ability, so as to meet the demand of modern power grid for dynamic measurement of voltage signal. The specific invention contents include the following aspects:

[0064] Wide dynamic range circuit design:

[0065] The voltage transformer of the present application realizes wide dynamic range response by optimizing the circuit structure, adapts to a wide range of voltage fluctuations from low voltage to high voltage, and can work stably under different voltage levels and frequencies. Specifically, by using signal amplification circuit and dynamic adjustment module, the gain can be adjusted adaptively according to the amplitude of the voltage, avoiding saturation distortion phenomenon, and ensuring accurate measurement of high and low voltage signals in complex power grid environment. This design enables the transformer to operate stably in the environment of frequent access of new energy and frequent disturbance of power grid.

[0066] The wide dynamic range voltage transformer design proposed by the present application is to optimize the circuit structure, so that it can adapt to the dynamic change environment of different voltage levels and frequencies, and can work stably in a wide range from low voltage to high voltage. The main technical contents and working principles of this design are as follows: Figure 2

[0067] (1) Expansion of dynamic range:

[0068] The traditional voltage transformer has slow response when switching between different voltage levels, or cannot maintain accurate measurement under large amplitude voltage fluctuation. In order to expand the dynamic range of the voltage transformer, the present application designs a circuit that can automatically adjust the gain. This circuit can adapt to the rapid change of voltage amplitude from tens of volts to hundreds of volts in the power grid.

[0069] Automatic gain control (AGC): By using the automatic gain control (AGC) module, the circuit automatically adjusts the gain according to the strength of the input voltage signal to prevent saturation distortion of the signal at high voltage and ensure clear measurement of low voltage signals.

[0070] At low voltage: AGC will increase the gain to ensure that the voltage signal is not weakened or lost.

[0071] At high voltage: AGC will reduce the gain to prevent saturation or distortion caused by too strong signal.

[0072] This gain automatic adjustment mechanism enables the voltage transformer to work stably in a wide range of voltage, without being affected by high voltage or low voltage conditions. ​

[0073] (2) Signal amplification circuit:

[0074] A high-efficiency signal amplification circuit is designed to ensure accurate amplification of voltage signals within a wide dynamic range for subsequent measurement and processing.

[0075] Multi-stage amplification design: To cope with a wide dynamic range, the signal amplification circuit usually adopts a multi-stage amplification structure, and the gain of each stage of amplifier can be optimized and adjusted according to the strength of the input signal.

[0076] Low-noise design: Low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) are used to ensure that excessive noise or distortion is not introduced during signal amplification, especially at low voltage signals, to maintain the accuracy and purity of the signal.

[0077] (3) Saturation distortion suppression:

[0078] In an environment with large voltage changes, traditional voltage transformers may cause output signal saturation distortion due to excessive voltage. To avoid this problem, the invention designs a dynamic adjustment mechanism:

[0079] Gain limiting: When the input voltage signal is too strong, the gain will automatically decrease to avoid excessive voltage causing the output signal to exceed the working range of the circuit, ensuring linear response of the signal.

[0080] Saturation circuit design: By designing a special circuit structure to limit the maximum gain, it is ensured that saturation distortion will not occur even under extreme voltage conditions.

[0081] (4) Dynamic response optimization:

[0082] To ensure that the voltage transformer can quickly respond to rapid changes in the power grid, a fast-response circuit structure is designed to capture voltage signal changes in a short time and adjust the gain in real time.

[0083] Low-latency design: All parts of the circuit, including amplifiers, gain control modules, signal samplers, etc., use low-latency design to ensure fast transmission and response of voltage signals.

[0084] High-speed sampling: Combined with high-speed sampling technology, voltage signals can be quickly captured during dynamic changes, avoiding information loss or measurement lag.

[0085] (5) Circuit adaptive adjustment:

[0086] The circuit design used in this invention not only adjusts the gain rigidly, but also introduces intelligent adaptive algorithms, allowing the voltage transformer to automatically optimize circuit parameters under different power grid conditions to achieve optimal measurement performance.

[0087] Environment Perception Function: Through the environment perception module, the circuit can detect real-time changes in the power grid environment, including voltage frequency, fluctuation amplitude, etc., and automatically adjust the gain and other circuit parameters, so that the voltage signal is always in the best measurement state.

[0088] Self-learning Function: The circuit can gradually optimize its response characteristics according to different power grid operating states through a self-learning mechanism, improving measurement accuracy and adaptability.

[0089] (6) Design for adapting to high-frequency disturbances:

[0090] In the power grid, high-frequency disturbances and noise often occur, which can affect the measurement accuracy of the voltage signal. Therefore, the circuit also integrates anti-interference design, which can ensure that the measurement accuracy of the voltage signal is not affected by high-frequency interference in complex power grid environments.

[0091] High-frequency signal filtering: A filtering module is designed to automatically filter out high-frequency noise, ensuring that the signal is clearly and cleanly transmitted through the voltage transformer.

[0092] Anti-electromagnetic interference (EMI) design: Anti-electromagnetic interference circuit layout and shielding technology are used to reduce the impact of external interference on the voltage signal.

[0093] Wide dynamic range circuit design significantly expands the dynamic response capability of the voltage transformer through automatic gain control (AGC), signal amplification, gain limiting, low delay response, and adaptive adjustment. It can achieve high-precision voltage signal measurement in the case of frequent fluctuations in the power grid, changes in load, or the connection of new energy.

[0094] Low delay, high bandwidth measurement element:

[0095] In this invention, the voltage transformer uses high-performance low-delay and high-bandwidth measurement elements to ensure real-time and accurate voltage signal measurement in complex power grid environments. The low-delay characteristics of the measurement element can adapt to the dynamic changes of new energy access and frequent fluctuations in the power grid, providing fast response, so that the transformer has higher response speed and measurement accuracy in real-time evaluation of power grid inertia and damping.

[0096] Intelligent filtering and anti-interference algorithm:

[0097] In a complex power grid environment, due to the existence of power grid frequency fluctuation and noise, high-frequency interference often accompanies the voltage signal. Therefore, the present application designs an intelligent filtering and anti-interference algorithm, which can effectively suppress the high-frequency noise and power grid interference signals from the outside by adaptively adjusting the filtering parameters. This intelligent filter can automatically identify and filter the power grid noise, ensuring the purity of the voltage signal. The algorithm also has a self-learning function, which can continuously optimize the filtering parameters according to the changes of the power grid operating state, and improve the anti-interference performance. This feature makes the voltage transformer have stronger anti-interference ability in the complex power grid environment, ensuring the high precision of signal measurement.

[0098] In the power system, due to the wide application of power electronic equipment and the access of renewable energy, the voltage signal in the power grid is frequently affected by high-frequency noise and electromagnetic interference (EMI), which affects the accurate measurement of the voltage signal. Therefore, the intelligent filtering and anti-interference algorithm plays a crucial role in the voltage transformer of the present application. The algorithm aims to ensure the high-precision measurement of the voltage signal through accurate noise detection, filtering and adaptive optimization. The following is the specific design and implementation of the intelligent filtering and anti-interference algorithm of the present application, the principle is as shown in Figure 3 ;

[0099] (1) Adaptive filtering algorithm:

[0100] In order to cope with the complex dynamic interference environment in the power grid, the present application adopts a variety of adaptive filtering algorithms to ensure that the filter can adaptively adjust the parameters according to the changes of the environment and the signal, and maximize the suppression of noise while retaining the effective voltage signal. The main adaptive filtering algorithms used include:

[0101] Kalman filtering:

[0102] Kalman filtering is an optimal estimation filtering method, which is suitable for the case where Gaussian noise exists in the signal. It combines the prediction and measurement results of the signal to optimize the state estimation of the signal in real time, thereby effectively suppressing high-frequency noise.

[0103] Advantages: Kalman filtering can estimate the optimal state of the signal in real time, and is particularly suitable for the noise generated by power electronic equipment in the power grid. It is used to process random high-frequency noise and uncertain signals in the power grid, such as interference generated by frequency converters, switching power supplies and other equipment.

[0104] Least mean square error (LMS) adaptive filtering:

[0105] LMS algorithm adjusts the filter coefficients step by step by minimizing the sum of squares of errors, which can automatically adapt to different noise types.

[0106] Advantages: LMS algorithm is simple and computationally efficient, especially suitable for filtering high-frequency broadband noise.

[0107] Mainly used for broadband noise suppression caused by load fluctuations or electromagnetic interference (EMI) in the power grid.

[0108] Adaptive waveform adjustment filter (AWC):

[0109] AWC combines the advantages of adaptive filtering and waveform analysis, and can deal with non-stationary burst noise. It can adjust the filter structure in real time according to different types of noise in the power grid environment.

[0110] Advantages: Very good adaptability when dealing with transient noise (such as surges, impulse interference, etc.) in the power grid. Used for short-term, high-intensity power grid noise interference, such as high-frequency interference and surges.

[0111] (2) Noise detection and classification:

[0112] In order to efficiently suppress various noise signals in the power grid, the intelligent filtering system of the present application can accurately detect and classify noise types through frequency domain analysis, and adopt different filtering strategies respectively.

[0113] Frequency domain analysis and adaptive threshold detection:

[0114] Fourier transform (FFT): Through FFT, the voltage signal is converted from time domain to frequency domain, and the power grid signal is analyzed in frequency spectrum to identify the main frequency components in the power grid.

[0115] Adaptive threshold: Set a dynamic frequency threshold to automatically determine the noise frequency in the signal. This threshold will be adaptively adjusted according to the state of power load changes, external environmental factors and power fluctuations.

[0116] Harmonic interference detection and suppression:

[0117] Harmonic analysis: Through FFT analysis, identify the harmonic components (such as 3rd, 5th, 7th harmonics, etc.) in the power grid signal. For harmonic components, use band-stop filter to accurately suppress signals in these frequency ranges.

[0118] Band-stop filtering: Design a band-stop filter for harmonic frequencies in the power system to filter out interference signals in these specific frequency bands, ensuring that the effective components of the voltage signal are not affected.

[0119] Power frequency interference processing

[0120] Power frequency detection: Through spectral analysis, accurately detect the 50Hz or 60Hz power frequency interference components.

[0121] Band-pass filtering: Use band-pass filters to retain only the power frequency signals in the power grid and suppress other high-frequency or low-frequency interference. This ensures that the normal working frequency of the power grid is not mistakenly filtered out.

[0122] (3) Self-learning and optimization mechanism:

[0123] To further improve the adaptability and real-time performance of the algorithm, the invention uses a neural network-based self-learning mechanism, which enables the filtering system to automatically optimize the filtering parameters during long-term operation and adapt to changes in the power grid environment.

[0124] Adaptive neural network (ANN)

[0125] Input features: Real-time characteristics such as amplitude, frequency, and phase changes of power grid signals, as well as environmental data such as load, temperature, and new energy access from wind power and photovoltaic power.

[0126] Neural network structure: Use feedforward neural networks (FNN) to learn input data in real time, automatically adjust filter parameters, and optimize noise suppression effects.

[0127] Learning process: Learn through the backpropagation algorithm, automatically update network weights based on historical data and current operating conditions to adapt to different noise patterns in the power grid.

[0128] Real-time filter strategy adjustment:

[0129] Dynamic adjustment: Based on factors such as power grid load and environmental changes, adaptively optimize filter parameters (such as cutoff frequency, filter gain, etc.). The neural network will learn the power grid state in real time, optimize the filtering strategy, and improve the robustness and accuracy of the system.

[0130] (4) Multi-stage filter design:

[0131] To finely process different frequency range noise, the invention uses a multi-stage filter design. Multiple filters are connected in series according to frequency bands, effectively processing low-frequency and high-frequency noise.

[0132] Low-frequency noise processing (such as power frequency interference)

[0133] Use low-pass filters and band-stop filters to filter low-frequency signals, especially power frequency interference (50Hz or 60Hz).

[0134] Band-stop filters accurately suppress power frequency interference to prevent its impact on power grid stability.

[0135] High-frequency noise processing (such as electromagnetic interference, radio frequency noise)

[0136] Use high-pass filters to filter out high-frequency noise to prevent its impact on voltage signal accuracy.

[0137] A band-pass filter is used to retain the effective frequency range of the power grid, further improving the measurement accuracy.

[0138] Multiple order filters are connected in series

[0139] Multiple filters are combined as needed to adapt to different power grid interference situations. Each filter specifically handles interference in a specific frequency band, thereby achieving full-band protection of the power grid signal.

[0140] The intelligent filtering and anti-interference algorithm of the present invention effectively solves the problem of suppressing high-frequency noise and interference in the power grid through Kalman filtering, LMS adaptive filtering, adaptive waveform adjustment filter (AWC), adaptive neural network (ANN), and multi-order filter design. This algorithm can optimize filter parameters in real time according to the actual operating state of the power grid, ensuring accurate measurement of voltage signals and providing reliable data support for real-time evaluation of power grid inertia and damping.

[0141] Temperature compensation and self-calibration mechanism:

[0142] Traditional voltage transformers are susceptible to temperature changes and can produce measurement deviations. To solve this problem, the present invention integrates a temperature compensation and self-calibration mechanism into the design of the voltage transformer. The temperature compensation module can adjust output parameters in real time according to changes in external temperature, ensuring the stability of signal measurement under different temperature conditions; the self-calibration mechanism prevents measurement errors after long-term use by periodically automatically calibrating the device, ensuring long-term reliability and high precision of measurement. This design makes the voltage transformer more adaptable in complex environmental conditions.

[0143] Environmental factors, especially temperature, can significantly affect the performance of voltage transformers, especially in extreme temperature environments. Temperature changes can cause the parameters of internal components of the voltage transformer, such as sensors, amplifiers, and filters, to shift, affecting the accuracy and stability of voltage measurement. Therefore, the present invention designs a temperature compensation and self-calibration mechanism to ensure that the voltage transformer can operate stably under different environmental conditions and provide high-precision voltage measurement, as shown in Figure 4 ;

[0144] (1) Temperature compensation mechanism:

[0145] The temperature compensation mechanism monitors the ambient temperature in real time and adjusts the measurement parameters of the voltage transformer to ensure that the device can still maintain accurate measurement performance under temperature changes. The core idea is to automatically adjust the key parameters in the circuit according to the change in temperature to compensate for the error caused by temperature.

[0146] Working principle:

[0147] Ambient Temperature Detection: Temperature sensors (such as thermistors, temperature sensor ICs, etc.) are installed inside the voltage transformer to monitor the temperature changes in the surrounding environment in real-time.

[0148] Compensation Algorithm: The temperature changes are modeled in relation to the performance of the circuit through a compensation algorithm. The temperature data collected by the temperature sensors will be used as input to drive the compensation algorithm to dynamically adjust parameters (such as gain, filter response, etc.) in the voltage transformer.

[0149] Real-time Adjustment of Gain and Sensitivity: When the ambient temperature changes, the gain and sensitivity in the circuit will change. To maintain measurement accuracy, the compensation mechanism will automatically adjust the gain to compensate for the gain drift caused by temperature, ensuring that the output voltage signal is always accurate.

[0150] Temperature Drift Compensation: For example, when the temperature rises, the resistance value may change, affecting the measurement accuracy of the current or voltage. The temperature compensation module adjusts these circuit parameters in real time to avoid the adverse effects of temperature changes on the voltage signal.

[0151] Main Functions:

[0152] Compensation of Temperature-sensitive Components: For example, temperature changes may cause the sensitivity of the sensor to change, and the temperature compensation module will dynamically adjust the working state of the sensor to eliminate errors caused by temperature changes.

[0153] Gain Adjustment: When the temperature changes, the compensation system will dynamically adjust the gain of the amplifier to ensure the linearity and accuracy of the output voltage signal.

[0154] Enhanced Environmental Adaptability: Through temperature compensation, the device can adapt to different environmental conditions (such as extremely cold or high-temperature environments), avoiding the influence of environmental factors on measurement results.

[0155] (2) Self-calibration mechanism:

[0156] The self-calibration mechanism is designed to ensure that the voltage transformer maintains high-precision measurement functions over time. As time goes on, the measurement deviation of the voltage transformer may gradually increase due to factors such as component aging and temperature changes. The self-calibration mechanism corrects measurement errors through periodic automatic calibration, ensuring the long-term stability and accuracy of voltage measurement.

[0157] Working Principle:

[0158] Setting of Calibration Period: The built-in self-calibration module in the device will periodically start the self-calibration process, automatically measure the system error, and adjust the measurement parameters according to the calibration results. This process can be performed during device operation, ensuring that calibration does not affect real-time voltage measurement.

[0159] Standard Signal Comparison: The self-calibration module compares the system's output with a known standard signal (e.g., from an external standard voltage source) to calculate the system's deviation. In this way, the system can accurately correct measurement errors.

[0160] Automatic Adjustment: The calibration process typically involves adjusting parameters such as the sensor's zero point, gain, filter, and other components. The self-calibration mechanism automatically adjusts these parameters based on the comparison results, eliminating errors that occur over time.

[0161] Compensation for Cumulative Errors: As the device is used over time, the sensor's accuracy may gradually degrade due to aging. The self-calibration mechanism ensures that the device maintains high accuracy throughout its life cycle by periodically detecting and correcting errors.

[0162] Main Functions:

[0163] Regular Self-Calibration: The device automatically performs a calibration process at regular intervals (e.g., every 24 hours or after every thousand hours of operation) to ensure long-term stability.

[0164] Calibration Feedback Mechanism: The system feeds back the measurement results after each calibration to the self-calibration module, which optimizes the next calibration process based on the feedback. Through this feedback mechanism, the calibration process adapts to the device's usage environment and operating state.

[0165] Dynamic Adjustment and Compensation: During the calibration process, errors caused by environmental changes or aging are compensated for to ensure the accuracy of the device's output signal.

[0166] Steps of Self-Calibration:

[0167] 1. Signal Acquisition: Real-time monitoring of the device's performance is achieved by acquiring the output signal of the voltage transformer.

[0168] 2. Comparison and Calibration: The acquired signal is compared with the standard signal to calculate the measurement error.

[0169] 3. Parameter Adjustment: Key parameters (such as gain, zero point, sensitivity, etc.) in the system are adjusted based on the error results to ensure that the output signal matches the standard signal.

[0170] 4. Feedback Optimization: The data after calibration is fed back to the control system to further optimize the device's performance.

[0171] (3) Temperature Compensation and Self-Calibration Mechanism Collaboration:

[0172] Temperature compensation and self-calibration mechanisms work closely together in voltage transformers to ensure that the device always maintains high-precision measurement under various environmental conditions:

[0173] System errors caused by temperature changes can be adjusted in time through temperature compensation mechanisms.

[0174] The accuracy of the device is periodically corrected through a self-calibration mechanism, eliminating errors accumulated over long-term use.

[0175] Both work together to ensure that the voltage transformer can cope with uncertainties caused by external temperature fluctuations, device aging, and other factors, ensuring the accuracy and stability of power grid data measurement.

[0176] (4) Advantages and applications:

[0177] High precision: Through temperature compensation and self-calibration, the voltage transformer can provide high-precision voltage measurement results.

[0178] Environmental adaptability: It can maintain stable performance in extreme temperature environments, ensuring that the device can work normally in different environments.

[0179] Long-term stability: The self-calibration mechanism can compensate for errors caused by device aging and long-term use, extending the service life of the device and ensuring the long-term accuracy of the voltage signal.

[0180] Automation: Both are automated processes that do not require human intervention, reducing the workload of device maintenance and improving system reliability.

[0181] High-precision data acquisition and dynamic characteristic analysis:

[0182] The voltage transformer of the present invention has a built-in high-precision data acquisition module that can accurately record signal waveforms when voltage signals undergo transient changes, supporting dynamic characteristic analysis. The high-quality voltage dynamic data output by the acquisition module can be used for real-time evaluation of grid inertia and damping, providing reliable data support for grid stability analysis. At the same time, the built-in dynamic characteristic analysis function can quickly and accurately evaluate the dynamic characteristics of grid inertia and damping based on the acquired voltage data, providing key technical support for dynamic stability decision-making of the power grid.

[0183] The invention mainly reflects the following aspects:

[0184] Significantly improve the accuracy and dynamic response speed of voltage measurement:

[0185] Through the design of a wide dynamic range circuit and the application of low-delay high-bandwidth measurement elements, the voltage transformer of the present invention can achieve fast response and high-precision voltage signal measurement in new energy access and complex power grid environments with frequent fluctuations, meeting the high requirements of grid dynamic characteristic analysis for real-time data.

[0186] Greatly enhanced anti-interference performance:

[0187] Traditional voltage transformers are difficult to effectively cope with high-frequency interference in complex power grids. The present application realizes effective suppression of high-frequency noise and power grid interference signals through the innovative design of intelligent filtering and anti-interference algorithms, and can maintain the purity of the measurement signal in complex environments, thereby ensuring the high precision of voltage signal measurement. This adaptive adjustment function significantly improves the anti-interference ability of the device, ensuring that the transformer can still work normally in a high-noise environment.

[0188] Good environmental adaptability:

[0189] Through the integration of temperature compensation and self-calibration mechanism, the voltage transformer of the present application can still maintain stable measurement accuracy under temperature changes and long-term working conditions, effectively avoiding the influence of environmental temperature changes on the measurement results, and improving the service life and long-term measurement reliability of the device.

[0190] Supporting power grid dynamic characteristic evaluation, improving the level of power grid stability analysis:

[0191] The built-in high-precision data acquisition and dynamic characteristic analysis module enables the voltage transformer of the present application to record power grid voltage dynamic characteristic data in real time, accurately evaluate the power grid inertia and damping, and provide high-quality data support for dynamic stability analysis of the power grid. This real-time dynamic evaluation function helps to improve the stability analysis level of the power grid and enhances the dynamic monitoring and stability control ability of the power grid.

[0192] To better illustrate the application of the wide dynamic voltage transformer of the present application in actual power grid environment, the following will demonstrate its accurate measurement process of voltage signal in the case of new energy grid connection and power grid frequent disturbance through specific examples, and expound the advantages of this design in dynamic response, anti-interference and high-precision measurement.

[0193] Application scenario: power grid voltage signal detection in new energy access environment:

[0194] In the complex power grid with new energy access, frequent voltage fluctuations and harmonic interference pose a serious challenge to the stability of the power grid. At this time, a high-precision voltage transformer that can adapt to wide dynamic range voltage fluctuations and respond quickly is needed. This embodiment takes wind farm grid connection as an example to demonstrate the specific application of the voltage transformer of the present application.

[0195] The implementation process, as shown in Figure 5 , includes:

[0196] Step 1: signal input and amplification;

[0197] During wind power grid connection, due to unstable wind, the voltage of the power grid fluctuates frequently. The input end of the voltage transformer receives the varying voltage signal caused by wind fluctuation.

[0198] The signal enters the wide dynamic range amplification circuit, and the gain is adjusted in real time through automatic gain control (AGC), ensuring that the output end remains linearly responsive even if the voltage fluctuates greatly.

[0199] For example, if the input voltage rises from a low voltage of tens of volts to a high voltage interval of hundreds of volts, the AGC will automatically reduce the gain to avoid signal saturation distortion; if the voltage drops to a lower interval, the AGC will automatically increase the gain to ensure clear measurement of low voltage signals.

[0200] Step 2: Low delay, high bandwidth measurement;

[0201] Wind power grid connection may cause voltage disturbance with fast frequency change, at which time the low delay high bandwidth measurement element starts to ensure that the voltage signal can be accurately sampled and transmitted in a very short time, meeting the high response speed demand for dynamic monitoring of grid voltage signals in the environment of wind power access.

[0202] For example, when the frequency changes rapidly, the sampling frequency of the voltage transformer is set between tens of kHz and hundreds of kHz to ensure that high-frequency disturbance signals can be accurately captured, realizing high-bandwidth real-time measurement.

[0203] Step 3: Intelligent filtering and anti-interference processing;

[0204] Due to the existence of harmonics and high-frequency noise in the operation of wind turbines, the intelligent filtering and anti-interference algorithm in the invention starts to filter and process the signal. The filter first adjusts the filtering parameters through an adaptive algorithm to suppress high-frequency interference caused by harmonics.

[0205] The intelligent filter automatically identifies and filters out interference signals according to the current grid state, maintaining the purity of the original voltage signal. For example, when detecting interference signals in a specific frequency range, the filter will automatically enhance the suppression effect in the interference frequency band, further improving the anti-interference ability.

[0206] Step 4: Temperature compensation and self-calibration;

[0207] In high-altitude or cold regions, the temperature variation range of the wind farm is large, which may affect the measurement accuracy of the voltage transformer. Therefore, the voltage transformer detects the ambient temperature in real time and adjusts the gain parameters through the built-in temperature compensation mechanism.

[0208] The temperature compensation module uses high-precision temperature sensors to obtain the environmental temperature variation, automatically adjusts the gain and other key parameters of the transformer, and avoids measurement errors caused by temperature fluctuations.

[0209] In addition, the self-calibration mechanism will automatically calibrate after the device runs for a certain period of time, ensuring the measurement accuracy in long-term use. For example, the transformer can be automatically calibrated every 24 hours to prevent internal drift caused by long use time.

[0210] Step 5: High-precision data acquisition and dynamic characteristic analysis;

[0211] After the above signal amplification, anti-interference and temperature compensation processing is completed, the voltage transformer transmits the signal to the data acquisition module. The high-precision sampling of the data acquisition module ensures the capture of the instantaneous change of the voltage signal, providing real data for the inertia and damping evaluation of the power grid.

[0212] The collected data is analyzed by the dynamic characteristic analysis module, which calculates the inertia and damping of the power grid in real time and evaluates the impact of new energy grid connection on the stability of the power grid. The dynamic characteristic analysis module can output key indicators such as voltage fluctuation rate and inertia change trend, and transmit them to the monitoring center to provide reliable basis for power grid stability decision-making.

[0213] Application effects, including:

[0214] Implementation effect 1: accurate measurement and wide dynamic response;

[0215] Through the circuit design of wide dynamic range and automatic gain control, the voltage transformer of the present application can accurately measure the voltage fluctuation signal from tens of volts to hundreds of volts, unaffected by the voltage amplitude change brought by new energy access. Whether in low voltage or high voltage, it can maintain linear output, meeting the measurement demand of wide dynamic range.

[0216] Implementation effect 2: high response speed and high bandwidth;

[0217] Low delay and high bandwidth measurement elements ensure fast response in the complex dynamic environment of wind power grid connection, accurately capturing the instantaneous fluctuation of voltage frequency, improving the real-time and accuracy of measurement. Even in the case of sharp change of voltage frequency, it can quickly respond and maintain high precision output.

[0218] Implementation effect 3: strong anti-interference ability;

[0219] Through intelligent filtering and anti-interference algorithm, harmonics and noise in wind power operation are effectively filtered out, ensuring the purity and accuracy of voltage signal measurement. In the case of high-frequency interference and noise, the intelligent filter can adaptively adjust in real time, effectively improving the anti-interference ability.

[0220] Implementation effect 4: environmental adaptability and long-term stability;

[0221] Through the temperature compensation and self-calibration mechanism, the voltage transformer of the application can maintain measurement accuracy in an environment with a large temperature variation range, ensuring long-term stable operation of the equipment. This mechanism is particularly suitable for cold, high-temperature or high-altitude environments, enabling the equipment to adapt to diverse environmental requirements.

[0222] Implementation effect 5: dynamic characteristic evaluation and stability analysis;

[0223] The dynamic characteristic analysis module can output key data such as grid inertia and damping characteristics in real time, providing support for dynamic stability analysis of the grid. This function provides a scientific basis for stability evaluation of the grid, helping to achieve stability control in a grid with frequent new energy access, and improving the safety and operational reliability of the grid.

[0224] Through this embodiment, the application effect of the voltage transformer of the application in the new energy access environment can be clearly seen. The wide dynamic voltage transformer of the application has significant advantages in real-time response, anti-interference, environmental adaptability, etc., providing reliable technical support for voltage signal measurement and dynamic characteristic evaluation in modern complex grid environments.

[0225] Embodiment 2:

[0226] The application also proposes a wide dynamic voltage transformer system for grid inertia and damping evaluation, and a method for evaluating grid inertia and damping, as shown in Figure 6 , comprising:

[0227] Step 1: Based on the signal amplification circuit and the dynamic adjustment module, the voltage signal of the target element in the power system is obtained;

[0228] Step 2: Based on the measurement element module, the voltage signal is collected;

[0229] Step 3: Based on the filter module, the collected voltage signal is filtered to obtain an interference-free voltage signal;

[0230] Step 4: Based on the acquisition module, record the signal waveform when the interference-free voltage signal occurs transient change, generate dynamic data based on the signal waveform, and evaluate the grid inertia and damping according to the dynamic data.

[0231] Among them, the method further comprises:

[0232] If the interference-free voltage signal has errors due to temperature effects, the temperature compensation module is used to compensate for errors in the interference-free voltage signal.

[0233] Among them, the method further comprises:

[0234] Based on the self-calibration mechanism module, periodically self-calibrate system parameters.

[0235] The method further comprises:

[0236] The gain is adjusted by the amplitude of the voltage to avoid saturation distortion.

[0237] The filter module is built-in with an intelligent filtering and anti-interference algorithm.

[0238] The intelligent filtering and anti-interference algorithm adjusts the filtering parameters adaptively to suppress high-frequency noise and power grid interference signals from the outside in the voltage signal.

[0239] The dynamic characteristics of the voltage signal are determined according to the dynamic data, and the power grid inertia and damping are evaluated based on the dynamic characteristics.

[0240] Embodiment 3:

[0241] Based on the same inventive concept, the application further provides a computer device, which comprises a processor and a memory, the memory is used to store a computer program, the computer program comprises program instructions, and the processor is used to execute the program instructions stored in the computer storage medium. The processor can be a central processing unit (CPU), and can also be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gates or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. It is the computing core and control core of the terminal, which is suitable for implementing one or more instructions, specifically suitable for loading and executing one or more instructions in the computer storage medium to realize the corresponding method process or corresponding function, so as to realize the steps of the method in the above embodiments.

[0242] Embodiment 4:

[0243] Based on the same inventive concept, the present application also provides a storage medium, specifically a computer readable storage medium (Memory), which is a memory device in a computer device, used for storing programs and data. It can be understood that the computer readable storage medium herein can include an internal storage medium in the computer device, and of course can also include an extended storage medium supported by the computer device. The computer readable storage medium provides a storage space, which stores an operating system of the terminal. In addition, one or more instructions suitable for being loaded and executed by the processor are also stored in the storage space, and the instructions can be one or more computer programs (including program codes). It should be noted that the computer readable storage medium herein can be a high-speed RAM memory, or a non-volatile memory such as at least one disk memory. One or more instructions stored in the computer readable storage medium can be loaded and executed by the processor to realize the steps of the method in the above embodiments.

[0244] Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of the present application can be provided as a method, a system, or a computer program product. Therefore, the present application can take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Moreover, the present application can take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROMs, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code. The solutions in the embodiments of the present application can be implemented in various computer languages, such as the object-oriented programming language Java and the interpreted scripting language JavaScript.

[0245] The present application is described with reference to flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the method, device (system), and computer program product according to the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each flow and / or block in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams, and the combination of the flows and / or blocks in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device produce a device that implements the functions specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 The functions specified in one or more flows and / or blocks Figure 1 The means for implementing the functions specified in one or more flows and / or blocks.

[0246] These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer- readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instructions which implement the Figure 1 function specified in the flow or flows and / or blocks Figure 1 of the block or blocks.

[0247] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the Figure 1 function specified in the flow or flows and / or blocks Figure 1 of the block or blocks.

[0248] While the preferred embodiments of the application have been described, additional variations and modifications can be made to the embodiments by those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to encompass within their scope all such variations and modifications as are included within the scope of the application.

[0249] Obviously, numerous modifications and variations of the present application are possible in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents, the application can be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.

Claims

1. A wide dynamic range voltage transformer system for evaluating power grid inertia and damping, characterized in that, include: Signal amplification circuit and dynamic adjustment module are used to acquire voltage signals of target components in a power system; A measurement element module is used to acquire the voltage signal; The filtering module is used to filter the acquired voltage signal to obtain an interference-free voltage signal. The acquisition module is used to record the signal waveform when the voltage signal undergoes transient changes without interference, generate dynamic data based on the signal waveform, and evaluate the grid inertia and damping based on the dynamic data.

2. The wide dynamic range voltage transformer system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes: The temperature compensation module compensates for errors in the interference-free voltage signal if temperature causes errors in the signal.

3. The wide dynamic range voltage transformer system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes: The self-calibration mechanism module is used to periodically self-calibrate system parameters.

4. The wide dynamic range voltage transformer system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The signal amplification circuit and dynamic adjustment module adjust the gain by adjusting the voltage amplitude to avoid saturation distortion.

5. The wide dynamic range voltage transformer system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The filtering module has built-in intelligent filtering and anti-interference algorithms; The intelligent filtering and anti-interference algorithm adaptively adjusts the filtering parameters to suppress high-frequency noise and power grid interference signals from the outside in the voltage signal.

6. The wide dynamic range voltage transformer system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The acquisition module determines the dynamic characteristics of the voltage signal based on the dynamic data, and evaluates the grid inertia and damping based on the dynamic characteristics.

7. A method for evaluating grid inertia and damping using any one of the wide dynamic voltage transformer systems as described in claims 1-6, characterized in that... include: Based on signal amplification circuits and dynamic adjustment modules, the voltage signals of target components in the power system are acquired; The voltage signal is acquired based on the measurement element module; The collected voltage signal is filtered using the filtering module to obtain an interference-free voltage signal. Based on the acquisition module, the signal waveform of the voltage signal undergoing transient changes without interference is recorded. Dynamic data is generated based on the signal waveform, and the inertia and damping of the power grid are evaluated based on the dynamic data.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The method further includes: If temperature causes errors in the interference-free voltage signal, the temperature compensation module will compensate for these errors.

9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The method further includes: Based on the self-calibration mechanism module, the system parameters are periodically self-calibrated.

10. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The method further includes: Gain is adjusted by the voltage amplitude to avoid saturation distortion.

11. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The filtering module has built-in intelligent filtering and anti-interference algorithms; The intelligent filtering and anti-interference algorithm adaptively adjusts the filtering parameters to suppress high-frequency noise and power grid interference signals from the outside in the voltage signal.

12. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, Based on the dynamic data, the dynamic characteristics of the voltage signal are determined, and the grid inertia and damping are evaluated based on the dynamic characteristics.

13. A computer device, characterized in that, include: One or more processors; A processor is used to execute one or more programs; When the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the method described in any one of claims 7-12 is implemented.

14. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, It contains a computer program, which, when executed, implements the method as described in any one of claims 7-12.

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