Inclination measurement and analysis method for concrete tower drum of wind turbine generator

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for measuring and analyzing inclination of a concrete tower drum of a wind turbine generator. The method comprises the following steps: determining positions of a distribution station, a replacement station and a measuring point of a total station; detecting the roundness of the ring piece; performing seam dislocation detection on the ring piece; the horizontal deviation of the circle centers of the upper observation surface and the lower observation surface and the height difference of the upper observation surface and the lower observation surface are calculated, and the gradient of the wind turbine generator tower is calculated; the maximum settlement amount and the inclination direction are calculated, and the tower drum inclination amount caused by differential settlement of the foundation is obtained; the tower drum inclination amount and the tower drum inclination direction caused by the wind load are calculated through vector operation; judging whether the wind load affects the inclination of the tower drum or not; and comprehensive evaluation is carried out, roundness and a joint dislocation abnormal area are determined, and processing suggestions are provided. Various tower inclination reasons can be accurately identified, a scientific basis is provided for operation and maintenance management of a wind power plant, and safe and efficient operation of a wind turbine generator is guaranteed.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of wind power, in particular to a wind turbine concrete tower inclination measurement and analysis method. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, in the aspect of wind turbine support structure, the concrete tower is widely used in actual engineering due to its good stability and large rigidity. As a basic unit of the concrete tower, the precast concrete ring piece is easily affected by multiple factors during service. The abnormal ring piece roundness, installation error and other construction reasons, and the foundation uneven settlement and wind load and other long-term operation reasons can all cause the inclination of the concrete tower. In extreme cases, the inclination can even cause the tower to collapse, causing serious safety accidents.

[0003] In order to accurately measure the inclination of the tower, the following four main influencing factors need to be considered in actual engineering: (1) Abnormal deviation of tower roundness; The abnormal roundness can be caused by insufficient mold machining precision or process defects during the manufacturing process of large-diameter precast concrete ring pieces, and can also be formed in the transportation, installation and operation stages, such as Figure 1 As shown in Figure 1 p1 and p2 are both abnormal roundness areas, and p3 and p4 are both normal roundness areas. According to the GB / T 19072 “Wind Turbine Tower” standard, the abnormal roundness judgment standard is that the deviation rate of each ring piece diameter from the nominal diameter is not more than 1%. The inclination direction caused by this factor often has no clear direction and has the characteristics of randomness; (2) Ring piece plane misalignment deviation; If the construction process is not properly controlled during the hoisting and splicing process of the tower ring piece, the misalignment deviation of the ring piece splicing can also be caused, such as Figure 2 As shown in. According to the “Wind Turbine Concrete-Steel Hybrid Tower Construction Specification” (NB / T 10908-2021), the tower inclination Δ2 caused by the misalignment error of the concrete tower ring piece plane joint shall not exceed 5mm. The inclination direction caused by this factor is related to the ring piece splicing direction; (3) Foundation uneven settlement; During the construction and operation of the wind turbine, the foundation can produce uneven settlement due to factors such as geological conditions, surveying and design defects, construction quality problems or underground water action. The inclination of the tower caused by this factor often has obvious directionality (consistent with the foundation settlement direction, which can be determined by settlement observation), and can cause the whole wind turbine to collapse in severe cases; (4) Tower structure deformation caused by long-term action of wind load; The time-varying nature and directional uncertainty of wind loads can lead to cumulative fatigue damage to the tower itself, causing the tower structure to tilt due to a decrease in stiffness in the prevailing wind direction. The tilting direction is usually basically consistent with the prevailing wind frequency direction.

[0004] Currently, the main method for on-site measurement of wind turbine tower tilt is the total station method. This method uses a high-precision total station to measure the observation surfaces at the bottom and top of the tower, acquiring their three-dimensional coordinate data. By processing this data, the amount and azimuth of the tower tilt are calculated, thus determining the tower's tilt angle. However, in traditional total station measurement practice, different types of tilt are often not clearly distinguished, making it difficult to provide accurate and targeted recommendations to the owner, thus affecting the practicality and reliability of the measurement results. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a simple algorithm and a high-precision method for measuring and analyzing the tilt of concrete towers in wind turbines.

[0006] The technical solution of this invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is: a method for measuring and analyzing the inclination of concrete towers of wind turbines, comprising the following steps: S1: Determine the locations of the total station's deployment points, station changes, and measurement points on-site to ensure that the coordinate system remains unique throughout the testing process; S2: Use the prism-free mode of the total station for measurement, and combine it with the three coordinate principle to use the total station to check the roundness of the ring; if the roundness of the ring is abnormal, switch to the ring in other vertical positions and check the roundness again until the roundness is qualified; at the same time, record the test results of the ring with abnormal roundness and submit them. S3: For rings that pass the roundness test, perform joint misalignment test. If the joint misalignment test does not meet the specification requirements, i.e., the joint misalignment test is unqualified, then switch to other rings and perform the joint misalignment test again until the joint misalignment test is qualified; at the same time, record the test results of the rings with joint misalignment test and submit them. S4: For the ring piece that has passed the joint misalignment test, perform roundness anomaly test again according to step S2 until the tested ring piece simultaneously meets the roundness test and joint misalignment test requirements, and proceed to the next stage of overall tower tilt measurement. S5: The horizontal joint of the ring piece that has passed both the roundness and misalignment tests is designated as the upper and lower observation planes of the total station. Using the coordinate system principle, the coordinates of the center of the ring piece on the upper and lower observation planes are calculated. Based on these coordinates, the horizontal deviation Δ between the centers of the ring pieces on the upper and lower observation planes, and the height difference between them are calculated. H And calculate the inclination of the wind turbine tower; S6: Retrieve the foundation settlement monitoring records of the wind turbine under inspection, use a total station to measure the coordinates of each settlement monitoring point, and calculate the maximum settlement and tilt azimuth; combine this with the height of the observation surface and the diameter of the bottom section of the tower. D The tower tilt Δ3 caused by uneven foundation settlement was calculated using the principle of similar triangles. S7: Based on Δ and Δ3, the tower tilt amount Δ4 and tower tilt direction caused by wind load are calculated through vector operation; S8: Collect data to determine the prevailing wind frequency and direction of the wind turbine under inspection, and compare it with the calculated tower tilt direction caused by wind load to determine whether the wind load has an impact on the tower tilt. S9: Conduct a comprehensive assessment to identify abnormal areas of roundness and joint misalignment and propose solutions; determine whether Δ3 and Δ4 meet the specifications and standards.

[0007] In the above-mentioned method for measuring and analyzing the tilt of the concrete tower of a wind turbine, step S2 involves using the prism-free measurement mode of a total station to take six measuring points at equal intervals on the same horizontal plane of the test ring. During roundness testing, three measuring points are randomly selected from these six points, and the ring diameter is calculated using the following formula based on the coordinate measuring machine principle:

[0008] In the formula, , These are the x-coordinates and y-coordinates of the center of the ring obtained from the three selected measuring points according to the three-coordinate principle. , These are any one of the three selected measuring points. x and y coordinates For the first i The diameter of the ring plate obtained from the next calculation; The roundness test results meet the following requirements:

[0009] In the formula, D non Design the nominal diameter for the tower; when D i and D non When the relationship between them satisfies the above formula, it indicates that the detection ring meets the roundness detection requirements; if D i and D non When the relationship between the two conditions does not satisfy the above formula, it indicates that the detection ring does not meet the roundness detection requirements. The ring is then moved to another vertical position and the roundness is detected again to eliminate the tower tilt Δ1 caused by the abnormal roundness error.

[0010] In the above method for measuring and analyzing the tilt of the concrete tower of a wind turbine, step S2 involves three known measuring points on the upper observation surface. A 1. B 1. C The coordinates of 1 are respectively A 1( x 1, y 1 ,z 1) B 1( x 2, y 2, z 2) C 1( x 3, y 3, z 3), x 1. y 1. z 1 represents the measuring points A 1 of x , y , z Axis coordinates x 2. y 2. z 2 are measuring points B 1 of x , y , z Axis coordinates x 3. y 3. z 3 are measuring points C 1 of x , y , z Axis coordinates; perpendicular bisector of line segment A1B1 The perpendicular bisector of line segment B1C1 They are represented as follows: ; ; make L 1= L 2. Obtain the center of the upper observation surface. O The coordinates of 1 are O 1 ( x 01 , y 01 ), x 01 , y 01 The centers of the upper observation plane are respectively O 1 of x , y Axis coordinates; ; ;

[0011] Similarly, the center of the lower observation plane can be obtained. O The coordinates of 2 are O 2 ( x 02 , y 02 ), x 02 , y 02 The centers of the lower observation plane are respectively O 2 of x , y Axis coordinates.

[0012] In the above-mentioned method for measuring and analyzing the tilt of concrete tower of wind turbine, in step S3, based on the camera, sensor and image processing algorithm carried by the UAV, the misalignment of the joint is detected by the UAV at close range. If the misalignment of the joint exceeds 5mm, the joint misalignment detection is unqualified. Other rings are selected for re-detection until they are qualified. Then, the overall tilt of the tower is detected to eliminate the tower tilt Δ2 caused by the misalignment error of the ring plane joint.

[0013] In the above method for measuring and analyzing the tilt of the concrete tower of a wind turbine, step S5 involves measuring the tilt from the center of the upper observation surface. O Coordinates of 1 and center of the lower observation plane O The coordinates of 2 are used to calculate Δ:

[0014] Further calculations yielded H :

[0015] In the formula, H 1 and H 2 represents the height of the upper and lower observation surfaces, respectively; Δ and H Substituting into the following formula, the inclination of the wind turbine tower can be calculated. I : .

[0016] The above-mentioned method for measuring and analyzing the tilt of concrete towers of wind turbines, specifically step S6, involves the following process: S61: Determine the coordinates of each settlement monitoring point by placing prisms at the settlement monitoring points and taking measurements; S62: Determine the maximum foundation settlement based on the historical settlement observation records of the wind turbine under inspection. hBased on its location and coordinates of the settlement monitoring points, the tilting orientation of the tower caused by uneven settlement of the foundation of the wind turbine under inspection was determined. S63: Calculate the tower tilt Δ3 caused by uneven foundation settlement.

[0017] In the above-mentioned method for measuring and analyzing the tilt of the concrete tower of a wind turbine, step S63 involves using a total station to determine the height of the observation surface and the diameter of the bottom section of the tower based on coordinate measuring machine measurements. D The tower tilt Δ3 caused by uneven foundation settlement is calculated using the geometric principle of similar triangles.

[0018]

[0019] In the formula, Δ 31 and Δ 32 These represent the lateral offsets of the tower caused by uneven settlement of the tower foundation on the upper and lower observation surfaces, respectively. And it satisfies: .

[0020] The specific process of step S8 in the above-mentioned method for measuring and analyzing the tilt of concrete towers of wind turbines is as follows: S81: Investigate relevant data on the wind rose diagram at the site to determine the prevailing wind frequency and direction; S82: Compare the prevailing wind frequency azimuth with the tower tilt azimuth caused by wind load. If the deviation between the two azimuths is less than the set threshold, it is determined that the wind load has an impact on the tower tilt; if the deviation between the two azimuths is greater than or equal to the threshold, it is determined that the wind load has no impact on the tower tilt.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. In response to the four potential causes of concrete tower tilting, this invention, based on the principle of coordinate measuring machine and the prism-free measurement mode of a high-precision total station, innovatively proposes a comprehensive on-site detection method that integrates tower tilt measurement, UAV close-range detection, ring roundness detection, and uneven foundation settlement observation. The aim is to accurately identify and eliminate tilting problems caused by construction factors. By using advanced methods such as ring roundness detection and UAV close-range observation, tower tilting caused by construction factors such as ring roundness deviation and misalignment deviation is effectively eliminated.

[0022] 2. By measuring the coordinates of on-site settlement monitoring points, combining historical settlement observation records and the principle of similar triangles, this invention can accurately calculate the tilt amount and its orientation caused by uneven settlement of the foundation, thus achieving precise separation and quantitative assessment of the factors causing the tower tilt. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the area with abnormal roundness.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the misalignment of the annular joint.

[0025] Figure 3 This is the overall flowchart of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the measurement of the centers of the upper and lower observation surfaces of the tower using a total station.

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the use of the three-coordinate principle to determine the center of a circle.

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of roundness detection.

[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the horizontal deviation Δ between the centers of the upper and lower observation surfaces.

[0030] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the coordinate measurement of the settlement observation points for wind turbine foundations.

[0031] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing the tilting orientation of the wind turbine tower caused by uneven settlement of the foundation.

[0032] Figure 10 This is a diagram illustrating the calculation principle of Δ3.

[0033] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between wind load and tilting caused by uneven settlement of the foundation.

[0034] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of Δ4 vector operations. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0036] like Figure 3 As shown, a method for measuring and analyzing the tilt of a concrete tower for a wind turbine includes the following steps: S1: Determine the locations of the total station's deployment points, replacement points, and measurement points on-site to ensure that the coordinate system remains unique throughout the testing process.

[0037] S2: Use the prism-free mode of the total station for measurement, and combine it with the three-coordinate principle to use the total station to check the roundness of the rings; if the roundness of the ring is abnormal, switch to other rings in different vertical positions and check the roundness again until the roundness is qualified; at the same time, record the test results of the rings with abnormal roundness and submit them.

[0038] like Figure 4 ,Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6 A and B are the total station measurement points. Using the prism-free measurement mode of the total station, three measurement points are taken at equal intervals on the same horizontal plane of the test ring. After measurement, the coordinates of the three measurement points are determined. According to the "Construction Specification for Concrete-Steel Hybrid Towers of Wind Turbines" (NB_T 10908-2021), concrete towers are assembled sequentially from rings, joints, tower sections, and tower segments. A single tower section is generally composed of 2-3 rings joined together by joints. Each ring is often prefabricated with steel molds, and after multiple pours, possible deformation of the steel molds may cause roundness deviations.

[0039] Using the prism-free measurement mode of a total station, six measuring points are taken at equal intervals on the same horizontal plane of the test ring. For roundness testing, three measuring points are randomly selected from these six, and the ring diameter is calculated using the following formula based on the coordinate measuring machine principle:

[0040] , These are the x-coordinates and y-coordinates of the center of the ring obtained from the three selected measuring points according to the three-coordinate principle. , These are any one of the three selected measuring points. x and y coordinates For the first i The ring diameter obtained from the calculation; the number of calculations for the ring diameter. According to the formula for calculating the number of combinations We can obtain: , The number of measurement points is 6 in this embodiment, therefore .

[0041] According to the requirements of GB / T19072 "Wind Turbine Generator Towers", the roundness test results meet the following requirements:

[0042] In the formula, D non Design the nominal diameter for the tower; when D i and D non When the relationship between them satisfies the above formula, it indicates that the detection ring meets the roundness detection requirements; if D i and D nonWhen the relationship between the two conditions does not satisfy the above formula, it indicates that the detection ring does not meet the roundness detection requirements. The ring is then moved to another vertical position and the roundness is detected again to eliminate the tower tilt Δ1 caused by the abnormal roundness error.

[0043] Three measuring points on the upper observation surface are known; A 1. B 1. C The coordinates of 1 are respectively A 1( x 1, y 1 ,z 1) B 1( x 2, y 2, z 2) C 1( x 3, y 3, z 3), x 1. y 1. z 1 represents the measuring points A 1 of x , y , z Axis coordinates x 2. y 2. z 2 are measuring points B 1 of x , y , z Axis coordinates x 3. y 3. z 3 are measuring points C 1 of x , y , z Axis coordinates; perpendicular bisector of line segment A1B1 The perpendicular bisector of line segment B1C1 They are represented as follows: ; ;

[0044] make L 1= L 2. Obtain the center of the upper observation surface. O The coordinates of 1 are O 1 ( x 01 , y 01 ), x 01 , y01 The centers of the upper observation plane are respectively O 1 of x , y Axis coordinates; ; ;

[0045] Similarly, the center of the lower observation plane can be obtained. O The coordinates of 2 are O 2 ( x 02 , y 02 ), x 02 , y 02 The centers of the lower observation plane are respectively O 2 of x , y Axis coordinates.

[0046] S3: For rings that pass the roundness test, perform a joint misalignment test. If the joint misalignment test does not meet the specifications, i.e., the joint misalignment test is unqualified, then switch to other rings and perform the joint misalignment test again until the joint misalignment test is qualified. At the same time, record the test results of the rings that have passed the joint misalignment test and submit them.

[0047] In step S3, based on the camera, sensors, and image processing algorithms carried by the UAV (the UAV is equipped with a high-resolution visible light camera and a 30 Hz lidar to simultaneously acquire sub-millimeter-level surface images and three-dimensional point clouds; the airborne IMU / RTK records centimeter-level pose in real time; after accurately registering the images and point clouds, the misalignment contour is extracted using a deep learning crack segmentation network, and the crack width change is calculated using a sub-pixel displacement algorithm based on structured light-visual fusion, finally generating a detection report containing coordinates, crack width, and risk level), the UAV performs close-range detection of the joint misalignment. If the joint misalignment exceeds 5mm, the joint misalignment detection is unqualified, and other ring pieces are selected for re-detection until they are qualified. Then, the subsequent overall tower tilt detection is carried out to eliminate the tower tilt Δ2 caused by the ring piece planar joint misalignment error.

[0048] S4: For the ring piece that passes the joint misalignment test, perform roundness anomaly test again according to step S2 until the tested ring piece simultaneously meets the roundness test and joint misalignment test requirements, and then proceed to the next stage of overall tower tilt measurement.

[0049] S5: The horizontal joint of the ring piece that has passed both the roundness and misalignment tests is designated as the upper and lower observation planes of the total station. Using the coordinate system principle, the coordinates of the center of the ring piece on the upper and lower observation planes are calculated. Based on these coordinates, the horizontal deviation Δ between the centers of the ring pieces on the upper and lower observation planes, and the height difference between them are calculated. H And calculate the inclination of the wind turbine tower; like Figure 7 As shown, from the center of the upper observation plane O Coordinates of 1 and center of the lower observation plane O The coordinates of 2 are used to calculate Δ:

[0050] Further calculations yielded H :

[0051] In the formula, H 1 and H 2 represents the height of the upper and lower observation surfaces, respectively; Δ and H Substituting into the following formula, the inclination of the wind turbine tower can be calculated. I : .

[0052] S6: Retrieve the foundation settlement monitoring records of the wind turbine under inspection, use a total station to measure the coordinates of each settlement monitoring point, and calculate the maximum settlement and tilt azimuth; combine this with the height of the observation surface and the diameter of the bottom section of the tower. D The tower tilt Δ3 caused by uneven foundation settlement was calculated using the principle of similar triangles.

[0053] The specific process of step S6 is as follows: S61: The coordinates of each settlement monitoring point are determined by placing prisms at the settlement monitoring points and taking measurements, such as... Figure 8 As shown, Figure 8 The blank triangle in the diagram represents a prism, and points 1, 2, 3, and 4 are four settlement monitoring points. S62: Determine the maximum foundation settlement based on the historical settlement observation records of the wind turbine under inspection. h Based on its location and coordinates of the settlement monitoring points, the tilting orientation of the tower caused by uneven settlement of the foundation of the wind turbine under inspection is determined, such as... Figure 9 As shown; S63: Calculate the tower tilt Δ3 caused by uneven foundation settlement.

[0054] Based on coordinate measuring machine (CMM) measurements, the height of the observation surface and the diameter of the bottom section of the tower were determined using a total station. D ,like Figure 10 As shown, Figure 10 S1 is the upper observation surface, and S2 is the lower observation surface; the tower tilt Δ3 caused by uneven foundation settlement is calculated using the geometric principle of similar triangles.

[0055]

[0056] In the formula, Δ 31 and Δ 32 These represent the lateral offsets of the tower caused by uneven settlement of the tower foundation on the upper and lower observation surfaces, respectively. According to the allowable ground deformation requirements in the "Design Standard for Tall Structures" (GB 50135-2019), the allowable tilt value for wind turbine towers is 0.4%, which must meet the following requirements: .

[0057] S7: Based on Δ and Δ3, the tower tilt amount Δ4 and tower tilt direction caused by wind load are calculated through vector operation.

[0058] The tilting caused by uneven foundation settlement and long-term wind load both manifest as an overall tilt of the tower. Compared to the linear tilting caused by uneven foundation settlement, the tilting caused by long-term wind load exhibits certain nonlinear characteristics, such as... Figure 11 As shown, Figure 11 In the diagram, Δ'4 is the projection of Δ4 onto the direction of Δ3. Vector calculations are performed on Δ and Δ3, such as... Figure 12 As shown, Δ4 and the tower tilt orientation can be calculated.

[0059] S8: Collect data to determine the prevailing wind frequency and direction of the wind turbine under inspection, and compare it with the calculated tower tilt direction caused by wind load to determine whether the wind load has an impact on the tower tilt.

[0060] The specific process of step S8 is as follows: S81: Investigate relevant data on the wind rose diagram at the site to determine the prevailing wind frequency and direction; S82: Compare the prevailing wind frequency azimuth with the tower tilt azimuth caused by wind load. If the deviation between the two azimuths is less than the set threshold, it is determined that the wind load has an impact on the tower tilt; if the deviation between the two azimuths is greater than or equal to the threshold, it is determined that the wind load has no impact on the tower tilt.

[0061] S9: Conduct a comprehensive assessment to identify abnormal areas of roundness and joint misalignment and propose solutions; determine whether Δ3 and Δ4 meet the specifications and standards.

Claims

1. A method for measuring and analyzing the inclination of a concrete tower for a wind turbine, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Determine the locations of the total station's deployment points, station changes, and measurement points on-site to ensure that the coordinate system remains unique throughout the testing process; S2: Use the prism-free mode of the total station for measurement, and combine it with the three coordinate principle to use the total station to check the roundness of the ring; if the roundness of the ring is abnormal, switch to the ring in other vertical positions and check the roundness again until the roundness is qualified; at the same time, record the test results of the ring with abnormal roundness and submit them. S3: For rings that pass the roundness test, perform joint misalignment test. If the joint misalignment test does not meet the specification requirements, i.e., the joint misalignment test is unqualified, then switch to other rings and perform the joint misalignment test again until the joint misalignment test is qualified; at the same time, record the test results of the rings with joint misalignment test and submit them. S4: For the ring piece that has passed the joint misalignment test, perform roundness anomaly test again according to step S2 until the tested ring piece simultaneously meets the roundness test and joint misalignment test requirements, and proceed to the next stage of overall tower tilt measurement. S5: The horizontal joint of the ring piece that has passed both the roundness and misalignment tests is designated as the upper and lower observation planes of the total station. Using the coordinate system principle, the coordinates of the center of the ring piece on the upper and lower observation planes are calculated. Based on these coordinates, the horizontal deviation Δ between the centers of the ring pieces on the upper and lower observation planes, and the height difference between them are calculated. H And calculate the inclination of the wind turbine tower; S6: Retrieve the foundation settlement monitoring records of the wind turbine under inspection, use a total station to measure the coordinates of each settlement monitoring point, and calculate the maximum settlement and tilt direction; Combining the height of the observation surface and the diameter of the bottom section of the tower D The tower tilt Δ3 caused by uneven foundation settlement was calculated using the principle of similar triangles. S7: Based on Δ and Δ3, the tower tilt amount Δ4 and tower tilt direction caused by wind load are calculated through vector operation; S8: Collect data to determine the prevailing wind frequency and direction of the wind turbine under inspection, and compare it with the calculated tower tilt direction caused by wind load to determine whether the wind load has an impact on the tower tilt. S9: Conduct a comprehensive assessment to identify abnormal areas of roundness and joint misalignment and propose solutions; determine whether Δ3 and Δ4 meet the specifications and standards.

2. The method for measuring and analyzing the inclination of the concrete tower of a wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, using the prism-free measurement mode of a total station, six measuring points are taken at equal intervals on the same horizontal plane of the test ring. For roundness testing, three measuring points are randomly selected from these six points, and the ring diameter is calculated using the following formula based on the coordinate measuring machine principle: ； In the formula, , These are the x-coordinates and y-coordinates of the center of the ring obtained from the three selected measuring points according to the three-coordinate principle. , These are any one of the three selected measuring points. x and y coordinates The diameter of the ring plate is obtained from the i-th calculation; The roundness test results meet the following requirements: ； In the formula, D non Design the nominal diameter for the tower; when D i and D non When the relationship between them satisfies the above formula, it indicates that the detection ring meets the roundness detection requirements; if D i and D non When the relationship between the two conditions does not satisfy the above formula, it indicates that the detection ring does not meet the roundness detection requirements. The ring is then moved to another vertical position and the roundness is detected again to eliminate the tower tilt Δ1 caused by the abnormal roundness error.

3. The method for measuring and analyzing the inclination of the concrete tower of a wind turbine according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S2, three measuring points on the upper observation surface are known. A 1. B 1. C The coordinates of 1 are respectively A 1( x 1, y 1 ,z 1) B 1( x 2, y 2, z 2) C 1( x 3, y 3, z 3), x 1. y 1. z 1 represents the measuring points A 1 of x , y , z Axis coordinates x 2. y 2. z 2 are measuring points B 1 of x , y , z Axis coordinates x 3. y 3. z 3 are measuring points C 1 of x , y , z Axis coordinates; perpendicular bisector of line segment A1B1 The perpendicular bisector of line segment B1C1 They are represented as follows: ； ； Where x is an unknown quantity; make L 1= L 2. Obtain the center of the upper observation surface. O The coordinates of 1 are O 1 ( x 01 , y 01 ), x 01 , y 01 The centers of the upper observation plane are respectively O 1 of x , y Axis coordinates; ； ； Similarly, the center of the lower observation plane can be obtained. O The coordinates of 2 are O 2 ( x 02 , y 02 ), x 02 , y 02 The centers of the lower observation plane are respectively O 2 of x , y Axis coordinates.

4. The method for measuring and analyzing the inclination of the concrete tower of a wind turbine according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S3, based on the camera, sensor and image processing algorithm carried by the UAV, the misalignment of the joint is detected by the UAV at close range. If the misalignment of the joint exceeds 5mm, the joint misalignment detection is unqualified. Other ring pieces are selected for re-detection until they are qualified. Then, the overall tilt detection of the tower is carried out to eliminate the tower tilt Δ2 caused by the misalignment error of the ring piece plane joint.

5. The method for measuring and analyzing the inclination of the concrete tower of a wind turbine according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S5, the center of the upper observation surface is... O Coordinates of 1 and center of the lower observation plane O The coordinates of 2 are used to calculate Δ: ； Further calculations yielded H: ； In the formula, H 1 and H 2 represents the height of the upper and lower observation surfaces, respectively; Δ and H Substituting into the following formula, the inclination of the wind turbine tower can be calculated. I : 。 6. The method for measuring and analyzing the inclination of a concrete tower for a wind turbine according to claim 5, characterized in that, The specific process of step S6 is as follows: S61: Determine the coordinates of each settlement monitoring point by placing prisms at the settlement monitoring points and taking measurements; S62: Determine the maximum foundation settlement based on the historical settlement observation records of the wind turbine under inspection. h Based on its location and coordinates of the settlement monitoring points, the tilting orientation of the tower caused by uneven settlement of the foundation of the wind turbine under inspection was determined. S63: Calculate the tower tilt Δ3 caused by uneven foundation settlement.

7. The method for measuring and analyzing the inclination of a concrete tower for a wind turbine according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S63, based on coordinate measuring machine measurements, a total station is used to determine the height of the observation surface and the diameter of the bottom section of the tower. D The tower tilt Δ3 caused by uneven foundation settlement is calculated using the geometric principle of similar triangles. ； ； In the formula, Δ 31 and Δ 32 These represent the lateral offsets of the tower caused by uneven settlement of the tower foundation on the upper and lower observation surfaces, respectively. And it satisfies: 。 8. The method for measuring and analyzing the inclination of a concrete tower for a wind turbine according to claim 7, characterized in that, The specific process of step S8 is as follows: S81: Investigate relevant data on the wind rose diagram at the site to determine the prevailing wind frequency and direction; S82: Compare the prevailing wind frequency azimuth with the tower tilt azimuth caused by wind load. If the deviation between the two azimuths is less than the set threshold, it is determined that the wind load has an impact on the tower tilt; if the deviation between the two azimuths is greater than or equal to the threshold, it is determined that the wind load has no impact on the tower tilt.

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