Stator of an electric machine

Abstract

The invention relates to a stator of an electric machine, comprising a laminated stator core, on which stator teeth are arranged and which comprises lamellae with lamellae teeth, said laminated stator core comprising lamellae, on each of which a feed-through opening is provided in order to form a stator insertion hole for inserting a connecting element, the invention is characterized in that:-first lamellae (6.1) are provided, the feed-through openings (9) of which are oriented in the circumferential direction in each case with a first relative orientation (12) relative to the tooth pole center (8m) of the closest lamella tooth (8) of the respective first lamella (6.1); a second sheet (6.2) is provided, the feed-through openings (9) of which are oriented in the circumferential direction in each case with a second relative orientation (13) relative to the tooth pole center (8m) of the closest sheet tooth (8) of the respective second sheet (6.2), the first and second relative orientations (12, 13) being opposite in the circumferential direction; -the first and second sheets (6.1, 6.2) are arranged in at least one twist group (15) comprising at least two of the first sheets (6.1) and at least one second sheet (6.2) arranged between the first sheets (6.1); the connecting element (11) is an orienting element which can be inserted into the respective stator insertion hole (10) in order to produce opposite twists of the lamellae (6.1, 6.2) of the respective twist group (15).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a stator of an electric motor of the type according to the independent claim. Background Technology

[0002] A stator of an electric motor is known from DE 102019206011 A1, which has a stator lamination assembly, on which stator teeth are provided and stator slots are formed between the stator teeth, and the stator lamination assembly comprises a stack of laminations. Each lamination has lamination teeth for forming stator teeth. The stator lamination assembly includes a plurality of laminations, each lamination having at least one through-hole to form at least one stator socket for inserting a connecting element, particularly a pin, bolt, or screw.

[0003] As known from DE 102021204202 A1, multiple support points for locally clamping electrical conductors can be created in the stator slots of a stator lamination assembly by twisting the laminations of the stator lamination assembly. At least one slot is formed between the tooth surface of the respective stator slot and the conductor or conductor bundle arranged in the stator slot, the slot forming a slot channel extending in the axial direction, which can be traversed by a cooling medium, particularly oil. The twisting of the laminations is achieved by a twisting tool of a processing device, which, for example, grasps the laminations at their outer periphery and twists them in the circumferential direction. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In contrast, the stator of the electric motor according to the invention, which has the characteristic features of the independent claims, has the advantage that the sheet can be twisted more easily, especially without a twisting tool for processing, in order to manufacture the support parts, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of the stator.

[0005] This is solved according to the invention by the following method: a first lamination is provided in the stator lamination assembly, the insertion opening of the first lamination being oriented in the circumferential direction with respect to the tooth pole center of the nearest lamination tooth of the corresponding first lamination with a first relative orientation, particularly offset by an offset angle α; and a second lamination is provided in the stator lamination assembly, the insertion opening of the second lamination being oriented in the circumferential direction with respect to the tooth pole center of the nearest lamination tooth of the corresponding second lamination with a second relative orientation, particularly offset by an offset angle α, wherein the first and second relative orientations are opposite in the circumferential direction and are, in particular, equal in absolute value. According to the invention, the first and second laminations are arranged in at least one torsion group, the torsion group comprising at least two first laminations and at least one second lamination arranged between the first laminations. Furthermore, the connecting element according to the invention is an oriented element, which can be inserted into the corresponding stator socket to generate opposite torsions of the laminations in the corresponding torsion group. The oriented element can also be used to maintain the generated torsion. The oriented element is, for example, made of metal, particularly steel.

[0006] Advantageous extensions and improvements to the stator of the electric motor described in the independent claim can be achieved through the measures listed in the dependent claims.

[0007] The opposite twisting of the sheets of the torsion assembly is achieved by the insertion of the orientation element along the circumferential direction to extrude the first and second sheets into the stator socket.

[0008] Advantageously, a stator yoke is provided that connects the stator teeth, with corresponding stator sockets constructed on the side of the stator yoke opposite to the stator teeth. In this way, the magnetic flux in the stator yoke is negatively affected, or only to a small extent.

[0009] The corresponding directional element can be a pin according to the first embodiment or a sleeve according to the second embodiment. The directional element is inserted into the stator socket in particular with a clearance fit.

[0010] Furthermore, it is advantageous that the orientation element has a chamfered or tapered guide bevel at its leading end for insertion into the corresponding stator socket. This facilitates the extrusion or twisting of the first and second sheets in the circumferential direction.

[0011] Of particular advantage is that, according to the second embodiment, the corresponding orientation element is a sleeve through which a fixing screw for securing the stator lamination assembly to the machine housing can be inserted. In this way, the stator insertion hole can be used not only for twisting the first and second laminations and thus for creating support sections, but also for securing the stator to the machine housing. The fixing screw inserted through the sleeve extends all the way into a threaded hole in the machine housing.

[0012] A significant advantage is that the first and second laminations are identical in shape and arranged in opposite directions within the stator lamination assembly. This method simplifies the manufacturing of the stator lamination assembly by requiring only one type of lamination to form the torsion assembly, making the production of the stator lamination assembly simpler and less costly.

[0013] Advantageously, the stator winding, which extends through the stator slots, allows for partial clamping of the conductor bundle within the stator slots through the torsion of the first and second sheets of the corresponding torsion group. Specifically, the conductor bundle of the flat wire conductors is locally clamped at at least two support points in each stator slot. In this way, the conductor bundle of the stator winding is fixed within the stator slots.

[0014] Furthermore, it is advantageous that the conductor bundles of the corresponding stator slots are surrounded by at least one electrically insulating protective sleeve, at least in the region of the corresponding torsion group. In this way, the varnished insulation of the electrical conductors of the conductor bundles is protected from damage caused by the torsion of the sheet through the torsion group.

[0015] Furthermore, it is advantageous to include a third lamination in the stator lamination assembly, the corresponding through-hole of which is oriented in a third relative orientation along the circumferential direction relative to the tooth pole center of the nearest lamination tooth of the third lamination, particularly centered relative to the tooth pole center. This achieves the following: the conductor bundle has a spacing in the stator slot relative to the tooth surface of the corresponding stator slot in the region of the third lamination, thereby creating slot channels in the corresponding stator slot. This enables direct cooling of the conductor bundle of the stator winding. The third relative orientation lies between the first and second relative orientations.

[0016] Furthermore, the present invention relates to an electric motor having a stator according to the invention and having a machine housing, wherein the orientation element according to the invention passes through the stator lamination assembly and extends into a recess, particularly a bore, in the machine housing in order to center the stator lamination assembly.

[0017] Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a stator according to the invention, the method comprising the following steps: - The stack includes a stator lamination assembly comprising first and second sheets and, in particular, a third sheet; - Embed the stator windings into the stator slots; - The orientation element is inserted into the stator socket, thereby causing the first and second sheets to twist in opposite directions around the stator axis and locally clamping the conductor bundle in the stator slot.

[0018] Before inserting the orientation elements, the laminations of the stator lamination assembly are oriented circumferentially relative to each other, such that the conductors of the stator winding can be inserted into the stator slots with gaps, specifically creating substantially aligned lamination teeth. This method enables simple axial mounting of the stator winding without damaging the varnish insulation of the conductors. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Various embodiments of the present invention are illustrated in the accompanying drawings and explained in detail in the following description.

[0020] in: Figure 1 A side view of a portion of the stator of the electric motor according to the invention is shown; Figure 2 The stator according to the invention is shown, along... Figure 1 A sectional view of the stator cut along line II-II in the diagram; Figure 3A It shows according to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The first thin sheet of the stator; Figure 3B It shows according to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The second thin sheet of the stator; Figure 3C It shows according to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The third thin sheet of the stator; Figure 4A It shows according to Figure 2 A partial view of two stator slots of the stator lamination assembly before the installation of the orientation element according to the invention; Figure 4B It shows according to Figure 1 The portion of the stator socket of the stator lamination assembly with the torsion group shown in Figure 3 before the installation of the orientation element according to the invention according to the first embodiment; Figure 4C It shows according to Figure 1 Figure 3 shows a partial view of the stator socket with the torsion group of stator laminations, after the orientation element according to the invention according to the first embodiment has been installed. Figure 4D It shows according to Figure 2 A partial view of the two stator slots of the stator lamination assembly after the installation of the orientation element according to the invention; Figure 5The second embodiment of the orientation element according to the invention is shown after installation; Figure 6 The diagram shows a second embodiment of the orientation element according to the invention after installation using fixing screws that pass through the sleeve to secure the stator to the machine housing. Detailed Implementation

[0021] Figure 1 A side view of a portion of the stator of the electric motor according to the invention is shown. Figure 2 The stator according to the invention is shown, along... Figure 1 The sectional view of the stator when it is cut along line II-II.

[0022] The stator 2 of the motor 1 according to the invention has a stator lamination assembly 3, on which stator teeth 4 and stator slots 5 formed between the stator teeth 4 are provided. The stator lamination assembly includes a set of laminations 6 and extends around a stator axis 7. Each lamination 6 has a lamination tooth 8 for forming the stator teeth 4. The lamination tooth 8 is, for example, provided on the inner periphery 6i of the lamination 6.

[0023] Furthermore, each lamination 6 has a plurality of through openings 9 arranged along its periphery, such as the outer periphery, thereby correspondingly forming a plurality of stator insertion holes 10 on the stator lamination assembly 3 for inserting connecting elements 1, particularly pins, bolts, or screws. The corresponding stator insertion holes 10 can be through holes or blind holes in the stator lamination assembly 3. The stator has a stator yoke 16 that connects the stator teeth 4, wherein the corresponding stator insertion holes 10 are constructed on the side of the stator yoke 6 facing away from the stator teeth 4. Correspondingly, the through openings 9 of the lamination 6 are also constructed on the side of the stator yoke 6 facing away from the stator teeth 4.

[0024] According to the present invention, a method is provided in the stator lamination group 3 according to... Figure 3A The first thin sheet 6.1, the through opening 9 of the first thin sheet is oriented in the circumferential direction relative to the tooth pole center 8m of the nearest thin sheet tooth 8 of the corresponding first thin sheet 6.1 with a first relative orientation 12, and in particular offset with an offset angle α.

[0025] Furthermore, according to the present invention, a method is provided in the stator lamination group 3 according to... Figure 3B The second sheet 6.2, the through opening 9 of the second sheet is oriented in the circumferential direction relative to the tooth pole center 8m of the nearest sheet tooth 8 of the corresponding second sheet 6.2 with a second relative orientation 13, in particular offset by an offset angle α, wherein the first and second relative orientations 12, 13 are opposite in the circumferential direction and are in particular equal in absolute value.

[0026] The first and second thin sheets 6.1, 6.2 are according to Figure 2Arranged in at least one torsion group 15, the torsion group comprising at least two first sheets 6.1 and at least one second sheet 6.2 arranged between the first sheets 6.1. The connecting element 11, according to the invention, is an orientation element, the orientation element being based on… Figure 4A and Figure 4C The sheets 6.1 and 6.2, which can be inserted into their respective stator sockets 10 to generate the corresponding torsion groups 15, are arranged according to... Figure 4D The opposite is the reversal.

[0027] The first thin sheet 6.1 of the stator lamination group 3 is partially in Figure 3A As shown in the diagram, and the second sheet 6.2 is partially in... Figure 3B As shown in the diagram, they are represented in a linear graphical manner.

[0028] The corresponding directional element 11, according to the first embodiment, can be, for example, a pin, such as in... Figure 4B and Figure 4C As shown in the image.

[0029] The opposite twists of the corresponding twisted pieces 6.1, 6.2 of the twisted assembly 15 are achieved by the inserted directional element 11 extruding the sections of the first and second pieces 6.1, 6.2 extending into the stator socket 10 along the circumferential direction about the stator axis 7, thereby causing them to twist around the stator axis 7 by a twist angle φ.

[0030] The first and second thin sheets 6.1 and 6.2 can be configured with the same shape and arranged in the stator lamination group 3 in a left-right opposite or left-right facing manner.

[0031] In addition, it is possible to set according to the stator lamination group 3. Figure 3C The third sheet 6.3, the corresponding through opening 9 of the third sheet, is oriented with respect to the tooth pole center 8m of the nearest sheet tooth 8 of the third sheet 6.3 in a third relative orientation 14 about its opening axis 9.1 in the circumferential direction, particularly centered relative to the tooth pole center 8m. The third sheet 6.3 in Figure 3C It is shown in a linear graphical form.

[0032] The first sheet 6.1 is a sheet of the first type 6, the second sheet 6.2 is a sheet of the second type 6, and the third sheet 6.3 is a sheet of the third type 6. The first, second, and third sheets 6.1, 6.2, and 6.3 also have through openings 9.

[0033] The stator 2 includes stator windings 18 extending through stator slots 5. Conductors or conductor bundles 19 are arranged in each stator slot 5. The conductor bundles 19 may include, for example, a stack of flat wire conductors. Partial clamping of the conductors or conductor bundles 19 of the stator windings 18 within the stator slots 5 can be achieved by torsion according to the invention of the sheets 6.1, 6.2 of at least one torsion group 15. To prevent damage to the varnished insulation of the conductors of the conductor bundles 19 during partial clamping by the sheets 6.1, 6.2, the conductors or conductor bundles 19 of the respective stator slots 5 can be surrounded at least in the region of the respective torsion group 15 by at least one electrically insulating protective sleeve 20. The protective sleeve 20 may be made in a sleeve-like or ring-like form.

[0034] The conductor bundle 19 has a spacing relative to the tooth surface 5f of the corresponding stator slot 5 in the region of the third thin sheet 6.3 within the stator slot 5, thereby creating slot channels 22 in the corresponding stator slot 5, which can be traversed by a cooling medium, especially oil, along a cooling path 23. This enables direct cooling of the conductor bundle 19 of the stator winding 18.

[0035] Figures 4A to 4D The process flow after manufacturing stator lamination group 3 is shown.

[0036] The manufacturing of stator lamination 3 includes the stacking of laminations 6, wherein stator lamination 3 includes first and second laminations 6.1, 6.2 and, in particular, a third lamination 6.3.

[0037] According to an exemplary implementation, first, second, and third sheets 6.1, 6.2, and 6.3 are provided in the first step.

[0038] In the second step, the third sheet 6.3 is stacked to form at least one first subgroup 3.1. For example, three first subgroups 3.1 are set.

[0039] In the third step, the first and second sheets 6.1, 6.2 are stacked into a plurality of, for example, two twist groups 15, wherein each twist group 15 includes at least two first sheets in each of the first sheets 6.1 and at least one second sheet 6.2 disposed between the first sheets 6.1. The twist group 15 also forms a subgroup of the stator lamination group.

[0040] In the fourth step, the torsion group 15 and at least one subgroup 3.1 are stacked to form a stator lamination group 3, wherein the first subgroup 3.1 of the third sheet 6.3 is arranged between the two torsion groups 15 respectively.

[0041] In the fifth step, according to Figure 4A The stator winding 18 is embedded into the stator slot 5.

[0042] In the sixth step, according to Figure 4B and Figure 4C At least one directional element 11 is inserted into the corresponding stator socket 10, thereby causing the first and second sheets 6.1, 6.2 in the corresponding torsion assembly 15 to be aligned according to... Figure 4D They twist around the stator axis 7 in opposite directions and partially clamp the conductor bundle 19 in the stator slot 5. To facilitate the insertion of the orientation element 11 into the stator socket 10 and the twisting of the first and second sheets 6.1, 6.2, the orientation element 11 may have a chamfer or guide bevel 21 on the leading end.

[0043] Figure 5 A second embodiment of the orientation element according to the invention is shown.

[0044] The corresponding directional element 11, according to the second embodiment, is, for example, a sleeve.

[0045] Figure 6 A second embodiment of the orientation element according to the invention is shown, which has a fixing screw extending through the sleeve for securing the stator to the machine housing.

[0046] At least one sleeve-shaped orientation element 11 can pass through the stator lamination 3 and extend into the recess 24, and in particular the drilled hole 24, of the machine housing 25 in order to center the stator lamination 6. For this purpose, the corresponding orientation element 11 is constructed to be longer than the height of the stator lamination 3.

[0047] By means of the sleeve-shaped directional element 11 according to the second embodiment, a fixing screw 26 can be inserted to fix the stator lamination group 3 to the machine housing 25, which can be part of the motor 1 or part of the electric shaft.

[0048] Alternatively, the corresponding orientation element 11 can also be bolted in the first region for working together with the stator lamination group 3 according to the invention and have threads in the second region extending from the stator lamination group for screwing onto the machine housing.

Claims

1. Stator (2) of an electric machine (1), having a stator lamination stack (3) on which stator teeth (4) are provided and stator slots (5) are formed between the stator teeth (4) and which comprises a stack of sheets (6), wherein the sheets (6) each have a sheet tooth (8) for forming a stator tooth (4), wherein the stator lamination stack (3) comprises a plurality of sheets (6.1, 6.2, 6.3) on which at least one lead-through opening (9) is provided respectively in order to form at least one stator insertion opening (10) for inserting a connecting element (11), in particular a pin, bolt or screw, characterized in that - first sheets (6.1) are provided, the lead-through openings (9) of which are oriented in the circumferential direction respectively with a first relative orientation (12) relative to the pole center (8m) of the nearest sheet tooth (8) of the respective first sheet (6.1), in particular offset by an offset angle (a); - second sheets (6.2) are provided, the lead-through openings (9) of which are oriented in the circumferential direction respectively with a second relative orientation (13) relative to the pole center (8m) of the nearest sheet tooth (8) of the respective second sheet (6.2), in particular offset by an offset angle (a), wherein the first and second relative orientations (12, 13) are opposite in the circumferential direction and in particular equally large in absolute terms; - the first and second sheets (6.1, 6.2) are arranged in at least one torsion group (15), which comprises at least two first sheets (6.1) and at least one second sheet (6.2) arranged between the first sheets (6.1); - the connecting elements (11) are directional elements which can be inserted into the respective stator insertion opening (10) in order to produce an opposite torsion of the sheets (6.1, 6.2) of the respective torsion group (15).

2. The stator of claim 1, wherein The opposite torsion of the sheets (6.1, 6.2) of the torsion group (15) is achieved in that the inserted directional elements (11) push the first and second sheets (6.1, 6.2) projecting into the stator insertion opening (10) in the circumferential direction.

3. Stator according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that A stator yoke (16) is provided which connects the stator teeth (4), wherein the respective stator insertion opening (10) is configured on the side of the stator yoke (16) facing away from the stator teeth (4).

4. Stator according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that The respective directional element (11) is a pin or a sleeve.

5. Stator according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that The directional element (11) has a chamfered or conical lead-in bevel (21) on the leading end for the lead-in into the respective stator insertion opening (10).

6. A stator according to either one of claims 4 or 5, characterised in that, The respective directional element (11) is a sleeve, through which a fixing screw (26) for fixing the stator lamination stack (3) on a machine housing (25) can be inserted.

7. A stator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that The first and second sheets (6.1, 6.2) are identically shaped and arranged opposite one another in the stator lamination stack (3).

8. A stator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that A third sheet (6.3) is provided, whose respective lead-through opening (9) is oriented in a third relative orientation (14) with respect to the tooth pole center (8m) of the nearest sheet tooth (8) of the third sheet (6.3) along the circumferential direction, in particular centered with respect to the tooth pole center (8m).

9. Stator according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that A stator winding (18) is provided which extends through the stator slot (5) and whose conductor strand (19) in the stator slot (5) can be locally clamped by the twisting of the sheets (6.1, 6.2) of the respective twisting group (15).

10. The stator of claim 9, wherein The conductor strand (19) of the respective stator slot (5) is surrounded at least in the region of the respective twisting group (15) by at least one electrically insulating protective sleeve (20).

11. Electric machine having a stator (2) according to any one of the preceding claims and having a machine housing (25), characterized in that The orientation element (11) passes through the stator lamination stack (3) and projects into a recess (24), in particular a bore, of the machine housing (25) in order to center the stator lamination stack (3).

12. A method for manufacturing a stator (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, comprising the following steps: - stacking a stator lamination stack (3) comprising first and second sheets (6.1, 6.2) and in particular a third sheet (6.3); - embedding the stator winding (18) into the stator slot (5); - inserting the orientation element (11) into the stator receptacle (10), thereby twisting the first and second sheets (6.1, 6.2) around the stator axis (7) opposite to each other and locally clamping the conductor strand (19) in the stator slot (5).

13. The method of claim 12, wherein, The sheets (6) of the stator lamination stack (3) are oriented with respect to each other along the circumferential direction before inserting the orientation element (11) such that the conductors of the stator winding (18) can be inserted into the stator slot (5) with play, in particular resulting in substantially aligned sheet teeth (8).

Images