Flue gas electric precipitation trapping device for thermal power plant
By applying an electric field to the electrostatic precipitator for flue gas in thermal power plants and combining it with water cooling and rapping components, the problem of low dust removal efficiency at high temperatures has been solved, achieving efficient dust removal and heat recovery, and reducing energy waste.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510945098.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-09
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-25
AI Technical Summary
Existing electrostatic precipitators for flue gas in thermal power plants have low dust removal efficiency under high-temperature conditions and cannot recover and utilize heat energy, resulting in energy waste.
A flue gas electrostatic precipitator for thermal power plants is designed. By applying an electric field between the anode plate and the cathode wire to ionize the gas, and using water flow to reduce the temperature of the flue pipe and the anode plate, combined with a rapping component to remove dust, efficient dust removal and heat recovery are achieved.
It improves dust removal efficiency, reduces flue gas temperature, reduces energy waste, and enables the recovery and utilization of heat energy, thereby increasing additional revenue.
Smart Images
Figure CN121004073A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of electrostatic precipitator technology for thermal power plants, and in particular to a flue gas electrostatic precipitator dust collection device for thermal power plants. Background Technology
[0002] In the entire process of coal calcination power generation, there are clear requirements for the dust recovery efficiency in flue gas, whether it is flue gas after-treatment and emission or flue gas dust recovery. Boilers and blast furnaces use raw coal for combustion, converting heat energy into electrical energy. The generated flue gas is denitrified, dust removed, desulfurized and wet electrostatic precipitator, and finally discharged into the atmosphere. The high internal energy of the flue gas determines that it is the main reason for equipment energy consumption. The energy waste of flue gas combustion in boilers accounts for about 15% of the total energy of the entire process.
[0003] Currently, electrostatic precipitators utilize electrostatic fields to ionize gases, causing fine particles in the flue gas to combine with negative ions. Under the influence of electric field forces, these particles are adsorbed onto the anode plate and then settled into the ash collection hopper by a vibrating scraper. Although this method has a high dust collection efficiency, the treated flue gas will enter the desulfurization stage, making it impossible to recover and utilize the heat energy in the flue gas, resulting in energy waste. At the same time, excessively high flue gas temperatures will also affect the efficiency of electrostatic precipitators. Summary of the Invention
[0004] In view of the problems existing in the current flue gas electrostatic precipitator dust collection devices used in thermal power plants, the present invention is proposed.
[0005] The above-mentioned technical problems are solved by the following technical solution: This invention proposes a flue gas electrostatic precipitator for thermal power plants, comprising,
[0006] A tank extending along the X-axis in the length direction, the tank having a smoke inlet and a smoke outlet;
[0007] The dust removal section includes an anode plate disposed in the tank, on which a flue is installed. The length of the flue extends along the X-axis, and the two ends of the flue are opposite to the flue inlet and the flue outlet, respectively. A cathode wire is vertically arranged in the flue. By applying an electric field between the anode plate and the cathode wire, the gas is ionized to generate free electrons and ions. Charged particles move toward the anode plate under the action of the electric field and are eventually adsorbed on the flue.
[0008] The efficiency enhancement component includes a first water chamber located on the outer wall of the tank body and a second water chamber located within the tank body. The first water chamber and the second water chamber are connected, and the flowing water reduces the temperature of the flue pipe and the anode plate, thus avoiding the problem of poor charging effect caused by the reduced resistance of dust in the flue gas.
[0009] In a preferred embodiment of the flue gas electrostatic precipitator for thermal power plants described in this invention: the cathode wire is connected to a power source via a power transformer.
[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the flue gas electrostatic precipitator for thermal power plants described in this invention: a grounding port is provided at the bottom of the tank, and the grounding port is connected to the anode plate by a wire.
[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the flue gas electrostatic precipitator for thermal power plants described in this invention: several flue pipes are provided, and the several flue pipes are evenly distributed on the anode plate to form a flue gas uniform distribution channel.
[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the flue gas electrostatic precipitator for thermal power plants described in this invention: there are three anode plates, one of which is located at the inlet end of the flue pipe, and the other two anode plates are located at the outlet end of the flue pipe.
[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the flue gas electrostatic precipitator for thermal power plants described in this invention: a gap is left between the two anode plates located at the flue outlet end of the flue pipe, and the gap forms the second water cavity. Through holes are equidistantly opened on the inner side of the tank corresponding to the position of the second water cavity, so as to realize the communication between the first water cavity and the second water cavity.
[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the flue gas electrostatic precipitator for thermal power plants described in this invention: an inlet pipe and a return pipe are provided on the outside of the tank, and the inlet pipe and the return pipe are respectively connected to the first water chamber.
[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the flue gas electrostatic precipitator for thermal power plants described in this invention: an ash hopper is provided at the bottom of the flue pipe, and the ash hopper has a conical structure.
[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the flue gas electrostatic precipitator for thermal power plants described in this invention: a rapping assembly is installed on the ash hopper, which is used to vibrate the ash hopper to dislodge and discharge the dust collected inside.
[0017] In a preferred embodiment of the flue gas electrostatic precipitator for thermal power plants described in this invention: the rapping assembly includes a striking component and a linkage component;
[0018] The linkage is used to connect all the ash hoppers, and the striking component transmits vibration to all the ash hoppers by striking the linkage.
[0019] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention utilizes the enhancement component to reduce the temperature of flue gas and anode plate, thereby solving the problem that excessively high flue gas temperature affects dust removal efficiency. This not only improves the dust removal effect, but also allows the heat generated during the cooling process to be used for heat energy recovery, effectively increasing additional revenue. Attached Figure Description
[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below only relate to some embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Wherein:
[0021] Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural diagram of a flue gas electrostatic precipitator for use in thermal power plants is shown.
[0022] Figure 2 This shows a cross-sectional view of the tank in a flue gas electrostatic precipitator for thermal power plants;
[0023] Figure 3 This diagram shows the structure of the dust removal section in a flue gas electrostatic precipitator for thermal power plants.
[0024] Figure 4 The diagram shows the structure of the rapping assembly in the flue gas electrostatic precipitator for thermal power plants.
[0025] Figure 5 It shows Figure 4 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle. Detailed Implementation
[0026] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.
[0027] The terminology used in this invention is that which is currently widely used in the art in consideration of the function of the invention; however, these terms may vary according to the intent of those skilled in the art, precedent, or new technology in the art. Furthermore, specific terms may be chosen by the applicant, and in such cases, their detailed meanings will be described in the detailed description of the invention. Therefore, the terms used in this specification should not be construed as simple names, but rather based on their meanings and the overall description of the invention.
[0028] Reference Figure 1 , 3 -4. This embodiment provides a flue gas electrostatic precipitator for collecting dust in thermal power plants, including...
[0029] Tank 1 extends along the X-axis in the length direction, and tank 1 has a smoke inlet 11 and a smoke outlet 12;
[0030] Specifically, the flue gas inlet 11 of the tank body 1 is connected to the flue gas outlet of the thermal power plant boiler, and the boiler flue gas enters from the flue gas inlet 11;
[0031] The dust removal section 2 includes an anode plate 21 installed in the tank 1. A flue 22 is installed on the anode plate 21. The length of the flue 22 extends along the X-axis, and the two ends of the flue 22 are opposite to the inlet 11 and the outlet 12, respectively. A cathode line 23 is vertically arranged in the flue 22. By applying an electric field between the anode plate 21 and the cathode line 23, the gas is ionized to generate free electrons and ions. Charged particles move towards the anode plate 21 under the action of the electric field and are finally adsorbed on the flue 22. There are three anode plates 21 in total. One anode plate 21 is located at the inlet end of the flue 22, and the other two anode plates 21 are located at the outlet end of the flue 22.
[0032] Specifically, the cathode wire 23 is connected to a power source via a power transformer 24. The flue gas entering from the inlet 11 passes through the flue pipe 22 and is discharged from the outlet 12. During this process, the power transformer 24 boosts the input voltage to a 60-80kV DC high voltage and transmits it to the cathode wire 23, forming a high-voltage negative electrode and generating a strong electric field around it. This causes the gas molecules in the flue gas to ionize, generating free electrons and positive ions. Since the flue pipe 22 is an extension of the anode, its inner wall is at the same potential as the anode plate 21. The free electrons move rapidly toward the inner wall of the flue pipe 22 and collide with dust particles along the way, making them negatively charged. Under the action of the electric field force, the charged dust accelerates along the direction of the electric field lines and migrates perpendicular to the airflow direction toward the inner wall of the flue pipe 22. After the charged dust reaches the inner wall of the flue pipe 22, it adheres to the inner wall of the flue pipe 22 by electrostatic adsorption, while the normal gas is discharged from the bottom of the flue pipe 22, thus achieving the dust removal effect.
[0033] The bottom of the tank 1 is provided with a grounding port 13, which is connected to the anode plate 21 by a wire to ensure that the anode plate 21 has zero potential, prevent the risk of high voltage leakage, meet electrical safety specifications, and achieve the effect of safety protection.
[0034] Several flue pipes 22 are provided, and the several flue pipes 22 are evenly distributed on the anode plate 21 to form a flue gas uniform distribution channel;
[0035] Specifically, the flue pipe 22 and the anode plate 21 are fixed by a seal to ensure that the flue gas can only flow through the flue pipe 22, avoiding the problem of flue gas being discharged without dust removal. The evenly distributed channel formed by several flue pipes 22 can improve the flow effect of flue gas and further increase the dust removal efficiency of flue gas.
[0036] The bottom of the flue 22 is equipped with an ash hopper 25, which has a conical structure and a hole at the top. The hole is used for the discharge of air and soot. During normal dust removal, charged dust is adsorbed on the inner wall of the flue 22 and will not be discharged with the air. After the operation stops, the electric field of the flue 22 disappears, and the dust will detach from the inner wall of the flue 22 and fall naturally under its own weight and be discharged through the hole. The dust discharged from the hole is discharged through the smoke outlet 12.
[0037] Specifically, the smoke outlet 12 is connected to the smoke exhaust pipe, and a dust discharge port is installed at the bottom of the vertical section of the smoke exhaust pipe. The dust discharge port is threaded with a cover, and dust will be discharged when the cover is opened.
[0038] As an optional embodiment:
[0039] Reference Figure 2 In one embodiment provided in this application, a flue gas electrostatic precipitator for thermal power plants further includes an efficiency-enhancing component 3.
[0040] The efficiency enhancement part 3 includes a first water cavity 31 disposed in the outer wall of the tank body 1 and a second water cavity 32 disposed in the tank body 1. The first water cavity 31 and the second water cavity 32 are connected. The flowing water reduces the temperature of the flue pipe 22 and the anode plate 21, avoiding the problem of poor charging effect caused by the reduced resistance of dust in the flue gas.
[0041] A gap is left between the two anode plates 21 located at the smoke outlet end of the smoke pipe 22, which forms a second water cavity 32. Through holes are equidistantly opened on the inner side of the tank body 1 corresponding to the position of the second water cavity 32, so as to realize the connection between the first water cavity 31 and the second water cavity 32.
[0042] A water inlet pipe 14 and a water return pipe 15 are provided on the outside of the tank body 1. The water inlet pipe 14 and the water return pipe 15 are respectively connected to the first water chamber 31. The water inlet pipe 14 is connected to an external water source through a water pump. The water source enters the first water chamber 31 through the water inlet pipe 14. The water source in the first water chamber 31 will reduce the temperature in the tank body 1. At the same time, the water source will also enter the second water chamber 32. The second water chamber 32 is located between two anode plates 21. The water source will absorb the heat from the two anode plates 21 and the surface of the flue pipe 22, effectively reducing the flue gas temperature and the temperature of the anode plates 21, effectively improving the dust removal efficiency. The water source temperature becomes higher after heat exchange. The water source with higher temperature is discharged from the water return pipe 15. The water return pipe 15 transfers the hot water to the transducer, converting the collected heat into electrical energy, realizing heat energy recovery.
[0043] Reasons why high temperature affects dust removal efficiency:
[0044] As the temperature rises, the electrostatic force on the particles in the smoke and dust decreases, while the Saffman lift, Brownian force, and drag all increase. Among them, the drag changes faster with increasing temperature than the electrostatic force.
[0045] Excessive temperature will reduce gas density, lengthen the mean free path of gas molecules, and increase the mobility of gas ions. As a result, the electric field strength required for gas ionization will decrease, and the voltage required for electrical breakdown will also decrease, leading to a narrowing of the operating voltage range of the dust removal equipment and affecting dust removal efficiency.
[0046] At high temperatures, the conductivity of particles in dust mainly occurs internally. As the temperature rises, internal thermal motion intensifies, the number of free ions and free electrons increases, and the resistivity decreases. When the resistivity of dust is too high or too low, it affects the dust removal efficiency.
[0047] As temperature increases, gas viscosity increases, and the resistance of dust particles in the smoke and dust increases, making it easier for dust to be carried out by the airflow, thus leading to a decrease in dust removal efficiency.
[0048] Therefore, lowering the temperature can effectively improve dust removal efficiency and also achieve heat recovery, thereby increasing additional revenue.
[0049] As an optional embodiment:
[0050] Reference Figure 5 In one embodiment provided in this application, a vibrating assembly 26 is installed on the ash hopper 25. The vibrating assembly 26 is used to vibrate the ash hopper 25 to dislodge and discharge the dust collected inside.
[0051] The rapping assembly 26 includes a striking component 261 and a linkage component 262;
[0052] Linkage component 262 is used to connect all ash hoppers 25, and striking component 261 transmits vibration to all ash hoppers 25 by striking linkage component 262.
[0053] Specifically, the striking component 261 includes a motor 2611, with a rotating rod 2612 fixed to the drive end of the motor 2611. An eccentric block 2613 is sleeved and fixed on the rotating rod 2612. When the motor 2611 rotates, it drives the rotating rod 2612 to rotate, which in turn drives the eccentric block 2613 to rotate. When the eccentric block 2613 rotates, it impacts the linkage component 262. The linkage component 262 includes a fixing ring 2621, which is sleeved and fixed on the ash hopper 25. The connected fixing rings 2621 are connected by an elastic steel wire. When the eccentric block 2613 rotates, it impacts the elastic steel wire. After being impacted, the elastic steel wire generates a reverse amplitude. The reverse amplitude is transmitted to each fixing ring 2621 through the elastic steel wire, thereby feeding the vibration back to the ash hopper 25. After the ash hopper 25 vibrates, the dust can be quickly discharged, avoiding the problem of blockage.
[0054] Finally, it should be noted that the methods and devices described in detail above are merely embodiments, and those skilled in the art can modify these embodiments in different ways as long as they do not depart from the scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A flue gas electrostatic precipitator for collecting dust in thermal power plants, characterized in that: include, A tank (1) extending along the X-axis in the length direction, the tank (1) having a smoke inlet (11) and a smoke outlet (12); The dust removal section (2) includes an anode plate (21) installed in the tank (1), a smoke pipe (22) is installed on the anode plate (21), the length direction of the smoke pipe (22) extends along the X-axis, and the two ends of the smoke pipe (22) are opposite to the smoke inlet (11) and the smoke outlet (12) respectively. A cathode line (23) is vertically arranged in the smoke pipe (22). By applying an electric field between the anode plate (21) and the cathode line (23), the gas is ionized to generate free electrons and ions. Charged particles move towards the anode plate (21) under the action of the electric field and are finally adsorbed on the smoke pipe (22). The enhancement part (3) includes a first water cavity (31) disposed in the outer wall of the tank (1) and a second water cavity (32) disposed in the tank (1). The first water cavity (31) and the second water cavity (32) are connected. The flowing water reduces the temperature of the flue pipe (22) and the anode plate (21) to avoid the problem of poor charging effect caused by the reduced resistance of dust in the flue gas.
2. The flue gas electrostatic precipitator for thermal power plants according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cathode wire (23) is connected to a power source via a power transformer (24).
3. The flue gas electrostatic precipitator for thermal power plants according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom of the tank (1) is provided with a grounding port (13), and the grounding port (13) is connected to the anode plate (21) by a wire.
4. The flue gas electrostatic precipitator for thermal power plants according to claim 3, characterized in that: The flue pipe (22) is provided with several pipes, which are evenly distributed on the anode plate (21) to form a flue gas distribution channel.
5. The flue gas electrostatic precipitator for thermal power plants according to claim 4, characterized in that: There are three anode plates (21), one of which is located at the smoke inlet end of the smoke pipe (22), and the other two are located at the smoke outlet end of the smoke pipe (22).
6. The flue gas electrostatic precipitator for thermal power plants according to claim 5, characterized in that: A gap is left between the two anode plates (21) located at the smoke outlet end of the smoke pipe (22), which forms the second water cavity (32). The inner side of the tank (1) is provided with through holes at equal intervals corresponding to the position of the second water cavity (32) to realize the communication between the first water cavity (31) and the second water cavity (32).
7. The flue gas electrostatic precipitator for thermal power plants according to claim 6, characterized in that: The tank body (1) is provided with an inlet pipe (14) and a return pipe (15) on the outside, and the inlet pipe (14) and the return pipe (15) are respectively connected to the first water chamber (31).
8. The flue gas electrostatic precipitator for thermal power plants according to claim 7, characterized in that: The bottom of the flue (22) is provided with an ash hopper (25), which has a conical structure.
9. The flue gas electrostatic precipitator for thermal power plants according to claim 8, characterized in that: The ash hopper (25) is equipped with a vibrating assembly (26), which is used to vibrate the ash hopper (25) to dislodge and discharge the dust inside.
10. The flue gas electrostatic precipitator for thermal power plants according to claim 9, characterized in that: The vibrating assembly (26) includes a striking component (261) and a linkage component (262); The linkage (262) is used to connect all the ash hoppers (25), and the striking member (261) transmits vibration to all the ash hoppers (25) by striking the linkage (262).