Shield soil pressure intelligent adjusting method based on deslagging condition and ground surface settlement

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent shield soil pressure adjusting method based on deslagging condition and ground surface settlement, which comprises the following steps of: 1, starting tunneling by a shield tunneling machine, acquiring real-time tunneling data, inputting boundary parameters such as soil layer moisture content and weight, and judging whether slag soil is measured by wet weight or dry weight according to soil property information and the real-time tunneling data; 2, calculating to obtain a theoretical deslagging weight m < theory >, a theoretical deslagging volume V < theory >, an actual deslagging weight m < actual > and an actual deslagging volume V < actual >; and 3, determining the soil pressure parameter adjustment value of the shield tunneling machine according to the theoretical slag tapping values m < theory > and v < theory > and the actual slag tapping values m < actual > and v < actual >. The invention relates to the technical field of shield construction, and can overcome the defects in the prior art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel boring machine (TBM) construction technology, and in particular to an intelligent method for adjusting earth pressure in TBMs based on slag discharge conditions and surface settlement. Background Technology

[0002] Shield tunneling is a mechanized underground tunnel construction technology that uses a tunnel boring machine (TBM) to excavate underground while simultaneously assembling tunnel segments to form the tunnel lining. It integrates excavation, support, and muck removal functions. During the TBM's advancement, the condition of the excavated muck effectively reflects the soil loss at the excavation face. This information can be used not only to warn of construction risks such as runoff but also directly relates to the earth pressure balance and the stability of the surrounding soil. Therefore, real-time monitoring of the muck removal during the TBM's advancement and timely adjustment of construction parameters such as earth pressure are valuable for earth pressure control and crucial for reducing construction risks and disturbances.

[0003] Setting reasonable earth pressure control values ​​and maintaining excavation face stability are crucial for ensuring construction safety and controlling surface settlement during tunnel boring machine (TBM) construction. For example, Chinese invention patent application CN112647957A discloses an intelligent earth pressure control method and system for earth pressure balance TBMs. This method uses a backpropagation (BP) neural network to learn the correlation between construction parameters and earth pressure values, thus forming an intelligent control model. Subsequently, real-time construction data is used as input data, enabling the model to automatically output a reasonable earth pressure control target value and adjust the earth chamber pressure according to this target value.

[0004] For example, Chinese invention patent application CN116427949A discloses an autonomous intelligent control method and system for earth pressure balance of a tunnel boring machine. Based on the geological environment of the tunnel boring machine, the method collects data such as the water pressure parameters behind the shield tail and the water pressure parameters in front of the cutterhead to calculate the target earth pressure value. It uses a depth deterministic strategy gradient model to generate a control strategy and dynamically adjusts key parameters such as the advance speed, cutterhead speed, and screw conveyor speed to maintain the balance between the earth pressure in the sealed chamber and the water and soil pressure at the excavation face.

[0005] For example, Chinese invention patent application CN105971615A discloses a dynamic feedback adjustment method for controlling earth pressure balance in tunnel boring machines. This method uses the water pressure value of the excavated strata, modified according to the construction environment and experience, as the preset value for the earth pressure chamber. During the tunneling process, surface settlement is monitored in real time, and the earth pressure chamber pressure is adjusted according to the settlement trend.

[0006] Existing earth pressure control methods have the following shortcomings:

[0007] 1. Existing earth pressure control methods typically employ machine learning to learn relationships from historical data. The tunneling control process resembles a black box model, resulting in low interpretability of predicted earth pressure values. Furthermore, these methods may exhibit poor fit to new environments.

[0008] 2. Existing earth pressure control methods typically monitor excavated soil by directly measuring its volume or weight, without considering the impact of other environmental factors on the measurement of excavated soil during actual tunneling.

[0009] Therefore, there is a need to provide an intelligent adjustment method for shield tunnel earth pressure based on slag discharge and surface settlement, which can solve the shortcomings of existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The purpose of this invention is to provide an intelligent adjustment method for shield tunnel earth pressure based on slag discharge and surface settlement, which can overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology.

[0011] This invention is implemented as follows:

[0012] A method for intelligent adjustment of earth pressure in tunnel boring machines based on slag discharge and surface settlement includes the following steps:

[0013] Step 1: The tunnel boring machine starts tunneling, collects real-time tunneling data, and enters boundary parameters: soil moisture content and unit weight. Based on soil information and real-time tunneling data, it is determined whether the excavated soil should be measured by wet weight or dry weight.

[0014] Step 2: Calculate the theoretical slag weight m 理论 Theoretical slag volume V 理论 And the actual slag weight m 实际 Actual slag volume V 实际 ;

[0015] Step 3: Based on the theoretical value of slag discharge m 理论 v 理论 And the actual value of slag discharge m 实际 v 实际 Determine the adjustment values ​​for the earth pressure parameters of the tunnel boring machine.

[0016] Step 1 includes the following sub-steps:

[0017] Step 1.1: Collect soil information, which includes the distribution of soil layers in each ring during the tunnel boring machine's excavation, as well as the water content and unit weight of each soil layer;

[0018] Step 1.2: Determine whether there is moisture content in the boundary parameters input in Step 1. If not, that is, the soil moisture content and unit weight data of the current ring are missing, then proceed to Step 1.4. If yes, that is, the soil moisture content and unit weight information exist, then proceed to Step 1.3 for further judgment.

[0019] Step 1.3: After the tunnel boring machine (TBM) starts tunneling, collect the belt conveyor speed data of the TBM in real time. Determine whether the belt conveyor speed is abnormal based on the belt conveyor speed data. At the same time, manually check whether there is standing water on the surface of the excavated soil. If the belt conveyor speed is abnormal or there is standing water on the surface of the excavated soil, proceed to step 1.4; otherwise, proceed to step 1.5.

[0020] Step 1.4: Calculate the actual weight of slag using wet weight, then proceed to Step 1.6;

[0021] Step 1.5: Calculate the actual slag weight using dry weight, then proceed to Step 1.6;

[0022] Step 1.6: Confirm the measurement method for the waste soil.

[0023] In step 2, the formula for calculating the theoretical slag volume is:

[0024]

[0025] Where L is the cutting length of the excavated slag and soil, and D is the diameter of the shield excavation.

[0026] If the wet weight method is used for calculation, the formula for calculating the theoretical slag weight is:

[0027]

[0028] Where γ is the unit weight of the soil and g is the acceleration due to gravity;

[0029] If the dry weight method is used for calculation, the formula for calculating the theoretical slag weight is:

[0030]

[0031] Where ω represents the water content of the corresponding soil layer;

[0032] Actual slag weight (m) 实际 Actual slag volume v 实际 All data are identified and collected by intelligent detection equipment.

[0033] Step 3 includes the following sub-steps:

[0034] Step 3.1: Calculate the weighing offset Δm between the theoretical slag weight and the actual slag weight. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0035]

[0036] Step 3.2: Calculate the volume offset Δv between the theoretical slag volume and the actual slag volume. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0037]

[0038] Step 3.3: Set three weighing grade deviations for the symmetrical weighing offset Δm and two volume grade deviations for the volume offset Δv;

[0039] Step 3.4: Determine the earth pressure parameter adjustment value and the advance speed adjustment value of the tunnel boring machine based on the level of weighing offset and volume offset.

[0040] In step 3.3, a weighing offset Δm ≥ 10% is a third-level deviation, 5% ≤ weighing offset Δm < 10% is a second-level deviation, and weighing offset Δm < 5% is a first-level deviation.

[0041] In step 3.3, a volume offset Δv ≥ 10% is a second-level deviation, and a volume offset Δv < 10% is a first-level deviation.

[0042] In step 3.4, if the weighing offset shows a level three deviation, the tunnel boring machine will be stopped from advancing.

[0043] If a second-order deviation occurs in the weighing offset, it is determined whether there is settlement monitoring data in front of the cut. If there is settlement monitoring data, it is determined whether the single settlement data is greater than 3mm. If the single settlement data is not greater than 3mm or there is no settlement monitoring data, it is determined whether the average value of the current cut volume and the corresponding cut volume collected in the previous ten rings exceeds the preset first threshold. If it exceeds the first threshold, it is determined whether two consecutive weighings reach the second-order deviation. If so, and the current weighing offset is within the range of [5%, 7%), the earth pressure parameter of the tunnel boring machine is adjusted to 0.1 bar. If so, and the current weighing offset is within the range of [7%, 10%), the earth pressure parameter of the tunnel boring machine is adjusted to 0.2 bar. If it does not exceed the first threshold or two consecutive weighings do not reach the second-order deviation, the earth pressure parameter of the tunnel boring machine is not adjusted.

[0044] If a single settlement data point is greater than 3mm, determine whether the cumulative settlement value has reached the preset second threshold. If yes, and the current weighing offset is within the range of [5%, 7%), then the earth pressure parameter adjustment value of the tunnel boring machine is 0.2 bar. If yes, and the current weighing offset is within the range of [7%, 10%), then the earth pressure parameter adjustment value of the tunnel boring machine is 0.3 bar. If no, and the current weighing offset is within the range of [5%, 7%), then the earth pressure parameter adjustment value of the tunnel boring machine is 0.1 bar. If no, and the current weighing offset is within the range of [7%, 10%), then the earth pressure parameter adjustment value of the tunnel boring machine is 0.2 bar.

[0045] If the weighing offset shows a first-level deviation, it is determined whether there is settlement monitoring data in front of the cut. If there is no settlement monitoring data, it is determined whether the average value of the current cut volume and the corresponding cut volume collected in the previous ten rings exceeds the preset first threshold. If it exceeds the first threshold, it is determined whether two consecutive volume offsets are second-level deviations. If so, the current cut volume offset is compared with the preset third threshold to determine the adjustment amount of the advance speed. If not, the tunnel boring machine advance speed is not adjusted. If it does not exceed the first threshold, no parameter value is adjusted.

[0046] If there is settlement monitoring data, determine whether a single settlement data is greater than 3mm. If so, and two consecutive volume offsets are of the second-level deviation, then adjust the earth pressure parameter adjustment value of the tunnel boring machine according to the settlement monitoring data.

[0047] If there is settlement monitoring data, determine whether a single settlement data point is greater than 3mm. If so, and there are no two consecutive volume offsets that are at the second-level deviation, then no parameter values ​​will be adjusted.

[0048] If there is settlement monitoring data, determine whether a single settlement data is greater than 3mm. If not, and two consecutive volume offsets are of the second-level deviation, compare the current cut volume offset with the preset third threshold to determine the adjustment amount of the advance speed.

[0049] If there is settlement monitoring data, determine whether a single settlement data point is greater than 3mm. If not, and there are no two consecutive volume offsets that are at the second-level deviation, then no parameter values ​​are adjusted.

[0050] The adjustment rules for adjusting the earth pressure parameters of the tunnel boring machine based on settlement monitoring data are as follows: if 3mm < single settlement value ≤ 5mm, the earth pressure adjustment value is 0.1 bar; if 5mm < single settlement value ≤ 8mm, the earth pressure adjustment value is 0.2 bar; if single settlement value ≥ 8mm, the earth pressure adjustment value is 0.3 bar.

[0051] The adjustment rule for determining the adjustment amount of the propulsion speed by comparing the current cut volume offset with the preset third threshold is as follows: if the current cut volume offset does not exceed the third threshold, the propulsion speed value does not need to be adjusted; if the current cut volume offset exceeds the third threshold, the adjustment amount of the propulsion speed is 20%.

[0052] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0053] 1. This invention considers factors such as current soil conditions and actual construction conditions to monitor the slag discharge situation, and dynamically adjusts the slag discharge and soil volume measurement and estimation method according to relevant influencing factors to improve the estimation accuracy of slag discharge volume.

[0054] 2. Based on construction experience, this invention sets relevant judgment rules and dynamically adjusts construction parameters by matching the actual muck discharge and settlement monitoring results with the rules. It can automatically adjust the earth pressure and advance speed of the tunnel boring machine, realize the matching of earth pressure adjustment with actual stratum pressure, and has a high degree of intelligence in muck discharge control. This is conducive to maintaining the stability of the excavation face and can better adapt to different new construction environments. Attached Figure Description

[0055] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of steps 1 and 2 in the intelligent adjustment method of shield tunnel earth pressure based on slag discharge and surface settlement of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of step 3 in the intelligent adjustment method of shield tunnel earth pressure based on slag discharge and surface settlement of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0057] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0058] Please see the appendix Figure 1 and attached Figure 2 A method for intelligent adjustment of earth pressure in tunnel boring machines based on slag discharge and surface settlement includes the following steps:

[0059] Step 1: The tunnel boring machine begins tunneling, collects real-time tunneling data, and enters boundary parameters such as soil moisture content and unit weight. Based on soil information and real-time tunneling data, it is determined whether the excavated soil should be measured by wet weight or dry weight.

[0060] Step 1 includes the following sub-steps:

[0061] Step 1.1: Collect soil information, which includes the distribution of soil layers in each ring during the tunnel boring machine's excavation, as well as the water content and unit weight of each soil layer;

[0062] Step 1.2: Determine whether there is moisture content in the boundary parameters input in Step 1. If not, that is, the soil moisture content and unit weight data of the current ring are missing, then proceed to Step 1.4. If yes, that is, the soil moisture content and unit weight information exist, then proceed to Step 1.3 for further judgment.

[0063] Step 1.3: After the tunnel boring machine (TBM) begins tunneling, the speed data of the TBM's conveyor belt is collected in real time. Based on the conveyor belt speed data, it is determined whether the conveyor belt speed is abnormal. At the same time, the surface of the excavated soil is manually checked for any standing water. If the conveyor belt speed is abnormal or there is standing water on the surface of the excavated soil, proceed to step 1.4; otherwise, proceed to step 1.5.

[0064] Preferably, a stable speed of the conveyor belt is set during the tunnel boring machine excavation. When the speed of the conveyor belt exceeds the stable speed by ±20%, it is judged that the speed of the conveyor belt is abnormal.

[0065] Preferably, a manual button can be installed on the tunnel boring machine. When the underground technicians observe that there is water on the surface of the excavated soil, they can press the manual button and collect the field of the manual button. If the manual button is pressed, the field is 1; if the manual button is not pressed, the field is 0.

[0066] Step 1.4: Calculate the actual weight of slag using wet weight, then proceed to Step 1.6;

[0067] Step 1.5: Calculate the actual slag weight using dry weight, then proceed to Step 1.6;

[0068] Step 1.6: Confirm the measurement method for the waste soil.

[0069] Step 2: Calculate the theoretical slag weight m 理论 Theoretical slag volume V 理论 And the actual slag weight m 实际 Actual slag volume V 实际 .

[0070] In step 2, the formula for calculating the theoretical slag volume is:

[0071]

[0072] Where L is the cutting length of the excavated slag and soil, and D is the diameter of the shield excavation.

[0073] If the wet weight method is used for calculation, the formula for calculating the theoretical slag weight is:

[0074]

[0075] Where γ is the unit weight of the soil and g is the acceleration due to gravity.

[0076] If the dry weight method is used for calculation, the formula for calculating the theoretical slag weight is:

[0077]

[0078] Where ω represents the water content of the corresponding soil layer.

[0079] Actual slag weight (m) 实际 Actual slag volume v 实际 All data are identified and collected by existing intelligent detection equipment; the actual slag weight is measured in m. 实际 Actual slag volume v 实际 The detection method is a conventional technique in this field, and its specific process will not be described in detail here.

[0080] The theoretical slag weight calculated using either wet or dry weight methods is hereinafter referred to as m. 理论 .

[0081] Preferably, the actual volume of the excavated slag can be obtained by using existing automatic scanning technology. Automatic scanning technology is a commonly used method in this field for measuring the actual volume of excavated slag, and its specific process will not be described in detail here. The actual weight of the excavated slag can be obtained by weighing.

[0082] Step 3: Based on the theoretical slag weight m 理论 (m 理论 Based on whether the wet weight calculation method or the dry weight calculation method is m 总(理论) or m 干(理论) ), v 理论 And the actual slag weight m 实际 v 实际 Determine the adjustment values ​​for the earth pressure parameters of the tunnel boring machine.

[0083] Step 3 includes the following sub-steps:

[0084] Step 3.1: Calculate the weighing offset Δm between the theoretical slag weight and the actual slag weight. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0085]

[0086] Step 3.2: Calculate the volume offset Δv between the theoretical slag volume and the actual slag volume. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0087]

[0088] Step 3.3: Set three weighing level deviations for the symmetrical weighing offset Δm and two volume level deviations for the volume offset Δv.

[0089] Preferably, a weighing offset Δm ≥ 10% is classified as a third-level deviation, 5% ≤ weighing offset Δm < 10% is classified as a second-level deviation, and weighing offset Δm < 5% is classified as a first-level deviation.

[0090] Preferably, a volume offset Δv ≥ 10% is considered a second-level deviation, and a volume offset Δv < 10% is considered a first-level deviation.

[0091] Step 3.4: Determine the adjustment values ​​for the earth pressure parameters and the advance speed of the tunnel boring machine based on the levels of weighing offset and volume offset. The specific adjustment rules are as follows:

[0092] If the weighing offset shows a level three deviation, the tunnel boring machine will be stopped from advancing.

[0093] If a second-order deviation occurs in the weighing offset, it is determined whether there is settlement monitoring data in front of the cut. If there is settlement monitoring data, it is determined whether the single settlement data is greater than 3mm. If the single settlement data is not greater than 3mm or there is no settlement monitoring data, it is determined whether the difference between the current cutting volume and the average value of the corresponding cutting volume collected in the previous ten rings exceeds the preset first threshold (this first threshold can be set according to the actual construction conditions and construction safety standards). If it exceeds the first threshold, it is determined whether two consecutive weighings have reached the second-order deviation. If so, and the current weighing offset is within the range of [5%, 7%), the earth pressure parameter of the tunnel boring machine is adjusted to 0.1 bar. If so, and the current weighing offset is within the range of [7%, 10%), the earth pressure parameter of the tunnel boring machine is adjusted to 0.2 bar. If not, or if two consecutive weighings have not reached the second-order deviation, the earth pressure parameter of the tunnel boring machine is not adjusted.

[0094] During the tunnel boring machine (TBM) construction process, ground settlement monitoring is one of the essential conditions for ensuring the safe progress of the TBM construction and is also a routine monitoring method in this field. The process of acquiring settlement monitoring data will not be elaborated here.

[0095] If a single settlement data point is greater than 3mm, determine whether the cumulative settlement value has reached the preset second threshold (preferably, the second threshold can be set to [10mm, 30mm]). If yes, and the current weighing offset is within the range of [5%, 7%), then the earth pressure parameter adjustment value of the tunnel boring machine is 0.2 bar. If yes, and the current weighing offset is within the range of [7%, 10%), then the earth pressure parameter adjustment value of the tunnel boring machine is 0.3 bar. If no, and the current weighing offset is within the range of [5%, 7%), then the earth pressure parameter adjustment value of the tunnel boring machine is 0.1 bar. If yes, and the current weighing offset is within the range of [7%, 10%), then the earth pressure parameter adjustment value of the tunnel boring machine is 0.2 bar.

[0096] When settlement data is available, the sign of the earth pressure parameter adjustment value is determined based on the soil settlement situation. If ground heave occurs, the sign of the earth pressure parameter adjustment value is negative, for example, -0.1 bar; if ground settlement occurs, the sign of the earth pressure parameter adjustment value is positive, for example, +0.1 bar. When settlement data is not available, if the current cut volume is greater than the average of the corresponding cut volumes collected in the previous ten rings, the sign of the earth pressure parameter adjustment value is positive, for example, +0.1 bar; if the current cut volume is less than the average of the corresponding cut volumes collected in the previous ten rings, the sign of the earth pressure parameter adjustment value is negative, for example, -0.1 bar.

[0097] If the weighing offset shows a first-level deviation, it is determined whether there is settlement monitoring data ahead of the cut. If there is no settlement monitoring data, it is determined whether the average value of the current cut volume and the corresponding cut volume collected in the previous ten rings exceeds the preset first threshold (this first threshold can be set according to the actual construction conditions and construction safety standards). If it exceeds the first threshold, it is determined whether two consecutive volume offsets are second-level deviations. If so, the current cut volume offset is compared with the preset third threshold to determine the adjustment amount of the advance speed. If not, the tunnel boring machine advance speed is not adjusted. If it does not exceed the first threshold, no parameter value is adjusted.

[0098] If settlement monitoring data is available, determine whether a single settlement data point is greater than 3mm. If so, and two consecutive volume offsets are classified as Level II deviations, adjust the earth pressure parameters of the tunnel boring machine based on the settlement monitoring data.

[0099] Preferably, if 3mm < single settlement value ≤ 5mm, the earth pressure adjustment value is 0.1 bar; if 5mm < single settlement value ≤ 8mm, the earth pressure adjustment value is 0.2 bar; if single settlement value ≥ 8mm, the earth pressure adjustment value is 0.3 bar.

[0100] If there is settlement monitoring data, determine whether a single settlement data point is greater than 3mm. If not, and there are no two consecutive volume offsets that are at the second-level deviation, then the earth pressure parameters of the tunnel boring machine will not be adjusted.

[0101] If there is settlement monitoring data, determine whether a single settlement data is greater than 3mm. If not, and two consecutive volume offsets are of the second-level deviation, compare the current cut volume offset with the preset third threshold (the third threshold can be set according to the actual construction conditions) to determine the adjustment amount of the advancing speed.

[0102] Preferably, if the current cut volume offset does not exceed the third threshold, the propulsion speed does not need to be adjusted; if the current cut volume offset exceeds the third threshold, the propulsion speed is adjusted by 20%.

[0103] The adjustment amount of the advancing speed can also be set adaptively according to the actual construction needs. The sign of the adjustment amount of the advancing speed is determined according to the settlement situation. If the ground rises, the sign of the adjustment amount of the advancing speed is negative, i.e., -20%; if the ground settles, the sign of the adjustment amount of the advancing speed is positive, i.e., +20%.

[0104] If there is settlement monitoring data, determine whether a single settlement data point is greater than 3mm. If not, and there are no two consecutive volume offsets that are classified as Level 2 deviations, then the propulsion speed will not be adjusted.

[0105] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the invention. Therefore, any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for intelligent adjustment of earth pressure in shield tunneling machines based on slag discharge conditions and surface settlement, characterized by: Includes the following steps: Step 1: The tunnel boring machine starts tunneling, collects real-time tunneling data, and enters boundary parameters: soil moisture content and unit weight. Based on soil information and real-time tunneling data, it is determined whether the excavated soil should be measured by wet weight or dry weight. Step 2: Calculate the theoretical slag weight m 理论 Theoretical slag volume V 理论 And the actual slag weight m 实际 Actual slag volume V 实际 ; Step 3: Based on the theoretical value of slag discharge m 理论 v 理论 And the actual value of slag discharge m 实际 v 实际 Determine the adjustment values ​​for the earth pressure parameters of the tunnel boring machine.

2. The intelligent adjustment method for shield tunnel earth pressure based on slag discharge and surface settlement as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Step 1 includes the following sub-steps: Step 1.1: Collect soil information, which includes the distribution of soil layers in each ring during the tunnel boring machine's excavation, as well as the water content and unit weight of each soil layer; Step 1.2: Determine whether there is moisture content in the boundary parameters input in Step 1. If not, that is, the soil moisture content and unit weight data of the current ring are missing, then proceed to Step 1.

4. If yes, that is, the soil moisture content and unit weight information exist, then proceed to Step 1.3 for further judgment. Step 1.3: After the tunnel boring machine (TBM) starts tunneling, collect the belt conveyor speed data of the TBM in real time. Determine whether the belt conveyor speed is abnormal based on the belt conveyor speed data. At the same time, manually check whether there is standing water on the surface of the excavated soil. If the belt conveyor speed is abnormal or there is standing water on the surface of the excavated soil, proceed to step 1.4; otherwise, proceed to step 1.

5. Step 1.4: Calculate the actual weight of slag using wet weight, then proceed to Step 1.6; Step 1.5: Calculate the actual slag weight using dry weight, then proceed to Step 1.6; Step 1.6: Confirm the measurement method for the waste soil.

3. The intelligent adjustment method for shield tunnel earth pressure based on slag discharge and surface settlement as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, the formula for calculating the theoretical slag volume is as follows: Where L is the cutting length of the excavated slag and soil, and D is the diameter of the shield excavation. If the wet weight method is used for calculation, the formula for calculating the theoretical slag weight is: Where γ is the unit weight of the soil and g is the acceleration due to gravity; If the dry weight method is used for calculation, the formula for calculating the theoretical slag weight is: Where ω represents the water content of the corresponding soil layer; Actual slag weight (m) 实际 Actual slag volume v 实际 All data are identified and collected by intelligent detection equipment.

4. The intelligent adjustment method for shield tunnel earth pressure based on slag discharge and surface settlement as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Step 3 includes the following sub-steps: Step 3.1: Calculate the weighing offset Δm between the theoretical slag weight and the actual slag weight. The calculation formula is as follows: Step 3.2: Calculate the volume offset Δv between the theoretical slag volume and the actual slag volume. The calculation formula is as follows: Step 3.3: Set three weighing grade deviations for the symmetrical weighing offset Δm and two volume grade deviations for the volume offset Δv; Step 3.4: Determine the earth pressure parameter adjustment value and the advance speed adjustment value of the tunnel boring machine based on the level of weighing offset and volume offset.

5. The intelligent adjustment method for shield tunnel earth pressure based on slag discharge and surface settlement as described in claim 4, characterized in that: In step 3.3, a weighing offset Δm ≥ 10% is a third-level deviation, 5% ≤ weighing offset Δm < 10% is a second-level deviation, and weighing offset Δm < 5% is a first-level deviation.

6. The intelligent adjustment method for shield tunnel earth pressure based on slag discharge and surface settlement as described in claim 4, characterized in that: In step 3.3, a volume offset Δv ≥ 10% is a second-level deviation, and a volume offset Δv < 10% is a first-level deviation.

7. The intelligent adjustment method for shield tunnel earth pressure based on slag discharge and surface settlement as described in claim 4, characterized in that: In step 3.4, if the weighing offset shows a level three deviation, the tunnel boring machine will be stopped from advancing. If a second-order deviation occurs in the weighing offset, it is determined whether there is settlement monitoring data in front of the cut. If there is settlement monitoring data, it is determined whether the single settlement data is greater than 3mm. If the single settlement data is not greater than 3mm or there is no settlement monitoring data, it is determined whether the average value of the current cut volume and the corresponding cut volume collected in the previous ten rings exceeds the preset first threshold. If it exceeds the first threshold, it is determined whether two consecutive weighings reach the second-order deviation. If so, and the current weighing offset is within the range of [5%, 7%), the earth pressure parameter of the tunnel boring machine is adjusted to 0.1 bar. If so, and the current weighing offset is within the range of [7%, 10%), the earth pressure parameter of the tunnel boring machine is adjusted to 0.2 bar. If it does not exceed the first threshold or two consecutive weighings do not reach the second-order deviation, the earth pressure parameter of the tunnel boring machine is not adjusted. If a single settlement data point is greater than 3mm, determine whether the cumulative settlement value has reached the preset second threshold. If yes, and the current weighing offset is within the range of [5%, 7%), then the earth pressure parameter adjustment value of the tunnel boring machine is 0.2 bar. If yes, and the current weighing offset is within the range of [7%, 10%), then the earth pressure parameter adjustment value of the tunnel boring machine is 0.3 bar. If no, and the current weighing offset is within the range of [5%, 7%), then the earth pressure parameter adjustment value of the tunnel boring machine is 0.1 bar. If no, and the current weighing offset is within the range of [7%, 10%), then the earth pressure parameter adjustment value of the tunnel boring machine is 0.2 bar. If the weighing offset shows a first-level deviation, it is determined whether there is settlement monitoring data in front of the cut. If there is no settlement monitoring data, it is determined whether the average value of the current cut volume and the corresponding cut volume collected in the previous ten rings exceeds the preset first threshold. If it exceeds the first threshold, it is determined whether two consecutive volume offsets are second-level deviations. If so, the current cut volume offset is compared with the preset third threshold to determine the adjustment amount of the advance speed. If not, the tunnel boring machine advance speed is not adjusted. If it does not exceed the first threshold, no parameter value is adjusted. If there is settlement monitoring data, determine whether a single settlement data is greater than 3mm. If so, and two consecutive volume offsets are of the second-level deviation, then adjust the earth pressure parameter adjustment value of the tunnel boring machine according to the settlement monitoring data. If there is settlement monitoring data, determine whether a single settlement data point is greater than 3mm. If so, and there are no two consecutive volume offsets that are at the second-level deviation, then no parameter values ​​will be adjusted. If there is settlement monitoring data, determine whether a single settlement data is greater than 3mm. If not, and two consecutive volume offsets are of the second-level deviation, compare the current cut volume offset with the preset third threshold to determine the adjustment amount of the advance speed. If there is settlement monitoring data, determine whether a single settlement data point is greater than 3mm. If not, and there are no two consecutive volume offsets that are at the second-level deviation, then no parameter values ​​are adjusted.

8. The intelligent adjustment method for shield tunnel earth pressure based on slag discharge and surface settlement as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The adjustment rules for adjusting the earth pressure parameters of the tunnel boring machine based on settlement monitoring data are as follows: if 3mm < single settlement value ≤ 5mm, the earth pressure adjustment value is 0.1 bar; if 5mm < single settlement value ≤ 8mm, the earth pressure adjustment value is 0.2 bar; if single settlement value ≥ 8mm, the earth pressure adjustment value is 0.3 bar.

9. The intelligent adjustment method for shield tunnel earth pressure based on slag discharge and surface settlement as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The adjustment rule for determining the adjustment amount of the propulsion speed by comparing the current cut volume offset with the preset third threshold is as follows: if the current cut volume offset does not exceed the third threshold, the propulsion speed value does not need to be adjusted; if the current cut volume offset exceeds the third threshold, the adjustment amount of the propulsion speed is 20%.

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