Power supply protection circuit based on time-delay triggering and current limiting

Abstract

The invention discloses a power supply protection circuit based on delay trigger and current limitation, and belongs to the technical field of electric tool controllers. The controller protection module comprises a controller power supply control module and a controller capacitance control module; the controller power supply control module is used for controlling on and off of a power supply of the controller and supplying power to the controller for operation or power-off shutdown; the controller capacitor control module comprises a controller capacitor pre-charging circuit unit and a controller capacitor cathode grounding control unit; the controller capacitor pre-charging circuit unit performs capacitor charging and capacitor cut-off on the high-voltage high-capacity capacitor; the circuit is provided with a pre-charging resistor for current limiting, so that the condition of large current is avoided, and the problem of sparking is also avoided; the controller capacitor negative electrode grounding control unit controls whether the controller capacitor negative electrode is grounded or not, and electric shock of a human body is not caused when the human body touches the controller insertion piece due to the fact that a loop cannot be formed.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of electric tool controller, in particular to a power protection circuit based on delay trigger and current limitation. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, when the existing controller is inserted into a high-voltage battery pack or a battery car, due to the existence of high-voltage large-capacity capacitor inside the controller, a large current will appear instantaneously, the current impact is large, the power interface is ablated, the components are damaged, sparks and plug sticking phenomenon are caused; the traditional protection circuit mostly uses single current limiting resistor or simple switch control, and has problems of response lag, insufficient protection precision and the like; and when the high-voltage battery pack is pulled out, the human body is easy to be electrified when touching the controller plug. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application aims to provide a power protection circuit based on delay trigger and current limitation to solve the problems in the background art.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application provides the following technical scheme: a power protection circuit based on delay trigger and current limitation, comprising a controller protection module;

[0005] The controller protection module comprises a controller power supply control module and a controller capacitor control module;

[0006] The controller power supply control module is used for controlling the turn-on and turn-off of the power supply of the controller, and supplying power for the operation or stopping power for the shutdown of the controller;

[0007] The controller power supply control module comprises:

[0008] A controller power supply control switch, a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor, a diode, a resistor, a switch signal and a power supply.

[0009] The controller capacitor control module comprises a controller capacitor pre-charging circuit unit and a controller capacitor negative ground control unit;

[0010] The controller capacitor pre-charging circuit unit charges and cuts off the capacitor of the high-voltage large-capacity capacitor through the on-off of the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor;

[0011] The controller capacitor pre-charging circuit unit comprises:

[0012] A controller positive plug, a controller negative plug, a pre-charging resistor, a high-voltage large-capacity capacitor, a capacitor, a 12V DC power supply, a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor and a resistor.

[0013] The on-off of the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor comprises:

[0014] When the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor is turned on, the high-voltage large-capacity capacitor is charged; the capacitor charging can control the charging current size according to the pre-charge resistance size; due to the current limiting of the pre-charge resistance, there is no large current, and there is no problem of striking;

[0015] When the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor is turned off, the high-voltage large-capacity capacitor is cut off; the capacitor cut-off is that the high-voltage large-capacity capacitor is disconnected with the ground; the high-voltage large-capacity capacitor cannot form a loop when it is in the disconnected state with the ground, so that the human body will not be electrified and discharged when touching the controller plug.

[0016] The controller capacitor negative ground control unit is connected with the controller capacitor pre-charge circuit unit; the controller capacitor negative ground control unit controls the on-off of the silicon transistor according to the MCU control signal, controls the on-off of the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor according to the on-off of the silicon transistor, and finally controls whether the controller capacitor negative is grounded according to the on-off of the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor.

[0017] The controller capacitor negative ground control unit comprises:

[0018] The silicon transistor, the high-voltage large-capacity capacitor, the capacitor, the 12V DC power supply, the MCU control signal, the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor and the resistor.

[0019] The MCU control signal comprises:

[0020] When the controller is powered on for 200ms, the MCU control signal outputs a high-level signal after the delay time; when the controller is powered off, the MCU control signal outputs a high-impedance state.

[0021] The MCU control signal controls the on-off of the silicon transistor, which comprises:

[0022] When the MCU control signal outputs a high-level signal, the silicon transistor is turned on; when the MCU control signal outputs a high-impedance state, the silicon transistor is cut off.

[0023] The silicon transistor controls the on-off of the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor, which comprises:

[0024] When the silicon transistor is turned on, the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor is turned on; when the silicon transistor is cut off, the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor is cut off.

[0025] The on-off of the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor controls whether the controller capacitor negative is grounded, which comprises:

[0026] When the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor is turned on, the controller capacitor negative pole is grounded; when the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor is turned off, the controller capacitor negative pole is disconnected with the ground, and a loop cannot be formed, so that the human body will not be electrified when touching the controller plug.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present application are:

[0028] When the controller is inserted into the high-voltage battery pack or the electric vehicle, the circuit has a pre-charge resistor for current limiting, and there is no large current, so that the problem of sparking will not occur; and the phenomenon of sparking will not occur; the risk of damage to the controller and the high-voltage battery pack is reduced, and the battery pack and the controller pin are effectively prevented from sticking together; the circuit uses a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor for conduction and cutoff, thereby improving the response sensitivity and protection accuracy; after the high-voltage battery pack is pulled out, the circuit cannot form a loop, so that the human body is not easy to be electrified when touching the hair dryer battery plug; and the risk of human body electrification is effectively reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0029] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present application, and constitute a part of the specification, together with the embodiments of the present application, to explain the present application, and do not constitute a limitation on the present application. In the drawings:

[0030] Figure 1 is a module connection schematic diagram of the power supply protection circuit based on delay triggering and current limiting of the present application;

[0031] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the controller power supply control module of the power supply protection circuit based on delay triggering and current limiting of the present application;

[0032] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the controller capacitor pre-charge circuit unit of the power supply protection circuit based on delay triggering and current limiting of the present application;

[0033] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the controller capacitor negative pole grounding control unit of the power supply protection circuit based on delay triggering and current limiting of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0035] Please refer to Figures 1-4 The present application provides the technical solutions:

[0036] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, a power protection circuit based on delay triggering and current limiting is provided, including a controller protection module;

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, the controller protection module includes a controller power control module and a controller capacitor control module;

[0038] The controller power control module is used to control the power supply to the controller and turn it off, so as to power the controller to operate or shut it down when the power is off.

[0039] The controller capacitor control module includes a controller capacitor pre-charging circuit unit and a controller capacitor negative terminal grounding control unit;

[0040] The capacitor pre-charging circuit unit is electrically connected to the controller capacitor negative terminal grounding control unit.

[0041] like Figure 2 As shown, the controller power control module is used to control the power supply to and from the controller, providing power for the controller to operate or to shut down in the event of a power outage; the controller power control module includes:

[0042] The controller includes a power control switch J4, a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Q14, a diode D5, a diode D1, a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a switch signal MCU SW IN, a power supply VCC B+, and an output power supply BAT IN.

[0043] Pin 2 of the controller power control switch J4 is grounded; pin 1 of the controller power control switch J4 is connected to the negative terminals of diodes D5 and D1; the positive terminal of diode D1 is connected to the switch signal MCU SW IN; the positive terminal of diode D1 is connected to one pin of resistor R2; one pin of resistor R2 is connected to the gate (G) of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Q14 and one pin of resistor R1; the other pin of resistor R1 is connected to the drain (D) of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Q14 and the power supply VCC B+; the source (S) of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Q14 is connected to the output power supply BAT IN.

[0044] When the MCU SW IN gives the open signal, the diode D1 controls the closing of the controller power control switch J4, and then the negative end of the diode D5 is connected to the ground through the controller power control switch J4, and the positive end of the diode D5 is connected to the positive pole of the power supply VCC B+ through the resistor R1 and the resistor R2. When the diode D5 is in the on state, the Vgs voltage of the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor Q14 is greater than the Vth conduction voltage, so the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor Q14 is turned on, and the positive pole of the power supply VCC B+ flows to the output power BAT IN through the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor Q14. The output power BAT IN is powered on, and the controller completes the power-on control.

[0045] When the MCU SW IN gives the off signal, the diode D1 controls the closing of the controller power control switch J4, and then the negative end of the diode D5 is suspended, no current flows through, and the diode D5 is in the off state. At this time, the Vgs voltage of the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor Q14 is 0V, and the Vgs voltage is less than the Vth conduction voltage, so the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor Q14 is cut off, the output power BAT IN is powered off, and the controller completes the power-off control.

[0046] The controller capacitor negative ground control unit controls the on-off of the silicon transistor according to the MCU control signal, controls the on-off of the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor according to the on-off of the silicon transistor, and finally controls whether the controller capacitor negative pole is grounded according to the on-off of the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor. The controller capacitor pre-charging circuit unit controls the capacitor charging and capacitor cutoff of the high-voltage large-capacity capacitor through the on-off of the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor; the on-off of the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor includes:

[0047] When the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor is turned on, the high-voltage large-capacity capacitor is charged; the capacitor charging can control the charging current size according to the pre-charging resistor size; because there is a pre-charging resistor for current limiting, there is no large current, and there is no problem of striking;

[0048] When the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor is turned off, the high-voltage large-capacity capacitor is cut off; the capacitor cutoff is that the high-voltage large-capacity capacitor is disconnected with the ground; when the high-voltage large-capacity capacitor is in the disconnected state with the ground, a loop cannot be formed, and at this time, the human body will not be electrified and discharged when touching the controller plug.

[0049] As shown in Figure 3 The controller capacitor pre-charging circuit unit includes:

[0050] The controller positive pin H1, the controller negative pin H2, the pre-charge resistor R3, the high-voltage large-capacity capacitor C1, the high-voltage large-capacity capacitor C2, the capacitor C3, the 12V DC power supply VCC 12V, the resistor R61, the resistor R62, the power supply VCC B+, and the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor Q1.

[0051] The metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor Q1 is Figure 3 MOS1.

[0052] The controller positive pin H1 is connected with the power supply VCC B+, the high-voltage large-capacity capacitor C1 positive, the high-voltage large-capacity capacitor C2 positive, and the capacitor C3 positive. One pin of the pre-charge resistor R3 is connected with the high-voltage large-capacity capacitor C1 negative, the high-voltage large-capacity capacitor C2 negative, and the capacitor C3 negative. One pin of the pre-charge resistor R3 is connected with the 2nd drain D of the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor Q1. One pin of the resistor R61 is connected with the 12V DC power supply VCC 12V. One pin of the resistor R61 is connected with one pin of the resistor R62 and the 1st gate G of the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor Q1. One pin of the resistor R62 is connected with the ground. The 3rd source S of the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor Q1 is connected with the controller negative pin H2 and the ground.

[0053] When the positive pole of the high-voltage battery pack is connected to the controller positive pin H1 and the negative pole of the high-voltage battery pack is connected to the controller negative pin H2, the positive poles of the high-voltage large-capacity capacitor C1, the high-voltage large-capacity capacitor C2, and the capacitor C3 are electrified, and the negative poles of the high-voltage large-capacity capacitor C1, the high-voltage large-capacity capacitor C2, and the capacitor C3 are connected to one pin of the pre-charge resistor R3.

[0054] When the controller completes the power-on control, the 12V DC power supply VCC 12V is electrified. At this time, the Vgs voltage of the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor Q1 is greater than the Vth conduction voltage, the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor Q1 is in the conduction state, the battery pack charges the high-voltage large-capacity capacitor C1 and the high-voltage large-capacity capacitor C2 through the resistor R3 and the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor Q1, and the charging current size can be controlled according to the resistance value of the resistor R3. Since there is a pre-charge resistor R3 for current limiting, there is no large current, and there is no problem of sparking.

[0055] When the controller completes the power-off control, the 12V DC power supply VCC 12V is de-energized. At this time, the Vgs voltage of the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor Q1 is less than the Vth conduction voltage, so the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor Q1 is cut off, the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor Q1 is in the cut-off state, the negative poles of the high-voltage large-capacity capacitor C1, the high-voltage large-capacity capacitor C2, and the capacitor C3 are disconnected from the controller negative pin H2, and the capacitor cannot discharge externally.

[0056] The controller capacitor negative ground control unit is connected with the controller capacitor pre-charging circuit unit; the controller capacitor negative ground control unit controls the on-off of the silicon transistor according to the MCU control signal, controls the on-off of the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor according to the on-off of the silicon transistor, and finally controls whether the negative electrode of the controller capacitor is grounded according to the on-off of the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor.

[0057] As shown in Figure 4 , the controller capacitor negative ground control unit comprises:

[0058] The silicon transistor Q17, the silicon transistor Q18, the high-voltage large-capacity capacitor C1, the high-voltage large-capacity capacitor C2, the capacitor C3, the 12V DC power supply VCC 12V, the MCU control signal, the resistor R51, the resistor R52, the resistor R53, the resistor R55, the resistor R58, the resistor R60, the power supply VCC B+, and the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor Q2.

[0059] The metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor Q2 is Figure 4 MOS2.

[0060] The 2nd drain D of the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor Q2 is connected with the negative electrode of the high-voltage large-capacity capacitor C1, the negative electrode of the high-voltage large-capacity capacitor C2, and the negative electrode of the capacitor C3; the 3rd source S of the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor Q2 is connected with the ground; the 12V DC power supply VCC 12V is connected with the 2nd collector of the silicon transistor Q17 and the one end of the resistor R51; the 3rd emitter of the silicon transistor Q17 is connected with the one end of the resistor R53; the one end of the resistor R53 is connected with the 1st gate G of the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor Q2 and the one end of the resistor R58; the 1st base of the silicon transistor Q17 is connected with the one end of the resistor R52; the one end of the resistor R52 is connected with the other end of the resistor R51 and the 3rd emitter of the silicon transistor Q18; the 2nd collector of the silicon transistor Q18 is connected with the one end of the resistor R60 and the ground at the same time; the 1st base of the silicon transistor Q18 is connected with the one end of the resistor R60 and the one end of the resistor R55; and the one end of the resistor R55 is connected with the MCU control signal.

[0061] When the positive pole of the high-voltage large-capacity capacitor C1, the high-voltage large-capacity capacitor C2 and the capacitor C3 is electrified, and the 12V DC power supply VCC_12V is electrified when the controller completes the power-on control, at this time, the MCU control signal outputs high level, the Vbe voltage of the silicon triode Q18 is greater than the conduction voltage of the silicon triode Q18, at this time, the silicon triode Q18 is in the conduction state, the No. 1 base of the silicon triode Q17 is grounded through the silicon triode Q18; the Vbe voltage of the silicon triode Q17 is less than the conduction voltage of the silicon triode Q17, at this time, the silicon triode Q17 is in the conduction state, the Vgs voltage of the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor Q2 is greater than the Vth conduction voltage, the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor Q2 is in the conduction state, and the high-voltage large-capacity capacitor C1, the high-voltage large-capacity capacitor C2 and the capacitor C3 are connected with the ground through the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor Q2.

[0062] When the positive pole of the high-voltage large-capacity capacitor C1, the high-voltage large-capacity capacitor C2 and the capacitor C3 is electrified, and the 12V DC power supply VCC_12V is electrified when the controller completes the power-on control, at this time, the MCU control signal outputs high level, the Vbe voltage of the silicon triode Q18 is greater than the conduction voltage of the silicon triode Q18, at this time, the silicon triode Q18 is in the conduction state, the No. 1 base of the silicon triode Q17 is grounded through the silicon triode Q18; the Vbe voltage of the silicon triode Q17 is less than the conduction voltage of the silicon triode Q17, at this time, the silicon triode Q17 is in the conduction state, the Vgs voltage of the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor Q2 is greater than the Vth conduction voltage, the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor Q2 is in the conduction state, and the high-voltage large-capacity capacitor C1, the high-voltage large-capacity capacitor C2 and the capacitor C3 are connected with the ground through the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor Q2.

[0063] It should be noted that, in this text, the relationship terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between the entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "contain" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that the process, method, article or equipment including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed, or includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or equipment.

[0064] Finally, it should be noted that the above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalent ones. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A power supply protection circuit based on time delay triggering and current limiting, characterized by: The controller protection module comprises a controller power supply control module and a controller capacitor control module. The controller power supply control module is used for controlling the on and off of the power supply of the controller, and powering on or powering off the controller. The controller capacitor control module comprises a controller capacitor pre-charging circuit unit and a controller capacitor negative pole grounding control unit. The controller capacitor pre-charging circuit unit charges and cuts off the high-voltage large-capacity capacitor through the on and off of the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor. The controller capacitor negative pole grounding control unit is connected with the controller capacitor pre-charging circuit unit. The controller power supply control module comprises a controller power supply control switch, a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor, a diode, a resistor, a switch signal and a power supply.

2. The power supply protection circuit based on delay trigger and current limit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The controller capacitor pre-charging circuit unit comprises a controller positive pole pin, a controller negative pole pin, a pre-charging resistor, a high-voltage large-capacity capacitor, a capacitor, a 12V direct current power supply, a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor and a resistor. When the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor is turned on, the high-voltage large-capacity capacitor is charged.

3. The power protection circuit based on delay trigger and current limit according to claim 1, wherein, When the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor is turned off, the high-voltage large-capacity capacitor is cut off. The controller capacitor negative pole grounding control unit comprises a silicon transistor, a high-voltage large-capacity capacitor, a capacitor, a 12V direct current power supply, an MCU control signal, a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor and a resistor.

4. The power supply protection circuit based on delay trigger and current limit according to claim 1, wherein, When the controller is powered on, the MCU control signal outputs a high-level signal after a delay of 200ms. When the controller is powered off, the MCU control signal outputs a high-impedance state. When the MCU control signal outputs a high-level signal, the silicon transistor is turned on.

5. The power supply protection circuit based on delay trigger and current limit according to claim 1, wherein, When the MCU control signal outputs a high-impedance state, the silicon transistor is cut off. When the silicon transistor is turned on, the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor is turned on.

6. The power supply protection circuit based on time delay triggering and current limiting of claim 1, wherein: When the silicon transistor is cut off, the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor is cut off. The on and off of the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor controls whether the negative pole of the controller capacitor is grounded.

7. The power protection circuit based on delay trigger and current limit according to claim 1, characterized in that: ​ ​ 8. The power supply protection circuit based on delay trigger and current limit according to claim 1, wherein: ​ ​ 9. The power supply protection circuit based on delay trigger and current limit according to claim 1, characterized in that: ​ When the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor is turned on, the negative electrode of the controller capacitor is grounded; when the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor is turned off, the negative electrode of the controller capacitor is disconnected with the ground, and a loop cannot be formed, so that the human body will not be electrified when the human body touches the controller plug.

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