Safety electricity utilization protector
By employing a dual-processor architecture consisting of an ARM Cortex-M7 and an FPGA, combined with technologies such as dynamic potential compensators and zero-arc current limiting modules, this system solves various problems in existing electrical safety protection systems. It enables the suppression of electric arcs and sparks and the accurate differentiation between human electric shock and equipment leakage without power interruption. It adapts to complex environments, provides intelligent detection and alarms, and ensures electrical safety and personal safety.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511282397.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-09
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-21
AI Technical Summary
Existing electrical safety protection systems suffer from problems such as crude protection methods, poor power supply continuity, significant arc hazards, low level of intelligence, limited functionality, inability to cope with complex faults and environments, response speed reaching physical limits, and inability to handle grounding faults.
It adopts a dual-processor architecture consisting of ARM Cortex-M7 and FPGA, combined with a dynamic potential compensator, a zero-arc current limiting module, a multi-parameter sensor array, a water immersion detection electrode, and a communication and alarm unit to achieve real-time monitoring and precise protection.
It enables the suppression of electric arcs and sparks without power interruption, distinguishes between electric shock to the human body and leakage of equipment, adapts to complex environments, responds quickly to short-circuit faults, provides intelligent detection and alarms, and ensures electrical safety and personal safety.
Smart Images
Figure CN120999523A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of electrical equipment protection technology, specifically, it relates to a safe electrical protection device. Background Technology
[0002] Existing electrical safety protection systems mainly consist of simple combinations of independent devices such as mechanical circuit breakers, residual current devices (RCDs), and overvoltage / undervoltage protectors. These technologies suffer from the following inherent defects and pressing technical challenges: 1. The protection method is crude, resulting in poor power supply continuity: Existing residual current devices (RCDs) and circuit breakers all employ a "tripping" mechanism. Once a fault (such as leakage, short circuit, or overload) is detected, the power supply is immediately cut off. This leads to unplanned power outages, severely impacting the continuous operation of critical loads such as data centers, production lines, and medical equipment, causing significant economic losses and safety risks.
[0003] 2. Electric arc hazards are prominent, posing a significant risk of electrical fires: Mechanical circuit breakers have a slow breaking speed, inevitably generating strong electric arcs when interrupting short-circuit currents. This is one of the leading causes of electrical fires. Current technology cannot suppress or eliminate electric arcs without interrupting power supply.
[0004] 3. Blind spots exist in personal protection, and the level of intelligence is low: RCD operates based on a fixed current threshold and cannot distinguish between electric shock to a person and normal leakage current from equipment.
[0005] 4. Limited functionality, unable to handle complex faults and environments: Traditional protectors operate independently, lacking coordination. A single device cannot simultaneously handle multiple faults such as leakage, short circuit, overvoltage, undervoltage, and surge.
[0006] It has no self-adaptive ability in special environments such as immersion, and will trip or cause more serious accidents when it comes into contact with water.
[0007] 5. The response speed has reached the physical limit: The operating time of mechanical mechanisms is difficult to shorten significantly, and cannot meet the need for faster suppression of instantaneous short-circuit currents and arcs.
[0008] 6. Unable to handle grounding faults: The only way to deal with a single-phase metallic grounding fault is to trip the circuit breaker; there is no ability to "operate with the fault". Summary of the Invention
[0009] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this invention is to provide a safe electrical protection device.
[0010] To achieve the aforementioned objectives, the present invention employs the following technical solution: a safe electrical protection device, comprising: The main control module consists of a dual-processor architecture composed of an ARM Cortex-M7 and an FPGA (M7 is responsible for logic, and FPGA is responsible for microsecond-level response). The dynamic potential compensator includes a three-phase full-bridge inverter (which generates a three-phase signal through virtual three-phase technology even if the input is single-phase). Its input is connected to the power supply network, and its output is connected in series between the neutral line and the ground line of the equipment through a neutral point reconfiguration transformer. The dynamic potential compensator is controlled by an FPGA. The dynamic potential compensator monitors the voltage of each phase in real time and injects it into the neutral-ground circuit through the neutral point reconfiguration transformer. The zero-flying-arc current limiting module is composed of wide-bandgap semiconductor switching devices connected in series in the phase line circuit of the power supply network for microsecond-level arc extinguishing and short-circuit protection. The zero-flying-arc current limiting module includes a SiC MOSFET switching array and a magnetic blowout arc extinguishing chamber. A multi-parameter sensor array is used to acquire real-time information on the voltage, current, insulation resistance, temperature, and water immersion status of the power grid. It includes a current sensor with a sampling rate of 1MHz, connected in series on the phase line of the main power path. The insulation resistance detection module outputs a 1kHz sine wave scanning signal, uses high-frequency pulse scanning to measure the insulation resistance to ground, and simultaneously analyzes the current waveform characteristics using an FFT algorithm. The PT1000 resistance temperature detector (RTD) sensor is a surface-mount device that attaches to the metal surface or heat sink of critical nodes. After the current sensor detects a short circuit, the FPGA directly drives all SiC MOSFET switch arrays to turn off, and the fault current is transferred to the magnetic blowout arc extinguishing chamber for forced cooling and arc extinguishing. The immersion detection electrode has dual titanium alloy probes, which are arranged on the inner side of the bottom of the protected electrical appliance. A 0.5V / 1kHz AC signal is applied through the immersion electrode to measure conductivity and capacitance. The communication and alarm unit is used to remotely alarm when a fault occurs. The communication and alarm unit is equipped with a GSM module and a LoRa module. When a short circuit fault occurs, it sends alarm information to the local gateway through the LoRa self-organizing network. If the LoRa network is unavailable, it sends a TTS voice alarm call and a text message containing GPS coordinates to a preset mobile phone through the GSM network. The human-computer interaction unit is used for parameter display and device settings; Power module: Wide voltage input (85V-275V) switching power supply to power internal circuits; The zero-arc current limiting module, multi-parameter sensor array, immersion detection electrode, and communication and alarm unit are all connected to the main control module.
[0011] This invention dynamically generates a virtual neutral point and applies a reverse compensation voltage to bring the fault phase potential close to zero during a ground fault, thus eliminating the electric arc. At the same time, it uses high-frequency pulse scanning and machine learning algorithms to distinguish between human touch and equipment leakage, achieving precise protection.
[0012] Furthermore, the dynamic potential compensator includes a three-phase full-bridge inverter circuit. Even if the power supply network is single-phase, the FPGA controls the inverter circuit to output three-phase signals through a virtual three-phase generation algorithm.
[0013] Furthermore, when the FPGA detects that the rate of change of current di / dt exceeds a preset threshold, it directly controls the SiC MOSFET switch array to turn off within 1 microsecond and guides the generated arc to the magnetic blowout arc extinguishing chamber for cooling and extinguishing.
[0014] Furthermore, the operating method of the dynamic potential compensator includes: S1. When a single-phase metallic grounding is detected in the power supply network, the fault voltage and current at the grounding point are calculated in real time. S5. Control the inverter circuit to output a compensation voltage that is out of phase with the fault voltage but related in amplitude. , The calculation formula is: in, For the fault phase voltage, For load resistance, Grounding resistance; S3. By reconfiguring the transformer at the neutral point: Injecting a zero-to-ground loop makes the potential of the fault point relative to ground approach zero, thus ensuring uninterrupted power supply to the ground and a fault current of less than 30mA.
[0015] Traditional leakage protection devices trip directly when there is a metallic grounding, which cannot prevent power outages. The product of this invention achieves electrical safety protection (anti-arc fire) when the fault phase voltage is canceled to near 0V, the grounding current is suppressed to <30mA, and no electric arc is generated.
[0016] Furthermore, the current waveform characteristics include defining human touch characteristics and current surges. >10A / ms and the waveform contains a 50Hz fundamental frequency plus high-frequency harmonics caused by human body capacitance. Preprocessing is performed on the FPGA, and machine learning is used to classify and distinguish in real time: human touch - label 1. Equipment leakage - Tag 2, Initiate surge - tag 3, Action: Only when classified as human touch, the voltage will be reduced to a safe range (current <10mA) within 10ms.
[0017] Traditional RCDs cannot distinguish between human electric shock (which requires rapid power disconnection) and equipment leakage (which is tolerable). The product of this invention is designed to reduce the voltage to a safe range (current <10mA) within 10ms only when it is classified as human contact, thereby achieving personal safety protection (anti-electric shock).
[0018] Furthermore, the immersion detection electrode includes a 0.5V / 1kHz AC signal applied through the immersion electrode to measure conductivity G and capacitance C. Set parameters, Tap water: G < 100 μS / cm, C > 100 p (due to fewer ions but higher dielectric constant). Saline solution: G > 5 mS / cm, C < 50 pF action: Weakly conductive water: Activate 0 potential processing (dynamic compensator forces output of voltage opposite to that of the live wire, so that the potential of the water area is ≈0). Highly conductive water: If this is deemed a short circuit risk, immediately disconnect the power.
[0019] Water environments have different electrical conductivity, so it is necessary to distinguish between tap water / rainwater (weak conductivity) and salt water (strong conductivity). This invention has the function of preventing electric shock when submerged in water.
[0020] Furthermore, the insulation resistance measurement algorithm of the insulation resistance detection module includes: injecting a 1kHz sine wave. Measuring ground wire current ,but ,in, Displaying U, I, P on a TFT screen When a short circuit occurs, the GSM module dials a preset phone number (using TTS voice synthesis) and sends an SMS message (including time, fault type, and GPS coordinates).
[0021] Furthermore, it also includes voltage regulation and over / under voltage protection. The voltage regulation adopts a Buck-Boost circuit, and the duty cycle D is adjusted to stabilize the output at 220V±5%. Over / under voltage protection points: undervoltage 180V, overvoltage 260V.
[0022] Furthermore, it also includes overload protection and power calculation: , This represents the instantaneous voltage value acquired at the k-th discrete sampling point. This represents the instantaneous current value collected at the same k-th discrete sampling point (to avoid erroneous motor startup).
[0023] Overload point: Rated power +10%, power off after 500ms delay.
[0024] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention include: 1. Electrical safety protection: A single-phase metallic grounding short circuit in a 220V power grid will not cause a power outage and will not cause electric arc sparks, thus preventing electrical fire accidents.
[0025] 2. Personal safety protection: When a single-phase human body comes into contact with a 220V power supply, the current passing through the human body is lower than the specified safe current of 10mA, and the person can be freed from the power source without causing injury or death.
[0026] 3. Preventing leakage current: This device can limit leakage current in the power grid. When a single-phase metallic ground fault occurs in the power grid, the ground fault current is less than 30mA.
[0027] 4. Intelligent detection and alarm: Real-time detection of equipment output voltage, current, total load power, insulation resistance to ground and temperature, etc., and real-time display of parameter information, setting information and fault alarm information on a large screen.
[0028] 5. Arc extinguishing function: When a short circuit fault occurs, it can quickly limit the short circuit current at a microsecond speed to achieve arc extinguishing protection, thereby significantly reducing heat and arc sparks.
[0029] 6. Voltage stabilization, undervoltage, and overvoltage protection: When the line voltage is unstable, it can be stabilized at 200-250±5%. When the line voltage is too low or too high, the equipment will be de-energized to protect the electrical equipment and lines.
[0030] 7. Immersion protection against electric shock: When the circuit is in a damp or submerged environment (tap water or ordinary rainwater), the device automatically performs 0-potential processing to ensure normal circuit operation and prevent leakage current exceeding 30mA. Salt water or other highly conductive liquids will provide short-circuit protection. Attached Figure Description
[0031] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit flow of a safe electrical protection device according to the present invention; Detailed Implementation
[0033] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the inventors of this invention, through long-term research and extensive practice, have proposed the technical solution of this invention. The technical solution, its implementation process, and principles will be further explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation examples in the embodiments of this application.
[0034] It should be noted that the embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. The described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, the present invention covers any substitutions, modifications, equivalent methods and solutions made on the spirit, principles and scope of the present invention as defined by the claims. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0035] In the description of this application, the terms "first," "second," "third," and similar words do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Similarly, the terms "a" or "one," and similar words, do not indicate a quantity limitation, but rather indicate the presence of at least one. The terms "comprising" or "including," and similar words, mean that the elements or objects preceding "comprising" or "including" encompass the elements or objects listed following "comprising" or "including," and their equivalents, but do not exclude other elements or objects. The terms "connected" or "linked," and similar words, are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect.
[0036] In the description of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the technical or scientific terms used shall have the ordinary meaning understood by a person with ordinary skills in the art to which this application pertains. Terms such as “installation,” “connection,” and “joining” shall be interpreted broadly, for example, as fixed connection, detachable connection, mating connection, or integral connection. For a person skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.
[0037] The present invention aims to introduce and explain the structural composition of a safe electrical protection device and the cooperation relationship between the various components. Unless otherwise specified, the dimensions, materials and manufacturing processes of the various components in the safe electrical protection device in the present invention can be selected according to specific circumstances, and no special limitations or explanations are made here.
[0038] Furthermore, to provide the public with a better understanding of the present invention, certain specific details are described in detail in the following description of the invention. However, those skilled in the art will fully understand the invention even without these detailed descriptions.
[0039] Example 1 Combination Figure 1 A safety electrical protection device, comprising: The main control module consists of a dual-processor architecture composed of an ARM Cortex-M7 and an FPGA (M7 is responsible for logic, and FPGA is responsible for microsecond-level response). The dynamic potential compensator includes a three-phase full-bridge inverter (which generates a three-phase signal through virtual three-phase technology even if the input is single-phase). Its input is connected to the power supply network, and its output is connected in series between the neutral line and the ground line of the equipment through a neutral point reconfiguration transformer. The dynamic potential compensator is controlled by an FPGA. The dynamic potential compensator monitors the voltage of each phase in real time and injects it into the neutral-ground circuit through the neutral point reconfiguration transformer. The zero-flying-arc current limiting module is composed of wide-bandgap semiconductor switching devices connected in series in the phase line circuit of the power supply network for microsecond-level arc extinguishing and short-circuit protection. The zero-flying-arc current limiting module includes a SiC MOSFET switching array and a magnetic blowout arc extinguishing chamber. A multi-parameter sensor array is used to acquire real-time information on the voltage, current, insulation resistance, temperature, and water immersion status of the power grid. It includes a current sensor with a sampling rate of 1MHz, connected in series on the phase line of the main power path. The insulation resistance detection module outputs a 1kHz sine wave scanning signal, uses high-frequency pulse scanning to measure the insulation resistance to ground, and simultaneously analyzes the current waveform characteristics using an FFT algorithm. The PT1000 resistance temperature sensor is mounted on the metal surface or heat sink of critical nodes. After the current sensor detects a short circuit, the FPGA directly drives all SiC MOSFET switch arrays to turn off, and the fault current is transferred to the magnetic blowout arc extinguishing chamber for forced cooling and arc extinguishing. The immersion detection electrode has dual titanium alloy probes, which are arranged on the inner side of the bottom of the protected electrical appliance. A 0.5V / 1kHz AC signal is applied through the immersion electrode to measure conductivity and capacitance. The communication and alarm unit is used to remotely alarm when a fault occurs. The communication and alarm unit is equipped with a GSM module and a LoRa module. When a short circuit fault occurs, it sends alarm information to the local gateway through the LoRa self-organizing network. If the LoRa network is unavailable, it sends a TTS voice alarm call and a text message containing GPS coordinates to a preset mobile phone through the GSM network. The human-computer interaction unit is used for parameter display and device settings; Power module: Wide voltage input (85V-275V) switching power supply to power internal circuits; The zero-arc current limiting module, multi-parameter sensor array, immersion detection electrode, and communication and alarm unit are all connected to the main control module.
[0040] A compartmentalized shielding structure is used inside the equipment requiring protection. The main power circuit (inverter, SiC module) is separated from the low-voltage control circuit (main control board, sensors) using metal partitions. Sensor signals are transmitted via fiber optics or shielded cables with ferrite cores to eliminate interference from the power components. An external antenna interface is provided for the GSM / LoRa antenna, or the antenna is placed externally to the equipment.
[0041] Furthermore, the dynamic potential compensator includes a three-phase full-bridge inverter circuit. Even if the power supply network is single-phase, the FPGA controls the inverter circuit to output three-phase signals through a virtual three-phase generation algorithm.
[0042] Furthermore, when the FPGA detects that the rate of change of current di / dt exceeds a preset threshold, it directly controls the SiC MOSFET switch array to turn off within 1 microsecond and guides the generated arc to the magnetic blowout arc extinguishing chamber for cooling and extinguishing.
[0043] Furthermore, the operating method of the dynamic potential compensator includes: S1. When a single-phase metallic grounding is detected in the power supply network, the fault voltage and current at the grounding point are calculated in real time. S5. Control the inverter circuit to output a compensation voltage that is out of phase with the fault voltage but related in amplitude. , The calculation formula is: in, For the fault phase voltage, For load resistance, Grounding resistance; S3. By reconfiguring the transformer at the neutral point: Injecting a zero-to-ground loop makes the potential of the fault point relative to ground approach zero, thus ensuring uninterrupted power supply to the ground and a fault current of less than 30mA.
[0044] Traditional leakage protection devices trip directly when there is a metallic grounding, which cannot prevent power outages. The product of this invention achieves electrical safety protection (anti-arc fire) when the fault phase voltage is canceled to near 0V, the grounding current is suppressed to <30mA, and no electric arc is generated.
[0045] Furthermore, the current waveform characteristics include defining human touch characteristics and current surges. >10A / ms and the waveform contains a 50Hz fundamental frequency plus high-frequency harmonics caused by human body capacitance. Preprocessing is performed on the FPGA, and machine learning is used to classify and distinguish in real time: human touch - label 1. Equipment leakage - Tag 2, Initiate surge - tag 3, Action: Only when classified as human touch, the voltage will be reduced to a safe range (current <10mA) within 10-40ms.
[0046] The feature vectors used in machine learning include, but are not limited to, 12 dimensions such as peak current, the ratio of 150Hz and 250Hz harmonic amplitudes to the 50Hz fundamental amplitude, the energy proportion of the third layer of wavelet decomposition, and waveform kurtosis. The model uses a linear kernel SVM, and its weight matrix and bias parameters are trained on laboratory data and then stored in the ROM of the FPGA.
[0047] Traditional RCDs cannot distinguish between human electric shock (which requires rapid power disconnection) and equipment leakage (which is tolerable). The product of this invention is designed to reduce the voltage to a safe range (current <10mA) within 10-40ms only when it is classified as human contact, thus achieving personal safety protection (anti-electric shock).
[0048] Preferably, real-time classification using machine learning includes the following steps: Step 1: Signal Acquisition and Preprocessing High-speed sampling: Employs an ADC with a sampling rate of 1MHz to continuously acquire the ground loop current signal. (t).
[0049] Digital filtering: Apply a bandpass filter (passband: 50Hz - 10kHz) to suppress power frequency interference and high-frequency noise, and extract effective signal components.
[0050] Event Triggering: Real-time Calculation The instantaneous value of (t) and its first difference (di / dt) are used. If the value exceeds a set low threshold (e.g., 5mA or 5mA / ms), it is considered a valid event, triggering the subsequent analysis process.
[0051] Data windowing: After an event is triggered, a fixed-length time window of data is extracted (e.g., a data segment covering 20 power frequency cycles before and after the trigger point), and a Hanning window is applied to reduce spectrum leakage.
[0052] Step 2: Multi-dimensional feature extraction Preprocessed time window data [n], parallel computation of the following three types of features: Temporal Features: Peak current ( ): The maximum absolute value of the current within the window.
[0053] Current rise rate ): Calculate the maximum value of the current difference between adjacent sampling points.
[0054] Waveform skewness / kurtosis: Calculates the skewness and sharpness of the signal distribution to quantify waveform asymmetry.
[0055] Frequency domain features: Fast Fourier Transform (FFT): for [n] Perform an FFT to obtain its frequency domain representation. [k].
[0056] Fundamental and harmonic components: Extract the amplitude (|I50|,|I100|,|I150|,...|I50|,|I100|,|I150|,...) and phase angle relative to voltage of the 50Hz fundamental, 100Hz (second), and 150Hz (third) harmonics.
[0057] Total Harmonic Distortion (THD): The ratio of the amplitude of each harmonic to the amplitude of the fundamental frequency.
[0058] Transient Features: Wavelet transform energy: Using the Db4 wavelet basis, a 3-level wavelet packet decomposition was performed to calculate the energy proportion of each frequency band. The energy of the high-frequency components increases significantly at the moment of electric shock to the human body.
[0059] Step 3: Feature Vector Construction and Model Inference Feature normalization: Normalize all extracted feature values to eliminate the influence of dimensions and make them fall within the same order of magnitude (such as the range of [-1, 1] or [0, 1]).
[0060] Vector construction: Normalized time-domain, frequency-domain, and transient features are combined in a fixed order to form a multi-dimensional feature vector V. Model classification: The feature vector V is input into a pre-trained Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification model. The model calculates a decision function f(V) and outputs a classification label.
[0061] Step Four: Decision Making and Execution Based on the output of the SVM model, execute the preset protection strategy: Case 1: Output label = "Electric Shock" Judgment criteria: The feature vector shows comprehensive characteristics such as high harmonic content (especially 100Hz and 150Hz), high rise rate, and high wavelet high frequency energy.
[0062] Action taken: Immediately initiate the highest level of protection process. The FPGA controls the dynamic potential compensator and the zero-arc current limiting module to clamp the potential at the contact point to a safe range within 10-40ms and limit the current passing through the human body to below 10mA.
[0063] Case 2: Output label = "Device leakage" Judgment criteria: The feature vector shows that the main component is the 50Hz fundamental frequency, with low harmonic content and slow rise.
[0064] Action to take: Do not immediately cut off power to avoid affecting normal operation. Record leakage current logs (time, leakage current value) on the human-machine interface and continuously monitor its trend. If the leakage current value continues to increase and approaches 30mA, it will be upgraded to an early warning.
[0065] Case 3: Output label = "Initiating Surge" Judgment criteria: The feature vector shows a brief spike pulse with a wide spectrum but extremely fast decay and short duration.
[0066] Action to be performed: Identify this as a normal phenomenon, ignore this event, and continue operating in the current state.
[0067] Step 5: Model Update and Self-Learning (Optional Advanced Feature) Anonymous feature vectors of triggering events and the final processing results are periodically uploaded to the cloud. Using a large amount of data from edge devices, the SVM model is continuously trained and optimized in the cloud, and the improved model parameters can be distributed to various devices to achieve iterative evolution of the algorithm.
[0068] Furthermore, the immersion detection electrode includes a 0.5V / 1kHz AC signal applied through the immersion electrode to measure conductivity G and capacitance C. Set parameters, Tap water: G < 100 μS / cm, C > 100 p (due to fewer ions but higher dielectric constant). Saline solution: G > 5 mS / cm, C < 50 pF action: Weakly conductive water: Activate 0 potential processing (dynamic compensator forces output of voltage opposite to that of the live wire, so that the potential of the water area is ≈0). Highly conductive water: If this is deemed a short circuit risk, immediately disconnect the power.
[0069] Water environments have different electrical conductivity, so it is necessary to distinguish between tap water / rainwater (weak conductivity) and salt water (strong conductivity). This invention has the function of preventing electric shock when submerged in water.
[0070] Furthermore, the insulation resistance measurement algorithm of the insulation resistance detection module includes: injecting a 1kHz sine wave. Measuring ground wire current ,but ,in, Displaying U, I, P on a TFT screen When a short circuit occurs, the GSM module dials a preset phone number (using TTS voice synthesis) and sends an SMS message (including time, fault type, and GPS coordinates).
[0071] Furthermore, it also includes voltage regulation and over / under voltage protection. The voltage regulation adopts a Buck-Boost circuit, and the duty cycle D is adjusted to stabilize the output at 220V±5%. Over / under voltage protection points: undervoltage 180V, overvoltage 260V.
[0072] Furthermore, it also includes overload protection and power calculation: , It represents the instantaneous voltage value collected at the k-th discrete sampling point, which is the voltage value between the live wire (L) and the neutral wire (N) at a very short time point (e.g., if the sampling rate is 1MHz, then the interval between each point is 1 microsecond). This represents the instantaneous current value collected at the same k-th discrete sampling point, specifically the current value flowing through the phase line (L) at a very short time point. (To avoid malfunctions during motor startup).
[0073] Overload point: Rated power +10%, power off after 500ms delay.
[0074] Its core working principle can be summarized as: "active detection, AI judgment, dynamic compensation, and rapid current limiting". Unlike traditional protectors that passively wait for the fault current to reach the threshold before tripping, it actively manages the grid potential and eliminates faults in their infancy.
[0075] Weather monitoring: Through a multi-parameter sensor array, data such as voltage, current, insulation resistance, temperature and liquid conductivity of the power grid are collected in real time at a high sampling rate of 1MHz, forming the "sensory nerves" of the system.
[0076] AI-powered intelligent identification: When an anomaly is detected (such as a sudden change in current), the system does not simply judge the magnitude, but uses machine learning algorithms (SVM) to deeply analyze the time domain, frequency domain, and transient characteristics of the fault current to accurately distinguish between three situations: "human electric shock", "equipment leakage", and "start-up surge".
[0077] Dynamic intervention and compensation For grounding faults: A reverse voltage is injected into the zero-to-ground loop through a dynamic potential compensator, which actively compensates the ground potential of the fault point to near zero, thereby fundamentally suppressing the generation of fault current (<30mA) and arc, and realizing "uninterrupted power protection".
[0078] For electric shock faults: After the AI determines that a person is being electrocuted, dynamic compensation is also activated to quickly reduce the potential difference at the point of contact with the human body, so that the current flowing through the human body is less than 10mA, and the person can get rid of the electric shock quickly.
[0079] Microsecond-level ultimate protection: For instantaneous high-current faults such as short circuits, the zero-arc current limiting module composed of SiC MOSFET switching arrays cuts off the current within 1 microsecond and introduces the arc into the magnetic blowout arc extinguishing chamber for cooling and extinguishing, achieving an unprecedented arc extinguishing speed.
[0080] Adaptive environmental protection: By analyzing the conductivity and capacitance of liquids through immersion electrodes, it can intelligently distinguish between ordinary water and salt water, and execute either "0 potential treatment" or "rapid power-off" strategies accordingly.
[0081] It should be understood that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly. It should not be considered that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit and essence of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A safety electrical protection device, characterized in that: include: The main control module includes an ARM Cortex-M7 and an FPGA; The dynamic potential compensator includes a three-phase full-bridge inverter, whose input is connected to the power supply network and whose output is connected in series between the neutral line and the ground line of the equipment through a neutral point reconfiguration transformer. The dynamic potential compensator is controlled by the FPGA. The dynamic potential compensator monitors the voltage of each phase in real time and injects it into the neutral-ground circuit through the neutral point reconfiguration transformer. The zero-flying-arc current limiting module includes a SiC MOSFET switch array and a magnetic blowout arc extinguishing chamber, which are connected in series in the phase line loop of the power supply network; A multi-parameter sensor array is used to collect real-time information on the voltage, current, insulation resistance, temperature, and water immersion status of the power grid. It includes a current sensor with a sampling rate of 1MHz, which is connected in series on the phase line of the main power path. The insulation resistance detection module outputs a 1kHz sine wave scanning signal, uses high-frequency pulse scanning to measure the insulation resistance to ground, and simultaneously analyzes the current waveform characteristics using an FFT algorithm. Temperature sensors are attached to the metal surface or heat sink of critical nodes. After the current sensor detects a short circuit, the FPGA directly drives all SiC MOSFET switch arrays to turn off, and the fault current is transferred to the magnetic blowout arc extinguishing chamber for forced cooling and arc extinguishing. The immersion detection electrode has dual titanium alloy probes, which are arranged on the inner side of the bottom of the protected electrical appliance. A 0.5V / 1kHz AC signal is applied through the immersion electrode to measure conductivity and capacitance. The communication and alarm unit is used to remotely alarm when a fault occurs. The communication and alarm unit has a GSM module and a LoRa module. When a short circuit fault occurs, it sends alarm information to the local gateway through the LoRa self-organizing network. If the LoRa network is unavailable, it sends a TTS voice alarm call and a text message containing GPS coordinates to a preset mobile phone through the GSM network. The human-computer interaction unit is used for parameter display and device settings; The zero-arc current limiting module, multi-parameter sensor array, immersion detection electrode, and communication and alarm unit are all connected to the main control module.
2. The electrical safety protector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dynamic potential compensator includes a three-phase full-bridge inverter circuit, and the FPGA controls the inverter circuit to output three-phase signals through a virtual three-phase generation algorithm.
3. The electrical safety protector according to claim 2, characterized in that: The neutral point reconfiguration transformer uses a nanocrystalline magnetic core with a turns ratio of 1:10 (primary:secondary). The secondary winding is designed to have a maximum continuous current carrying capacity of 100mA and an inductive reactance greater than 1kΩ at power frequency. However, its frequency response range needs to cover 400Hz to 2kHz to accurately transmit the compensation signal.
4. The electrical safety protector according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the FPGA detects that the rate of change of current di / dt exceeds a preset threshold, it directly controls the SiC MOSFET switch array to turn off within 1 microsecond and guides the generated arc to the magnetic blowout arc extinguishing chamber for cooling and extinguishing.
5. A safe electrical protection device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The working method of the dynamic potential compensator includes: S1. When a single-phase metallic grounding is detected in the power supply network, the fault voltage and current at the grounding point are calculated in real time. S5. Control the inverter circuit to output a compensation voltage that is opposite in phase to the fault voltage and related in amplitude. , The calculation formula is: in, For the fault phase voltage, For load resistance, Grounding resistance; S3. The neutral point reconstruction transformer will: Injecting a zero-to-ground loop makes the potential of the fault point relative to ground approach zero, thus ensuring uninterrupted power supply to the ground and a fault current of less than 30mA.
6. A safe electrical protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The current waveform characteristics include defining human touch characteristics, where the current surge di / dt > 10A / ms and the waveform contains a 50Hz fundamental frequency plus high-frequency harmonics caused by the human body's capacitance. Preprocessing is performed on the FPGA, using a machine learning classifier for real-time differentiation: Human Touch - Tag 1 Equipment leakage - Tag 2, Initiate surge - tag 3, Action: Only when classified as human touch, the voltage will be reduced to a safe range within 10-40ms.
7. A safe electrical protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The immersion detection electrode includes a 0.5V / 1kHz AC signal applied through the immersion electrode to measure conductivity G and capacitance C. Set parameters, Tap water: G < 100 μS / cm, C > 100 p, Saline solution: G > 5 mS / cm, C < 50 pF action: Weakly conductive water: Initiate 0-potential treatment. Highly conductive water: If this is deemed a short circuit risk, immediately disconnect the power.
8. A safe electrical protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The insulation resistance measurement algorithm of the insulation resistance detection module includes: Inject 1kHz sine wave Measuring ground wire current ,but ,in, Displaying U, I, P on a TFT screen When a short circuit occurs, the GSM module dials a preset phone number and sends a text message.
9. A safe electrical protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes voltage regulation and over / under voltage protection. The voltage regulation adopts a Buck-Boost circuit, and the duty cycle D is adjusted to stabilize the output at 220V±5%. Over / under voltage protection points: undervoltage 180V, overvoltage 260V.
10. A safe electrical protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes overload protection and power calculation: , This represents the instantaneous voltage value acquired at the k-th discrete sampling point. This represents the instantaneous current value collected at the same k-th discrete sampling point. Overload point: Rated power +10%, power off after 500ms delay.