Phosphate glass printing ink as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses phosphate glass printing ink which comprises phosphate glass powder, titanium dioxide and varnish. The phosphate glass powder is prepared from the following components in parts by mole: 10 to 30 parts of P2O5; 15 parts of B2O3; 40 to 60 parts of ZnO; 5 parts of Na2O; 10 parts of MO; wherein the MO is at least one of CaO and BaO. The softening point range of the phosphate glass powder is 478.7-512.4 DEG C, and the thermal expansion coefficient of the phosphate glass powder is 71.2 * 10 <-7 >-79.4 * 10 <-7 > DEG C <-1 > in the temperature range of 20-400 DEG C; the low-melting-point glass powder adopted by the invention has the characteristics of low softening temperature, adjustable thermal expansion coefficient and high transparency in ultraviolet-visible and infrared regions, and the low softening temperature can ensure rapid flow in the sintering process so as to achieve a compact coating effect; the titanium dioxide particles can absorb more light rays for reflection due to the excellent light transmittance, extremely high intrinsic whiteness and excellent reflectivity can be achieved without additional pre-nucleation or crystallization heat treatment, meanwhile, no bismuth element is added, and the production cost is lower.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of glass ink technology, specifically relating to a phosphate glass high-reflectivity ink for photovoltaic modules, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Green and environmentally friendly energy is becoming increasingly prominent and important in today's society and economy due to the growth in global energy demand and the increasing awareness of environmental protection. my country is the country with the largest consumption of green energy, and the photovoltaic industry is showing a stable growth trend driven by installed capacity demand and overseas markets. Among the backsheet materials of photovoltaic modules, glass has been increasingly widely used due to its advantages over other polymer backsheet materials, such as long lifespan, near-zero water vapor transmission rate, and good wear resistance. However, the power generation efficiency of mainstream photovoltaic products on the market has reached its theoretical limit, and researchers have turned to seeking ways to improve efficiency at the module level. By coating the photovoltaic glass backsheet with high-reflectivity white glass ink, light lost through transmission at the gaps between solar cells can be reflected, allowing sunlight to be reused, thereby improving light capture rate and overall power generation efficiency of the battery.

[0003] A layer of high-reflectivity white glass ink is typically coated onto the glass backsheet of photovoltaic (PV) modules and then sintered and cured to further improve the PV conversion efficiency of solar cells. High-reflectivity white glass ink is mainly composed of low-melting-point glass powder, titanium dioxide (TiO2), ink modifier, and other organic phases. Low-melting-point glass powder, as a crucial component of the ink, determines its adhesion to the glass substrate based on its softening temperature and coefficient of thermal expansion. Its optical properties affect the transmission and reflection of sunlight through the gaps between solar cells, further influencing photoelectric conversion efficiency. Titanium dioxide, as a high-reflectivity material, is a key factor affecting ink reflection; anatase and rutile titanium dioxide are commonly used in the market. Ink modifier, as a core functional material acting as a binder, performance modifier, and protectant, affects the ink's printing quality, adhesion, durability, and the initial value and long-term reliability of the PV module's light reflection gain.

[0004] Previous reports have documented high-reflectivity white glass inks, but existing technologies for preparing high-reflectivity white glass inks mostly use bismuth-boron-zinc (Bi2O3-ZnO-B2O3) and boron-zinc-silicon (B2O3-ZnO-SiO2) systems. Chinese patent CN117326797B describes a low-melting-point microcrystalline glass flux for photovoltaic glass inks. While the glass ink made from the boron-zinc-silicon system low-melting-point glass powder used in this method exhibits good acid resistance and increases light reflectivity, the presence of silicon in the boron-zinc-silicon system generally results in a higher softening point temperature, and the additional heat treatment undoubtedly increases time and cost.

[0005] Chinese patent CN120004517A introduces a high-reflectivity microcrystalline ink for photovoltaic glass. The glass ink made from low-melting-point glass with a bismuth boron zinc system can further enhance light reflection by precipitating crystals in a short time. However, bismuth oxide is not only expensive, but also slightly yellow in color and may have a slight discoloration risk under long-term ultraviolet light aging. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a phosphate-based high-reflectivity glass ink. The low-melting-point glass powder used is composed of a phosphate glass system, which features a low softening temperature, an adjustable coefficient of thermal expansion, and high transparency in the ultraviolet-visible and infrared regions. The low softening temperature ensures rapid flow during sintering, thereby achieving a dense coating effect. The excellent light transmittance allows the titanium dioxide particles to absorb more light for reflection. It can achieve extremely high intrinsic whiteness and excellent reflectivity without additional pre-nucleation or crystallization heat treatment. At the same time, it does not contain bismuth, resulting in lower production costs.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the following technical solution is adopted: A phosphate glass ink includes phosphate glass powder, titanium dioxide, and ink oil; The composition of the phosphate glass powder, by molar parts, is: 10-30 parts P2O5; 15 parts B2O3; 40-60 parts ZnO; 5 parts Na2O; 10 parts MO; wherein, MO is at least one of CaO and BaO.

[0008] According to the above scheme, the softening point of the phosphate glass powder is in the range of 478.7~512.4℃.

[0009] According to the above scheme, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the phosphate glass powder is 71.2 × 10⁻⁶ in the temperature range of 20℃ to 400℃. -7 ~79.4×10 -7 ℃ -1 .

[0010] According to the above scheme, the composition of the phosphate glass ink by weight is: 30-40 parts of phosphate glass powder, 40-45 parts of titanium dioxide, and 20-25 parts of ink-adjusting oil.

[0011] According to the above scheme, the titanium dioxide is anatase titanium dioxide with a particle size range of 200~300nm and a microscopic morphology of spherical particles. Preferably, it has a narrow particle size distribution range, fine and uniform particles, a white appearance, good gloss, and a microscopic morphology of spherical particles.

[0012] According to the above scheme, the ink oil is preferably a water-based ink oil, mainly composed of organic reagents such as alcohols.

[0013] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned phosphate glass ink, comprising the following steps: (1) The phosphate glass powder raw material is ground and then heated and melted in a crucible to obtain glass melt; (2) The obtained glass melt is poured into deionized water for water quenching to obtain clinker, which is then dried, ball-milled and sieved to obtain phosphate glass powder; (3) The obtained phosphate glass powder is mixed and ground with titanium dioxide and ink oil to obtain a high-reflectivity white glass ink paste.

[0014] According to the above scheme, the particle size of the phosphate glass powder raw material after grinding in step (1) is <100μm. Within this range, it can effectively ensure that different raw materials are fully and evenly mixed.

[0015] According to the above scheme, the melting temperature in step (1) is 1000℃~1100℃, and the melting time is 2~3h. Within this range, it can effectively ensure that the glass melt is fully clarified and reduce the presence of bubbles in the glass melt.

[0016] According to the above scheme, step (2) also includes pre-crushing the water-quenched clinker, with a pre-crushed particle size ≤75μm. Within this range, the efficiency of subsequent ball milling can be greatly improved and energy consumption reduced.

[0017] According to the above scheme, the phosphate glass powder obtained in step (2) has a particle size ≤15μm. Within this range, fine particles are obtained, increasing the surface area, improving the printing performance and sintering activity of the glass ink, and ensuring a uniform and smooth coating.

[0018] According to the above scheme, step (3) involves grinding using a three-roll mill. The resulting glass ink achieves extremely high uniformity and fineness, yielding a delicate ink paste with good fluidity.

[0019] The present invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned phosphate glass ink in photovoltaic glass, including coating the above-mentioned phosphate glass ink on a sodium-calcium-silicon glass substrate, drying, and sintering and curing.

[0020] According to the above scheme, the coating method is screen printing.

[0021] According to the above method, the drying temperature is 120℃~150℃, and the drying time is 10~20 minutes. Within this range, the organic solvents in the ink can be evaporated, allowing the glass ink to initially set.

[0022] According to the above scheme, the sintering temperature is 650~720℃, and the sintering time is 5~7 minutes. Within this range, the molten glass wets and coats the TiO2 particles, and simultaneously reacts physically with the glass substrate surface to form a dense, smooth, hard, highly reflective white glass ink. Because rapid sintering is required in a short time, although the sintering temperature of 650-720℃ is higher than the softening point of the glass powder, it ensures that the phosphate glass powder flows rapidly after reaching a molten state at high temperature, thereby gradually eliminating defects such as pores that may exist inside the ink during the initial coating process, achieving a dense glaze surface. This smooth and dense glaze surface meets the requirements for high reflectivity.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-reflectivity white glass ink. The low-melting-point glass powder of the ink is composed of a phosphate glass system. Phosphate glass itself has high intrinsic whiteness and excellent compatibility with titanium dioxide, making it less prone to reaction that would cause the coating to yellow or gray. The phosphorus-boron-zinc system can typically achieve lower softening points and melting temperatures. During the tempering process of photovoltaic glass, the ink layer can perfectly melt and level at a relatively lower temperature, forming a strong chemical bond with the glass substrate, thereby meeting the long lifespan requirements of photovoltaic modules and promoting the further development of the photovoltaic industry. Phosphate glass has the advantages of wide availability and low cost. This low-melting-point glass powder demonstrates good cost control while possessing high performance advantages.

[0024] The high-reflectivity white glass ink provided by this invention uses a phosphate glass system for its low-melting-point glass powder. This glass system has widely available raw materials, low overall cost, and is environmentally friendly, exhibiting high whiteness and excellent optical performance. The softening point of the low-melting-point glass powder used in the high-reflectivity white glass ink ranges from 478.7 to 512.4°C, and its coefficient of thermal expansion ranges from 71.2 × 10⁻⁶. -7 ~79.4×10 -7 ℃ -1 This invention achieves a high degree of matching between the thermal expansion coefficient and softening point of the low-melting-point glass powder and the soda-lime-silicon glass substrate through precise control of the glass composition. This ensures strong coating adhesion and eliminates the risk of cracking and peeling (coating adhesion can reach 5B), guaranteeing the long-term reliability of photovoltaic modules in harsh outdoor environments. Simultaneously, the high-reflectivity white glass ink prepared by this invention possesses extremely high intrinsic whiteness (brightness L value > 85, reaching a maximum of 94.3 in Example 1) and excellent reflectivity (maximum reflectivity in the visible light band can reach 88.07%).

[0025] Furthermore, the preparation process of this invention does not require additional pre-nucleation or crystallization heat treatment steps, and sintering can be completed in one step in the standard tempering process. The process is more simplified, the production cost is lower, and it is more suitable for application in the photovoltaic industry, thus promoting the further development of the photovoltaic industry. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 : Schematic diagram of the preparation process of the phosphate glass ink of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 Thermal expansion curves of the phosphate glass powders prepared in Examples 1-4.

[0028] Figure 3 : A physical image of the glass coating prepared in Example 3 on a sodium-calcium-silicon glass substrate.

[0029] Figure 4 The reflectance results of the glass coatings prepared in Examples 1-4 on the glass substrate are shown in the figure.

[0030] Figure 5 SEM image of the glass coating prepared in Example 2. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the objectives, technical approach, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0032] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0034] A specific embodiment provides a method for preparing a high-reflectivity white coating on a photovoltaic glass backsheet; see appendix. Figure 1 : Step (1) Weigh and grind the low melting point glass powder to obtain fine powder and mix it evenly.

[0035] Step (2) The uniformly mixed low-melting-point glass powder raw material is heated and melted in a crucible to obtain glass melt.

[0036] Step (3) The glass melt is poured into deionized water for water quenching to obtain water-quenched clinker, which is then dried and pre-crushed.

[0037] Step (4) The pre-crushed low-melting-point glass powder is ball-milled and sieved to obtain small-particle-size low-melting-point glass powder.

[0038] Step (5) After ball milling, the low melting point glass powder and titanium dioxide are mixed evenly with the ink oil in a certain mass ratio and then ground to obtain high reflectivity white glass ink.

[0039] Step (6) High-reflectivity white glass ink is coated onto a sodium-calcium-silicon glass substrate, which is then dried and sintered to solidify.

[0040] Unless otherwise specified, all raw materials mentioned in the specific implementation method are obtained through commercial purchase.

[0041] The titanium dioxide used in the specific implementation method is JMA-110 anatase titanium dioxide produced by Guangxi Jinmao Titanium Industry Co., Ltd., with a particle size range of 200~300nm and a microscopic morphology of spherical particles.

[0042] The ink oil used in the specific implementation method section is the 856W type water-based ink oil provided by Hunan Hengyi Materials Technology Co., Ltd. It is mainly composed of organic reagents such as alcohols, and is a colorless to slightly yellow transparent liquid that is non-toxic and odorless.

[0043] Example 1 A high-reflectivity white glass ink for photovoltaic glass backsheets, comprising, by weight: 35 parts phosphate glass powder, 40 parts titanium dioxide, and 25 parts ink oil.

[0044] The glass powder, by molar parts, comprises the following glass oxides: P₂O₅ 28 parts, B₂O₃ 15 parts, ZnO 42 parts, CaO 5 parts, Na₂O 5 parts, and BaO 5 parts. (See attached table.) Figure 2 As shown, the softening temperature of phosphate glass powder is 494.3℃, and its coefficient of thermal expansion is 79.42×10⁻⁶. -7 ℃ -1 .

[0045] The preparation method of the above-mentioned high-reflectivity white glass ink and its application on photovoltaic glass backsheets: S1. Weigh the raw materials of low melting point glass powder according to the above molar percentage, mix and grind them so that the particle size is ≤100μm; then pour the mixed low melting point glass powder raw materials into a muffle furnace, keep it at 1100℃ for 2h to melt it, and then pour the melted material directly into deionized water for water quenching to obtain small glass particles. S2. After the small glass particles obtained in step S1 are pre-crushed and dried, they are placed in a planetary grinder, using zirconium dioxide grinding balls and ethanol as the grinding medium. The mixture is then ball-milled at a speed of 600 r / min for 6 hours and passed through a 1000-mesh sieve to obtain low-melting-point glass powder.

[0046] S3. The low melting point glass powder obtained in step S2 is mixed with titanium dioxide and ink oil in proportion to mass and stirred evenly. After grinding with a three-roll mill, a high reflectance white glass ink for photovoltaic glass backsheet is obtained.

[0047] S4. The photovoltaic glass backsheet obtained in step S3 is printed onto a sodium-calcium-silicon glass substrate using high-reflectivity white glass ink via screen printing. After drying at 130°C for 20 minutes, it is sintered in a muffle furnace and held at 720°C for 7 minutes to obtain a high-reflectivity white glass coating for the photovoltaic glass backsheet.

[0048] Performance testing of high-reflectivity white glass ink: The brightness L-value of the high-reflectivity white glass coating is 94.3, and the maximum reflectance in the visible light band is 88.07% (see attached image). Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the coating is uniform and crack-free, and the adhesion can reach 5B.

[0049] Example 2 A high-reflectivity white glass ink for photovoltaic glass backsheets, comprising, by weight: 35 parts phosphate glass powder, 40 parts titanium dioxide, and 25 parts ink oil.

[0050] The glass powder, by molar parts, comprises the following glass oxides: P₂O₅ 23 parts, B₂O₃ 15 parts, ZnO 47 parts, CaO 5 parts, Na₂O 5 parts, and BaO 5 parts. (See attached table.) Figure 2 As shown, the softening temperature of phosphate glass powder is 512.4℃, and its coefficient of thermal expansion is 71.2×10⁻⁶. -7 ℃ -1 .

[0051] The preparation method of the above-mentioned high-reflectivity white glass ink and its application on photovoltaic glass backsheets: S1. Weigh the raw materials of low melting point glass powder according to the above molar percentage, mix and grind them so that the particle size is ≤100μm; then pour the mixed low melting point glass powder raw materials into a muffle furnace, keep it at 1100℃ for 2h to melt it, and then pour the melted material directly into deionized water for water quenching to obtain small glass particles. S2. After the small glass particles obtained in step S1 are pre-crushed and dried, they are placed in a planetary grinder, using zirconium dioxide grinding balls and ethanol as the grinding medium. The mixture is then ball-milled at a speed of 600 r / min for 6 hours and passed through a 1000-mesh sieve to obtain low-melting-point glass powder.

[0052] S3. The low melting point glass powder obtained in step S2 is mixed with titanium dioxide and ink oil in proportion to mass and stirred evenly. After grinding with a three-roll mill, a high reflectance white glass ink for photovoltaic glass backsheet is obtained.

[0053] S4. The photovoltaic glass backsheet obtained in step S3 is printed onto a sodium-calcium-silicon glass substrate using high-reflectivity white glass ink via screen printing. After drying at 130°C for 20 minutes, it is sintered in a muffle furnace and held at 720°C for 7 minutes to obtain the high-reflectivity white glass ink for the photovoltaic glass backsheet.

[0054] Performance testing of high-reflectivity white glass ink: The brightness L-value of the high-reflectivity white glass coating is 88.4, and the maximum reflectance in the visible light band is 73.2% (see attached image). Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the coating is uniform and crack-free, with an adhesion of up to 5B. The SEM morphology of the glass coating prepared in this embodiment is shown in the attached figure. Figure 5 As shown in the figure, the titanium dioxide particles adhere well to the low melting point glass powder, and the glass powder flows after sintering to form a dense ink coating.

[0055] Example 3 By weight: 35 parts phosphate glass powder, 40 parts titanium dioxide, and 25 parts ink thinner.

[0056] The glass powder, by molar parts, comprises the following glass oxides: P₂O₅ 18 parts, B₂O₃ 15 parts, ZnO 52 parts, CaO 5 parts, Na₂O 5 parts, and BaO 5 parts. (See attached table.) Figure 2 As shown, the softening temperature of phosphate glass powder is 497.3℃, and its coefficient of thermal expansion is 74.9×10⁻⁶. -7 ℃ -1 .

[0057] The preparation method of the above-mentioned high-reflectivity white glass ink and its application on photovoltaic glass backsheets: S1. Weigh the raw materials of low melting point glass powder according to the above molar percentage, mix and grind them so that the particle size is ≤100μm; then pour the mixed low melting point glass powder raw materials into a muffle furnace, keep it at 1100℃ for 2h to melt it, and then pour the melted material directly into deionized water for water quenching to obtain small glass particles. S2. After the small glass particles obtained in step S1 are pre-crushed and dried, they are placed in a planetary grinder, using zirconium dioxide grinding balls and ethanol as the grinding medium. The mixture is then ball-milled at a speed of 600 r / min for 6 hours and passed through a 1000-mesh sieve to obtain low-melting-point glass powder.

[0058] S3. The low melting point glass powder obtained in step S2 is mixed with titanium dioxide and ink oil in proportion to mass and stirred evenly. After grinding with a three-roll mill, a high reflectance white glass ink for photovoltaic glass backsheet is obtained.

[0059] S4. The photovoltaic glass backsheet obtained in step S3 is screen-printed onto a soda-lime-silicon glass substrate using high-reflectivity white glass ink. After drying at 130°C for 20 minutes, it is sintered in a muffle furnace and held at 720°C for 7 minutes to obtain the high-reflectivity white glass ink for the photovoltaic glass backsheet. A physical example of the glass coating prepared in this embodiment on the soda-lime-silicon glass substrate is shown in the attached image. Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the highly reflective white glass coating is uniformly and densely adhered to the sodium-calcium-silicon glass substrate.

[0060] Performance testing of high-reflectivity white glass ink: The brightness L-value of the high-reflectivity white glass coating is 91.84, and the maximum reflectance in the visible light band is 80.25% (see attached image). Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the coating is uniform and crack-free, and the adhesion can reach 5B.

[0061] Example 4 By weight: 35 parts phosphate glass powder, 40 parts titanium dioxide, and 25 parts ink thinner.

[0062] The raw materials of the glass powder, by molar parts, consist of the following glass oxides: P₂O₅ 13 parts, B₂O₃ 15 parts, ZnO 57 parts, CaO 5 parts, Na₂O 5 parts, and BaO 5 parts. (See attached table.) Figure 2 As shown, the softening temperature of phosphate glass powder is 478.7℃, and its coefficient of thermal expansion is 74.4×10⁻⁶. -7 ℃ -1 .

[0063] The preparation method of the above-mentioned high-reflectivity white glass ink and its application on photovoltaic glass backsheets: S1. Weigh the raw materials of low melting point glass powder according to the above molar percentage, mix and grind them so that the particle size is ≤100μm; then pour the mixed low melting point glass powder raw materials into a muffle furnace, keep it at 1100℃ for 2h to melt it, and then pour the melted material directly into deionized water for water quenching to obtain small glass particles. S2. After the small glass particles obtained in step S1 are pre-crushed and dried, they are placed in a planetary grinder, using zirconium dioxide grinding balls and ethanol as the grinding medium. The mixture is then ball-milled at a speed of 600 r / min for 6 hours and passed through a 1000-mesh sieve to obtain low-melting-point glass powder.

[0064] S3. The low melting point glass powder obtained in step S2 is mixed with titanium dioxide and ink oil in proportion to mass and stirred evenly. After grinding with a three-roll mill, a high reflectance white glass ink for photovoltaic glass backsheet is obtained.

[0065] S4. The photovoltaic glass backsheet obtained in step S3 is printed onto a sodium-calcium-silicon glass substrate using high-reflectivity white glass ink via screen printing. After drying at 130°C for 20 minutes, it is sintered in a muffle furnace and held at 720°C for 7 minutes to obtain the high-reflectivity white glass ink for the photovoltaic glass backsheet.

[0066] Performance testing of high-reflectivity white glass ink: The brightness L-value of the high-reflectivity white glass coating is 89.89, and the maximum reflectance in the visible light band is 76.53% (see attached image). Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the coating is uniform and crack-free, and the adhesion can reach 4B.

Claims

1. A phosphate glass ink, characterized in that... Including phosphate glass powder, titanium dioxide, and ink thinner; The composition of the phosphate glass powder, by molar parts, is: 10-30 parts P2O5; 15 parts B2O3; 40-60 parts ZnO; 5 parts Na2O; 10 parts MO; wherein, MO is at least one of CaO and BaO.

2. The phosphate glass ink as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The softening point of the phosphate glass powder is in the range of 478.7~512.4℃.

3. The phosphate glass ink as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The coefficient of thermal expansion of the phosphate glass powder is 71.2 × 10⁻⁶ in the temperature range of 20℃ to 400℃. -7 ~79.4×10 -7 ℃ -1 .

4. The phosphate glass ink as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The composition of the phosphate glass ink, by weight, is as follows: 30-40 parts phosphate glass powder, 40-45 parts titanium dioxide, and 20-25 parts ink oil.

5. The phosphate glass ink as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The titanium dioxide is anatase titanium dioxide with a particle size range of 200~300nm and a microscopic morphology of spherical particles.

6. The method for preparing the phosphate glass ink according to claim 1, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: (1) The phosphate glass powder raw material is ground and then heated and melted in a crucible to obtain glass melt; (2) The obtained glass melt is poured into deionized water for water quenching to obtain clinker, which is then dried, ball-milled and sieved to obtain phosphate glass powder; (3) The obtained phosphate glass powder is mixed and ground with titanium dioxide and ink oil to obtain a high-reflectivity white glass ink paste.

7. The method for preparing phosphate glass ink as described in claim 6, characterized in that... The particle size of the phosphate glass powder raw material in step (1) after grinding is <100μm; the melting temperature is 1000℃~1100℃ and the melting time is 2~3h.

8. The method for preparing phosphate glass ink as described in claim 6, characterized in that... The phosphate glass powder obtained in step (2) has a particle size ≤15μm.

9. The application of the phosphate glass ink according to claim 1 in photovoltaic glass, characterized in that... The process includes coating the phosphate glass ink onto a sodium-calcium-silicon glass substrate, drying, and sintering to cure.

10. The application of the phosphate glass ink as described in claim 9 in photovoltaic glass, characterized in that... The sintering temperature is 650~720℃, and the sintering time is 5~7 minutes.

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