Low-power-consumption power management module and method for high-integration Ku / 5G dual-mode antenna

Abstract

The invention discloses a low-power-consumption power management module and method for a high-integration Ku / 5G dual-mode antenna, and relates to the technical field of communication and power management, and the module comprises a wide voltage input module which receives a DC voltage, is internally provided with an overvoltage and reverse connection protection circuit, and outputs the DC voltage after the DC voltage is processed by a pi-type electromagnetic compatibility filter; the efficient direct current conversion module comprises a synchronous step-down converter and a low dropout regulator and can convert various voltages; the dynamic power consumption adjusting module is used for monitoring Ku and 5G frequency bands and closing a redundant channel to control power consumption when a single frequency band works; the power supply monitoring module is used for acquiring voltage and current through a 12-bit ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) and triggering an alarm when the deviation exceeds a set range or the current exceeds a limit; and the energy recovery module collects idle radio frequency energy, stores the idle radio frequency energy in a super capacitor after rectification, and maintains the core circuit to work for more than or equal to 10s during power failure. The energy efficiency is improved, the reliability and the adaptability are enhanced, the integration level and the intelligence are improved, and the communication stability is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of communication and power management technology, and in particular to a low-power power management module and method for a highly integrated Ku / 5G dual-mode antenna. Background Technology

[0002] Ku / 5G dual-mode antennas are key devices for the convergence of satellite and terrestrial mobile communications, widely used in mobile scenarios such as vehicles and aviation. The performance of their power management modules directly affects the device's battery life and stability. Traditional dual-mode antenna power supplies often use discrete component designs with a narrow input voltage range (typically 5V-12V), making them difficult to adapt to diverse power supply environments such as 12V / 24V in vehicles and 28V in aviation. Overvoltage or reverse connection can easily damage core components. Furthermore, their conversion efficiency is low, often below 70% under light loads, resulting in high redundant power consumption, which severely limits the device's operating time, especially in battery-powered mobile terminals.

[0003] When a dual-mode antenna operates in a single frequency band, the traditional power supply continues to power the circuitry in the other frequency band, resulting in static power consumption exceeding 50mW and wasting energy. Furthermore, the lack of an effective energy recovery mechanism means that the RF energy is not utilized when the antenna is idle, and the inability to maintain data in the core circuitry during sudden power outages can easily lead to communication interruptions or data loss. Temperature adaptability is also a weakness; low temperatures cause device performance degradation leading to unstable output, while the lack of derating protection at high temperatures affects module lifespan.

[0004] Existing power management solutions suffer from low integration and scattered functional modules, which not only increases antenna size (making it difficult to meet the miniaturization requirements of automotive equipment) but also leads to signal interference issues. Monitoring mechanisms are rudimentary, only providing overcurrent protection and failing to collect real-time voltage and current data. Furthermore, they lack fault logging and early warning functions, making subsequent maintenance difficult. These problems make traditional power management modules ill-suited for the high integration, low power consumption, and wide environmental adaptability requirements of dual-mode antenna applications. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention proposes a low-power power management module and method for a highly integrated Ku / 5G dual-mode antenna to solve the problems mentioned in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A low-power power management module for a highly integrated Ku / 5G dual-mode antenna includes: Wide voltage input module: Accepts DC input voltage from 3.3V to 36V, with built-in overvoltage protection circuit and reverse polarity protection circuit. The module includes a π-type electromagnetic compatibility filter, which consists of two 10μH common mode inductors and two 100nF X2 safety capacitors, with a cutoff frequency of 1GHz. High-efficiency DC-DC converter module: Includes a synchronous buck converter and a low-dropout linear regulator. The module converts the input voltage to four isolated outputs: 5V / 2A, 3.3V / 3A, 1.8V / 1A, and 1.2V / 0.5A. Under light load conditions (10% of rated current), the conversion efficiency is no less than 85%; under full load conditions, the conversion efficiency is no less than 92%. Dynamic power consumption adjustment module: The module monitors the RF signal strength of Ku band and 5G band in real time through RF coupler. When a single band is detected to be working, the power supply channel of the other band is cut off through PMOS switch, and the shutdown time does not exceed 50μs. At the same time, redundant LDO and filter circuit are turned off, so that the static power consumption is reduced to no more than 10mW. When both bands are working at the same time, the module automatically turns on all channels. Power monitoring module: Employs a 12-bit analog-to-digital converter for data acquisition at a sampling rate of 1kHz. The module acquires the output voltage and current of each channel. Current is detected through a 0.01Ω sampling resistor. The acquired data is then processed through I... 2 The C bus transmits data to the main control unit. When the voltage deviation exceeds ±5% or the current exceeds the rated value of 2A and the duration reaches 10ms, a low-level alarm signal is output through the GPIO pin, and the fault code is recorded. Energy recovery module: Collects radio frequency energy when the antenna is idle through a microstrip antenna coupler. The collected energy is converted into 3.3V DC power by a Dickson rectifier circuit. The converted power is stored in a supercapacitor through a charging management chip. When the input power is lost, the core monitoring circuit is maintained to work through a discharge management circuit.

[0007] Furthermore, it also includes an intelligent wake-up module and a temperature compensation module. The intelligent wake-up module integrates a low-power real-time clock and a level-triggered wake-up trigger, and the module supports periodic wake-up and external RF signal wake-up. The temperature compensation module has a built-in negative temperature coefficient thermistor and collects temperature through a 10-bit ADC with a sampling period of 1 second. When the temperature is below -20℃, it automatically increases the output voltage by 1%-3% by fine-tuning the feedback voltage through the DAC. When the temperature is above 70℃, it limits the output current to 80% of the rated value through a current limiting circuit, and at the same time starts the cooling fan drive signal.

[0008] Furthermore, it also includes a multi-mode switching module and a power path management module. The multi-mode switching module supports manual and automatic switching. The power path management module uses an ideal diode controller to manage the switching between the main power supply and the backup power supply. The forward voltage drop of the ideal diode controller at a current of 1A does not exceed 30mV. When the main power supply voltage is lower than 2.8V, it automatically switches to the backup power supply with a switching time of no more than 10μs to ensure that the core circuit is uninterrupted. When the main power supply is restored, it switches back to the main power supply first and charges the backup power supply. The charging cutoff voltage is 5.5V±5%.

[0009] Further, the output voltage calculation formula of the synchronous buck converter in the high-efficiency DC conversion module is , where Vout is the output voltage; Vin is the input voltage; D is the duty cycle, with a value range of 0 < D < 1; DCR is the DC resistance of the inductor; L is the inductance value; Ts is the switching period, and Ts = 1 / switching frequency.

[0010] Further, the voltage compensation formula of the temperature compensation module is , where Vcomp is the compensated voltage; Vnom is the nominal voltage at 25°C; K is the temperature coefficient, with a value range of -0.01% / °C to -0.03% / °C, set according to different output voltage levels; T is the actual ambient temperature.

[0011] Further, the stored energy calculation formula of the energy recovery module is , where E is the releasable energy; C is the supercapacitor capacitance; Vmax is the maximum charging voltage, with a value of 5.5V; Vmin is the minimum discharge voltage, with a value of 2.5V.

[0012] Further, the automatic switching threshold calculation formula of the multi-mode switching module is , where Sth is the switching threshold; Sku is the signal strength of the Ku band, with a value range of -110dBm to -50dBm; S5g is the signal strength of the 5G band, with a value range of -110dBm to -50dBm; ΔS is the hysteresis, fixed at 3dB, used to prevent frequent switching.

[0013] Further, a method for the low-power power management module of a highly integrated Ku / 5G dual-mode antenna includes the following steps: Wide voltage adaptation step: Receive an input voltage of 3.3V to 36V. First, detect the voltage through an overvoltage protection circuit. When the voltage exceeds 40V, trigger the thyristor short-circuit protection; when the input voltage is reverse-connected, the P-channel MOS transistor is cut off to block the current. Then, the voltage is filtered by a π-type electromagnetic compatibility filter to filter out interference signals below 1GHz, and finally, the preprocessed voltage is output to the subsequent module; High-efficiency conversion step: The preprocessed voltage is input to the synchronous buck converter and converted to 5V and 3.3V through a switching frequency of 6MHz and synchronous rectification technology. The converted voltage is then secondarily regulated to 1.8V and 1.2V by a low-dropout linear regulator. In the light load state, the switching frequency is automatically reduced to 1MHz and enters the frequency hopping mode; in the full load state, the 6MHz switching frequency is maintained; Dynamic adjustment steps: Real-time monitoring of Ku-band and 5G-band RF signals. When a single-band signal persists for 100ms and the other band has no signal, the redundant power supply channel is turned off by the PMOS switch to cut off the power supply to the corresponding band, so that the static power consumption is controlled to not exceed 10mW. When a dual-band signal is detected, all channels are turned on within 100μs. Status monitoring steps: The output voltage and current of each channel are acquired at a sampling rate of 1kHz. The acquired analog quantities are converted into digital quantities using a 12-bit ADC. When the voltage deviation exceeds ±5% or the current exceeds 2A for a duration of 10ms, an alarm signal is output and a fault code is recorded. Simultaneously, an I / O signal is transmitted. 2 C uploads the monitoring data; Energy recovery steps: When the antenna is idle, -50dBm to -10dBm radio frequency energy is collected through the coupler. The collected energy is converted into 3.3V DC through a 4-stage Dickson rectifier circuit and then stored in the supercapacitor through the charging management chip. When the input power is cut off, the supercapacitor discharges to maintain the operation of the core circuit for no less than 10 seconds.

[0014] Furthermore, the power consumption optimization formula for the dynamic adjustment step is as follows: Popp is the optimized power consumption; Pfull is the total power consumption when operating in dual-band mode; Nactive is the number of active frequency bands, with a value of 1 or 2; Ntotal is the total number of frequency bands, which is fixed at 2; and Pstatic is the static power consumption of the core circuit, which does not exceed 10mW.

[0015] Furthermore, the efficiency calculation method for the energy recovery step is as follows: η is the recovery efficiency; Erec is the energy stored in the supercapacitor; Pin is the input RF power; and t is the recovery time.

[0016] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are: In terms of energy efficiency improvement, the wide voltage input design is compatible with various power supply environments, avoiding losses caused by additional voltage conversion; the high-efficiency DC-DC conversion module maintains high conversion efficiency across the entire load range; the dynamic power consumption adjustment module significantly reduces energy consumption when operating on a single frequency band by shutting down redundant frequency band power supplies; and the energy recovery module converts idle RF energy into usable electrical energy, further reducing energy waste and extending device battery life.

[0017] Reliability and adaptability are significantly enhanced. Overvoltage and reverse connection protection circuits and electromagnetic compatibility design improve anti-interference capabilities and prevent damage caused by abnormal power supply. The temperature compensation module automatically adjusts the output in high and low temperature environments to ensure stable device performance. Power path management enables seamless switching between primary and backup power supplies, ensuring that the core circuit can still operate during sudden power outages and preventing data loss or communication interruption.

[0018] The integration and intelligence levels have been significantly improved. The high integration of various functional modules has reduced the size and met the requirements for miniaturization. The power monitoring module collects and uploads data in real time, promptly alarms and records information in case of failure, facilitating later maintenance. The intelligent wake-up and multi-mode switching functions enhance operational flexibility and adapt to the working requirements of different scenarios. Through hardware and software co-optimization, the overall solution provides efficient, stable and intelligent power management support for Ku / 5G dual-mode antennas, which is especially suitable for mobile communication scenarios with stringent requirements for power consumption, size and reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic block diagram of the low-power power management module for the highly integrated Ku / 5G dual-mode antenna proposed in this invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic block diagram of the low-power power management method for a highly integrated Ku / 5G dual-mode antenna proposed in this invention. Figure 3 A combination graph showing the conversion efficiency comparison under different input voltages; Figure 4 This is a comparison chart of the output voltage stability of the temperature compensation module. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0022] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the stated features. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified. Furthermore, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly; for example, they may refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they may refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they may refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they may refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances. The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] Reference Figures 1 to 4 A low-power power management module for a highly integrated Ku / 5G dual-mode antenna, comprising: Wide-voltage input module: Accepts DC input voltages from 3.3V to 36V, and features built-in overvoltage protection and reverse polarity protection circuits. The overvoltage protection circuit employs a thyristor-triggered protection design, with a protection threshold set at 40V±2V and a response time controlled within 10μs. The reverse polarity protection circuit uses a P-channel MOSFET to achieve reverse connection protection, with the MOSFET's on-resistance not exceeding 50mΩ. The module also includes a π-type electromagnetic compatibility filter, composed of two 10μH common-mode inductors and two 100nF x2 safety capacitors, with a cutoff frequency of 1GHz. This effectively suppresses common-mode and differential-mode interference, with an output ripple voltage peak-to-peak value not exceeding 50mV, and an operating temperature range covering -40℃ to 85℃.

[0024] High-efficiency DC-DC converter module: Includes a synchronous buck converter and a low-dropout linear regulator. The synchronous buck converter employs a synchronous rectification architecture with a 6MHz switching frequency and integrates an 8mΩ power MOSFET. The dropout voltage of the low-dropout linear regulator does not exceed 100mV at 100mA current. This module can convert the input voltage to four isolated outputs: 5V / 2A, 3.3V / 3A, 1.8V / 1A, and 1.2V / 0.5A, with each output ripple not exceeding 20mV and cross-regulation controlled within 2%. Under light load (10% of rated current), the conversion efficiency is no less than 85%; under full load, the conversion efficiency is no less than 92%; and the power consumption in standby mode does not exceed 5mW.

[0025] Dynamic power consumption adjustment module: This module monitors the RF signal strength of the Ku and 5G bands in real time via an RF coupler. The Ku band operates in the 12-18GHz range with a bandwidth of 500MHz; the 5G band includes 3.5GHz and 28GHz with a bandwidth of 100MHz, and the sampling interval is 10ms. When single-band operation is detected, the power supply path to the other band is cut off via a PMOS switch, with a turn-off time not exceeding 50μs. Simultaneously, redundant LDOs and filter circuits are disabled, reducing static power consumption to no more than 10mW. When both bands operate simultaneously, the module automatically activates all channels with a response time not exceeding 100μs.

[0026] Power monitoring module: Employs a 12-bit analog-to-digital converter for data acquisition, with a sampling rate of 1kHz and a conversion error controlled within ±1LSB. This module can acquire output voltage and current from each channel, with voltage measurement accuracy not exceeding ±1%FSR, and current detected through a 0.01Ω sampling resistor with an accuracy not exceeding ±2%. The acquired data is processed through I... 2 The data is transmitted to the main control unit via the C bus at a rate of 400kbps. When the voltage deviation exceeds ±5% or the current exceeds the rated value of 2A for a duration of 10ms, a low-level alarm signal is output through the GPIO pin, and a fault code is recorded with a storage capacity of no less than 100 entries.

[0027] Energy recovery module: Collects RF energy from idle antennas via a microstrip antenna coupler, with an energy range of -50dBm to -10dBm. The collected energy is converted into 3.3V DC power by a Dickson rectifier circuit. This rectifier circuit is a 4-stage rectification design with an efficiency of no less than 60% at a -20dBm input. The converted power is stored in a supercapacitor via a charging management chip. The maximum charging current of the charging management chip is 50mA, and the supercapacitor has a capacitance range of 0.1F-1F and an ESR not exceeding 100mΩ. When the input power is lost, the core monitoring circuit is maintained by a discharge management circuit, operating continuously for no less than 10 seconds at a working current of 10mA.

[0028] This invention also includes an intelligent wake-up module and a temperature compensation module. The intelligent wake-up module integrates a low-power real-time clock and a level-triggered wake-up trigger. The real-time clock uses a 32.768kHz crystal oscillator, and its timing error does not exceed 1ppm at 25℃. This module supports periodic wake-up and external RF signal wake-up; the interval between periodic wake-ups can be controlled by I... 2C is configured to be between 1 s and 3600 s, with a minimum step size of 1 s; the trigger level for external RF signal wake-up is 0.8 V - 2.0 V, and the hysteresis voltage is 200 mV. The power consumption of the module in the wake-up state does not exceed 5 mW, and in the sleep state does not exceed 1 mW. The wake-up response time from sleep to normal operation does not exceed 100 μs. The temperature compensation module incorporates a negative temperature coefficient thermistor, with a B value of the thermistor being 3950 K ± 1%, and the operating temperature range is -40°C to 85°C. Temperature is collected through a 10-bit ADC, and the sampling period is 1 s. When the temperature is below -20°C, the feedback voltage is fine-tuned through a DAC to automatically increase the output voltage by 1% - 3%, increasing by 1% for every 10°C decrease to compensate for the attenuation of device performance; when the temperature is above 70°C, the output current limit is reduced to 80% of the rated value through a current limiting circuit, and simultaneously, the drive signal for the cooling fan is activated. This signal is active at a high level, and the drive current is 50 mA.

[0029] In this invention, it also includes a multi-mode switching module and a power path management module. The multi-mode switching module supports manual switching and automatic switching. Manual switching sets 4 modes through the level combination of 2 GPIO pins, with a high level of 3.3 V ± 10%; automatic switching is based on the signal strength of the frequency band, and the sampling period is 50 ms. During the switching process, the output voltage slope is controlled by a soft start circuit to be 50 mV / μs, the switching time does not exceed 500 μs, the output voltage fluctuation during the switching process does not exceed ±2% relative to the nominal value, and there is no overshoot and undershoot phenomenon. The power path management module uses an ideal diode controller to manage the switching between the main power supply and the backup power supply. The on-state voltage drop of the ideal diode controller at a current of 1 A does not exceed 30 mV. When the main power supply voltage is lower than 2.8 V, it automatically switches to the backup power supply, and the switching time does not exceed 10 μs to ensure that the core circuit has no power outage; when the main power supply resumes, it preferentially switches back to the main power supply and charges the backup power supply, with a charging cut-off voltage of 5.5 V ± 5%.

[0030] In this invention, the output voltage calculation formula of the synchronous buck converter of the high-efficiency DC conversion module is , where Vout is the output voltage, with the unit of V; Vin is the input voltage, with the unit of V; D is the duty cycle, and the value range is 0 < D < 1; DCR is the DC resistance of the inductor, with the unit of Ω; L is the inductance value, with the unit of H; Ts is the switching period, with the unit of s, and Ts = 1 / switching frequency.

[0031] In this invention, the voltage compensation formula of the temperature compensation module is , where Vcomp is the compensated voltage, with the unit of V; Vnom is the nominal voltage at 25°C, with the unit of V; K is the temperature coefficient, and the value range is -0.01% / °C to -0.03% / °C, set according to different output voltage levels; T is the actual ambient temperature, with the unit of °C.

[0032] In this invention, the formula for calculating the stored energy of the energy recovery module is as follows: Where E is the releaseable energy in J; C is the supercapacitor capacity in F; Vmax is the maximum charging voltage in 5.5V; and Vmin is the minimum discharging voltage in 2.5V.

[0033] In this invention, the automatic switching threshold calculation formula for the multi-mode switching module is as follows: Where Sth is the handover threshold in dBm; Sku is the Ku band signal strength in dBm, ranging from -110dBm to -50dBm; S5g is the 5G band signal strength in dBm, ranging from -110dBm to -50dBm; and ΔS is the hysteresis, fixed at 3dB, used to prevent frequent handovers.

[0034] This invention includes the following steps: Wide voltage adaptation steps: The system receives input voltages from 3.3V to 36V. First, an overvoltage protection circuit detects the voltage. When the voltage exceeds 40V, thyristor short-circuit protection is triggered. When the input voltage is reversed, the P-channel MOSFET is turned off to block current. Afterward, the voltage is filtered by a π-type electromagnetic compatibility filter to remove interference signals below 1GHz, and finally, a pre-processed voltage is output to subsequent modules.

[0035] High-efficiency conversion steps: The pre-processed voltage input synchronous buck converter converts the voltage to 5V and 3.3V using a 6MHz switching frequency and synchronous rectification technology. The converted voltages are then further regulated to 1.8V and 1.2V by a low-dropout linear regulator. Under light load conditions, the switching frequency is automatically reduced to 1MHz and frequency hopping mode is entered to ensure a conversion efficiency of no less than 85%. Under full load conditions, the switching frequency is maintained at 6MHz, and the conversion efficiency is no less than 92%.

[0036] Dynamic adjustment steps: Real-time monitoring of Ku-band and 5G-band RF signals. When a single-band signal persists for 100ms and the other band has no signal, the redundant power supply channel is turned off by the PMOS switch to cut off the power supply to the corresponding band, so that the static power consumption is controlled to not exceed 10mW. When a dual-band signal is detected, all channels are turned on within 100μs.

[0037] Status monitoring steps: Collect the output voltage and current of each channel at a sampling rate of 1kHz, and convert the collected analog quantities into digital quantities using a 12-bit ADC. When the voltage deviation exceeds ±5% or the current exceeds 2A for a duration of 10ms, output an alarm signal and record a fault code. Simultaneously, through I... 2 C uploads the monitoring data.

[0038] Energy recovery steps: When the antenna is idle, -50dBm to -10dBm radio frequency energy is collected through the coupler. The collected energy is converted into 3.3V DC through a 4-stage Dickson rectifier circuit and then stored in the supercapacitor through the charging management chip. When the input power is cut off, the supercapacitor discharges to maintain the operation of the core circuit for no less than 10 seconds.

[0039] In this invention, the power consumption optimization formula for the dynamic adjustment step is as follows: Popp is the optimized power consumption in W; Pfull is the total power consumption when operating in dual-band mode in W; Nactive is the number of active frequency bands, with a value of 1 or 2; Ntotal is the total number of frequency bands, which is fixed at 2; and Pstatic is the static power consumption of the core circuit, which does not exceed 10mW.

[0040] In this invention, the efficiency calculation method for the energy recovery step is as follows: Where η is the recovery efficiency (%), Erec is the energy stored in the supercapacitor (J), Pin is the input RF power (W), and t is the recovery time (s).

[0041] The following two examples further illustrate the specific implementation of this system: Example 1: Application of Vehicle-Mounted Ku / 5G Dual-Mode Antenna Power Management Module This embodiment is designed for automotive applications (supply voltage 12V±3V), with a module size of 30mm×20mm×5mm. After receiving 12V, the wide-voltage input module's overvoltage protection circuit monitors the input via a thyristor. When the voltage suddenly rises to 42V (e.g., during car startup), short-circuit protection is triggered within 10μs. In reverse connection, the P-channel MOSFET is cut off, with an on-resistance of 45mΩ, blocking reverse current. The π-type electromagnetic compatibility filter consists of a 10μH common-mode inductor and a 100nF X2 capacitor, filtering out 100kHz-1GHz interference generated by the vehicle motor, with an output ripple of 45mV.

[0042] In the high-efficiency DC-DC converter module, the synchronous buck converter operates at a switching frequency of 6MHz, through... Calculate the duty cycle (when Vin=12V, Vout=5V, D=0.42, DCR=10mΩ, L=2.2μH). The low-dropout linear regulator converts 5V / 2A and 3.3V / 3A to 3.3V / 1A and 1.2V / 0.5A, with an efficiency of 86% at light load (10% current) and 93% at full load.

[0043] The dynamic power consumption adjustment module monitors the frequency band via an RF coupler. When the vehicle enters the tunnel and only the 5G 3.5GHz band is operating, it detects no signal in the Ku band within 10ms, shuts down the Ku channel via a PMOS switch, and reduces the static power consumption to 8mW. The power monitoring module collects data at a 1kHz sampling rate. The 12-bit ADC measures a 5V output deviation of ±0.2V (≤±5%). When the current exceeds 2A for 10ms, the GPIO outputs a low-level alarm.

[0044] When the antenna is idle, the energy recovery module collects -30dBm Ku-band leakage energy via a microstrip coupler. This energy is then converted to 3.3V by a 4-stage Dickson rectifier circuit (62% efficiency) and stored in a 0.5F supercapacitor (ESR 80mΩ) by the charging management chip. Calculate the energy that can be released: 0.5 × 0.5 × (5.5) 2 -2.5 2 =6J, supports 10mA core circuit operation for 182s.

[0045] Table 1

[0046] The data in Table 1 demonstrates the effects of dynamic adjustment and low-power design: Traditional modules still power the Ku channel when operating in a single frequency band, resulting in a power consumption reduction of only 17%; in this embodiment, by disabling redundant channels, single-band power consumption is reduced to 25mW, and combined with high-efficiency conversion technology, dual-band power consumption is reduced by 33%. In standby mode, due to the shutdown of unnecessary circuits, power consumption is only 5mW, significantly extending the vehicle battery's range, making it particularly suitable for the low-power requirements of new energy vehicles.

[0047] Example 2: Application of Ku / 5G Dual-Mode Antenna Power Management Module for UAVs This embodiment is designed for drones (24V power supply, 5000mAh battery capacity), and the module integration is further improved. The wide-voltage input module handles 24V voltage, has an overvoltage protection threshold of 40V, a reverse connection protection MOSFET on-resistance of 40mΩ, an electromagnetic compatibility filter to adapt to drone motor interference, and an output ripple of 40mV.

[0048] In the high-efficiency DC-DC conversion module, the synchronous buck converter, calculated using the formula, has a 24V to 5V duty cycle D=0.21, with a conversion efficiency of 87% under light load and 94% under full load. The temperature compensation module, when the drone flies to an altitude of -30℃, [follows / converts / etc.]. Compensation (Vnom=3.3V, K=-0.02% / ℃, T=-30℃, Vcomp=3.3×[1-0.02%×(-55)]=3.336V) is applied to prevent device performance degradation; when the ground temperature is 75℃, the current limit is reduced to 80% of the rated value, and the fan is activated for heat dissipation.

[0049] The multi-mode switching module passes through Automatic switching (when Sku=-80dBm, S5g=-70dBm, Sth=0.5×(-80-70)+3=-72dBm) occurs. When the 5G signal drops below -72dBm, the signal switches to the Ku band in 450μs with voltage fluctuations of ±1.5%. The power path management module switches to 0.1F supercapacitor power within 10μs when the battery voltage drops to 2.8V, maintaining flight control communication for 12s.

[0050] Table 2

[0051] Table 2 verifies the temperature compensation effect: Traditional modules, without compensation, drop their output to 3.05V at -30℃, causing the communication module to crash; this embodiment uses voltage compensation to raise the output to 3.33V, ensuring normal operation. At 75℃, traditional modules output 3.45V due to component drift; this embodiment controls the output at 3.32V to avoid overvoltage damage. Combined with dynamic power consumption adjustment, the UAV's flight time is extended from 40 minutes with traditional modules to 55 minutes, meeting the requirements for long-endurance missions.

[0052] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-power power management module for a highly integrated Ku / 5G dual-mode antenna, characterized in that, include: Wide voltage input module: Accepts DC input voltage from 3.3V to 36V, with built-in overvoltage protection circuit and reverse polarity protection circuit, and the module includes a π-type electromagnetic compatibility filter; High-efficiency DC-DC converter module: Includes a synchronous buck converter and a low dropout linear regulator. The module converts the input voltage into four isolated outputs: 5V / 2A, 3.3V / 3A, 1.8V / 1A, and 1.2V / 0.5A. Dynamic power consumption adjustment module: The module monitors the RF signal strength of Ku band and 5G band in real time through RF coupler. When it detects that a single band is working, it cuts off the power supply channel of the other band through PMOS switch. When both bands are working at the same time, the module automatically turns on all channels. Power monitoring module: Employs a 12-bit analog-to-digital converter for data acquisition at a sampling rate of 1kHz. The module acquires the output voltage and current of each channel, and the acquired data is processed through I... 2 The C-bus transmits data to the main control unit; Energy recovery module: Collects radio frequency energy when the antenna is idle through a microstrip antenna coupler. The collected energy is converted into 3.3V DC power by a Dickson rectifier circuit. The converted power is stored in a supercapacitor through a charging management chip. When the input power is lost, the core monitoring circuit is maintained to work through a discharge management circuit.

2. The low-power power management module for the highly integrated Ku / 5G dual-mode antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an intelligent wake-up module and a temperature compensation module. The intelligent wake-up module integrates a low-power real-time clock and a level-triggered wake-up trigger, and supports periodic wake-up and external RF signal wake-up. The temperature compensation module has a built-in negative temperature coefficient thermistor and collects temperature through a 10-bit ADC with a sampling period of 1 second. When the temperature is below -20℃, the feedback voltage is finely adjusted through the DAC to automatically increase the output voltage by 1%-3%. When the temperature is above 70℃, the output current is limited to 80% of the rated value through the current limiting circuit, and the cooling fan drive signal is activated at the same time.

3. The low-power power management module for the highly integrated Ku / 5G dual-mode antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a multi-mode switching module and a power path management module. The multi-mode switching module supports manual and automatic switching. The power path management module uses an ideal diode controller to manage the switching between the main power supply and the backup power supply. The forward voltage drop of the ideal diode controller at 1A current does not exceed 30mV. When the main power supply voltage is lower than 2.8V, it automatically switches to the backup power supply with a switching time of no more than 10μs to ensure that the core circuit is uninterrupted. When the main power supply is restored, it switches back to the main power supply first and charges the backup power supply. The charging cutoff voltage is 5.5V±5%.

4. The low-power power management module for the highly integrated Ku / 5G dual-mode antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The output voltage calculation formula of the synchronous buck converter of the high-efficiency DC conversion module is , where Vout is the output voltage; Vin is the input voltage; D is the duty cycle, and the value range is 0 < D < 1; DCR is the DC resistance of the inductor; L is the inductance value; Ts is the switching period, Ts = 1 / switching frequency.

5. The low-power power management module for the highly integrated Ku / 5G dual-mode antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that, The voltage compensation formula for the temperature compensation module is as follows: Where Vcomp is the compensated voltage; Vnom is the nominal voltage at 25℃; K is the temperature coefficient, ranging from -0.01% / ℃ to -0.03% / ℃, set according to different output voltage levels; and T is the actual ambient temperature.

6. The low-power power management module for the highly integrated Ku / 5G dual-mode antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the stored energy of the energy recovery module is as follows: Where E is the releaseable energy; C is the supercapacitor capacity; Vmax is the maximum charging voltage, which is 5.5V; and Vmin is the minimum discharging voltage, which is 2.5V.

7. The low-power power management module for the highly integrated Ku / 5G dual-mode antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that, The automatic switching threshold calculation formula for the multi-mode switching module is as follows: Where Sth is the handover threshold; Sku is the Ku band signal strength, ranging from -110dBm to -50dBm; S5g is the 5G band signal strength, ranging from -110dBm to -50dBm; ΔS is the hysteresis, fixed at 3dB, used to prevent frequent handovers.

8. A method for using a low-power power management module with a highly integrated Ku / 5G dual-mode antenna as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Wide voltage adaptation steps: Receive input voltage from 3.3V to 36V. First, the voltage is detected by the overvoltage protection circuit. When the voltage exceeds 40V, the thyristor short circuit protection is triggered. When the input voltage is reversed, the P-channel MOSFET is turned off to block the current. The voltage is filtered by the π-type electromagnetic compatibility filter to filter out interference signals below 1GHz. Finally, the pre-processed voltage is output to the subsequent modules. High-efficiency conversion steps: The pre-processed voltage input synchronous buck converter converts the voltage to 5V and 3.3V through a 6MHz switching frequency and synchronous rectification technology. The converted voltages are then regulated to 1.8V and 1.2V by a low dropout linear regulator. Under light load conditions, the switching frequency is automatically reduced to 1MHz and enters frequency hopping mode. Dynamic adjustment steps: Real-time monitoring of Ku-band and 5G-band RF signals. When a single-band signal persists for 100ms and the other band has no signal, the redundant power supply channel is turned off by the PMOS switch to cut off the power supply to the corresponding band, so that the static power consumption is controlled to not exceed 10mW. When a dual-band signal is detected, all channels are turned on within 100μs. Status monitoring steps: Collect output voltage and current at a 1kHz sampling rate, output alarm signals and record fault codes, and simultaneously... 2 C uploads the monitoring data; Energy recovery steps: When the antenna is idle, radio frequency energy is collected through a coupler. The energy is converted into 3.3V DC through a 4-stage Dickson rectifier circuit and then stored in a supercapacitor through a charging management chip.

9. The method for low-power power management module of highly integrated Ku / 5G dual-mode antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that, The power consumption optimization formula for the dynamic adjustment step is as follows: Popp is the optimized power consumption; Pfull is the total power consumption when operating in dual-band mode; Nactive is the number of active frequency bands, with a value of 1 or 2; Ntotal is the total number of frequency bands, which is fixed at 2; and Pstatic is the static power consumption of the core circuit, which does not exceed 10mW.

10. The method for low-power power management module of highly integrated Ku / 5G dual-mode antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that, The efficiency calculation method for the energy recovery step is as follows: η is the recovery efficiency; Erec is the energy stored in the supercapacitor; Pin is the input RF power; and t is the recovery time.

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